WO2013024701A1 - α-オレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
α-オレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013024701A1 WO2013024701A1 PCT/JP2012/069511 JP2012069511W WO2013024701A1 WO 2013024701 A1 WO2013024701 A1 WO 2013024701A1 JP 2012069511 W JP2012069511 W JP 2012069511W WO 2013024701 A1 WO2013024701 A1 WO 2013024701A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- carbon atoms
- component
- olefin oligomer
- different
- Prior art date
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- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 13
- -1 furniture Substances 0.000 description 95
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 39
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical group CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000037048 polymerization activity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IKEJULKPLNDERZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].CC1=CC([Zr++])c2ccccc12 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CC1=CC([Zr++])c2ccccc12 IKEJULKPLNDERZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 3
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical group CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical group CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical class [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYUQWQRTDLVQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropylamine Chemical group NCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LYUQWQRTDLVQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical group C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenethylamine Chemical group NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018287 SbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical group CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- AEHWKBXBXYNPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfanylbenzene Chemical group CCSC1=CC=CC=C1 AEHWKBXBXYNPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-alpha-eicosene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTNMKCFFSXJRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylethenamine Chemical group C=CNC=C XTNMKCFFSXJRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHLUYCJZUXOUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C NHLUYCJZUXOUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 2
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl sulfide Chemical group C=CSC=C UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/26—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds
- C07C2/32—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/26—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds
- C07C2/32—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
- C07C2/34—Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
- B01J31/143—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of aluminium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
- B01J31/146—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron of boron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C11/02—Alkenes
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C11/21—Alkatrienes; Alkatetraenes; Other alkapolyenes
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- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/24—Catalytic processes with metals
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/20—Olefin oligomerisation or telomerisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/40—Complexes comprising metals of Group IV (IVA or IVB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/48—Zirconium
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- C07C2531/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
- C07C2531/14—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides of aluminium or boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- C07C2531/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups C07C2531/02 - C07C2531/24
- C07C2531/38—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups C07C2531/02 - C07C2531/24 of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ⁇ -olefin oligomer and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to an ⁇ -olefin oligomer useful as a wax component or a lubricating oil component and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polymer obtained by polymerizing a higher ⁇ -olefin having 10 or more carbon atoms using a metallocene catalyst, and in the examples, a catalyst using a racemic bibridged complex is used.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin polymer in which an ⁇ -olefin having 4 or more carbon atoms is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst, and in the examples, a meso-type bibridged complex having two different crosslinking groups A catalyst using is used.
- ⁇ -olefin oligomers have been produced using metallocene-based catalysts, but in the systems using conventional metallocene-based catalysts, the selectivity of the product is generally constant (Schulz-Flory). Distribution, see Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3), in the production of the low molecular weight region, a very low molecular weight, particularly a dimer is produced in large quantities, leading to an increase in the VOC (volatile organic compound) component, The solid oligomer has a problem that the dimer component causes stickiness. For example, when used as a wax component or a lubricating oil component, it is necessary to remove unnecessary ultra-low molecular weight components by distillation, and the yield of the product is reduced. However, it can be obtained by the methods described in Patent Documents 1 to 5. Further, the ⁇ -olefin oligomer is not sufficient for reducing the amount of the dimer component, and further performance improvement is desired.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polymer obtained by polymerizing a higher ⁇ -olefin having 10 or more carbon atoms using a metallocene-based catalyst.
- a catalyst using a racemic bibridged complex is disclosed. Although it is used, when a racemic metallocene complex is used, the molecular weight decreases when the reaction temperature is raised, but a low molecular weight product cannot be obtained because of high regularity.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin polymer in which an ⁇ -olefin having 4 or more carbon atoms is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst. In the examples, two different bridging groups (C / Si) are disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin polymer in which an ⁇ -olefin having 10 carbon atoms is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst. In the examples, a non-bridged metallocene catalyst is used. However, there is a problem that the dimer component amount is about 20% and the VOC (volatile organic compound) component is large.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin polymer in which an ⁇ -olefin having 10 or more carbon atoms is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst, and in the Examples, two different bridging groups (Et / Et) are disclosed. The catalyst using the meso-type bi-bridged complex having a) is used, but the amount of the trimer component is small compared to the amount of the dimer component, so that the VOC component is large.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin polymer in which an ⁇ -olefin having 5 or more carbon atoms is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst.
- non-crosslinked or crosslinked type, substituted or non-polymerized is disclosed.
- a catalyst using a substitution type catalyst is used, it is characterized in that the polymer ends are terminated with 2,1 bonds (including 7 mol% or more of 1,2-disubstituted compounds), and is structurally different from the present invention. Different.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides an ⁇ -olefin oligomer that does not follow the Schulz-Flory distribution, has a low trimming viscosity, has a large amount of trimer components, and a small amount of hexamer components, and a method for producing the same. It is for the purpose.
- the present invention relates to the following ⁇ -olefin oligomer and method for producing an ⁇ -olefin oligomer.
- ⁇ -olefin oligomer satisfying the following (1) to (6), (1)
- the trimer component ratio C3 (mass%) is larger than the theoretical value obtained by the SF distribution.
- the hexamer component ratio C6 (mass%) is smaller than the theoretical value obtained by the SF distribution.
- the 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity is 20 mm 2 / s or less.
- Y represents a Lewis base, and when there are a plurality of Y, the plurality of Y may be the same or different, and A and A ′ are a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A crosslinking group selected from a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, and a tin-containing group is shown, and A and A ′ are different from each other.
- m and n represent an integer of 1 or more, m and n are different from each other, and m + n is 3 or more.
- each R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a heteroatom-containing group. Represents a group selected from: The bond indicated by the broken line bridging group - (A) m -, - (A ') n - represents a bond with. ] 3.
- (A) a meso-type transition metal compound represented by the following formula (I), and (B) (B-1) reacting with the transition metal compound of the component (A) or a derivative thereof to form an ionic complex
- M represents a metal element of Groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table
- X represents a ⁇ -binding ligand, and when there are a plurality of X, the plurality of X are the same or different.
- Y represents a Lewis base, and when there are a plurality of Y, the plurality of Y may be the same or different, and A and A ′ are a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A crosslinking group selected from a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, and a tin-containing group is shown, and A and A ′ are different from each other.
- m and n represent an integer of 1 or more, m and n are different from each other, and m + n is 3 or more.
- each R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a heteroatom-containing group. Represents a group selected from: The bond indicated by the wavy line represents a bond with a bridging group — (A) m — or — (A ′) n —. ] 4).
- (A) a meso-type transition metal compound represented by the following formula (I), and (B) (B-1) reacting with the transition metal compound of the component (A) or a derivative thereof to form an ionic complex
- a method for producing an ⁇ -olefin oligomer characterized by using a polymerization catalyst containing a compound capable of being synthesized and (B-2) at least one component selected from aluminoxane, [In the formula (I), M represents a metal element of Groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table, X represents a ⁇ -binding ligand, and when there are a plurality of X, the plurality of X are the same or different.
- Y represents a Lewis base, and when there are a plurality of Y, the plurality of Y may be the same or different, and A and A ′ are a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A crosslinking group selected from a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, and a tin-containing group is shown, and A and A ′ are different from each other.
- m and n represent an integer of 1 or more, m and n are different from each other, and m + n is 3 or more.
- each R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a heteroatom-containing group. Represents a group selected from: The bond having a wavy line is bonded to a bridging group-(A) m -,-(A ') n- . ] 5. 5.
- a bridging group represented by — (A) m — is represented by the following formula (IV)
- a bridging group represented by — (A ′) n — is represented by the following formula (IV ′):
- An aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an amine-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom Represents ⁇ 20 halogen-containing groups.
- m and n are each independently an integer of 1 or more. ] 8).
- aluminoxane as the component (B-2) is a chain aluminoxane represented by the following formula (VII) and / or a cyclic aluminoxane represented by the following formula (VIII):
- VIII Production method of olefin oligomer, (In the formula, R 9 represents a hydrocarbon group or halogen atom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, w represents an average degree of polymerization, and is a number of 2 to 50. Note that each R 9 may be the same as each other. May be different), 9.
- a low-order ⁇ -olefin oligomer that does not follow the Schulz-Flory distribution, has a low viscosity, a large amount of trimer components, and a large amount of hexamer components, and a method for producing the same. .
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer according to the present invention satisfies the above conditions (1) to (6) and can be obtained by the method for producing an ⁇ -olefin oligomer according to the present invention described later.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention will be specifically described below including the conditions (1) to (6).
- Trimer component ratio C3 In the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention, the trimer component ratio C3 (unit: mass%) is larger than the theoretical value obtained by the Schulz-Flory distribution (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as SF distribution).
- each oligomer component (dimer, trimer, tetramer, etc.) in the total amount of oligomer is calculated from the chain growth probability ⁇ . be able to. Specifically, when the probability that an n-mer (n is an integer of 2 or more) in the polymerization reaction becomes an n + 1-mer is defined as a chain growth probability ⁇ , the n-mer does not become an n + 1-mer but is directly chain-transferred.
