WO2013031470A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013031470A1 WO2013031470A1 PCT/JP2012/069667 JP2012069667W WO2013031470A1 WO 2013031470 A1 WO2013031470 A1 WO 2013031470A1 JP 2012069667 W JP2012069667 W JP 2012069667W WO 2013031470 A1 WO2013031470 A1 WO 2013031470A1
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- temperature
- flow rate
- fuel cell
- refrigerant
- discharge flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04417—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- JP 2006-302739A describes a conventional fuel cell system that uses an electromagnetic three-way valve to switch a circulation path of cooling water for cooling a fuel cell stack.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and aims to suppress the occurrence of hunting.
- a refrigerant circulation passage through which a refrigerant that cools the fuel cell circulates, a pump that circulates the refrigerant, a refrigerant circulation passage, and a refrigerant circulation passage that releases the heat of the refrigerant.
- An open / close valve that is provided at a junction where the high-temperature refrigerant and the high-temperature refrigerant merge, opens when the temperature of the high-temperature refrigerant reaches a predetermined valve opening temperature or more, joins the low-temperature refrigerant to the high-temperature refrigerant, and supplies the fuel cell;
- a fuel cell system is provided that calculates the basic discharge flow rate of the pump according to the state of the fuel cell and increases the discharge flow rate of the pump from the basic discharge flow rate when the temperature of the low-temperature refrigerant is lower than a predetermined temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating pump flow rate control of the circulation pump according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a table for calculating the target stack outlet water temperature based on the stack load.
- FIG. 4 is a table for calculating the basic pump flow rate based on the temperature difference between the stack outlet water temperature and the target stack outlet water temperature.
- FIG. 5 is a table for calculating the hunting-generated radiator outlet water temperature based on the basic pump flow rate.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for setting the first predetermined temperature ⁇ and the second predetermined temperature ⁇ .
- FIG. 7 is a table for calculating the hunting avoidance pump flow rate based on the radiator outlet water temperature.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating pump flow rate control of the circulation pump according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the cathode pressure correction process.
- FIG. 10 is a table for calculating the basic cathode pressure based on the stack load.
- FIG. 11 is a table for calculating the correction value of the cathode pressure based on the target stack outlet water temperature and the average water temperature.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating pump flow rate control of the circulation pump according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating the cathode gas flow rate correction process.
- FIG. 14 is a table for calculating the basic cathode gas flow rate based on the stack load.
- FIG. 15 is a table for calculating the correction value of the cathode gas flow rate based on the target
- an electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (oxidant electrode), an anode gas containing hydrogen in the anode electrode (fuel gas), and a cathode gas containing oxygen in the cathode electrode (oxidant) Electricity is generated by supplying gas.
- the electrode reaction that proceeds in both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode is as follows.
- Anode electrode 2H 2 ⁇ 4H + + 4e ⁇ (1)
- Cathode electrode 4H + + 4e ⁇ + O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O (2)
- the fuel cell generates an electromotive force of about 1 volt by the electrode reactions (1) and (2).
- a fuel cell When a fuel cell is used as a power source for automobiles, it requires a large amount of power, so it is used as a fuel cell stack in which several hundred fuel cells are stacked. Then, a fuel cell system that supplies anode gas and cathode gas to the fuel cell stack is configured, and electric power for driving the vehicle is taken out.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell stack 1, a cathode gas supply / discharge device 2, an anode gas supply / discharge device 3, a stack cooling device 4, and a controller 5.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is formed by stacking several hundred fuel cells, and receives the supply of anode gas and cathode gas to generate electric power necessary for driving the vehicle.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 2 is a device that supplies cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and discharges cathode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the outside air.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 2 includes a cathode gas supply passage 21, a filter 22, a cathode compressor 23, a cathode gas discharge passage 24, a cathode pressure regulating valve 25, an air flow sensor 26, and a pressure sensor 27.
- the cathode gas supply passage 21 is a passage through which the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 flows.
- the cathode gas supply passage 21 has one end connected to the filter 22 and the other end connected to the cathode gas inlet hole 11 of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the filter 22 removes foreign matters in the cathode gas taken into the cathode gas supply passage 21.
- the cathode compressor 23 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21.
