WO2013020911A1

WO2013020911A1 - Device and method for protecting objects

Info

Publication number: WO2013020911A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/065238
Authority: WO
Inventors: Oliver TANNER
Original assignee: Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag
Priority date: 2011-08-08
Filing date: 2012-08-03
Publication date: 2013-02-14
Also published as: TW201319513A; DE102011109658A1

Abstract

In order to ensure that the probability of successfully combatting RAM threats is substantially increased, according to the invention, in order to protect objects (1) from attacking ammunition bodies (3) by means of defensive missiles, a blocking volume (2) around the object (1) and/or a blocking distance from the attacking ammunition body (3) is determined and monitored. For this purpose, at least one fictitious penetration point (4a) of the flight path (4) of the attacking ammunition body (3) is determined, at which penetration point the last possible combat against the attacking ammunition body (3) by one or more weapons (5) from inside or outside of the blocking volume (2) and/or the blocking distance can occur. This region is monitored. If a threat is detected, a threat analysis is performed, the deployment is subsequently coordinated, optionally while taking into account a deployment maxim, target tracking is performed, aiming is performed, and an individual round, a salvo, and/or several sub-salvos with preferred cease-fires are triggered.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Device and method for protecting objects

The invention relates to a method and a device for protecting objects against flying attack ammunition, in particular in the vicinity of the object.

Flying assault ammunition can in particular be rockets and artillery and mortar shells (referred to as RAM threats) or cruise missiles, aircraft, helicopters, unmanned missiles or even parachute objects and the like. Objects to be protected are, for example, infrastructure facilities such as buildings, roads, bridges, energy supply facilities, oil and gas conveyors and power plants or even military facilities such as camps, ammunition depots and other facilities or even mobile objects such as convoys or other military units.

DE 102 29 273 A describes an object self-protection device with a fixed object monitoring device and a launching container for particular fragmentation grenades. The device comprises a radar device for target tracking when approaching a missile to be defended. The target tracking device and the monitoring device are interconnected with a directional drive for the firing salaries. An expensive search radar is replaced by an inexpensive passive sensor device. The passive sensor device is used i.a. for sensor fusion with a simple radar missile warner for a clear close range detection - 200 to 300 m. Thus, it is no longer necessary that the beaker must be swung immediately in the event of a threat.

US 5,814,756 A discloses a method and apparatus for determining the breaking time of a programmable bullet. Here, a given optimal decomposition distance between a disintegration point of the projectile and a meeting point of the target is kept constant by correcting the disassembly time of the projectile. The bullet velocity difference is formed from the difference between the actual measured projectile velocity and the projectile velocity of the bullet. The rate of advancement, in turn, is calculated from the mean of a number of previous successive projectile velocities. It is thereby achieved that a given decomposition distance is independent of the currently measured projectile velocity, so that a permanent optimum Teff or launch probability can be achieved.

From DE 10 2007 018 507 A a method and a device for controlling an attack ammunition launcher are known. For this purpose, the attacking munitions are located, the trajectory and the shooting site determined. By means of a computer unit is then determined whether the defense ammunition is fired from the main weapon or a secondary weapon. Upon detection of this query, the defensive munitions are fired according to the selection. In this case, the ranges of coverage of the main and the secondary weapon (s) are interwoven, so that the largest possible distance range can be covered, namely in the near and far range.

DE 100 24 320 A discloses a radar device for object self-protection. It is arranged by a frequency-scanning surveillance radar directly on the object-fixed base of the leveling drive for the launching container. Thus, the launching container can be pre-oriented in the direction of attack. Then a high-resolution tracking radar comes into effect to start the launching container and thus the grenade in an optimal approach situation.

EP 0 547 391 A relates to a method for increasing the probability of success in missile defense by means of a fernzerlegbaren projectile. The bullet is individualized on firing. However, the dismantling order will be communicated to the projectile as late as possible.

To defend flying assault ammunition a method is known, for example from DE 10 2007 007 403 A1, in which after determining the path of the attack ammunition from a large-caliber weapon fired an explosive projectile and brought near the assault ammunition to explode. This will either damage it or distract it from its original trajectory. Another defensive method using defensive ammunition with splinter effect is further known from DE 44 26 014 A1. After firing the splinter charge of the defensive ammunition body of the attack ammunition body is fought by hitting one or more splinters. The disadvantage here is that the number, shape and size of the splitter is involuntary. In addition, the fragmentation does not spread isotropically in the room. Rather, it focuses on an extended cone around the trajectory of the attack ammunition. There are also known methods in which the attack ammunition is repelled by bringing into its trajectory a variety of non-explosive Subprojektilkörpern and the assault ammunition is either damaged by impact with these bodies, deflected from its attack trajectory or prematurely ignited. Such a method relates inter alia to EP 821 215 A2. Here, the sub-projectile bodies are ejected from a rotation-stabilized interceptor rocket.