- the molar ratio of the n-mer component in the ⁇ -olefin oligomer composition is obtained from the following formula (1) based on the chain growth probability ⁇ .
- N-mer component molar ratio ⁇ (n ⁇ 2) ⁇ (1 ⁇ ) (1)
- n represents an integer of 2 or more.
- the chain growth probability ⁇ is defined to be calculated from the dimer component ratio C2 (unit: mass%).
- the mass of each n-mer component is represented by the following formula (i).
- each n-mer component ratio Cn (unit: mass%) is expressed by the following formula (I) because the above formula (i) is the numerator and the above formula (ii) is the denominator.
- the theoretical values of the trimer component ratio C3 and the hexamer component ratio C6 described later are based on the measured value of the dimer component ratio C2 of the ⁇ -olefin oligomer, and the chain growth probability ⁇ according to the above formula (I). Is calculated by the above formula (I) based on the obtained chain growth probability ⁇ and the target n value, and this is compared with the actually measured value of the ⁇ -olefin oligomer.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention has a trimer component ratio C3 larger than the amount determined by the Schulz-Flory distribution. Further, in the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention, C3 is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more larger than the theoretical value obtained by the SF distribution. When the trimer component ratio C3 does not satisfy the above-mentioned rule, the dimer component ratio C2 is excessive as compared with the trimer component ratio C3, and ⁇ - There arises a problem that an olefin oligomer cannot be obtained and a problem of environmental deterioration due to a decrease in productivity and an increase in waste.
- the dimer component becomes a component having 32 or more carbon atoms, and therefore it should be removed by an operation such as distillation. Is difficult and remains contained in the product. Therefore, when there are many dimer components, melting
- the hexamer component ratio C6 (unit: mass%) is smaller than the theoretical value obtained by the SF distribution.
- the above-mentioned n-mer component ratio Cn can be determined using, for example, gas chromatography (GC).
- kinematic viscosity ⁇ - olefin oligomer of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. were measured according to JIS K2283 is not more than 20 mm 2 / s, in the range of 2 ⁇ 20mm 2 / s More preferably, it is in the range of 3 to 15 mm 2 / s, and further preferably in the range of 4 to 10 mm 2 / s.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention has a mesotriad fraction [mm] measured by 13 C-NMR of 40 mol% or less, preferably 25 to 40 mol%, more preferably 30 to 40 mol%. More preferably, it is 32 to 38 mol%.
- the mesotriad fraction [mm] is more than 40 mol%, the low temperature characteristics are poor. Further, the mesotriad fraction [mm] is more preferably 25 mol% or more and less than 40 mol% in terms of low temperature characteristics.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention has 0.2 to 1.0 vinylidene groups per molecule, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 vinylidene groups per molecule. More preferably, it has 0.5 to 1.0 vinylidene groups per molecule.
- treatment such as secondary modification is possible, and it is particularly useful as a wax component.
- reaction conditions such as temperature and hydrogen amount may be adjusted.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention has an average carbon number of the monomer unit of 6 to 30, preferably 6 to 24, and more preferably 6 to 18.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention has a low degree of polymerization, and when the average carbon number is less than 6, it is difficult to form a liquid polymer, or the amount of VOC (volatile organic compound) component increases. Difficult to apply to oil applications. Moreover, when the said average carbon number exceeds 30, a monomer tends to become a solid and is inferior to a low-temperature characteristic.
- the average carbon number indicates the molar average carbon number of each monomer unit when two or more kinds of ⁇ -olefins are used as raw materials.
- the average carbon number of a copolymer obtained by using 1-hexene and 1-dodecene at a molar ratio of 1: 2 is 10.
- the ⁇ -olefin unit having 4 or more carbon atoms is preferably 100 mol%.
- monomer units other than ⁇ -olefin units having 4 or more carbon atoms include ⁇ -olefin units having 3 or less carbon atoms.
- the ⁇ -olefin having 4 or more carbon atoms is preferably an ⁇ -olefin having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, more preferably an ⁇ -olefin having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, for use as a lubricating oil. It may be copolymerized.
- an ⁇ -olefin having 16 or more carbon atoms it can be dealt with by making the average carbon number in the range of 6 to 14 by copolymerizing with an ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- ⁇ -olefin having 6 or more carbon atoms include 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-tetracocene, 1-hexacocene, 1-octacocene, 1-triacontene and the like can be used, and one or more of these can be used.
- an ⁇ -olefin oligomer useful as a lubricating oil component can be obtained by using these raw material monomers.
- the ⁇ -olefin may be a branched olefin.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention usually has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 9000 or less, preferably 100 to 9000, more preferably 300 to 7000, and particularly preferably 500 to 5000. .
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention usually has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 1.5 or less, preferably 1.0 to 1.5, more preferably 1.1 to 1.5. .
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention preferably has a viscosity index (VI) of 150 or more, more preferably 170 or more.
- a viscosity index (VI) of 150 or more, more preferably 170 or more.
- the proportion of the dimer component is preferably 60% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the proportion of the dimer component exceeds 60% by mass, a large amount of the dimer is produced, and therefore, there is a problem that an ⁇ -olefin oligomer suitable for the intended use cannot be obtained even if purification treatment is performed after production. The problem of environmental deterioration due to a decrease in productivity and an increase in waste occurs.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention further reduces the amount of dimer components, has a small molecular weight distribution value, and is close to a uniform composition, so that a product in the target viscosity region can be obtained.
- it since it has almost no performance-decreasing component, it is useful as a wax or lubricating oil component.
- the proportion of the dimer component can be determined using, for example, gas chromatography (GC).
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention is mainly useful as a wax component and a lubricating oil component, particularly a toner release agent and ink component, a resin modifier, an adhesive component, an adhesive component, a lubricating oil component, It is useful as an organic / inorganic composite material, a heat storage material, a fuel oil modifier such as light oil, an asphalt modifier, and a high-performance wax.
- cosmetics lipsticks, pomades, creams, eyebrows, eye shadows, tics, packs, shampoos, rinses
- medical osteointments, suppositories, emulsions, surgical dressings, poultices), stationery (crayons) , Crepes, pencils, carbon paper), for glazing (wood, furniture, leather, automobiles, paper, confectionery, textiles), for candles, skin cream, textile oils, confectionery materials, model materials, sculpture materials, leather finishing materials, Insulation material Wax paper, musical instruments, grafting wax printing, mold article manufacturing Fruit wax coating, various greases, ski wax, wax dyeing, polish, car wax, metalworking oil, rubber anti-aging agent, tire, adhesion Agent, processed paper, heat storage agent, agrochemical, fertilizer, abrasive (metal, stainless steel), oil lubricant (grease, mold release agent, paint), dental dental wax, fixed use (lens, embedding) It is useful as a component.
- the method for producing an ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention comprises (A) a meso-type transition metal compound represented by the following formula (I), and (B) (B-1) the transition metal compound of component (A) A polymerization catalyst containing at least one component selected from a compound capable of reacting with a derivative to form an ionic complex and (B-2) aluminoxane is used.
- M represents a metal element of Groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table
- X represents a ⁇ -binding ligand
- Y represents a Lewis base
- a and A ′ are a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a carbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, A crosslinking group selected from a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group, a silicon-containing group, a germanium-containing group, and a tin-containing group is shown, and A and A ′ are different from each other.
- n and n represent an integer of 1 or more, m and n are different from each other, and m + n is 3 or more.
- q is an integer of 1 to 5 and represents [(valence of M) ⁇ 2]
- r represents an integer of 0 to 3
- E is a group represented by the following formula (II), Two E's may be the same or different.
- One of m and n is preferably 1 and the other is an integer of 2 or more, and one is 1 and the other is 2 in particular.
- each R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a silicon-containing group or a heteroatom-containing group.
- specific examples of the metal elements of Groups 3 to 10 of the periodic table represented by M include titanium, zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, palladium, and Examples include lanthanoid metals.
- titanium, zirconium and hafnium are preferable from the viewpoint of olefin polymerization activity and the like, and zirconium is most preferable from the viewpoint of yield of terminal vinylidene group and catalytic activity.
- X represents a ⁇ -bonding ligand, and when there are a plurality of Xs, the plurality of Xs may be the same or different, and may be cross-linked with other X, E, or Y.
- Specific examples of X include a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an amide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon Examples thereof include silicon-containing groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, phosphide groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, sulfide groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and acyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom examples include a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, octyl group; vinyl group, propenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, etc.
- An arylalkyl group such as benzyl group, phenylethyl group, phenylpropyl group; phenyl group, tolyl group, dimethylphenyl group, trimethylphenyl group, ethylphenyl group, propylphenyl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group, methylnaphthyl group Group, anthracenyl group, aryl group such as phenanthonyl group, and the like.
- alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, and propyl group
- aryl groups such as phenyl group are preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkoxy groups such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and a butoxy group.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenoxy group, methylphenoxy group, and dimethylphenoxy group.
- Examples of the amide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include dimethylamide group, diethylamide group, dipropylamide group, dibutylamide group, dicyclohexylamide group, methylethylamide group, and other alkylamide groups, divinylamide group, and dipropenylamide group.
