WO2013038575A1 - コリモナス(Collimonas)属細菌を用いた植物病原菌の増殖抑制方法 - Google Patents
コリモナス(Collimonas)属細菌を用いた植物病原菌の増殖抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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- the present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria using microorganisms, and more particularly, to a method for inhibiting the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria using bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas.
- Fusarium genus bacteria and Rhizoctonia genus bacteria represented by seedling blight are known as pathogens of soil infectious diseases.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4 Plant pathogens using colimonas bacteria Studies have been carried out to suppress the growth of potato.
- Wieste de Boer Johan H. J. Leveau, George A. Kowalchuk, Paulien J. A. Klein Gunnewiek, Edwin C. A. Abeln, Marian J. Figge, Klaas Sjollema, Jjo Collimonas fungivorans gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., A chitinolytic soil bacterium with the ability to grow on living fungal hyphae. Francesca Mela, Kathrin Fritsche, Wietse de Boer, Johannes A van Veen, Leo H de Graaff, Marlies van den Berg and Johan HJ Leveau: Dual transcriptional profiling of a bacterial / fungals Faina Kamilova, Johan H. J.
- Leveau and Ben Lugtenberg Collimonas fungivorans, an unpredicted in vitro but efficient in vivo biocontrol agent for the suppression of tomato foot and root rot
- Sachie Hoppener-Ogawa Ecology of mycrophagous Collimonas bacteria in soil Uroz, S., et al., Bacterial weathering and its contribution to nutrient cycling in temperate forest ecosystems, Research in Microbiology (2011) Barbara Vu, Miao Chen, Russell J. Crawford and Maria P. Ivanova: Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides Involved in Biofilm. Wieste de Boer, Johan H. J. leveau, George A.Kowalchuk, paulien J. A.
- Collimonas bacteria are known as microorganisms that grow in an oligotrophic environment, for example, microorganisms that grow on a 1/10 TSB medium or R2A medium diluted 10-fold in a TSB medium and difficult to grow on a medium rich in nutrients. (Non-Patent Document 5).
- Collimonas bacteria are known as phagocytic effects of phytopathogenic fungi, but this phagocytic action is expressed when there is no nutrient source in addition to phytopathogenic fungi. It has not been confirmed that it is expressed in the source medium.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic fungi using bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas.
- the D-25 strain grows well on a nutrient-rich medium, and the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum is suppressed on a nutrient-rich medium.
- the present invention has been discovered.
- the present invention is a method for inhibiting the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, characterized by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Collimonas, having the ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi, and inoculating the cultured microorganism in plant soil. is there.
- the microorganism can be effectively inhibited from growing plant pathogens by culturing on a medium that does not dilute the medium components to form a biofilm.
- the microorganism is a microorganism selected from the D-25 strain deposited under the deposit number NITE P-1104, the Collimonas NBRC3740 strain, the Collimonas fungivorans DMZ17622 strain.
- the plant pathogen is a filamentous fungus belonging to the genus Rhizoctonia or the genus Fusarium.
