WO2013020312A1 - 电动机转子及具有其的电动机 - Google Patents

电动机转子及具有其的电动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013020312A1
WO2013020312A1 PCT/CN2011/079062 CN2011079062W WO2013020312A1 WO 2013020312 A1 WO2013020312 A1 WO 2013020312A1 CN 2011079062 W CN2011079062 W CN 2011079062W WO 2013020312 A1 WO2013020312 A1 WO 2013020312A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
permanent magnets
permanent magnet
electric motor
mounting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/079062
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄辉
胡余生
陈东锁
陈华杰
肖勇
曾学英
张文明
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司, 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority to US14/235,600 priority Critical patent/US9502934B2/en
Priority to JP2014523164A priority patent/JP6425542B2/ja
Priority to KR1020147005520A priority patent/KR101607923B1/ko
Priority to EP11870651.4A priority patent/EP2741400B1/en
Publication of WO2013020312A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013020312A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/246Variable reluctance rotors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • a permanent magnet synchronous motor is an electric motor in which a layer of permanent magnets is placed inside the rotor, mainly using permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque.
  • T is the motor output torque, increasing the value of ⁇ , can improve the performance of the motor;
  • the first term in the equation is the reluctance torque, the second term is the permanent magnet torque;
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the permanent magnet of the motor
  • i d , i q are the components of the armature current in the d-axis and q-axis directions, respectively.
  • the performance of the motor is improved mainly by improving the performance of the permanent magnet, that is, the method of increasing the permanent magnet torque is used to increase the value of the combined torque, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor.
  • a common practice is to build a rare earth permanent magnet. However, since rare earths are non-renewable resources and expensive, the wider application of such motors is limited. In addition, simply improving the performance of the permanent magnets to improve the performance of the motor does not meet the urgent need to further improve the efficiency of the motor.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a motor rotor and an electric motor having the same that can improve the efficiency of the motor by increasing the reluctance torque and thereby reducing the amount of the rare earth permanent magnet.
  • a motor rotor comprising a core and a permanent magnet disposed inside the core, the core being provided with a plurality of sets of mounting grooves in a circumferential direction of the core, each set of mounting slots comprising two or two More than one mounting slot intermittently disposed in the radial direction of the core; the permanent magnets are a plurality of groups, and each of the permanent magnets of each group of permanent magnets is correspondingly embedded in each of the mounting slots of each set of mounting slots.
  • each set of mounting slots includes a first mounting slot and a second mounting slot
  • the permanent magnets embedded in the first mounting slot and the second mounting slot are respectively a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet
  • each set of permanent magnets Each permanent magnet is along The sum of the thicknesses in the direction of the symmetry line of the permanent magnet is ⁇ , and the sum of the distances of the respective permanent magnets in the direction along the line of symmetry of the permanent magnet is g, and ij ij: ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • each set of mounting slots includes a first mounting slot, a second mounting slot, and a third mounting slot
  • the permanent magnets embedded in the first mounting slot, the second mounting slot, and the third mounting slot are respectively first a permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, and a third permanent magnet, wherein a sum of thicknesses of respective permanent magnets in each group of permanent magnets in a direction along a line of symmetry of the permanent magnet is ⁇ , and each permanent magnet is in a line of symmetry along the permanent magnet
  • the sum of the distances in the direction is g, and the shell lj: ⁇ ⁇ 1.
  • the non-magnetic medium is filled in the gap between both ends of the permanent magnet and the both ends of the mounting groove.
  • the intermediate thickness of the cross section of the permanent magnet on the axis perpendicular to the rotor is greater than or equal to the both ends thereof
  • the cross-sectional shape of the permanent magnet on the axis perpendicular to the rotor is rectangular.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the mounting groove on the axis perpendicular to the rotor is U-shaped.
  • each set of permanent magnets includes a permanent magnet having an arcuate cross section perpendicular to the axis of the rotor.
  • each of the permanent magnets in each group of permanent magnets in the radial direction of the rotor near the center of the rotor is an arcuate surface.
  • each of the permanent magnets in each group of permanent magnets is a permanent magnet having a curved cross section.
  • the surface of the permanent magnet located at the outermost side in the radial direction of the rotor is far from the center of the rotor, and the surface near the center of the rotor is an arcuate surface.
  • the curved surfaces of the permanent magnets are all convex toward the center of the rotor.
  • each group of permanent magnets the arc of the curved surface of each permanent magnet is closer to the center of the rotor, and the curvature is larger.
  • an electric motor comprising the aforementioned electric motor rotor.