- Alkenylamide groups such as dicyclohexenylamide group; arylalkylamide groups such as dibenzylamide group, phenylethylamide group and phenylpropylamide group; arylamide groups such as diphenylamide group and dinaphthylamide group.
- Examples of the silicon-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include monohydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups such as methylsilyl group and phenylsilyl group; dihydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups such as dimethylsilyl group and diphenylsilyl group; trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, Trihydrocarbon-substituted silyl groups such as tripropylsilyl group, tricyclohexylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, dimethylphenylsilyl group, methyldiphenylsilyl group, tolylsilylsilyl group and trinaphthylsilyl group; hydrocarbons such as trimethylsilyl ether group Examples thereof include substituted silyl ether groups; silicon-substituted alkyl groups such as trimethylsilylmethyl group; silicon-substituted aryl groups such as trimethylsilylpheny
- Examples of the phosphide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include dimethyl phosphide group, diethyl phosphide group, dipropyl phosphide group, dibutyl phosphide group, dicyclohexyl phosphide group, and dioctyl phosphide group; An alkenyl phosphide group such as a fido group, a dipropenyl phosphide group and a dicyclohexenyl phosphide group; an arylalkyl phosphide group such as a dibenzyl phosphide group and a bis (phenylethylphenyl) phosphide group; a diphenyl phosphide group and a di Examples thereof include aryl phosphide groups such as a tolyl phosphide group and a dinaphthyl phosphide group.
- Examples of the sulfide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkyl sulfide groups such as methyl sulfide group, ethyl sulfide group, propyl sulfide group, butyl sulfide group, hexyl sulfide group, cyclohexyl sulfide group, octyl sulfide group; vinyl sulfide group, propenyl sulfide Group, alkenyl sulfide group such as cyclohexenyl sulfide group; arylalkyl sulfide group such as benzyl sulfide group, phenylethyl sulfide group, phenylpropyl sulfide group; phenyl sulfide group, tolyl sulfide group, dimethylphenyl sulfide group, trimethylphenyl sulfide group, E
- acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, valeryl group, palmitoyl group, stearoyl group, oleoyl group and other alkyl acyl groups, benzoyl group, toluoyl group, salicyloyl group, Examples thereof include arylacyl groups such as cinnamoyl group, naphthoyl group and phthaloyl group, and oxalyl group, malonyl group and succinyl group respectively derived from dicarboxylic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid and succinic acid.
- Y represents a Lewis base, and when there are a plurality of Y, the plurality of Y may be the same or different, and may be cross-linked with other Y, E, or X.
- Specific examples of the Lewis base of Y include amines, ethers, phosphines, thioethers and the like.
- amines having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, cyclohexylamine, methylethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, and dicyclohexylamine.
- Alkylamines such as vinylamine, propenylamine, cyclohexenylamine, divinylamine, dipropenylamine, dicyclohexenylamine, etc .; arylalkylamines such as phenylethylamine, phenylpropylamine; phenylamine, diphenylamine, dinaphthylamine, etc. Arylamine is mentioned.
- ethers include aliphatic single ether compounds such as methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, butyl ether, isobutyl ether, n-amyl ether, and isoamyl ether; methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, Aliphatic hybrid ether compounds such as methyl-n-amyl ether, methyl isoamyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl isopropyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, ethyl n-amyl ether, ethyl isoamyl ether; vinyl ether, allyl ether, methyl Aliphatic unsaturated ether compounds such as vinyl ether, methyl allyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, ethy
- phosphines include phosphines having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specifically, monohydrocarbon substituted phosphines such as methylphosphine, ethylphosphine, propylphosphine, butylphosphine, hexylphosphine, cyclohexylphosphine, octylphosphine; dimethylphosphine, diethylphosphine, dipropylphosphine, dibutylphosphine, dihexylphosphine, dicyclohexyl Dihydrocarbon-substituted phosphines such as phosphine and dioctylphosphine; alkylphosphines such as trihydrocarbylphosphine such as trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, tripropylphosphine, tributylphosphine, trihexyl
- the crosslinkable group represented by — (A) m — is preferably represented by the following formula (IV), and the crosslinkable group represented by — (A ′) n — is represented by the following formula ( IV ′) is preferred.
- B and B ′ each independently represent a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, or a tin atom
- R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom.
- An aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an amine-containing group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom Represents ⁇ 20 halogen-containing groups.
- m and n are each independently an integer of 1 or more.
- bridging group represented by-(A) m-and- (A ') n- include ethylene group, tetramethylethylene group, 1,2-cyclohexylene group, tetramethyldisylylene group, dimethyl group.
- examples thereof include a silylene methylene group, a dimethylsilylene isopropylidene group, and a tetramethyldiggermylene group.
- an ethylene group, and dimethylsilylene group is preferable, and more specifically, - represented by - (A) m - and - (A ') n Of the cross-linking groups, one is preferably an ethylene group and the other is preferably a dimethylsilylene group.
- a transition metal compound having a double bridged bisindenyl derivative represented by the following formula (III) as a ligand is preferable.
- the complex structure in the basic skeleton is a meso type having 1,1′- and 2,2′-crosslinked structures.
- M, — (A) m —, — (A ′) n —, R 2 , q and r are the same as in general formula (I).
- transition metal compound represented by the general formula (I) include (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-tetramethyldisilene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1′- Tetramethyldisilylene) (2,2′-ethylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1′-tetramethylethylene) (2,2′-tetramethyldisilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1′-tetramethyldisiylene) (2,2′-tetramethylethylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1′-dimethylsilylenemethylene) (2,2′-ethylene) -bis ( 3-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride, (1,1'-ethylene) (2,2'-dimethylsilylenemethylene) -bis 3-methylindenyl) zirconium dichloride,
- the component (B-1) of the component (B) is any compound that can form an ionic complex by reacting with the meso-type transition metal compound of the component (A) or a derivative thereof.
- L 1 is a Lewis base
- [Z] ⁇ is a non-coordinating anion [Z 1 ] ⁇ and [Z 2 ] ⁇
- [Z 1 ] ⁇ is a plurality of Anion in which the group is bonded to the element, that is, [M 1 G 1 G 2 ... G f ] ⁇ (where M 1 is an element of Group 5 to 15 of the periodic table, preferably Group 13 to 15 of the periodic table.
- G 1 to G f are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Two or more of .G 1 ⁇ G f indicating a good .f also form a ring is an integer of [(valence of central metal M 1) +1]), [Z 2] -.
- a Lewis base may be coordinated.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group or an arylalkyl group, and R 5 and R 6 are a cyclopentadienyl group and a substituted group, respectively.
- R 7 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group or an arylalkyl group.
- R 8 represents a macrocyclic ligand such as tetraphenylporphyrin or phthalocyanine.
- M 2 includes elements in groups 1 to 3, 11 to 13, and 17 of the periodic table, and M 3 represents elements in groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table. ] What is represented by these can be used conveniently.
- L 1 examples include ammonia, methylamine, aniline, dimethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylaniline, diphenylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, methyldiphenylamine, Amines such as pyridine, p-bromo-N, N-dimethylaniline, p-nitro-N, N-dimethylaniline, phosphines such as triethylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, diphenylphosphine, thioethers such as tetrahydrothiophene, benzoic acid Examples thereof include esters such as ethyl acid, and nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile.
- R 4 examples include hydrogen, methyl group, ethyl group, benzyl group, and trityl group.
- R 5 and R 6 include cyclopentadienyl group and methylcyclopentadienyl group. , Ethylcyclopentadienyl group, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group, and the like.
- R 7 examples include a phenyl group, p- tolyl group, p- etc. methoxyphenyl group can be mentioned, as specific examples of R 8 may include tetraphenylporphyrin, phthalocyanine, allyl, methallyl .
- M 2 include Li, Na, K, Ag, Cu, Br, I, and I 3
- M 3 include Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn. And so on.
- [Z 1 ] ⁇ that is, [M 1 G 1 G 2 ... G f ]
- specific examples of M 1 include B, Al, Si, P, As, Sb, etc., preferably B and Al.
- G 1 and G 2 to G f include a dimethylamino group and a diethylamino group as a dialkylamino group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-butoxy group and a phenoxy group as an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group.
