DE102011109658A1 - Device and method for protecting objects - Google Patents

Abstract

To ensure that the likelihood of successfully combating RAM threats is substantially increased, it is proposed to protect objects (1) from attack ammunition bodies (3) by anti-defense missiles from a containment volume (2) around the object (1) and / or one Staging distance to the attack ammunition (3) to determine and monitor. For this purpose, at least one fictitious piercing point (4a) of the trajectory (4) of the assault ammunition body (3) is determined at which the last possible combat of the assault ammunition body (3) by one or more weapons (5) from within and / or outside of the retention volume (2 ) and / or the stoppage distance can take place. This area is monitored. If a threat is detected, a threat analysis and the subsequent coordination of the mission, if necessary, taking into account a mission maxim, target tracking, targets and the triggering of a single shot, a salvo and / or multiple partial salvos with preferred firing breaks.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for protecting objects against flying attack ammunition, in particular in the vicinity of the object.

Flying assault ammunition can in particular be rockets and artillery and mortar shells (referred to as RAM threats) or cruise missiles, aircraft, helicopters, unmanned missiles or even parachute objects and the like. Objects to be protected are, for example, infrastructure facilities such as buildings, roads, bridges, energy supply facilities, oil and gas conveyors and power plants or even military facilities such as camps, ammunition depots and other facilities or even mobile objects such as convoys or other military units.

For defense flying attack ammunition is for example from the DE 10 2007 007 403 A1 a method is known in which after determining the path of the attack ammunition from a large caliber weapon fired an explosive projectile and is brought near the assault ammunition to explode. This will either damage it or distract it from its original trajectory. The disclosed use of large-caliber defensive missiles is disadvantageous since the alignment of the weapon itself is carried out only at low speed and only one shot can be delivered because the time for a second loading and aligning the large-caliber weapon exceeds usual flight times of RAM bullets. The probability of successful combat for the close-up protection of objects is therefore considered to be low.

Another defense method using defensive ammunition with splinter effect is for example from the DE 44 26 014 A1 known. After firing the splinter charge of the defensive ammunition body of the attack ammunition body is fought by hitting one or more splinters. The disadvantage here is that the number, shape and size of the splitter can not be determined in advance and the fragmentation does not propagate isotropically in space, but rather concentrated on an extended cone coat around the trajectory of the attack ammunition.

There are also known methods in which the attack ammunition is repelled by bringing into its trajectory a variety of non-explosive Subprojektilkörpern and the assault ammunition is either damaged by impact with these bodies, deflected from its attack trajectory or prematurely ignited. Such a method refers inter alia to the EP 821 215 A2 In this case, the sub-projectile bodies are ejected from a rotation-stabilized interceptor rocket.

The CH 688 727 A5 describes a fired from a gun barrel, spin-stabilized projectile as a defensive ammunition. The payload, consisting of a plurality of cylindrical subprojectiles made of heavy metal, is ejected into the trajectory of the attack ammunition body after firing a Zerlegeladung. In this type of ammunition is also known that to increase the number of effective Subprojektilkörper in the trajectory of the attack ammunition several missiles fired in a quick single fire or in a salvo and these bullets are made in the pre-calculated volume to ignite. Due to the high web speeds of assault ammunition and defense ammunition body in some combat cases, the last bullet of a salvo is already fired from the gun, even before the first bullet hits the assault ammunition. A tracking of the gun and a regulation of salvo parameters in response to a hit picture is not possible here. In addition, the defensive ammunition bodies can distort the measuring signal of the sensors. There are thus made considerable demands on the sensors and fire control of this method.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and associated apparatus which substantially increases the likelihood of successfully combating RAM threats.

The problem is solved in terms of the method by the features of claim 1 and the device by the features of claim 11. Advantageous embodiments can be taken from the subclaims.

The invention is based on the consideration that in the fight against assault ammunition in the vicinity of the danger that can be done by the fight itself, for example by splinters and other ammunition parts of the attack and defense ammunition, damage to the objects to be protected. Therefore, for close and near range protection of objects, it should be considered that the location of the combat maintains a minimum distance from the object to be protected. So an attack ammunition body should be able to approach the object only up to a minimum distance - this is also called the stopping distance. For example, this distance forms the radius of a hemisphere called the retention volume around the object. The retention volume may vary from the shape of the hemisphere deviate, especially if the geographical conditions (mountains, valleys, buildings, etc.) in the vicinity of the objects to be protected require it. Therefore, the retention volume may take any form and is not limited to the shape of a hemisphere. Rather, the respective hold-down distance in each spatial direction around the object to be protected defines the retention volume.