CH 688 727 A5 describes a spin-stabilized bullet fired from a gun as a defensive ammunition. Due to the high web speeds of assault ammunition and defense ammunition body in some combat cases, the last bullet of a salvo is already fired from the gun, even before the first bullet hits the assault ammunition.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and associated apparatus which substantially increases the likelihood of successfully combating RAM threats.

The problem is solved in terms of the method by the features of claim 1 and the device by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be taken from the subclaims.

The invention is based on the consideration that in the fight against assault ammunition in the vicinity of the danger that can be done by the fight itself, for example by splinters and other ammunition parts of the attack and defense ammunition, damage to the objects to be protected. Therefore, for close and near range protection of objects, it should be considered that the location of the combat maintains a minimum distance from the object to be protected. So an attack ammunition body should be able to approach the object only up to a minimum distance - this is also called the stopping distance. For example, this distance forms the radius of a hemisphere called the retention volume around the object. The retention volume can deviate from the shape of the hemisphere, in particular if the geographical conditions (mountains, valleys, structures, etc.) in the vicinity of the objects to be protected require this. Therefore, the retention volume may take any form and is not limited to the shape of a hemisphere. Rather, the respective definition defines stop distance in each spatial direction around the object to be protected around the retention volume.

The combat of the assault ammunition can take place at different times after determining the relevant railway and flight parameters. Although the attack ammunition body is kept far away from the detention volume at a very early combat, the uncertainty of the orbit calculation is still great and the weapon's natural dispersion has a stronger effect. The likelihood of successful control decreases. In a later combat, the track of the assault ammunition is indeed known and the natural dispersion of the defense weapon has less influence, so that the probability of control increases. Here, however, there is the danger that the attack ammunition could penetrate into the retention volume.

When fighting with a single shot or several single shots or by means of a salvo, the probability of successful combat is highest when the last single shot or the last round from a salvo can exert its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the edge of the hold volume. That's what calculations and experiments have shown. Therefore, the latest combat should therefore take place directly in front of the fictitious point of penetration of the trajectory of the attack ammunition by the (fictitious) shell of the retention volume. By this is meant that in a defensive ammunition body with sub-projectiles, the cloud of sub-projectiles of the last shot in the immediate vicinity of the determined or determined "fictitious" piercing point of its trajectory is generated by the "fictitious" shell of the retention volume. The ignition of a Zerlegeladung can still be done within the retention volume itself. The same is true for splinter or HE projectiles, temped or projectile triggered by remote or proximity detonators. The ignition itself can thus take place within the retention volume, provided that only its effect on the attack ammunition takes place on or from the object to be protected from behind the fictitious strike-through point of the trajectory of the attack ammunition body through the shell of the retention volume.

The weapon system includes, for example, the components sensor, fire control and weapon. Prior to combat, either manually or by mission and system parameters, the type of ammunition and the number of shots for each type of assault ammunition can be determined. About the basically known parameters such as the cadence of the weapon, the muzzle velocity of the projectile, distance, orbit and speed of an assault ammunition body and the size of the retention volume is therefore fundamental a time (Ta) can be calculated or known, at which the triggering of the weapon should take place, so that the last shot of a volley consisting of one or more shots can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the retention volume. The direct triggering of a fire command on the weapon takes place either in a fully automatic or in a manual mode.

In fully automatic mode, the weapon system automatically and autonomously performs the tasks without intervention, but at least under the supervision of an operator (allowing veto or manual intervention by the operator at any time): monitoring of the space inside and outside the hold-off volume, threat analysis, coordination of the mission , if necessary taking into account the maxims, target tracking, aiming and firing as well as ending the firing sequence.

In a semi-automatic mode, a fire command is triggered by an operator at a time (Tf = time of fire command). Thus, with regard to the times (Tf) and (Ta = optimal triggering time), several cases can be distinguished:

1 . (Tf) earlier than (Ta): The manual fire order is given before the optimal time to trigger the weapon. Then the weapon is not triggered directly, but is delayed by the fire control triggering until the time (Ta)

2. (Tf) at the same time as (Ta): The manual fire command takes place at the same time as the optimum triggering time. Then the fire is opened without delay.