- Hydrocarbon groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-octyl, n-eicosyl, phenyl, p-tolyl, benzyl, 4-t -Butylphenyl group, 3,5-dimethylphenyl group, etc., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine as halogen atoms, p-fluorophenyl group, 3,5-difluorophenyl group, pentachlorophenyl group as heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon groups, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl group, pentafluorophenyl group, 3,5-bis (trifluoro Romechiru) phenyl group, such as bis (trimethylsilyl) methyl group, pentamethyl antimony group as organic metalloid group, trimethylsilyl group, trimethylgermyl group, diphenylarsine group, di
- Noncoordinating anions i.e. pKa of -10 or less Bronsted acid alone or Bronsted acid and Lewis acid combined conjugate base [Z 2] -
- Examples of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anion (CF 3 SO 3 ) ⁇ bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methyl anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) benzyl anion, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide, perchlorate anion (ClO 4 ) ⁇ , trifluoroacetate anion (CF 3 CO 2 ) ⁇ , Hexafluoroantimony anion (SbF 6 ) ⁇ , fluorosulfonic acid anion (FSO 3 ) ⁇ , chlorosulfonic acid anion (ClSO 3 ) ⁇ , fluorosulfonic acid anion / 5-antimony fluoride (FSO 3 / SbF 5 ) -
- ionic compound that reacts with the transition metal compound of component (A) or a derivative thereof to form an ionic complex, ie, component (B-1), include triethylammonium tetraphenylborate. , Tri-n-butylammonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylammonium tetraphenylborate, tetraethylammonium tetraphenylborate, methyl (tri-n-butyl) ammonium tetraphenylborate, benzyl (tri-n-butyl) ammonium tetraphenylborate, dimethyl Diphenylammonium tetraphenylborate, triphenyl (methyl) ammonium tetraphenylborate, trimethylanilinium tetraphenylborate, methylpyridinium tetraphenylborate, Zirpyridinium tetraphenylborate.
- R 9 is 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably represents an alkyl group of 1 to 12, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a hydrocarbon group or a halogen atom such as an aryl group, w is represents an average degree of polymerization, Usually a number of 2 to 50, preferably 2 to 40, wherein each R 9 may be the same or different, and a chain aluminoxane represented by the general formula (VIII):
- Examples of the method for producing the aluminoxane include a method in which an alkylaluminum is brought into contact with a condensing agent such as water, but the means is not particularly limited and may be reacted according to a known method.
- a method in which an organoaluminum compound is dissolved in an organic solvent and brought into contact with water (2) a method in which an organoaluminum compound is initially added during polymerization, and water is added later, (3) Crystal water contained in metal salts, etc., a method of reacting water adsorbed on inorganic or organic materials with an organoaluminum compound, (4) a method of reacting a tetraalkyldialuminoxane with a trialkylaluminum and further reacting with water is there.
- the aluminoxane may be insoluble in toluene. These aluminoxanes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the use ratio of (A) catalyst component to (B) catalyst component is preferably 10: 1 to 1: 100 in terms of molar ratio when (B-1) compound is used as (B) catalyst component.
- the range of 2: 1 to 1:10 is desirable, and if it deviates from the above range, the catalyst cost per unit mass polymer becomes high, which is not practical.
- the molar ratio is preferably in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 1000000, more preferably 1:10 to 1: 10000. When deviating from this range, the catalyst cost per unit mass polymer becomes high, which is not practical.
- the catalyst component (B), (B-1) and (B-2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerization catalyst for producing the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention can use an organoaluminum compound as the component (C) in addition to the components (A) and (B).
- an organoaluminum compound of the component (C) the general formula (IX) R 10 v AlJ 3-v (IX) [Wherein R 10 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, J represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom, and v represents 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Which is an integer].
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (IX) include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, dimethylaluminum fluoride. , Diisobutylaluminum hydride, diethylaluminum hydride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride and the like.
- an organoaluminum compound to which a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms is bonded is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent high-temperature stability, and a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable from this viewpoint. More preferably, when the reaction temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the above organoaluminum compounds may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the use ratio of the catalyst component (A) to the catalyst component (C) is preferably 1: 1 to 1: 10000, more preferably 1: 5 to 1: 2000, still more preferably 1:10 to 1 in terms of molar ratio. : The range of 1000 is desirable.
- At least one of the catalyst components can be supported on a suitable carrier and used.
- the type of the carrier is not particularly limited, and any of inorganic oxide carriers, other inorganic carriers, and organic carriers can be used. In particular, inorganic oxide carriers or other inorganic carriers are preferable.
- the inorganic oxide carrier examples include SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, ZnO, BaO, ThO 2 and mixtures thereof.
- examples thereof include silica alumina, zeolite, ferrite, and glass fiber. Of these, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are particularly preferable.
- the inorganic oxide carrier may contain a small amount of carbonate, nitrate, sulfate and the like.
- a magnesium compound represented by the general formula MgR 11 x X 1 y typified by MgCl 2 , Mg (OC 2 H 5 ) 2 or the like, or a complex salt thereof can be used.
- R 11 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms
- X 1 represents a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- x is 0 to 2
- y is 0 to 2
- x + y 2.
- Each R 11 and each X 1 may be the same or different.
- the organic carrier examples include polymers such as polystyrene, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, polyethylene, poly 1-butene, substituted polystyrene, polyarylate, starch, and carbon.
- the catalyst carrier used in the production of the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention MgCl 2 , MgCl (OC 2 H 5 ), Mg (OC 2 H 5 ) 2 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and the like are preferable.
- the properties of the carrier vary depending on the type and production method, but the average particle size is usually 1 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area of the carrier is usually 1 ⁇ 1000m 2 / g, preferably 50 ⁇ 500m 2 / g, pore volume is usually 0.1 ⁇ 5cm 3 / g, preferably 0.3 ⁇ 3cm 3 / g is there. When either the specific surface area or the pore volume deviates from the above range, the catalytic activity may be lowered.
- the specific surface area and pore volume can be determined, for example, from the volume of nitrogen gas adsorbed according to the BET method [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309 (1983)].
- the carrier is an inorganic oxide carrier
- the method for supporting at least one of the component (A) and the component (B) on the carrier is not particularly limited. For example, (1) at least one of the component (A) and the component (B) is mixed with the carrier.
- Method (2) A method in which a support is treated with an organoaluminum compound or a halogen-containing silicon compound and then mixed with at least one of the component (A) and the component (B) in an inert solvent, (3) the support and (A) Method of reacting component and / or component (B) with organoaluminum compound or halogen-containing silicon compound, (4) (B) component or (A) after (A) component or (B) component is supported on a carrier ) A method of mixing with the component, (5) a method of mixing the contact reaction product of the component (A) with the component (B) with the carrier, and (6) a carrier during the contact reaction of the component (A) with the component (B). How to coexist It is possible to have.
- an organoaluminum compound as the component (C) can also be added.
- the catalyst obtained in this manner may be used for polymerization after removing the solvent once as a solid and may be used for polymerization as it is.
- the catalyst can be generated by carrying out the supporting operation of at least one of the component (A) and the component (B) on the carrier. For example, at least one of the component (A) and the component (B), a support, and, if necessary, the organoaluminum compound of the component (C) are added, and an olefin such as ethylene is added at normal pressure to 2 MPa (gauge), and -20 A method of preliminarily polymerizing at 200 ° C. for about 1 minute to 2 hours to produce catalyst particles can be used.
- the ratio of the component (B-1) to the support used in the catalyst used for the production of the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention is preferably 1: 5 to 1: 10000, more preferably 1:10 to 1: 1, in mass ratio.
- the ratio of the component (B-2) to the carrier is preferably 1: 0.5 to 1: 1000, more preferably 1: 1 to 1:50 by mass ratio. desirable.
- the ratio of the component (A) to the carrier used is preferably 1: 5 to 1: 10000, more preferably 1:10 to 1: 500 in terms of mass ratio.
- the average particle diameter of the polymerization catalyst thus prepared is usually 2 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 20 to 100 ⁇ m, and the specific surface area is usually 20 to 1000 m 2 / g, preferably 50-500 m 2 / g. If the average particle size is less than 2 ⁇ m, fine powder in the polymer may increase, and if it exceeds 200 ⁇ m, coarse particles in the polymer may increase.
- the activity may decrease, and when it exceeds 1000 m 2 / g, the bulk density of the polymer may decrease.
- the amount of transition metal in 100 g of the support is usually 0.05 to 10 g, particularly preferably 0.1 to 2 g. If the amount of transition metal is outside the above range, the activity may be lowered. In this way, a polymer having an industrially advantageous high bulk density and an excellent particle size distribution can be obtained by supporting it on a carrier.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and any method such as a slurry polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, or a suspension polymerization method may be used.
- a slurry polymerization method and a solution polymerization method are particularly preferable.
- the polymerization temperature is usually from 0 to 200 ° C., more preferably from 20 to 200 ° C., particularly preferably from 100 to 200 ° C.
- the ratio of the catalyst to the reaction raw material is preferably from 1 to 108, particularly preferably from 100 to 105, as the raw material monomer / the component (A) (molar ratio).
- the viscosity of the ⁇ -olefin oligomer is controlled by the reaction temperature, but may be controlled by thermal decomposition and peroxide decomposition of a high-viscosity ⁇ -olefin oligomer synthesized in advance.
- the polymerization time is usually 5 minutes to 30 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 25 hours.
- the hydrogen pressure is preferably normal pressure to 10 MPa (gauge), preferably normal pressure to 5.0 MPa (gauge). More preferably, the pressure is from normal pressure to 1.0 MPa (gauge).
- a polymerization solvent for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and decalin, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane, aliphatics such as pentane, hexane, heptane and octane Hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane can be used. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, it can carry out without a solvent depending on the polymerization method.
- a polymerization catalyst may be prepared by performing preliminary polymerization.
- the prepolymerization can be performed, for example, by bringing a small amount of olefin into contact with the catalyst component, but the method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the olefin used for the prepolymerization is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include (D) ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof. The same olefin as that used in the polymerization may be used. Is advantageous.