The combat of the assault ammunition can take place at different times after determining the relevant railway and flight parameters. Although the attack ammunition body is kept far away from the detention volume at a very early combat, the uncertainty of the orbit calculation is still great and the weapon's natural dispersion has a stronger effect. The likelihood of successful control decreases. In a later combat, the track of the assault ammunition is indeed known and the natural dispersion of the defense weapon has less influence, so that the probability of control increases. Here, however, there is the danger that the attack ammunition could penetrate into the retention volume.

When fighting with a single shot or several single shots or by means of a salvo, the probability of successful combat is highest when the last single shot or the last round from a salvo can exert its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the edge of the hold volume. That's what calculations and experiments have shown. Therefore, the latest combat should therefore take place directly in front of the fictitious point of penetration of the trajectory of the attack ammunition by the (fictitious) shell of the retention volume. By this is to be understood that in a defensive ammunition body with sub-projectiles, the cloud of sub-projectiles of the last shot is generated in the immediate vicinity of the fictitious piercing point of its trajectory through the envelope of the retention volume. The ignition of a Zerlegeladung can still be done within the retention volume itself. The same applies to splinters or HE projectiles, tempossed projectiles or triggered by remote or proximity detonators. The ignition itself can thus take place within the retention volume, provided that only its effect on the attack ammunition takes place on or from the object to be protected from behind the fictitious strike-through point of the trajectory of the attack ammunition body through the shell of the retention volume.

The weapon system includes, for example, the components sensor, fire control and weapon. Prior to combat, either manually or by mission and system parameters, the type of ammunition and the number of shots for each type of assault ammunition can be determined. By basically known parameters such as the cadence of the weapon, the muzzle velocity of the projectile, distance, orbit and velocity of an assault ammunition body and the size of the retention volume is thus basically a time (Ta) calculable or known at which the triggering of the weapon should take place, so that the last shot of a salvo consisting of one or more shots can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the retention volume. The direct triggering of a fire command on the weapon takes place either in a fully automatic or in a manual mode.

In fully automatic mode, the weapon system autonomously and automatically fulfills the tasks without the intervention of an operator (allowing the operator to veto at all times): monitoring the space inside and outside the hold-off volume, threat analysis, coordinating the mission, if necessary taking into account the mission maxims, Target tracking, aiming and firing as well as stopping the shot sequence.

• 1. (Tf) früher als (Ta): Der manuelle Feuerbefehl wird vor dem optimalen Zeitpunkt zur Auslösung der Waffe gegeben. Dann wird die Waffe nicht direkt ausgelöst, vielmehr wird durch die Feuerleitung das Auslösen bis zum Erreichen des Zeitpunktes (Ta) verzögert
• 2. (Tf) zeitgleich mit (Ta): Der manuelle Feuerbefehl erfolgt zeitgleich mit dem optimalen Auslösezeitpunkt. Dann wird das Feuer verzugslos eröffnet.
• 3. (Tf) später als (Ta): Der manuelle Feuerbefehl erfolgt zu einem Zeitpunkt, an dem der optimale Auslösezeitpunkt für die Waffe zur Abgabe der vollen Salve bereits verstrichen ist. Dann wird das Feuer verzugslos eröffnet, die Salve aber verkürzt, sodass wieder der letzte Schuss der verkürzten Salve seine Bekämpfungswirkung in unmittelbarer Nähe des Abhaltevolumens entfalten kann. Eine Bekämpfung innerhalb des Abhaltevolumens findet nicht statt.