- FIG. 1 The figure which shows the proliferation on the TSA culture medium (24 degreeC) of D-25 stock
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the growth inhibition of plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum by D-25 strain, and (a) only Rhizoctonia solani cultured on TSA medium (B) Rhizoctonia solani inoculated on TSA medium in which D-25 strain was cultured, (c) Fusarium oxysporum only cultured on TSA medium, (d) ) Inoculated Fusarium oxysporum on TSA medium in which D-25 strain was cultured.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the growth inhibition of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia by the D-25 strain phagocytosed from the R2A medium to the TSA medium, (a) only Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia) cultured on the TSA medium; (B) One day culture of the D-25 strain inoculated on the TSA medium followed by inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani, (c) Two days on the D-25 strain inoculated on the TSA medium Inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani after culturing, It is a figure which shows the growth suppression of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum) by the D-25 stock
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the growth inhibition of the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by the D-25 strain when the cycle of transferring the D-25 strain from the R2A medium to the TSA medium is set to 2 times, (a) the TSA medium On top of this, only Rhizoctonia ani solani was cultured, and (b) the second inoculation of D-25 strain into TSA medium, and at the same time, Rhizoctonia ani solani was inoculated on TSA medium (C) One day after the second inoculation of the D-25 strain into the TSA medium, Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated into the TSA medium.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the growth inhibition of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum by the D-25 strain when the cycle of transferring the D-25 strain from the R2A medium to the TSA medium is set to 2 times, (a) the TSA medium On top of this, only Fusarium oxysporum was cultured, and (b) Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated into TSA medium at the same time as the second inoculation of D-25 strain into TSA medium. (C) One day after the second inoculation to the TSA medium of D-25 strain, Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the suppression of the growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by the D-25 strain when the cycle of transferring the D-25 strain from the R2A medium to the TSA medium is four times, (a) the TSA medium Above, only Rhizoctonia solani was cultured, (b) D-25 strain was inoculated into TSA medium at the same time, Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated into TSA medium (C) One day after the fourth inoculation of the D-25 strain to the TSA medium, and then inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the suppression of the growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum by the D-25 strain when the cycle of transferring the D-25 strain from the R2A medium to the TSA medium is set to 4 times, (a) the TSA medium On top of this, only Fusarium oxysporum was cultured, and (b) Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated into TSA medium at the same time as the fourth inoculation of D-25 strain into TSA medium. (C) One day after the fourth inoculation of D-25 strain to TSA medium, and then inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum. Growth curve of D-25 strain at 24 ° C (2% inoculation) FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the suppression of Rhizoctonia solani seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) soaked in the culture solution of D-25 strain, and (a) Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Observation result, (b) Observation result of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), (c) Observation result of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) when distance between D-25 strain and Rhizoctonia solani is increased, (d) The observation result of cucumber (Cucumis sativus).
- FIG. 2 is an observation view of cucumber when 200 ⁇ l of D-25 strain concentrate is dropped.
- the D-25 strain according to the present invention was cultured using solid and liquid media.
- the medium used was TSB medium as liquid medium, 1/10 TSB medium diluted TSB medium 10 times, TSA medium obtained by solidifying the two liquid mediums as a solid medium with agar, 1/10 TSA medium, and R2A medium.
- TSA medium obtained by solidifying the two liquid mediums as a solid medium with agar
- TSA medium obtained by solidifying the two liquid mediums as a solid medium with agar
- R2A medium R2A medium.
- the components of the medium are as follows.
- -TSB medium (1L) Polypeptone 20g Glucose 2.5g NaCl 5g K 2 HPO 4 2.5g 1/10 TSB medium (1 L) Polypeptone 2g Glucose 0.25g NaCl 0.5g K 2 HPO 4 0.25 g -TSA medium TSB medium solidified with 1.5% agar. 1/10 TSA medium 1/10 TSB medium solidified with 1.5% agar. ⁇ R2A medium (1L) Polypeptone 0.5g Yeast extract 0.5g Casamino acid 0.5g Glucose 0.5g Soluble starch 0.5g Pyruvate Na 0.3g K 2 HPO 4 0.3 g MgSO 4 0.05 g Agar 15g
- the bacteria of the genus Collimonas are microorganisms that prefer an oligotrophic state such as the 1/10 TSB medium and the 1/10 TSA medium, and that growth is not observed under abundant nutritional conditions.
- a confirmation experiment was conducted using the TSA medium.
- the cultured bacteria of the genus Collimonas were centrifuged using a sterilized centrifuge tube, and the cells were collected. The collected cell supernatant was removed and suspended in 40 ml of sterilized water.
- Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus which are usually used for biological pesticides, are highly auxotrophic, so they form spores and become inactive in the dormant state in soil environments where nutrient sources are scarce. Not often reported.
- D-25 strain was used to carry out growth inhibition experiments against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani.
- Rhizoctonia solani In the R2A medium, 1/10 TSA medium, or PDA medium for filamentous fungi, the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani was used. No growth inhibition of (Rhizoctonia solani) was observed, and the D-25 strain was covered with the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani.