- the prepolymerization include preparing a polymerization catalyst by previously contacting (A) component, (B) component and (D) an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or (A) component, (B There is an example in which a polymerization catalyst is prepared by previously contacting a component (C) and a component (C) and (D) an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the prepolymerization temperature is usually ⁇ 20 to 200 ° C., preferably ⁇ 10 to 130 ° C., more preferably 0 to 80 ° C.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, monomer or the like can be used as a solvent.
- the prepolymerization may be carried out without a solvent.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (measured in 135 ° C. decalin) of the prepolymerized product is 0.1 deciliter / g or more, and the amount of the prepolymerized product per 1 mmol of the transition metal component in the catalyst is 1. It is desirable to adjust the conditions so as to be ⁇ 10000 g, particularly 10 to 1000 g.
- Methods for changing the characteristics of the ⁇ -olefin oligomer include selection of the type of catalyst component, amount used, polymerization temperature, and polymerization in the presence of hydrogen. An inert gas such as nitrogen may be present. In the production method of the present invention, when the reaction is carried out at a high temperature, the degree of polymerization tends to decrease, and when a monomer having a small carbon number is used, the degree of polymerization tends to increase.
- [Mesotriad fraction [mm]] It was determined using 13 C-NMR by the method described in [Macromolecules 24, 2334 (1991); Polymer, 30, 1350 (1989)].
- [Amount of vinylidene group] The number of terminal vinylidene groups was determined by 1 H-NMR measurement as follows according to a conventional method. Based on the ratio of the side chain methyl group appearing at ⁇ 0.8 to 1.0 and the vinylidene group appearing at ⁇ 4.8 to 4.6 (2H) obtained from 1 H-NMR measurement, the vinylidene group The content (C) (mol%) was calculated.
- Example 1 reaction by preactivation at 50 ° C. and hydrogen pressure of 0.15 MPa
- Example 2 (Sequential reaction at 50 ° C. and hydrogen pressure of 0.15 MPa) In a 1 liter autoclave dried by heating, 400 ml of 1-decene, 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-dimethylsilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, 2 ⁇ mol, dimethylaniline Nitrokispentafluorophenylborate 8 micromol was added, and hydrogen 0.15 MPa was further introduced. After polymerization for 5 hours at 50 ° C. with stirring, an ⁇ -olefin oligomer was obtained. The obtained reaction solution was treated as described in Example 1, and then physical properties were measured.
- Example 3 (Sequential reaction under 90 ° C. and hydrogen pressure 0.15 MPa) In a 1 liter autoclave dried by heating, 400 ml of 1-decene, 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-dimethylsilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, 2 ⁇ mol, dimethylaniline Nitrokispentafluorophenylborate 8 micromol was added, and hydrogen 0.15 MPa was further introduced. After polymerization for 5 hours at 90 ° C. with stirring, an ⁇ -olefin oligomer was obtained. The obtained reaction solution was treated as described in Example 1, and then physical properties were measured.
- Example 4 (Sequential reaction under 120 ° C. and hydrogen pressure 0.15 MPa) In a 1 liter autoclave dried by heating, 400 ml of 1-decene, 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-dimethylsilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, 2 ⁇ mol, dimethylaniline Nitrokispentafluorophenylborate 8 micromol was added, and hydrogen 0.15 MPa was further introduced. After polymerization for 5 hours at 120 ° C. with stirring, an ⁇ -olefin oligomer was obtained. The obtained reaction solution was treated as described in Example 1, and then physical properties were measured.
- Example 5 (Sequential reaction at 50 ° C. under a hydrogen pressure of 0.05 MPa) In a 1 liter autoclave dried by heating, 400 ml of 1-decene, 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-dimethylsilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, 2 ⁇ mol, dimethylaniline 8 ⁇ mol of tetrakispentafluorophenyl borate was added, and 0.05 MPa of hydrogen was further introduced. After polymerization for 5 hours at 50 ° C. with stirring, an ⁇ -olefin oligomer was obtained. The obtained reaction solution was treated as described in Example 1, and then physical properties were measured.
- Example 6 (Sequential reaction under 50 ° C. and hydrogen pressure of 0.30 MPa) In a 1 liter autoclave dried by heating, 400 ml of 1-decene, 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, (1,1′-ethylene) (2,2′-dimethylsilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, 2 ⁇ mol, dimethylaniline Nitrokispentafluorophenylborate 8 micromol was added and hydrogen 0.30 MPa was further introduced. After polymerization for 5 hours at 50 ° C. with stirring, an ⁇ -olefin oligomer was obtained. The obtained reaction solution was treated as described in Example 1, and then physical properties were measured.
- Comparative Example 1 (Sequential reaction under 80 ° C. and hydrogen pressure 0.15 MPa) In a heat-dried 1 liter autoclave, 400 ml of 1-decene, 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, (1,1′-methylene) (2,2′-dimethylsilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, 2 ⁇ mol, dimethylaniline Nitrokispentafluorophenylborate 8 micromol was added, and hydrogen 0.15 MPa was further introduced. After polymerization for 5 hours at 80 ° C. with stirring, an ⁇ -olefin oligomer was obtained. The obtained reaction solution was treated as described in Example 1, and then physical properties were measured.
- Comparative Example 2 (Sequential reaction under 50 ° C. and hydrogen pressure of 0.05 MPa) In a heat-dried 1 liter autoclave, 400 ml of 1-decene, 1 mmol of triisobutylaluminum, (1,1′-methylene) (2,2′-dimethylsilylene) -bis (indenyl) zirconium dichloride, 2 ⁇ mol, dimethylaniline 8 ⁇ mol of tetrakispentafluorophenyl borate was added, and 0.05 MPa of hydrogen was further introduced. After polymerization for 5 hours at 50 ° C. with stirring, an ⁇ -olefin oligomer was obtained. The obtained reaction solution was treated as described in Example 1, and then physical properties were measured.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the ⁇ -olefin oligomers obtained in the above examples and comparative examples.
- an ⁇ -olefin oligomer having a large amount of trimer components and a method for producing the same without following the Schulz-Flory distribution.