In a semi-automatic mode, a fire command is triggered by an operator at a time (Tf = time of fire command). Thus, with regard to the times (Tf) and (Ta = optimal triggering time), several cases can be distinguished:

• 1. (Tf) earlier than (Ta): The manual fire order is given before the optimal time to trigger the weapon. Then the weapon is not triggered directly, but is delayed by the fire control triggering until the time (Ta)
• 2. (Tf) at the same time as (Ta): The manual fire command takes place at the same time as the optimum triggering time. Then the fire is opened without delay.
• 3. (Tf) later than (Ta): The manual fire command is issued at a time when the optimal firing time for the full salvo weapon has already elapsed. Then the fire is opened without delay, but the salvo shortened, so that again the last shot of the shortened salvo can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the retention volume. A fight within the retention volume does not take place.

If no direct destruction or explosion is triggered in a particular type of assault ammunition, but the attack ammunition missile is deflected from its original trajectory, for example, by the first shots of the salvo, the last shots of the same salvo would miss the attack ammunition and have no effect on the combat.

It is therefore advantageous for certain types of assault ammunition bodies to fire in a first step a salvo shortened with respect to the number of shots and to analyze the effect of the attack on the attack ammunition body. Accordingly, in a further preferred embodiment, the number of shots set for a threat type is not delivered in a salvo, but preferably split into several partial salvos. The partial salvos can each have the same but also different number of shots at defensive ammunition. A total number of shots of, for example, thirty-six shots can be divided into two partial salvos per eighteen shots, three partial salvos per twelve shots or in any other combinations of partial salvo numbers and shots per partial salvo.

Between the individual partial salvos, a fire break of up to a few seconds is preferred. The minimum length of the individual fire breaks is influenced by different framework conditions. The residual gases of the cutting charge, the fragments and constituents of the defensive ammunition of an earlier partial salvo must have moved out of the target area at least partially, so that detection of the attack ammunition with the sensors of the weapon system is safe and accurate again. If there is sufficient visibility, the activation of the sensor system on the attack ammunition body requires further time, and finally the fire readiness of the weapon or of the weapons, if several weapons are used, must be restored. Then the weapon, if necessary. Refocused on the target and triggered. It is also possible to pre-set a fixed value for the duration of the fire breaks, for example a value of two seconds. The target acquisition, the alignment as well as the triggering of the weapon for another salvo are carried out fully automatically by the fire control, whereby, if necessary, a veto of an operator is possible at any time.

Based on predefined control models, the probability of a successful combat can be calculated for each type of attack body depending on the number of partial salvos and their respective numbers of shots. In the event of a specific threat, the fire control unit then selects the optimum combination of partial salvos and their respective numbers of shots. A reconciliation of this automatic decision by an operator is possible at any time, as well as a fixed pre-selection of the number and length of the salvo.

Unless the assault ammunition has been destroyed, it will be analyzed if necessary. Deviating from the original train path during the fire break and fired another part of the salvo. The control effect of this additional partial salve can also be analyzed in a subsequent break. But even with a split of the salvo on several partial salvos, the fight against the attack ammunition body must be completed at the limit of the retention volume. Therefore, in this preferred embodiment, the time of triggering the weapon to be chosen so that the last shot of a salvo consisting of several partial salvos can develop its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the retention volume. The direct triggering of a fire command to the weapon is also in a salvo consisting of several partial salvoes either in a fully automatic or in a manual mode. In the event of a late fire command, an automatic shortening of the salvo by the fire control device takes place again, with the former partial salvo preferably being shortened or not given off, and the aim is that the last partial salvo with the highest control probability comprises full partial salvos.

In another embodiment, the stall volume or stall distance is not the same for all types of assault ammo bodies. Rather, a hold-off distance is selected for each type (eg rockets, artillery shells, mortars) in order to achieve the same probability of control for each type.

In another preferred embodiment, horizontal and vertical extent of the containment volume are defined separately to account for different types of assault ammunition in terms of trajectory and reduction of potential collateral damage; Mortars are basically classified as targets with trajectories "from above", whereas missiles basically represent objectives "from the side". This classification can then be taken into account, inter alia, in the orientation of the weapon (s).

Reference to an embodiment with drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail. It shows:

1 a schematic representation of the fight against an attack ammunition body outside a retention volume of an object to be protected,

2 a schematic representation of the combat of the assault ammunition body with a single salvo,

3 a schematic representation of the combat of the attack ammunition body with a salve consisting of two partial salvos,

4 a schematic representation to combat the assault ammunition body with a salve consisting of three partial salvos.