- the growth of the D-25 strain was observed in the solid medium TSA medium in which the medium components were not diluted, and the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ solani) ) was observed to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum strain D-25.
- Example Method 1 (1) The D-25 strain was inoculated from the R2A medium to the TSA medium and cultured at 24 ° C. for 2 days. (2) Paper with grid lines was pasted on the petri dish, and the D-25 strain was applied to the TSA medium along the lines. (3) Cultured overnight at 24 ° C. (4) The plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated in the center of the petri dish and cultured at 24 ° C.
- Example Method 2 (1) The D-25 strain was inoculated from the R2A medium to the TSA medium and cultured at 24 ° C. for 1 day. (2) The D-25 strain was inoculated from the R2A medium to the TSA medium and cultured at 24 ° C. for 2 days. (3) A paper with a square line was pasted on the petri dish, and the D-25 strain was applied along the line to each of the two types of TSA media. (4) The D-25 strain was further cultured for a predetermined period. (5) The plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated at the center of the petri dish of the two TSA media and cultured at 24 ° C. for 7 days.
- the D-25 strain is inoculated from the R2A medium, which is an oligotrophic medium, into the rich medium TSA medium and allowed to grow, and the proliferated D-25 strain is again inoculated into the R2A medium and allowed to grow. Thereafter, the D-25 strain grown on the R2A medium is again inoculated into the TSA medium, and the D-25 strain grown there is used to grow against the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The inhibitory ability was examined.
- the D-25 strain and the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum are simultaneously used. Both the inoculum and the D-25 strain after one-day culture showed growth inhibitory effects of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia ⁇ solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Therefore, it was confirmed that no mutation occurred in the ability to suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi even through the TSA medium in which the medium components were not diluted.
- the cycle in which the D-25 strain was transferred from the R2A medium to the TSA medium was changed from 2 to 4 times, and the plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum were simultaneously inoculated. .
- the D-25 strain was cultured for 1 day in the TSA medium after 4 cycles of the above cycle, and then inoculated with the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum Each prepared.
- standard for comparison is the same as the said Example, description is abbreviate
- the D-25 strain was cultured in 2 ml of 1/10 TSB medium for 2 days at 24 ° C. and 200 rpm. Then, seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) subjected to seed sterilization were pregerminated on an agar medium (Agar 2%), and then each seed was immersed in the culture solution of the D-25 strain, Inoculated on PDA medium. In addition, seeds of tomato (Solanumperslycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) not soaked in the culture solution were inoculated into the PDA medium as controls. After seed inoculation, the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated at the center of the PDA medium, and the disease on seeds immersed in the culture medium and seeds not immersed was observed.
- the D-25 strain was cultured in 2 ml of 1/10 TSB medium for 2 days at 200 rpm and 24 ° C. 100 ml of 1/10 TSB was added to a 500 ml flask, and 2% of the D-25 strain was inoculated therein and cultured at 120 rpm. After culturing, the strain D-25 was collected by centrifugation and resuspended in 1 ml of sterile distilled water.
- the 1/10 PDA medium was inoculated with seeds of seed sterilized cucumber (Cucumistivsativus) (Control 4-1), and the 1/10 PDA medium was pre- germinated with seeds sterilized.
- a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seed and a plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani inoculated (Control 4-2) were prepared.
- cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds grew without any problems in Control 4-1 (FIGS. 12 (a) and (b)), while cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in Control 4-2.
- Seeds are infected with the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia ani solani, the stem is brown, the roots are infected with hyphae and die (FIGS. 12 (c) and 12 (d)).
- the liquid medium was TSB medium.
- the D-25 strain was cultured in a TSB medium, and a 500 ml flask with 100 ml TSB added thereto was prepared.
- the D-25 strain was inoculated therein and cultured. After culturing, the strain D-25 was collected by centrifugation and resuspended in 40 ml of sterile distilled water. 10 ml of this suspension of D-25 strain was added to a test tube containing 1/10 PDA medium, and the following test specimens were prepared to observe the ability to inhibit the growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani.