- the ⁇ -olefin oligomer of the present invention is useful as a wax component or a lubricating oil component.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2は、メタロセン系触媒を使用して炭素数4以上のα-オレフィンを重合させるα-オレフィン重合体の製造方法を開示しており、実施例においては2つの異なる架橋基(C/Si)を有するメソ型二架橋錯体を用いた触媒が使用されているが、動粘度の低いものは得られていない。
特許文献3は、メタロセン系触媒を使用して炭素数10のα-オレフィンを重合させるα-オレフィン重合体の製造方法を開示しており、実施例においては非架橋型メタロセン触媒が使用されているが、二量体成分量が20%程度あり、VOC(揮発性有機化合物)成分が多いという問題がある。
特許文献4は、メタロセン系触媒を使用して炭素数10以上のα-オレフィンを重合させるα-オレフィン重合体の製造方法を開示しており、実施例においては2つの異なる架橋基(Et/Et)を有するメソ型二架橋錯体を用いた触媒が使用されているが、二量体成分量に比して三量体成分量が少ないため、VOC成分が多い。
特許文献5は、メタロセン系触媒を使用して炭素数5以上のα-オレフィンを重合させるα-オレフィン重合体の製造方法を開示しており、実施例においては非架橋または架橋型、置換または非置換型触媒を用いた触媒が使用されているが、ポリマー末端が2,1結合で停止する(1,2-二置換体を7mol%以上含む)ことを特徴としており、本願発明とは構造的に異なる。
すなわち本発明は、以下のα-オレフィンオリゴマーおよびα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法に関するものである。
1.下記(1)~(6)を満たすα-オレフィンオリゴマー、
(1)三量体成分比率C3(質量%)が、S-F分布により求められる理論値よりも大きい。
(2)六量体成分比率C6(質量%)が、S-F分布により求められる理論値よりも小さい。
(3)100℃動粘度が20mm2/s以下である。
(4)13C-NMRで測定されるメソトリアッド分率[mm]が40mol%以下である。
(5)ビニリデン基を1分子当り0.2~1.0個有する。
(6)モノマー単位の平均炭素数が6~30である。
ここで、上記S-F分布は、二量体成分比率C2(質量%)より算出される連鎖成長確率αに基づいて算出される。
2.(A)下記式(I)で表されるメソ型遷移金属化合物、
3.(A)下記式(I)で表されるメソ型遷移金属化合物、及び(B)(B-1)該(A)成分の遷移金属化合物又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物及び(B-2)アルミノキサンから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の成分を含有する重合用触媒を用いて得られる上記1に記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマー、
4.(A)下記式(I)で表されるメソ型遷移金属化合物、及び(B)(B-1)該(A)成分の遷移金属化合物又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物及び(B-2)アルミノキサンから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の成分を含有する重合用触媒を用いることを特徴とするα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法、
5.前記重合用触媒として、少なくとも前記(A)成分及び(B)成分、並びに(C)有機アルミニウムを予め接触させたものを使用する、上記4に記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法、
6.前記重合用触媒として、少なくとも前記(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分及び(D)炭素数3~18のα-オレフィンを予め接触させたものを使用する、上記5に記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法、
7.前記式(I)において、-(A)m-で表される架橋基が下記式(IV)で表され、-(A’)n-で表される架橋基が下記式(IV’)で表される上記4~6のいずれかに記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法、
8.(B-2)成分のアルミノキサンが、下記式(VII)で表される鎖状アルミノキサン及び/又は下記式(VIII)で表される環状アルミノキサンである上記4~7のいずれかに記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法、
9.40~200℃の温度で反応させる上記4~8のいずれかに記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法、及び
10.常圧~10MPa(G)の範囲の水素圧で反応させる上記4~9のいずれかに記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法、
を提供する。
本発明に係るα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、上述の(1)~(6)の条件を満たすものであり、後述の本発明に係るα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法により得ることができる。
以下、(1)~(6)の各条件を含め、本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーについて具体的に説明する。
(1)三量体成分比率C3
本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、三量体成分比率C3(単位:質量%)がSchulz-Flory分布(以下、S-F分布と略記することがある。)により求められる理論値よりも大きい。
従来のSchulz-Flory分布に従うα-オレフィン重合体においては、オリゴマー全量に占める各オリゴマー成分(二量体、三量体、四量体等)量は、連鎖成長確率αよりその理論値を算出することができる。具体的には、重合反応中のn量体(nは2以上の整数)がn+1量体になる確率を連鎖成長確率αとした場合、n量体がn+1量体にならずにそのまま連鎖移動(重合停止)する確率は(1-α)で表されるため、α-オレフィンオリゴマー組成物におけるn量体成分のモル比は、連鎖成長確率αに基づき、下記式(1)より求められる。
(n量体成分モル比)=α(n-2)×(1-α) (1)
(式中、nは2以上の整数を表す。)
また、上記連鎖成長確率αは、二量体成分比率C2(単位:質量%)より算出されるものと定義される。
ここで、α-オレフィンオリゴマー単量体単位の分子量をmとすると、各n量体成分の質量は下記式(i)で表される。
(n量体成分質量)=n×m×α(n-2)×(1-α) (i)
同様に、各量体成分の質量の総和(α-オレフィンオリゴマーの質量)は、下記式(ii)で表される。
さらに本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、C3がS-F分布により求められる理論値より5%以上大きいことが好ましく、10%以上大きいことがより好ましい。
三量体成分比率C3が上記規定を満たさない場合、三量体成分比率C3に比して二量体成分比率C2が過大であり、製造後に精製処理を施しても目的の用途に適するα-オレフィンオリゴマーが得られないという問題や、生産性の低下や廃棄物の増加による環境悪化の問題が生じる。また、例えば炭素数16以上のα-オレフィンオリゴマーにおいては二量体成分が多く含まれている場合、二量体成分は炭素数が32以上の成分になることから蒸留等の操作で除去することは困難であり、製品中に含まれたままになる。そのため、二量体成分が多いと融点降下が起こり、融点分布が広がることからべたつき成分が多くなるなどの不具合が生じる。
本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、六量体成分比率C6(単位:質量%)が、S-F分布により求められる理論値よりも小さい。
上述のn量体成分比率Cnは、例えばガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)を用いて求めることができる。
本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、JIS K2283に準拠して測定した100℃における動粘度が20mm2/s以下であり、2~20mm2/sの範囲であることが好ましく、より好ましくは3~15mm2/sの範囲、さらに好ましくは4~10mm2/sの範囲である。
100℃における動粘度が2mm2/s以上であるとVOC(揮発性有機化合物)成分が少なく、また20mm2/s以下であると、潤滑油用途に用いた場合、粘性抵抗による動力損失が抑制され、燃費改善効果が得られる。
本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、13C-NMRで測定されるメソトリアッド分率[mm]が40mol%以下であり、好ましくは25~40モル%であり、より好ましくは30~40モル%であり、さらに好ましくは32~38モル%である。メソトリアッド分率[mm]が40モル%超であると、低温特性に劣る。また、メソトリアッド分率[mm]が25モル%以上でかつ40モル%未満であると、低温特性の点でより好ましい。
本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、ビニリデン基を1分子当り0.2~1.0個有するものであり、好ましくはビニリデン基を1分子当り0.3~1.0個有するものであり、より好ましくはビニリデン基を1分子当り0.5~1.0個有するものである。上記範囲内であることで、極性が必要な場合は2次変性等の処理が可能であり、特にワックス成分として有用である。ビニリデン基数を上記範囲内にするためには温度や水素量等の反応条件を調節すればよい。
本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、モノマー単位の平均炭素数が6~30であり、6~24であることが好ましく、6~18であることがより好ましい。本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは重合度が低いものであり、上記平均炭素数が6未満である場合には液状重合体になりにくかったり、VOC(揮発性有機化合物)成分が多くなるため、潤滑油用途への適用が難しい。また、上記平均炭素数が30を超える場合、モノマーが固体になりやすく、低温特性に劣る。
なお、上記平均炭素数とは、二種以上のα-オレフィンを原料として用いる場合には、各モノマー単位のモル平均炭素数を示し、一種のα-オレフィンのみを原料として用いる場合は、このα-オレフィンの炭素数を指す。例えば、1-ヘキセンと1-ドデセンを1:2のモル比で用いて得られる共重合体の平均炭素数は10となる。
また、本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーは、通常、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が1.5以下であり、好ましくは1.0~1.5、より好ましくは1.1~1.5である。分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が1.5以下であることで組成分布が狭くなり、目的の性状を有する化合物の含有量が増加する。
なお、上記の重量平均分子量(Mw)、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、GPC法(ポリスチレン換算)により求めることができる。
上記の二量体成分の割合は、例えばガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)を用いて求めることができる。
本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法は、(A)下記式(I)で表されるメソ型遷移金属化合物、及び(B)(B-1)該(A)成分の遷移金属化合物又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物及び(B-2)アルミノキサンから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の成分を含有する重合用触媒を用いることを特徴とする。
上記m及びnは、一方が1であって他方が2以上の整数であると好ましく、一方が1であって他方が2であると特に好ましい。
Xはσ結合性の配位子を示し、Xが複数ある場合、複数のXは同じでも異なっていてもよく、他のX,E又はYと架橋していてもよい。このXの具体例としては、ハロゲン原子,炭素数1~20の炭化水素基,炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基,炭素数6~20のアリールオキシ基,炭素数1~20のアミド基,炭素数1~20の珪素含有基,炭素数1~20のホスフィド基,炭素数1~20のスルフィド基,炭素数1~20のアシル基などが挙げられる。
炭素数1~20の炭化水素基として具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、シクロヘキシル基、オクチル基などのアルキル基;ビニル基、プロペニル基、シクロヘキセニル基などのアルケニル基;ベンジル基、フェニルエチル基、フェニルプロピル基などのアリールアルキル基;フェニル基、トリル基、ジメチルフェニル基、トリメチルフェニル基、エチルフェニル基、プロピルフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ナフチル基、メチルナフチル基、アントラセニル基、フェナントニル基などのアリール基などが挙げられる。なかでもメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基などのアルキル基やフェニル基などのアリール基が好ましい。