To an object to be protected 1 around is a retention volume 2 Are defined ( 1 ) into which the assault ammunition body 3 should not penetrate. A fictional pier point 4a the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition 3 through the fictitious outer shell of the retention volume 2 is the place where the ultimate possible combat the assault ammunition 3 through a number of weapons 5 (the fire line and sensors are not shown) from within and / or outside the retention volume 2 can be done.

2 shows a schematic representation of the combat of an attack ammunition body 3 with a single salvo between the train points 10a and 10b , where the end of the fight at the railway point 10b with the fictional transmission point 4a the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition 3 by the retention volume 2 matches.

In 3 is a schematic representation of the combat of an attack ammunition body 3 with a salvo of two partial salvos between the stations 11a and 11b such as 11c and 11d and a break between the train points 11b and 11c shown. Unless the assault ammo 3 through the first partial salvo 11a to 11b being deflected from its original orbit, is fighting between the railway 11c and 11d on the changed track of the attack ammunition 3 adapted (not shown). The end of the fight at the railway station 11d agrees with the fictional transmission point 4a the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition 3 by the retention volume 2 match.

4 shows a schematic representation of the combat of an attack ammunition body 3 with a salvo of three partial salvos between the stations 12a and 12b . 12c and 12d such as 12e and 12f and in each case a break between the train points 12b and 12c such as 12d and 12e , Unless the assault ammo 3 By the first or second partial salvo was deflected from its original orbit, the fight by the subsequent partial salvo or later partial salvos on the changed track of the attack ammunition 3 adapted (not shown). The end of the fight at the railway station 12f agrees with the fictional transmission point 4a the trajectory 4 of the assault ammunition 3 by the retention volume 2 match.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102007007403 A1 [0003]
• DE 4426014 A1 [0004]
• EP 821215 A2 [0005]
• CH 688727 A5 [0006]

Claims (11)

Method for protecting objects ( 1 ) in front of assault ammunition bodies ( 3 ) by missiles fired from at least one weapon ( 5 ), characterized by the following steps: • determining a hold-off volume ( 2 ) around the object ( 1 ), • monitoring of the space inside and outside the hold-off volume ( 2 ), • carrying out a threat analysis with determination of the trajectory ( 4 ) of an assault ammunition body ( 3 ) • Definition of at least one fictitious transmission point ( 4a ) of the trajectory ( 4 ) of the assault ammunition body ( 3 ) by a fictitious envelope of the retention volume ( 2 ) • Triggering at least one weapon ( 5 ) for the delivery of at least one defense projectile. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the time of triggering the at least one weapon ( 5 ) is selected so that the last shot delivered its control effect in the immediate vicinity of the piercing point ( 4a ) can unfold. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a number to be fired defensive missiles are fired in a single salvo or in several partial salvos, wherein the partial salvos each comprise an equal or different numbers of defensive bullets. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that between the partial salvos an analysis of the control effect of earlier partial salvos on the attack ammunition body ( 3 ) can be carried out. Method according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that between the individual partial salvages a fire break of up to a few seconds is inserted, the minimum length of each fire break by various conditions, such as residual gases of Zerlegeladung in the control room, fragments and components of a first Partial salve, capture of the assault ammunition ( 3 ) with the sensors of the weapon ( 5 ) is determined. Method according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that between the individual partial salvos a fire break of up to a few seconds is inserted, wherein the duration of the fire breaks is set as a fixed value in advance. Method according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that by means of predefined control models for each type of attack ammunition ( 3 ) the probability of a successful combat is calculated depending on the number of partial salvos and their respective numbers of shots, whereby in case of a specific threat, a fire control unit selects the optimum combination of salts and their respective numbers of shots. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the retention volume ( 2 ) not for all types of attack ammunition ( 3 ) must be chosen equal, but on the basis of the greatest possible probability of combating the individual type of attack ammunition ( 3 ) certainly. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the horizontal and vertical extent of the retention volume ( 2 ) are defined separately from each other. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising at least one sensor system, a fire pipe and a weapon ( 5 ) within and / or outside the retention volume ( 2 ) around the object ( 1 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the attack ammunition ( 3 ) Missiles, artillery and mortar shells or cruise missiles, aircraft, helicopters, unmanned missiles and parachute objects and the like.

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