- the seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) of test specimen 5-3 were infected with the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani in the same manner as test specimen 5-1, even when immersed in the culture medium of D-25 strain (Fig. 13 (c)).
- the medium for culturing the D-25 strain was changed from a liquid medium to a solid medium TSA medium.
- the D-25 strain cultured in the TSA medium was collected with a spatula, and the following test specimens were prepared to observe the growth inhibitory ability of the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani.
- Biofilm Colonies cultured by such means are generally called “Biofilm”, and are mainly colonies of bacteria composed of exopolysaccharides.
- an expression system of a gene different from a vegetative cell (planktonic cell) obtained by aeration and agitation culture usually used in biopesticides is suggested. From the results of this experiment, it was shown that the biofilm composition of the bacteria by solid culture or other culture means is effective in suppressing the growth of phytopathogenic fungi by the D-25 strain.
- Rhizoctonia solani In order to confirm whether a substance that suppresses the growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani is produced from the D-25 strain, an experiment on the inhibition of the growth of the (Rhizoctonia solani) using the supernatant of the D-25 strain was conducted. went.
- the D-25 strain was cultured in 2 ml of 1/10 TSB medium for 2 days. Thereafter, 100 ml of 1/10 TSB medium was added to a 500 ml flask, 2% of the D-25 strain was inoculated therein, and cultured at 24 ° C. and 120 rpm for 5 days. The cultured D-25 strain is centrifuged at 15000 rpm, and 0.2 ⁇ m (ADVANTEC) filter sterilization is performed to obtain a supernatant of the D-25 strain.
- ADVANTEC 0.2 ⁇ m
- TSA medium was added to each of the obtained supernatants 1, 3, 5 and 10 ml to make 10 ml as a whole.
- 1/10 TSA medium 1, 3, 5 ml was prepared instead of the supernatant, and the growth inhibitory ability of the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was examined for each test specimen.
- the growth inhibitory ability of the phytopathogenic fungus was not observed even when 5 ml of the supernatant of the culture solution of the D-25 strain was used. Therefore, the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani was used. It was determined that no antibacterial active substance that suppresses the growth of the D-25 strain was produced. That is, the D-25 strain can suppress the growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani without relying on antibiotics produced by bacteria normally used in biological pesticides.
- an experiment for inhibiting the growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani was performed using a bacterium belonging to the genus Collimonas other than the D-25 strain.
- the NBRC3740 strain (former name: Janthinobacterium lividum) is used as a bacterium belonging to the genus Collimonas.
- the NBRC3740 strain grown in liquid culture is used to compare the growth inhibitory ability of phytopathogenic fungi with the D-25 strain using the NBRC3740 strain grown on an agar medium. did.
- the D-25 strain was cultured using a TSA medium, and the NBRC3740 strain was grown using a double water medium, and the bacterial cells were collected and compared for their ability to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. ⁇ ⁇ Because there was a concern that the number of NBRC3740 strains was small, NBRC3740 strain was applied to 15 double water culture media and then collected with a spatula. After each collected bacteria was applied to a petri dish, a plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated at the center and cultured at 24 ° C. for 3 days.
- the D-25 strain suppresses the growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, while the NBRC 3740 strain has the mycelium growing to the outer enclosure.
- the D-25 strain uses one TSA medium and the NBRC3740 strain uses 15 condensate medium cells.
- the NBRC3740 strain is D-25. It is used much more than the bacterial cells of the strain. However, no significant suppression was observed compared to the D-25 strain.
- the D-25 strain and the Collimonas fungivorans DMZ17622 strain are respectively applied in a grid pattern to 1/10 TSA medium. Thereafter, the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated in the center of the culture medium to compare the growth inhibitory ability of the plant pathogenic fungi.