- the cathode compressor 23 takes in air (outside air) as cathode gas through the filter 22 into the cathode gas supply passage 21 and supplies it to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode gas discharge passage 24 is a passage through which the cathode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 flows. One end of the cathode gas discharge passage 24 is connected to the cathode gas outlet hole 12 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is an open end.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is provided in the cathode gas discharge passage 24.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 5 and adjusts the pressure of the passage (hereinafter referred to as “cathode pressure”) through which the cathode gas upstream of the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 flows to a desired pressure.
- the air flow sensor 26 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21 upstream of the cathode compressor 23. The air flow sensor 26 detects the flow rate of the cathode gas flowing through the cathode gas supply passage 21.
- the pressure sensor 27 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21 in the vicinity of the cathode gas inlet hole 11.
- the pressure sensor 27 detects the cathode pressure.
- the controller 5 adjusts the opening of the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 based on the detection value of the pressure sensor 27, and adjusts the cathode pressure to a desired pressure.
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 3 is a device that supplies anode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 and discharges anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the cathode gas discharge passage 24.
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 3 includes a high-pressure tank 31, an anode gas supply passage 32, an anode pressure regulating valve 33, an anode gas discharge passage 34, and a purge valve 35.
- the high pressure tank 31 stores the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 in a high pressure state.
- the anode gas supply passage 32 is a passage for supplying the anode gas discharged from the high-pressure tank 31 to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode gas supply passage 32 has one end connected to the high-pressure tank 31 and the other end connected to the anode gas inlet hole 13 of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 33 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 32.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 33 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 5 and adjusts the pressure of the anode gas flowing out from the high-pressure tank 31 to the anode gas supply passage 32 to a desired pressure.
- the anode gas discharge passage 34 is a passage through which the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 flows.
- the anode gas discharge passage 34 has one end connected to the anode gas outlet hole 14 of the fuel cell stack 1 and the other end connected to the cathode gas discharge passage 24.
- the purge valve 35 is provided in the anode gas discharge passage 34.
- the purge valve 35 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 5 and controls the flow rate of the anode off gas discharged from the anode gas discharge passage 34 to the cathode gas discharge passage 24.
- the stack cooling device 4 is a device that cools the fuel cell stack 1 and maintains the fuel cell stack 1 at a temperature suitable for power generation.
- the stack cooling device 4 includes a cooling water circulation passage 41, a radiator 42, a bypass passage 43, a thermostat 44, a circulation pump 45, a heater 46, a first water temperature sensor 47, and a second water temperature sensor 48. .
- the cooling water circulation passage 41 is a passage through which cooling water for cooling the fuel cell stack 1 circulates.
- the radiator 42 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 41.
- the radiator 42 cools the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell stack 1.
- the bypass passage 43 has one end connected to the cooling water circulation passage 41 and the other end connected to the thermostat 44 so that the cooling water can be circulated by bypassing the radiator 42.
- the thermostat 44 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 41 on the downstream side of the radiator 42.
- the thermostat 44 is an on-off valve that automatically opens and closes according to the temperature of the cooling water flowing inside.
- the thermostat 44 is closed when the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the thermostat 44 is lower than a predetermined thermostat valve opening temperature, and only the relatively high temperature cooling water that has passed through the bypass passage 43 is supplied to the fuel cell stack. 1 is supplied.
- the temperature of the cooling water flowing in the interior becomes equal to or higher than the thermostat valve opening temperature, it gradually opens, and the cooling water passing through the bypass passage 42 and the relatively low-temperature cooling water passing through the radiator 43 are mixed inside. And supply it to the fuel cell stack.
- the cooling water that has passed through the bypass passage 43 flows into the thermostat 44 regardless of the open / closed state thereof.
- the opening degree of the thermostat 44 is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the inflow of the cooling water from the bypass passage 42 is blocked and only the cooling water that has passed through the radiator 43 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1. good.
- the thermostat valve opening temperature can be adjusted by the wax material and the spring constituting the thermostat 44 and may be set as appropriate according to the characteristics of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the circulation pump 45 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 41 on the downstream side of the thermostat 44 and circulates the cooling water.
- the discharge flow rate of the circulation pump 45 (hereinafter referred to as “pump flow rate”) is controlled by the controller 5.