3. (Tf) later than (Ta): The manual fire command is issued at a time when the optimal firing time for the full salvo weapon has already elapsed. Then the fire is opened without delay, but the salvo shortened, so that again the last shot of the shortened salvo can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the retention volume. A fight within the retention volume does not take place.

If no direct destruction or explosion is triggered in a particular type of assault ammunition but the attack ammunition missile is deflected from its original trajectory, for example, by the first shots of the salvo, the final shots of the same salvo would miss the attack ammunition and be used for the have no effect.

It is therefore advantageous for certain types of assault ammunition bodies to fire in a first step a salvo shortened with respect to the number of shots and to analyze the effect of the attack on the attack ammunition body. Accordingly, in a further preferred embodiment, the number of shots set for a threat type is not delivered in a salvo, but preferably split into several partial salvos. The partial salvos can each have the same but also different number of shots at defensive ammunition. A total number of shots, for example, thirty-six rounds can be divided into two partial salvos per eighteen shots, three partial salvos per twelve shots or in any other combinations of partial salvo number and shots per partial salvo.

Between the individual partial salvos, a fire break of up to a few seconds is preferred. The minimum length of the individual fire breaks is influenced by different framework conditions. The residual gases of the cutting charge, the fragments and constituents of the defensive ammunition of an earlier partial salvo must have moved out of the target area at least partially, so that detection of the attack ammunition with the sensors of the weapon system is safe and accurate again. If there is sufficient visibility, the activation of the sensor system on the attack ammunition body requires further time, and finally the fire readiness of the weapon or of the weapons, if several weapons are used, must be restored. Then the weapon, if necessary. Refocused on the target and triggered. It is also possible to pre-set a fixed value for the duration of the fire breaks, for example a value of two seconds. The target acquisition, the alignment as well as the triggering of the weapon for another salvo are carried out fully automatically by the fire control, whereby, if necessary, a veto of an operator is possible at any time.

Based on predefined control models, the probability of a successful combat can be calculated for each type of attack body depending on the number of partial salvos and their respective numbers of shots. In the event of a specific threat, the fire control unit then selects the optimum combination of partial salvos and their respective numbers of shots. A reconciliation of this automatic decision by an operator is possible at any time, as well as a fixed pre-selection of the number and length of the salvo.

Unless the assault ammunition has been destroyed, it may be analyzed during the fire break and fired another part of the salvo. The control effect of this additional partial salve can also be analyzed in a subsequent break. But even with a split of the salvo on several partial salvos, the fight against the attack ammunition body must be completed at the limit of the retention volume. Therefore, in this preferred embodiment, the time of triggering the weapon to be chosen so that the last shot of a salvo consisting of several partial salvos can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the retention volume. The direct triggering of a fire command to the weapon is also in a salvo consisting of several partial salvoes either in a fully automatic or in a manual mode. In the event of a late fire command, an automatic shortening of the salvo by the fire control device takes place again, with the former partial salvo preferably being shortened or not given off, and the aim is that the last partial salvo with the highest control probability comprises full partial salvos.

In another embodiment, the stall volume or stall distance is not the same for all types of assault ammo bodies. Rather, a stall distance is selected for each type (e.g., missiles, artillery shells, mortars) to achieve the same level of control for each type.

In another preferred embodiment, horizontal and vertical extent of the containment volume are defined separately to account for different types of assault ammunition in terms of trajectory and reduction of potential collateral damage; Mortars are basically classified as targets with trajectories "from above", whereas missiles basically represent objectives "from the side". This classification can then be taken into account, inter alia, in the orientation of the weapon (s).

Reference to an embodiment with drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail. It shows:

1 is a schematic representation for controlling an attack ammunition body outside a retention volume of an object to be protected,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration for the combat of the assault ammunition body with a single salvo, FIG.

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the combat of the attack ammunition body with a salve consisting of two partial salvos,

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the combat of the assault ammunition body with a salve consisting of three partial salvos.

Around a protected object 1 around a Abhaltevolumen 2 is defined (Fig. 1), in which the attack ammunition body 3 should not penetrate. A fictitious piercing point 4a of the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition body 3 by the fictitious outer shell 20 of the retention volume 2 is the place where the last possible combat of the assault ammunition body 3 by a number of weapons 5 (whose fire control and sensors are not shown) from within and / or or outside the retention volume 2 can take place.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration for the combat of an assault ammunition body 3 with a single salvo between the track points 10a and 10b, the end of the combat at the track point 10b coinciding with the notional pierce point 4a of the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition body 3 by the retention volume 2.