- the culture medium to be cultured was replaced with the TSA medium, and the inhibitory ability of the plant pathogenic bacteria of the D-25 strain and the Collimonas fungivorans DMZ17622 strain was compared.
- the D-25 strain and Collimonas gi fungivorans DMZ17622 strain were applied in a square shape so as to be double-wrapped on the TSA medium, and then the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was inoculated in the center of the medium, 25
- the growth-inhibitory ability of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by the above-mentioned two strains was compared after culturing at °C.
- FIG. 19 is a photograph on the 4th day of culture.
- the two strains have the same ability to suppress the growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, both of which have the central portion of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. I was trapped in the square. However, it was confirmed that the Collimonas fungivorans DMZ17622 strain had a faster growth speed and stronger adhesion than the D-25 strain.
- Example 9 the Collimonas fungivorans DMZ17622 strain was used for trial purposes, and it has been found that this bacterial species depends on the known phagocytic action of chitinase (non-patent literature). 7). From these experimental results, it was strongly suggested that the chitinase produced by the microbial cells is the main activity mechanism of the ability to suppress the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria in the bacteria of the genus Collimonas.
- the three bacterial cells (D-25 strain, NBRC3740 strain, and DMZ17622 strain) used in the embodiments of the present invention have a remarkable inhibitory activity in an oligotrophic medium such as 1/10 TSB provided in past experiments. Although it was confirmed that it does not show, its hidden control ability is not the state of vegetative cells by aeration and agitation culture generally used in bacterial culture, but provides a solid biofilm culture in which nutrient sources are normally present As a result, it was confirmed that it appeared remarkably. Moreover, although there is a difference in the ability to suppress the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria, it can be said that it is inherent in all bacteria of the genus Collimonas.
- exopolysaccharides which are the main composition of biofilms produced by bacteria, have been reported to have antibacterial activity. It is also possible that this is a synergistic effect of the bacterium belonging to the genus Collimonas) and the exopolysaccharide.
- Non-Patent Document 9 it is suggested that Collimonas genus bacteria are slime (refers to a biofilm) when they encounter phytopathogenic fungi under oligotrophic conditions and in an excessive stress state. It is shown that antibacterial activity is expressed. Furthermore, in this document, Xanthomonas bacteria are slime to dissipate excess carbon sources under acid stress and growth arrest, and the same is true for Collimonas bacteria. This suggests the possibility of the phenomenon.
- Non-Patent Document 9 a strain that exhibits the ability to suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in an oligotrophic environment such as 1/10 TSB such as Collimonas fungivorans Ter331 is used, and finally, Collimonas (Collimonas It is concluded that the gene expression governing the phagocytic ability of the genus bacteria is in an oligotrophic environment.
- the present invention has succeeded in developing its ability by eutrophication to form a biofilm even for cells that do not exhibit remarkable ability to suppress the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria in an oligotrophic environment.
- the genus Collimonas is a colony in a culture environment different from the natural world, When it is introduced into exotic soil, even if the soil is in an oligotrophic environment, it maintains the same viability as the number of bacteria that normally live in the natural world. You can expect.