- the heater 46 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 41 between the thermostat 44 and the circulation pump 45.
- the heater 46 is energized when the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed up to raise the temperature of the cooling water.
- a PTC heater is used as the heat 46, but is not limited to this.
- the first water temperature sensor 47 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 41 upstream of the branch point between the cooling water circulation passage 41 and the bypass passage 43.
- the first water temperature sensor 47 detects the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “stack outlet water temperature”).
- the stack outlet water temperature corresponds to the temperature of the fuel cell stack (hereinafter referred to as “stack temperature”).
- the second water temperature sensor 48 is provided in the cooling water circulation passage 41 on the downstream side of the circulation pump 45.
- the second water temperature sensor 48 detects the temperature of the cooling water flowing into the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “stack inlet water temperature”).
- stack inlet water temperature detected by the second water temperature sensor 48 is used as the temperature of the cooling water flowing inside the thermostat 44.
- the controller 5 includes a microcomputer having a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface).
- the controller 5 includes an outside air temperature sensor 51 that detects the outside air temperature and a load applied to the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “stack load”). Signals from various sensors necessary for controlling the fuel cell system 100 such as the current sensor 52 that detects the output current of the fuel cell stack 1 are input.
- the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 51 is used as the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the radiator 42 (hereinafter referred to as “radiator outlet water temperature”).
- the stack outlet water temperature is usually equal to the outside air temperature. Therefore, for a while after the start of the fuel cell system 100, the temperature of the cooling water flowing inside the thermostat 44 is lower than the thermostat valve opening temperature, so that only the cooling water that has passed through the bypass passage 43 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the thermostat 44 opens, and the cooling water passing through the bypass passage 43 and the radiator Cooling water that has passed through 42 is mixed in a thermostat 44 and supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cooling water that has passed through the radiator 42 is cooled to a temperature equivalent to the outside air temperature by the radiator 42. Therefore, particularly in a low temperature environment where the outside air temperature is below 0 ° C., the temperature of the cooling water that has passed through the bypass passage 43 (stack outlet water temperature) and the temperature of the cooling water that has passed through the radiator 42 (radiator outlet water temperature). And the temperature difference between the cooling water and the temperature of the cooling water mixed in the thermostat 44 may drop rapidly. Then, it has been found that there is a problem that hunting occurs in which the temperature of the cooling water supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 (stack inlet water temperature) moves up and down as the thermostat 44 repeatedly opens and closes.
- the pump flow rate is increased when the stack outlet water temperature rises to near the thermostat valve opening temperature. increase.
- the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the bypass passage 43 and flowing into the thermostat 44 can be increased, and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the thermostat 44 can be increased.
- the thermostat 44 is opened and the cooling water that has passed through the radiator 42 flows in, the rapid decrease in the cooling water temperature in the thermostat 44 can be suppressed, and hunting can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating pump flow rate control of the circulation pump according to the present embodiment.
- the controller 5 executes this routine at a predetermined calculation cycle (for example, 10 [ms]) during operation of the fuel cell system 100.
- step S1 the controller 5 reads detection signals from various sensors.
- step S ⁇ b> 2 the controller 5 refers to a table of FIG. 3 described later, and based on the stack load, that is, the output current detected by the current sensor 52, the target value of the stack outlet water temperature (hereinafter referred to as “target stack outlet water temperature”). .) Is calculated.
- step S3 the controller 5 calculates a temperature difference between the stack outlet water temperature detected by the first water temperature sensor 47 and the target stack outlet water temperature.
- step S4 the controller 5 refers to a table shown in FIG. 4 to be described later, and determines a basic value of the pump flow rate (hereinafter referred to as “basic pump flow rate”) based on the difference between the stack outlet water temperature and the target stack outlet water temperature. calculate.
- basic pump flow rate a basic value of the pump flow rate
- step S5 the controller 5 refers to a table of FIG. 5 described later, and calculates a radiator outlet water temperature at which hunting starts to occur (hereinafter referred to as “hunting occurrence radiator outlet water temperature”) based on the basic pump flow rate.
- the hunting generation radiator outlet water temperature is a temperature at which hunting may occur when the thermostat is opened.