炭素数1~20のアミド基としては、ジメチルアミド基、ジエチルアミド基、ジプロピルアミド基、ジブチルアミド基、ジシクロヘキシルアミド基、メチルエチルアミド基等のアルキルアミド基や、ジビニルアミド基、ジプロペニルアミド基、ジシクロヘキセニルアミド基などのアルケニルアミド基;ジベンジルアミド基、フェニルエチルアミド基、フェニルプロピルアミド基などのアリールアルキルアミド基;ジフェニルアミド基、ジナフチルアミド基などのアリールアミド基が挙げられる。
炭素数1~20の珪素含有基としては、メチルシリル基、フェニルシリル基などのモノ炭化水素置換シリル基;ジメチルシリル基、ジフェニルシリル基などのジ炭化水素置換シリル基;トリメチルシリル基、トリエチルシリル基、トリプロピルシリル基、トリシクロヘキシルシリル基、トリフェニルシリル基、ジメチルフェニルシリル基、メチルジフェニルシリル基、トリトリルシリル基、トリナフチルシリル基などのトリ炭化水素置換シリル基;トリメチルシリルエーテル基などの炭化水素置換シリルエーテル基;トリメチルシリルメチル基などの珪素置換アルキル基;トリメチルシリルフェニル基などの珪素置換アリール基などが挙げられる。なかでもトリメチルシリルメチル基、フェニルジメチルシリルエチル基などが好ましい。
炭素数1~20のアシル基としては、ホルミル基、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブチリル基、バレリル基、パルミトイル基、ステアロイル基、オレオイル基等のアルキルアシル基、ベンゾイル基、トルオイル基、サリチロイル基、シンナモイル基、ナフトイル基、フタロイル基等のアリールアシル基、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸等のジカルボン酸からそれぞれ誘導されるオキサリル基、マロニル基、スクシニル基等が挙げられる。
エーテル類としては、メチルエーテル、エチルエーテル、プロピルエーテル、イソプロピルエーテル、ブチルエーテル、イソブチルエーテル、n-アミルエーテル、イソアミルエーテル等の脂肪族単一エーテル化合物;メチルエチルエーテル、メチルプロピルエーテル、メチルイソプロピルエーテル、メチル-n-アミルエーテル、メチルイソアミルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル、エチルイソプロピルエーテル、エチルブチルエーテル、エチルイソブチルエーテル、エチル-n-アミルエーテル、エチルイソアミルエーテル等の脂肪族混成エーテル化合物;ビニルエーテル、アリルエーテル、メチルビニルエーテル、メチルアリルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテル、エチルアリルエーテル等の脂肪族不飽和エーテル化合物;アニソール、フェネトール、フェニルエーテル、ベンジルエーテル、フェニルベンジルエーテル、α-ナフチルエーテル、β-ナフチルエーテル等の芳香族エーテル化合物、酸化エチレン、酸化プロピレン、酸化トリメチレン、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、ジオキサン等の環式エーテル化合物が挙げられる。
上記-(A)m-、-(A’)n-で表される架橋基の具体例としては、エチレン基,テトラメチルエチレン基,1,2-シクロヘキシレン基,テトラメチルジシリレン基,ジメチルシリレンメチレン基,ジメチルシリレンイソプロピリデン基,テトラメチルジゲルミレン基などを挙げることができる。これらの中では、重合活性がより高くなる点から、エチレン基,及びジメチルシリレン基が好適であり、より具体的には、-(A)m-及び-(A’)n-で表される架橋基のうち、一方がエチレン基であり、他方がジメチルシリレン基であることが好ましい。
上記一般式(III)において、M,-(A)m-,-(A’)n-,R2、q及びrは、一般式(I)と同じである。
(〔L1-R4〕k+)a(〔Z〕-)b・・・(V)
(〔L2〕k+)a(〔Z〕-)b・・・(VI)
(ただし、L2はM2、R5R6M3、R7 3C又はR8M3である。)
〔(V),(VI)式中、L1はルイス塩基、〔Z〕-は、非配位性アニオン〔Z1〕-及び〔Z2〕-、ここで〔Z1〕-は複数の基が元素に結合したアニオン、即ち〔M1G1G2・・・Gf〕-(ここで、M1は周期律表第5~15族元素、好ましくは周期律表第13~15族元素を示す。G1~Gfはそれぞれ水素原子,ハロゲン原子,炭素数1~20のアルキル基,炭素数2~40のジアルキルアミノ基,炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基,炭素数6~20のアリール基,炭素数6~20のアリールオキシ基,炭素数7~40のアルキルアリール基,炭素数7~40のアリールアルキル基,炭素数1~20のハロゲン置換炭化水素基,炭素数1~20のアシルオキシ基,有機メタロイド基、又は炭素数2~20のヘテロ原子含有炭化水素基を示す。G1~Gfのうち2つ以上が環を形成していてもよい。fは〔(中心金属M1の原子価)+1〕の整数を示す。)、〔Z2〕-は、酸解離定数の逆数の対数(pKa)が-10以下のブレンステッド酸単独又はブレンステッド酸及びルイス酸の組合わせの共役塩基、あるいは一般的に超強酸と定義される酸の共役塩を示す。又、ルイス塩基が配位していてもよい。又、R4は水素原子,炭素数1~20のアルキル基,炭素数6~20のアリール基,アルキルアリール基又はアリールアルキル基を示し、R5及びR6はそれぞれシクロペンタジエニル基,置換シクロペンタジエニル基,インデニル基又はフルオレニル基、R7は炭素数1~20のアルキル基,アリール基,アルキルアリール基又はアリールアルキル基を示す。R8はテトラフェニルポルフィリン,フタロシアニン等の大環状配位子を示す。kは〔L1-R4〕,〔L2〕のイオン価数で1~3の整数、aは1以上の整数、b=(k×a)である。M2は、周期律表第1~3、11~13、17族元素を含むものであり、M3は、周期律表第7~12族元素を示す。〕
で表されるものを好適に使用することができる。
R4の具体例としては水素,メチル基,エチル基,ベンジル基,トリチル基などを挙げることができ、R5,R6の具体例としては、シクロペンタジエニル基,メチルシクロペンタジエニル基,エチルシクロペンタジエニル基,ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル基などを挙げることができる。R7の具体例としては、フェニル基,p-トリル基,p-メトキシフェニル基などを挙げることができ、R8の具体例としてはテトラフェニルポルフィリン,フタロシアニン,アリル,メタリルなどを挙げることができる。又、M2の具体例としては、Li,Na,K,Ag,Cu,Br,I,I3などを挙げることができ、M3の具体例としては、Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Znなどを挙げることができる。又、〔Z1〕-、即ち〔M1G1G2・・・Gf〕において、M1の具体例としてはB,Al,Si,P,As,Sbなど、好ましくはB及びAlが挙げられる。又、G1,G2~Gfの具体例としては、ジアルキルアミノ基としてジメチルアミノ基,ジエチルアミノ基など、アルコキシ基若しくはアリールオキシ基としてメトキシ基,エトキシ基,n-ブトキシ基,フェノキシ基など、炭化水素基としてメチル基,エチル基,n-プロピル基,イソプロピル基,n-ブチル基,イソブチル基,n-オクチル基,n-エイコシル基,フェニル基,p-トリル基,ベンジル基,4-t-ブチルフェニル基,3,5-ジメチルフェニル基など、ハロゲン原子としてフッ素,塩素,臭素,ヨウ素,ヘテロ原子含有炭化水素基としてp-フルオロフェニル基,3,5-ジフルオロフェニル基,ペンタクロロフェニル基,3,4,5-トリフルオロフェニル基,ペンタフルオロフェニル基,3,5-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル基,ビス(トリメチルシリル)メチル基など、有機メタロイド基としてペンタメチルアンチモン基、トリメチルシリル基,トリメチルゲルミル基,ジフェニルアルシン基,ジシクロヘキシルアンチモン基,ジフェニル硼素などが挙げられる。
(B-1)は一種用いてもよく、又二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
例えば、(1)有機アルミニウム化合物を有機溶剤に溶解しておき、これを水と接触させる方法、(2)重合時に当初有機アルミニウム化合物を加えておき、後で水を添加する方法、(3)金属塩などに含有されている結晶水、無機物や有機物への吸着水を有機アルミニウム化合物と反応させる方法、(4)テトラアルキルジアルミノキサンにトリアルキルアルミニウムを反応させ、更に水を反応させる方法などがある。尚、アルミノキサンとしては、トルエン不溶性のものであってもよい。これらのアルミノキサンは一種用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
R10 vAlJ3-v・・・(IX)
〔式中、R10は炭素数1~10のアルキル基、Jは水素原子、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~20のアリール基又はハロゲン原子を示し、vは1~3の整数である〕で示される化合物が用いられる。
α-オレフィンオリゴマーの粘度制御は反応温度により制御を行うが、予め合成した高粘度α-オレフィンオリゴマーの熱分解および過酸化物分解により、制御してもよい。
重合時間は通常5分~30時間、好ましくは15分~25時間である。水素圧力は好ましくは常圧~10MPa(gauge)、好ましくは常圧~5.0MPa(gauge)である。更に好ましくは常圧~1.0MPa(gauge)である。本発明のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法において、水素を添加すると重合活性が大幅に向上するので好ましい。水素添加量が大きいほど重合活性は向上するが、10MPa(G)以上より大きくても活性への影響は少なく、逆に製造設備の巨大化など不具合が生じる。
重合溶媒を用いる場合、例えば、ベンゼン,トルエン,キシレン,エチルベンゼン、デカリンなどの芳香族炭化水素、シクロペンタン,シクロヘキサン,メチルシクロヘキサンなどの脂環式炭化水素、ペンタン,ヘキサン,ヘプタン,オクタンなどの脂肪族炭化水素、クロロホルム,ジクロロメタンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素などを用いることができる。これらの溶媒は一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上のものを組み合わせてもよい。また、重合方法によっては無溶媒で行うことができる。
重合に際しては、予備重合を行うことで重合用触媒を調製してもよい。予備重合は、触媒成分に、例えば、少量のオレフィンを接触させることにより行うことができるが、その方法に特に制限はなく、公知の方法を用いることができる。予備重合に用いるオレフィンについては特に制限はなく、例えば、(D)炭素数3~18のα-オレフィン、あるいはこれらの混合物などを挙げることができるが、該重合において用いるオレフィンと同じオレフィンを用いることが有利である。予備重合の具体例としては、(A)成分、(B)成分及び(D)炭素数3~18のα-オレフィンを予め接触させて重合用触媒を調製したり、(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分及び(D)炭素数3~18のα-オレフィンを予め接触させて重合用触媒を調製する例が挙げられる。予備重合温度は、通常-20~200℃、好ましくは-10~130℃、より好ましくは0~80℃である。予備重合においては、溶媒として、脂肪族炭化水素,芳香族炭化水素,モノマーなどを用いることができる。又、予備重合は無溶媒で行ってもよい。予備重合においては、予備重合生成物の極限粘度〔η〕(135℃デカリン中で測定)が0.1デシリットル/g以上、触媒中の遷移金属成分1ミリモル当たりに対する予備重合生成物の量が1~10000g、特に10~1000gとなるように条件を調整することが望ましい。
αオレフィンオリゴマーの特性を変える方法として、各触媒成分の種類、使用量、重合温度の選択、更には水素存在下での重合などがある。窒素等の不活性ガスを存在させても良い。本発明の製造方法においては、高温で反応を行うと重合度が小さくなる傾向があり、また炭素数の小さいモノマーを用いると、重合度が大きくなる傾向がある。
試料0.05gをトルエン5mlに溶解してガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)測定を行い、n量体の成分量を質量比で求めた。
(GC測定条件)
カラム:HT-SIMDISTCB(5m×0.53mmφ,膜厚:0.17μm)
カラム温度:50℃(0.1min)、20℃/minで430℃まで上昇、430℃(15min)
注入口(COC)温度:オーブントラック
検出器(FID)温度:440℃
キャリアガス:He
線速度:40cm/sec
モード:コンスタントフロー
注入量:0.5μl
このようにして得られたn量体成分量の質量比に基づき、n量体成分量のモル比を算出した。
動粘度は、JIS K 2283に準拠し測定した。粘度指数は、動粘度より、JIS K 2283に準拠し計算して求めた。
ゲルパーミエイションクロマトグラフ(GPC)法により、重量平均分子量および分子量分布を測定した。(ポリスチレン換算)
GPC測定装置
カラム:TOSO GMHHR-H(S)HT
検出器:液体クロマトグラム用RI検出器 WATERS 150C
測定条件
溶媒:1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼン
測定温度:145℃
流速:1.0ミリリットル/分
試料濃度:2.2mg/ミリリットル
注入量:160マイクロリットル
検量線:Universal Calibration
解析プログラム:HT-GPC(Ver.1.0)
[Macromolecules24,2334(1991);Polymer,30,1350(1989)]に記載の方法により13C-NMRを用いて求めた。
[ビニリデン基量]
末端ビニリデン基の個数は、常法に従い1H-NMRの測定により次のように求めた。1H-NMR測定から得られたδ0.8~1.0に出現する側鎖メチル基とδ4.8~4.6(2H)に出現するビニリデン基の割合に基づいて、定法によりビニリデン基の含有量(C)(モル%)を算出した。更にゲルパーミエイションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)より求めた数平均分子量(Mn)とモノマー分子量(M)から、次式によって一分子当たりビニリデン基の個数を算出した。
一分子当たりの末端ビニリデン基(個)=(Mn/M)×(C/100)