- the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum shown in the above embodiment are also used. It is thought that the growth inhibitory effect of can be demonstrated.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係るD-25株を固体および液体培地を用いて培養した。用いた培地は、液体培地としてTSB培地、TSB培地を10倍に希釈した1/10TSB培地、固体培地として前記2種の液体培地をそれぞれ寒天で固化したTSA培地、1/10TSA培地、およびR2A培地の5種である。前記培地の成分は以下のとおりである。
ポリペプトン 20g
グルコース 2.5g
NaCl 5g
K2HPO4 2.5g
・1/10TSB培地(1L)
ポリペプトン 2g
グルコース 0.25g
NaCl 0.5g
K2HPO4 0.25g
・TSA培地
TSB培地を1.5%寒天で固化したもの。
・1/10TSA培地
1/10TSB培地を1.5%寒天で固化したもの。
・R2A培地(1L)
ポリペプトン 0.5g
酵母エキス 0.5g
カザミノ酸 0.5g
グルコース 0.5g
溶性デンプン 0.5g
ピルビン酸Na 0.3g
K2HPO4 0.3g
MgSO4 0.05g
寒天 15g
次に、コリモナス(Collimonas)属細菌の土壌中における生存菌数の確認実験を行った。まず、コリモナス(Collimonas)属細菌を1/10TSB培地で2日間、24℃、200rpmの条件下で培養した。その後、500mlフラスコに1/10TSB培地を100ml加え、そこに前記コリモナス(Collimonas)属細菌を植菌し、24℃、200rpmで一晩培養した。
D-25株を用いて、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)に対する増殖抑制実験を行ったが、R2A培地や1/10TSA培地、あるいは糸状菌用のPDA培地などにおいては、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)の増殖抑制はまったく認められず、D-25株は、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)に覆われた。
(1)R2A培地からTSA培地にD-25株を植菌し、2日間24℃で培養した。
(2)シャーレに格子状に線を引いた紙を張り付け、前記TSA培地にD-25株を前記線に沿って塗布した。
(3)一晩24℃で培養した。
(4)シャーレの中心に植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)あるいはフザリウム・オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)を植菌し24℃で培養した。
(5)比較の基準となるコントロール培地として、D-25株を塗布していないTSA培地に植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)、あるいはフザリウム・オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)のみを植菌し、24℃で培養したものを用意し、これらと前記D-25株を塗布したTSA培地に植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)、あるいはフザリウム・オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)を植菌したものと比較した。
(1)R2A培地からTSA培地にD-25株を植菌し、1日間24℃で培養した。
(2)R2A培地からTSA培地にD-25株を植菌し、2日間24℃で培養した。
(3)シャーレに正方形に線を引いた紙を張り付け、前記2種のTSA培地それぞれにD-25株を前記線に沿って塗布した。
(4)所定期間D-25株をさらに培養した。
(5)前記2種のTSA培地のシャーレの中心にそれぞれ植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)あるいはフザリウム・オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)を植菌し7日間24℃で培養した。
(6)比較の基準となるコントロール培地として、D-25株を塗布していないTSA培地に植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ、あるいはフザリウム・オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)のみを植菌し、7日間24℃で培養したものを用意し、これらと前記D-25株を塗布したTSA培地に植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)、あるいはフザリウム・オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)を植菌したものと比較した。
TSB培地で培養したD-25株を接種した1/10PDA培地に、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)、種子殺菌済みで前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子を接種したもの。
(試験体5-2)
TSB培地で培養したD-25株を接種した1/10PDA培地に、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)、種子殺菌済みで前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子を接種し、前記D-25株の濃縮液を200μl滴下したもの。
(試験体5-3)
TSB培地で培養したD-25株を接種した1/10PDA培地に、前記D-25の培養液に浸したキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)を接種し、前記D-25株の濃縮液を200μl滴下したもの。
試験体5-1のキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子については、その生育はあまり良くないが、実施例4のコントロール4-2のキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子に比べて茎が枯れることなく、病気の進行が遅くなっている現象が認められた(図13(a))。
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子を前記1/10PDA培地に接種したもの。
(試験体6-2)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)を前記1/10PDA培地に接種したもの。
(試験体6-3)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、TSA培地で培養したD-25株(TSA1枚分)を前記1/10PDA培地に接種したもの。
(試験体6-4)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、TSA培地で培養したD-25株(TSA1枚分)、及び植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)を前記1/10PDA培地に接種したもの。