- step S6 the controller 5 determines whether or not the radiator outlet water temperature is equal to or lower than the hunting occurrence radiator outlet water temperature. If the radiator outlet water temperature is equal to or lower than the hunting generation outlet water temperature, the controller 5 performs the process of step S7. On the other hand, if the radiator outlet water temperature is higher than the hunting occurrence radiator outlet water temperature, the process of step S8 is performed.
- step S7 the controller 5 determines whether the temperature of the cooling water mixed in the thermostat 44, that is, the stack inlet water temperature is within a predetermined range. Specifically, the stack inlet water temperature is higher than the temperature obtained by subtracting the first predetermined temperature ⁇ from the thermostat valve opening temperature (hereinafter referred to as “increase start temperature”), and the second predetermined temperature is set to the predetermined thermostat valve closing temperature. It is determined whether the temperature is lower than the temperature obtained by adding ⁇ (hereinafter referred to as “the increase end temperature”). A method of setting the first predetermined temperature ⁇ and the second predetermined temperature ⁇ will be described later with reference to FIG. If the stack inlet water temperature does not fall within the predetermined range, the controller 5 performs the process of step S8. On the other hand, if the stack inlet water temperature is within the predetermined range, the process of step S10 is performed.
- step S8 the controller 5 sets the basic pump flow rate as the target pump flow rate. This is because if the radiator outlet water temperature is higher than the hunting generation radiator outlet water temperature, hunting may not occur without increasing the pump flow rate. In addition, if the pump flow rate is increased before the increase start temperature, the system efficiency and warm-up performance of the fuel cell system 100 are deteriorated.
- step S9 the controller 5 controls the circulation pump so that the pump flow rate becomes the target pump flow rate.
- step S10 the controller 5 refers to a table of FIG. 7 described later, and calculates a pump flow rate at which hunting does not occur (hereinafter referred to as “hunting avoidance pump flow rate”) based on the radiator outlet water temperature.
- a pump flow rate at which hunting does not occur hereinafter referred to as “hunting avoidance pump flow rate”
- step S11 the controller 5 sets the hunting avoidance pump flow rate as the target pump flow rate, and performs correction to increase the pump flow rate beyond the basic pump flow rate.
- FIG. 3 is a table for calculating the target stack outlet water temperature based on the stack load.
- the target stack outlet water temperature is basically set to be equal to or higher than the thermostat valve opening temperature, and is set to increase as the stack load increases.
- the target stack outlet water temperature is increased as the stack load increases so that the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane is kept constant.
- Increasing the target stack outlet water temperature increases the proportion of the generated water that is generated as water vapor and discharged as cathode offgas in the generated water generated inside the fuel cell stack 1, so that the water content of the electrolyte membrane is constant. Can be kept in.
- FIG. 4 is a table for calculating the basic pump flow rate based on the difference temperature between the stack outlet water temperature and the target stack outlet water temperature.
- the pump flow rate is set to the minimum flow rate.
- the differential temperature between the stack outlet water temperature and the target stack outlet water temperature is a positive value, that is, when the stack outlet water temperature is higher than the target stack outlet water temperature, the stack outlet water temperature needs to be lowered.
- the pump flow rate is set so as to increase with increasing.
- FIG. 5 is a table for calculating the hunting-generated radiator outlet water temperature based on the basic pump flow rate.
- the boundary line at which hunting occurs can be obtained in advance by experiment etc. from the radiator outlet water temperature and the pump flow rate.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method of setting the first predetermined temperature ⁇ and the second predetermined temperature ⁇ , and shows the relationship between the stack inlet temperature and the opening amount of the thermostat.
- the opening amount of the thermostat is different when going from the fully closed state to the fully open state and when going from the fully open state to the fully closed state.
- the thermostat has a characteristic when traveling from the fully closed state to the fully opened state (hereinafter referred to as “valve opening characteristic”) and a characteristic when traveling from the fully open state to the fully closed state (hereinafter referred to as “valve closing characteristic”). Is different.
- the first predetermined temperature ⁇ and the second predetermined temperature ⁇ are set in consideration of the valve opening characteristics and the valve closing characteristics of the thermostat, and the predetermined range is determined.