In Fig. 3 is a schematic representation for combating an assault ammunition body 3 with a salvo consisting of two partial salvos between the track points 1 1 a and 1 1 b and 1 1 c and 1 1 d and a fire break between the track points 1 1 b and 1 c shown. If the assault ammunition 3 was deflected from its original orbit by the first partial salvo 11a to 11b, the combat between the trajectory points 11c and 11d is adapted to the changed path of the assault ammunition body 3 (not shown). The end of the fight at the track point 1 d 1 coincides with the fictitious piercing point 4 a of the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition 3 by the retention volume 2.

4 shows a schematic illustration for combating an assault ammunition body 3 with a salvo consisting of three partial salvos between the track points 12a and 12b, 12c and 12d as well as 12e and 12f and a respective fire break between the track points 12b and 12c as well as 12d and 12e. If the assault ammunition 3 was deflected by the first or second partial salvo from its original orbit, the combat is adapted by the later partial salvo or later partial salvos on the changed track of the assault ammunition body 3 (not shown). The end of the fight at the track point 12f coincides with the fictitious pierce point 4a of the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition body 3 by the retention volume 2.

Claims

claims

1 . Method for protecting objects (1) from assault ammunition bodies (3), such as rockets, artillery and mortar shells, cruise missiles, aircraft, helicopters, unmanned missiles and parachuting objects and the like, by anti-aircraft missiles delivered by at least one weapon (5) through the following steps:

Determining a minimum distance of the respective assault ammunition body (3) from the object (1) around the object (1),

Determination of a hold-off volume (2) and / or a hold-off distance to the assault ammunition body (3) in which the assault ammunition body (3) may be located during its combat,

Definition of a notional envelope (20) of the retention volume (2) / the withdrawal distance,

• monitoring of the room inside and outside the determined retention volume (2) / withdrawal distance,

Carrying out a threat analysis with determination of the trajectory (4) of the assault ammunition (3),

Definition of at least one fictitious piercing point (4a) of the trajectory (4) of the assault ammunition (3) through the notional envelope (20) of the containment volume (2) / stall distance,

• Manual or systemic triggering, for example by means of a fire control and / or a computer, the at least one weapon (5) for dispensing at least one defense projectile.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Abhaltevolumen (2) / the Abhaltedistanz for all types of attack ammunition (3) is selected differently.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the determination of the hold-off volume (2) / the hold-off distance is determined on the basis of the greatest possible probability of control of the individual type of the attack ammunition (3).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a horizontal and vertical extent of the Abhaltevolumens (2) are defined separately from each other.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Abhaltevolumen (2) / the Abhaltedistanz can be dependent on the shape of the hemisphere or geographical environment of the object.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the time of triggering of the at least one weapon (5) is selected so that the last delivered shot can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the piercing point (4a).

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that with knowledge of the parameters, such as the cadence of the weapon (5), the muzzle velocity of the defense projectile, distance, path and speed of the attack ammunition (3) and the size of the Abhaltevolumens (2) / Staging distance a time (Ta) is calculated or known, at which the triggering of the weapon (5) should take place, so that the last shot of one or more shots salvo can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the retention volume.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a number to be fired defensive missiles are fired in a single salvo or in several partial salvos, wherein the partial salvos each comprise an equal or different numbers of defensive floors.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that an analysis of the control effect of earlier partial salvos on the assault ammunition body (3) is carried out between the partial salvos.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that between the individual partial salvos a fire break of up to a few seconds is inserted, the minimum length of the individual fire break by various conditions, such as residual gases of Zerlegeladung in the control room, fragments and components of a first Partial volley, detection of the assault ammunition (3) with the sensors of the weapon (5). is determined.

1 1. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that between the individual partial salvos a fire break of up to a few seconds is inserted, wherein the duration of the fire breaks can be set as a fixed value in advance.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 1 1, characterized in that predefined control models for each type of assault ammunition (3) the probability of successful combat depending on the number of partial salvos and their respective numbers of shots is calculated, with a specific threat a fire control unit selects the optimum combination of volleys and their respective shot numbers.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that before a combat either manually or by use and system parameters due to the type of ammunition and the number of shots for each type of attack ammunition are determined.

H. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 13, comprising at least one sensor, a fire pipe and a weapon (5), which are arranged within and / or outside the Abhaltevolumens (2) around the object (1).

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the attack ammunition (3) rockets, artillery and mortar shells or cruise missiles, aircraft, helicopters, unmanned missiles and parachute objects and the like.