撹拌子入り50ミリリットルのシュレンクに、窒素気流下、十分に窒素バブリングしたトルエン(13ミリリットル)および1-デセン(2ミリリットル、1.5g)を加えた。その後、撹拌しながらトリイソブチルアルミニウム(0.4mmol:トルエンにて2mmol/リットルに希釈したものを0.2ミリリットル)、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート(60μmol:真空乾燥した後トルエンにて20μmol/mlとなるように溶解したものを3ミリリットル)、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド(40μmol:ヘプタンにて20μmol/mlとなるように溶解したものを2ミリリットル)を順に加えた。6時間撹拌することにより、溶液状の予備活性化触媒を得た(予備活性化触媒濃度:2μmol/ミリリットル)。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、上記予備活性化触媒(1ミリリットル、Zr:2μmol)を加え、更に水素0.15MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度50℃で5時間重合し、得られた反応液を炭酸水素ナトリウム飽和水溶液にて脱灰及び脱水(硫酸マグネシウム使用)処理した。GC測定後、蒸留によって未反応モノマー分をカットした後、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、GPC、粘度測定を行った。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド2マイクロモル、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキスペンタフルオロフェニルボレート8マイクロモルを加え、更に水素0.15MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度50℃で5時間重合した後、α-オレフィンオリゴマーを得た。得られた反応液は、実施例1に記載のとおりに処理した後、物性測定を行った。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド2マイクロモル、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキスペンタフルオロフェニルボレート8マイクロモルを加え、更に水素0.15MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度90℃で5時間重合した後、α-オレフィンオリゴマーを得た。得られた反応液は、実施例1に記載のとおりに処理した後、物性測定を行った。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド2マイクロモル、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキスペンタフルオロフェニルボレート8マイクロモルを加え、更に水素0.15MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度120℃で5時間重合した後、α-オレフィンオリゴマーを得た。得られた反応液は、実施例1に記載のとおりに処理した後、物性測定を行った。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド2マイクロモル、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキスペンタフルオロフェニルボレート8マイクロモルを加え、更に水素0.05MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度50℃で5時間重合した後、α-オレフィンオリゴマーを得た。得られた反応液は、実施例1に記載のとおりに処理した後、物性測定を行った。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、(1,1’-エチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド2マイクロモル、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキスペンタフルオロフェニルボレート8マイクロモルを加え、更に水素0.30MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度50℃で5時間重合した後、α-オレフィンオリゴマーを得た。得られた反応液は、実施例1に記載のとおりに処理した後、物性測定を行った。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、(1,1’-メチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド2マイクロモル、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキスペンタフルオロフェニルボレート8マイクロモルを加え、更に水素0.15MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度80℃で5時間重合した後、α-オレフィンオリゴマーを得た。得られた反応液は、実施例1に記載のとおりに処理した後、物性測定を行った。
加熱乾燥した1リットルオートクレーブに、1-デセン400ミリリットル、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1ミリモル、(1,1’-メチレン)(2,2’-ジメチルシリレン)-ビス(インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド2マイクロモル、ジメチルアニリニウム テトラキスペンタフルオロフェニルボレート8マイクロモルを加え、更に水素0.05MPaを導入した。撹拌しながら温度50℃で5時間重合した後、α-オレフィンオリゴマーを得た。得られた反応液は、実施例1に記載のとおりに処理した後、物性測定を行った。
Claims (10)
- 下記(1)~(6)を満たすα-オレフィンオリゴマー。
(1)三量体成分比率C3(質量%)が、S-F分布により求められる理論値よりも大きい。
(2)六量体成分比率C6(質量%)が、S-F分布により求められる理論値よりも小さい。
(3)100℃動粘度が20mm2/s以下である。
(4)13C-NMRで測定されるメソトリアッド分率[mm]が40mol%以下である。
(5)ビニリデン基を1分子当り0.2~1.0個有する。
(6)モノマー単位の平均炭素数が6~30である。
ここで、上記S-F分布は、二量体成分比率C2(質量%)より算出される連鎖成長確率αに基づいて算出される。 - (A)下記式(I)で表されるメソ型遷移金属化合物。
- (A)下記式(I)で表されるメソ型遷移金属化合物、及び(B)(B-1)該(A)成分の遷移金属化合物又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物及び(B-2)アルミノキサンから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の成分を含有する重合用触媒を用いて得られる、請求項1に記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマー。
- (A)下記式(I)で表されるメソ型遷移金属化合物、及び(B)(B-1)該(A)成分の遷移金属化合物又はその派生物と反応してイオン性の錯体を形成しうる化合物及び(B-2)アルミノキサンから選ばれる少なくとも一種類の成分を含有する重合用触媒を用いることを特徴とするα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法。
- 前記重合用触媒として、少なくとも前記(A)成分及び(B)成分、並びに(C)有機アルミニウムを予め接触させたものを使用する、請求項4に記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法。
- 前記重合用触媒として、少なくとも前記(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分及び(D)炭素数3~18のα-オレフィンを予め接触させたものを使用する、請求項5に記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法。
- 40~200℃の温度で反応させる、請求項4~8のいずれかに記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法。
- 常圧~10MPa(G)の範囲の水素圧で反応させる、請求項4~9のいずれかに記載のα-オレフィンオリゴマーの製造方法。
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US (1) | US20140194637A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2746302A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2013024701A1 (ja) |
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JP2020109073A (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-16 | デリム インダストリアル カンパニー リミテッド | 均一な構造を有するアルファオレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 |
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WO2007011462A1 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricants from mixed alpha-olefin feeds |
WO2017034659A1 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2017-03-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricant base stock blends |
US10059898B2 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2018-08-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | High-viscosity metallocene polyalpha-olefins with high electrohydrodynamic performance |
US10611980B2 (en) | 2015-10-15 | 2020-04-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Lubricant containing high-viscosity metallocene polyalpha-olefins |
US10351488B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2019-07-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Unsaturated polyalpha-olefin materials |
WO2018026406A1 (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2018-02-08 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Unsaturated polyalpha-olefin materials |
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- 2012-07-31 US US14/238,165 patent/US20140194637A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-07-31 CA CA2844806A patent/CA2844806A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-07-31 EP EP12824078.5A patent/EP2746302A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2020109073A (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-16 | デリム インダストリアル カンパニー リミテッド | 均一な構造を有するアルファオレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 |
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JP2022087250A (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2022-06-09 | ディーエル ケミカル カンパニー リミテッド | 均一な構造を有するアルファオレフィンオリゴマーおよびその製造方法 |
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JPWO2013024701A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
US20140194637A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
CN103717623A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2746302A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
CA2844806A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
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