- the first predetermined temperature ⁇ is set in consideration of the valve opening characteristics of the thermostat so that the temperature at which the increase in the pump flow rate starts is slightly lower than the thermostat valve opening temperature, that is, the temperature at which the thermostat starts to open. Is done.
- the second predetermined temperature ⁇ takes into consideration the valve closing characteristic of the thermostat, and the thermostat valve closing temperature is such that the stack inlet water temperature does not return to the thermostat valve closing temperature even after completion of the increase correction of the pump flow rate. And a temperature higher than the thermostat valve opening temperature.
- FIG. 7 is a table for calculating the hunting avoidance pump flow rate based on the radiator outlet water temperature.
- This table is the same as that in FIG. 5, and uses a boundary line where hunting is obtained in advance through experiments etc. from the radiator outlet water temperature and the pump flow rate, and the hunting avoidance pump flow rate is determined based on the radiator outlet water temperature. Is to be calculated.
- the temperature of the cooling water in the thermostat 44 is determined.
- the pump flow rate was increased with respect to the basic pump flow rate when (stack inlet temperature) became higher than the increase start temperature.
- the increase start temperature is slightly lower than the thermostat valve opening temperature.
- the pump flow rate is increased immediately before the thermostat 44 is opened, and the flow rate of the cooling water flowing into the thermostat 44 via the bypass passage 43 can be increased.
- the flow rate of the cooling water flowing in the thermostat 44 is increased, so that the rapid decrease in the cooling water temperature in the thermostat 44 when the thermostat 44 is opened and the cooling water that has passed through the radiator 42 flows in is suppressed. Hunting can be suppressed.
- the radiator outlet water temperature is equal to or lower than the hunting occurrence radiator outlet water temperature.
- the hunting generation radiator outlet water temperature was changed based on the basic pump flow rate. Therefore, it is possible to accurately determine whether hunting may occur, and the pump flow rate is not increased unnecessarily. Therefore, the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved.
- the increase end temperature is set according to the valve closing characteristic of the thermostat 44 so that the stack inlet water temperature does not return to the thermostat valve close temperature even when the pump flow rate increase correction is completed. Set.
- the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the cathode pressure is lowered when the pump flow rate of the circulation pump 45 is increased.
- the difference will be mainly described.
- the same reference numerals are used for portions that perform the same functions as those of the first embodiment described above, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.
- the stack temperature increase rate decreases or the stack temperature decreases. Therefore, of the generated water generated inside the fuel cell stack 1, the ratio of the generated water that becomes steam and is discharged as the cathode offgas decreases, and the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane tends to increase.
- the cathode pressure is decreased to increase the proportion of the generated water that becomes steam and is discharged as cathode offgas.
- the cathode pressure is lowered from the normal time to set the operation state in which the electrolyte membrane is dried more than the normal time. Thereby, the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane can be kept constant.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating pump flow rate control of the circulation pump 45 according to the present embodiment.
- the controller 5 executes this routine at a predetermined calculation cycle (for example, 10 [ms]) during operation of the fuel cell system.
- step S1 to step S11 is the same as in the first embodiment.
- step S21 the controller 5 performs a cathode pressure correction process for correcting the cathode pressure.
- the cathode pressure correction process will be described later with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the cathode pressure correction process.
- step S211 the controller 5 refers to the table of FIG. 10 and calculates a basic value of the cathode pressure (hereinafter referred to as “basic cathode pressure”) based on the stack load.
- basic cathode pressure a basic value of the cathode pressure
- step S212 the controller 5 calculates a differential temperature between the target stack outlet water temperature (step S2) and the stack outlet water temperature detected by the first water temperature sensor 47.
- step S213 the controller 5 refers to the table in FIG. 11 and calculates a correction value for the cathode pressure based on the temperature difference between the target stack outlet water temperature and the stack outlet water temperature.
- the correction value of the cathode pressure is set so as to decrease as the temperature difference between the target stack outlet water temperature and the stack outlet water temperature increases.
- the setting is made when the stack outlet water temperature is lower than the target stack outlet water temperature when the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is relatively low. The higher the temperature difference, the more water content of the electrolyte membrane. This is because the rate increases.
- step S214 the controller 5 calculates the target cathode pressure by adding the correction values of the basic cathode pressure and the cathode pressure.