(試験体6-5)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、TSA培地で培養したD-25株(TSA3枚分)、及び植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)を前記1/10PDA培地に接種したもの。
図14に示されるように、TSA培地上から集積された、粘性のあるD-25株のコロニーにより、植物病原菌の感染までの時間を長くすることができることが示され、前記粘性のあるD-25株の接種方法を工夫することで、植物病原菌の増殖抑制効果がさらに顕著になることが期待された。
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子を接種したもの。
(試験体6-7)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)を接種したもの。
(試験体6-8)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、TSA培地で培養したD-25株(TSA2枚分)を培地全体に塗布し、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子を接種したもの。
(試験体6-9)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、TSA培地で培養したD-25株(TSA2枚分)を培地全体に塗布し、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)を接種したもの。
(試験体6-10)
アグリポットに1/10PDA培地(Agar 0.6%)を入れ、TSA培地で培養したD-25株(TSA1枚分)を培地全体に塗布し、種子殺菌後に前発芽させたキュウリ(Cucumis sativus)の種子、植物病原菌リゾクトニア・ソラニ(Rhizoctonia solani)を接種したもの。
実施例7において示された如く、コリモナス(Collimonas)属細菌による植物病原菌の増殖抑制は、バチルス(Bacillus)属細菌などのように、生物農薬で一般的に用いられる抗生物質を生成することによる、植物病害抑制能力とは異なることが確認された。
従って、コリモナス(Collimonas)属細菌による植物病原菌の増殖抑制能の発現において、スライム状のバイオフィルム(Biofilm)培養することにより、細菌が本来持っている食菌能力が発現或いは増幅されるが、それは必ずしも貧栄養下に晒されることが絶対条件では無く、寧ろ栄養成分が普通に存在する固体培地であって、過度の水分が存在しない環境下におけるスライム状のバイオフィルム発現を供することが、この細菌の植物病原菌防除に有効であると判断出来る。
Claims (6)
- 植物病原菌の増殖抑制能を有し、コリモナス(Collimonas)属に属する微生物。
- 請求項1記載の微生物を培養し、
当該培養した微生物を植物土壌に植菌する
ことを特徴とする植物病原菌の増殖抑制方法。 - 請求項1記載の微生物は、培地成分を希釈しない培地上で培養された
ことを特徴とする請求項2記載の植物病原菌の増殖抑制方法。 - 請求項1記載の微生物が、培地成分を希釈しない固体培地上で培養され、バイオフィルムを形成する
ことを特徴とする請求項3記載の植物病原菌の増殖抑制方法。 - 請求項1記載の微生物が、寄託番号NITE P-1104の菌株、コリモナス(Collimonas)NBRC3740、コリモナス・フンギボランス(Collimonas fungivorans) DMZ17622の中から選択される微生物である
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の植物病原菌の増殖抑制方法。 - 植物病原菌は、リゾクトニア(Rhizoctonia)属又はフザリウム(Fusarium)属に属する糸状菌であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5いずれか1項記載の植物病原菌の増殖抑制方法。
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US14/344,365 US9131699B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2011-12-16 | Method for inhibiting proliferation of plant pathogenic microbe using Collimonas bacterium |
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WO2016129064A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-08-18 | 一般社団法人 新環境技術評議会 | 微生物による乾燥耐性向上代謝物の製造方法及び当該代謝物を用いた植物への乾燥耐性を向上させる方法 |
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WO2015033400A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-03-12 | 一般社団法人 新環境技術評議会 | コリモナス属細菌の培養方法及び保存方法 |
JPWO2015033400A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-04 | 2017-03-02 | 一般社団法人新環境技術評議会 | コリモナス属細菌の培養方法及び保存方法 |
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CN104004680A (zh) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-08-27 | 北京市农林科学院 | 一株草甸山冈单胞菌及其应用 |
WO2016129064A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-08-18 | 一般社団法人 新環境技術評議会 | 微生物による乾燥耐性向上代謝物の製造方法及び当該代謝物を用いた植物への乾燥耐性を向上させる方法 |
JPWO2016129064A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-11-30 | 一般社団法人新環境技術評議会 | 微生物による乾燥耐性向上代謝物の製造方法及び当該代謝物を用いた植物への乾燥耐性を向上させる方法 |
JP2019213486A (ja) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社Aps | 殺ダニ用組成物 |
JP7123380B2 (ja) | 2018-06-13 | 2022-08-23 | 株式会社Aps | 殺ダニ用組成物 |
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EP2757149A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
EP2757149A4 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
US20140348797A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
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