- step S215 the controller 5 controls the opening of the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 so that the cathode pressure becomes the target cathode pressure.
- the cathode pressure is decreased. That is, when the pump flow rate of the circulation pump 45 is increased from the basic pump flow rate, the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane tends to increase, and therefore, the cathode pressure is lowered than usual and the electrolyte membrane is dried. did. As a result, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and even when the stack flow temperature tends to decrease by increasing the pump flow rate, the ratio of the generated water that is discharged as cathode offgas as water vapor decreases. Therefore, the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane can be kept constant.
- the third embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that the cathode gas flow rate is increased when the pump flow rate of the circulation pump 45 is increased.
- the difference will be mainly described.
- the same reference numerals are used for portions that perform the same functions as those of the first embodiment described above, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.
- the amount of water vapor discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 is increased by increasing the flow rate of the cathode gas. That is, when the pump flow rate of the circulation pump 45 is increased from the basic pump flow rate, the cathode gas flow rate is increased from the normal time to set the operation state in which the electrolyte membrane is dried more than normal. Thereby, the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane can be kept constant.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating pump flow rate control of the circulation pump 45 according to this embodiment.
- the controller 5 executes this routine at a predetermined calculation cycle (for example, 10 [ms]) during operation of the fuel cell system.
- step S1 to step S11 is the same as in the first embodiment.
- step S31 the controller 5 performs a cathode flow rate correction process for correcting the flow rate of the cathode gas.
- the cathode flow rate correction processing will be described later with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining the cathode flow rate correction process.
- step S311 the controller 5 refers to the table of FIG. 14 and calculates a basic value of the flow rate of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as “basic cathode gas flow rate”) based on the stack load. .
- step S312 the controller 5 calculates a temperature difference between the target stack outlet water temperature (step S2) and the stack outlet water temperature detected by the first water temperature sensor 47.
- step S313 the controller 5 refers to the table in FIG. 15 and calculates a correction value for the cathode gas flow rate based on the temperature difference between the target stack outlet water temperature and the stack outlet water temperature. As shown in FIG. 15, the correction value of the cathode gas flow rate is set so as to increase as the temperature difference between the target stack outlet water temperature and the stack outlet water temperature increases.
- step S314 the controller 5 calculates the target cathode gas flow rate by adding the correction value of the cathode gas flow rate to the basic cathode gas flow rate.
- step S315 the controller 5 controls the rotation speed of the cathode compressor 23 so that the cathode gas flow rate becomes the target cathode gas flow rate.
- the cathode gas flow rate is increased. That is, when the pump flow rate of the circulation pump 45 is increased from the basic pump flow rate, the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane tends to increase. Therefore, the cathode membrane flow rate is increased more than usual to dry the electrolyte membrane. It was. As a result, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the amount of generated water discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 can be increased even when the pump flow rate is increased and the stack temperature tends to decrease. Therefore, the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane can be kept constant.
- the cathode pressure and the cathode gas flow rate may be coordinated to keep the water content of the electrolyte membrane constant.
- the correction amount of pressure in the second embodiment and the correction amount of flow rate in the third embodiment are increased as the moisture content increases based on the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane. It may be made larger.
- the hunting generation radiator outlet water temperature is changed based on the basic pump flow rate.
- the hunting generation radiator temperature when the basic pump flow rate is the minimum flow rate may be set as a fixed value.
- the pump flow rate is controlled with reference to the target outlet water temperature shown in FIG. 3 based on the detected generated current.
- the pump flow rate may be controlled as follows. .
- the target internal resistance (internal impedance) of the fuel cell stack 1. This may be a single value set by experiment or the like in consideration of sub-zero start-up and power generation efficiency, or may be variable depending on the current and other conditions.
- the internal resistance of the fuel cell stack 1 is detected.
- the pump flow rate may be controlled based on the target internal resistance and the detected internal resistance. For example, if the detected value is larger than the target internal resistance, the wet state (moisture content) of the electrolyte membrane is on the dry side of the target. Therefore, the pump flow rate is increased to wet (humidify) the Reduce.
- the correction values for the cathode pressure and the cathode gas flow rate are calculated according to the difference between the target stack outlet water temperature and the stack outlet water temperature. You may calculate according to the average water temperature of inlet water temperature.
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Abstract
Description
燃料電池は電解質膜をアノード電極(燃料極)とカソード電極(酸化剤極)とによって挟み、アノード電極に水素を含有するアノードガス(燃料ガス)、カソード電極に酸素を含有するカソードガス(酸化剤ガス)を供給することによって発電する。アノード電極及びカソード電極の両電極において進行する電極反応は以下の通りである。
カソード電極 : 4H+ +4e- +O2 →2H2O …(2)
次に、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。本発明の第2実施形態は、循環ポンプ45のポンプ流量を増量させるときに、カソード圧を低下させる点で第1実施形態と相違する。以下、その相違点を中心に説明する。なお、以下に示す各実施形態では前述した第1実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を用いて重複する説明を適宜省略する。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態について説明する。本発明の第3実施形態は、循環ポンプ45のポンプ流量を増量させるときに、カソードガス流量を増加させる点で第1実施形態と相違する。以下、その相違点を中心に説明する。なお、以下に示す各実施形態では前述した第1実施形態と同様の機能を果たす部分には、同一の符号を用いて重複する説明を適宜省略する。
Claims (8)
- アノードガス及びカソードガスを燃料電池に供給して発電させる燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池を冷却する冷媒が循環する冷媒循環通路と、
前記冷媒循環通路に設けられ、冷媒を循環させるポンプと、
前記冷媒循環通路に設けられ、冷媒の熱を放出して冷媒を冷却する放熱部と、
前記放熱部を迂回するように前記冷媒循環通路に接続されるバイパス通路と、
前記放熱部を経由してきた低温冷媒と、前記放熱部を経由せずに前記バイパス通路を経由してきた高温冷媒と、が合流する合流部に設けられ、前記高温冷媒の温度が所定の開弁温度以上になると開いて前記高温冷媒に前記低温冷媒を合流させて、前記燃料電池に供給する開閉弁と、
前記燃料電池の状態に応じて、前記ポンプの基本吐出流量を算出する基本吐出流量算出手段と、
前記低温冷媒の温度が所定温度よりも低いときは、前記ポンプの吐出流量を前記基本吐出流量よりも増量させる吐出流量増量手段と、
を備える燃料電池システム。 - 前記吐出流量増量手段は、
前記低温冷媒の温度が低いときほど、前記ポンプの吐出流量を前記基本吐出流量よりも増量させる、
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記基本吐出流量が少ないときほど前記所定温度が高くなるように、前記基本吐出流量に基づいて前記所定温度を変化させる所定温度変化手段を備える、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記所定温度は、
前記ポンプの吐出流量を基本吐出流量に制御したときに、前記高温冷媒に前記低温冷媒を合流させると、前記開閉弁がハンチングする温度である、
請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記吐出流量増量手段は、
前記開閉弁を経由して前記燃料電池に供給される冷媒の温度が、前記開閉弁の開弁温度よりも低い所定の増量開始温度になったときに、前記ポンプの吐出流量の増量を開始する、
請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記吐出流量増量手段は、
前記開閉弁を経由して前記燃料電池に供給される冷媒の温度が、前記開閉弁の閉弁温度よりも高い所定の増量終了温度になったときに、前記ポンプの吐出流量の増量を終了する、
請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ポンプの吐出流量を前記基本吐出流量よりも増量させるときは、前記燃料電池内のカソードガス通路の圧力を低下させるカソード圧低下手段を備える、
請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ポンプの吐出流量を前記基本吐出流量よりも増量させるときは、カソードガスの供給流量を増量させるカソード流量増量手段を備える、
請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1つに記載の燃料電池システム。
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EP12828634.1A EP2752930B1 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2012-08-02 | Fuel cell system |
CN201280037980.1A CN103733407B (zh) | 2011-09-02 | 2012-08-02 | 燃料电池系统 |
CA2846003A CA2846003C (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2012-08-02 | Fuel cell system with pump flow control |
JP2013531188A JP5742946B2 (ja) | 2011-09-02 | 2012-08-02 | 燃料電池システム |
US14/342,167 US10873094B2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2012-08-02 | Fuel cell system |
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