  • a plurality of sets of mounting grooves are arranged on the core in the circumferential direction of the core, and each set of mounting grooves includes two or more installations intermittently arranged in the radial direction of the core
  • the slots, each of the plurality of sets of permanent magnets are correspondingly embedded in each of the mounting slots of each set of mounting slots.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a rotor of a motor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a rotor of a motor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a motor according to the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of a rotor
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the thickness of a permanent magnet and the interval between the permanent magnets according to the first embodiment of the motor rotor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a rotor of the motor according to the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic view of the thickness of the permanent magnet of the second embodiment and the spacing between the permanent magnets;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a rotor of a motor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a rotor of a motor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a
  • FIG. 6 is the inductance difference between the d-axis and the q-axis of the first embodiment of the motor rotor according to the present invention
  • the thickness of the permanent magnet and the interval between the permanent magnets 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the inductance difference of the d-axis and the q-axis and the thickness of the permanent magnet and the interval of the permanent magnet according to the second embodiment of the motor rotor according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a first embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the magnetic flux distribution effect diagram of the example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in Fig.
  • a first embodiment of a rotor of a motor according to the present invention includes a core 10 and a permanent magnet 20 disposed inside the core 10, and a plurality of sets of mountings are arranged on the core 10 in the circumferential direction of the core 10.
  • the slot 30, each set of mounting slots 30 includes two or more mounting slots 30 that are intermittently disposed in the radial direction of the core 10; the permanent magnets 20 are in multiple groups, and each of the permanent magnets 20 in each of the sets of permanent magnets 20 corresponds to Each of the mounting slots 30 of each set of mounting slots 30 is embedded.
  • the iron core 10 of the motor rotor in FIG. 1 is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets and having a certain stack height.
  • the cores of the core 10 are centered and uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction thereof by six sets of mounting grooves 30, and each set of mounting grooves 30 is further It includes a 2-layer curved mounting groove 30.
  • the d-axis and the q-axis of the motor rotor are as shown in the figure, and the mounting grooves 30 are sequentially converged and smaller in the d-axis direction.
  • the permanent magnets 20 are placed in the mounting groove 30, and the permanent magnets 20 in the same group are required to have the same polarity toward the outer circumferential direction of the motor rotor. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the two permanent magnets in the d-axis direction all display S.
  • the magnetic strength of the adjacent two sets of permanent magnets 20 is opposite, and the six sets of permanent magnets 20 are alternately distributed along the circumferential direction according to the NS pole.
  • the multilayer permanent magnet 20 is placed in the d-axis direction, and the permanent magnet 20 itself has a large magnetic resistance, which is equivalent to the air permeability, the inductance L d in the d-axis direction is small, and the q-axis direction is due to the core. 10 itself has a high magnetic permeability, so the inductance L q in the q-axis direction is large, thereby increasing the reluctance torque of the motor rotor, thereby increasing the output torque of the motor and improving the efficiency of the motor.
  • each set of permanent magnets 20 includes permanent magnets 20 having an arc-shaped cross section perpendicular to the axis of the rotor, and each of the permanent magnets 20 of each set of permanent magnets 20 is radially adjacent to the rotor in the radial direction of the rotor.
  • the center surface is a curved surface.
  • each of the permanent magnets 20 in each set of permanent magnets 20 is a permanent magnet having an arcuate cross section, that is, the shape of the permanent magnet 20 is an arc of equal thickness.
  • each set of mounting slots 30 includes a first mounting slot remote from the center of the rotor and a second mounting slot adjacent the center of the rotor, a first mounting slot and a second mounting slot.
  • the permanent magnets 20 embedded therein are respectively a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet, and the sum of the thicknesses of the respective permanent magnets 20 in each group of permanent magnets 20 in the direction along the line of symmetry of the permanent magnet 20 is T, each permanent magnet The sum of the distances 20 in the direction along the line of symmetry of the permanent magnet 20 is g, and the shell 1J : ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . As shown in Figure 8, when the value satisfies the above formula, the adjacent two layers of magnetic
  • the longest sides of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are the first longest side and the second longest side, respectively, with the geometry of the first longest side
  • the distance between the line connecting the center to any point on the first longest side and the intersection of the first longest side and the opposite side thereof is the thickness of the first permanent magnet
  • the geometric center of the second longest side to the second longest is The distance between the line at any point on the edge and the intersection of the second longest edge and its opposite edge.
  • the distance between the geometric center of the long side of the two opposite sides of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet to the intersection of the opposite sides of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet is the first permanent magnet and the first The distance between the two permanent magnets.
  • the maximum thickness of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are T1 and T2, respectively, and the maximum distance between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet is gl.
  • the maximum distance gl between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet is equal to the distance of each permanent magnet 20 in the direction along the line of symmetry of the permanent magnet 20.
  • g, ie g gl.
  • the large L d -L q value increases the motor output torque and increases the motor efficiency.
  • each set of mounting grooves 30 includes 3-layer curved mounting groove 30.
  • the surface of the permanent magnet 20 located radially outward of the rotor in the radial direction away from the center of the rotor is a plane
  • the surface near the center of the rotor is an arcuate surface
  • the surfaces of the remaining permanent magnets 20 away from the center of the rotor is a curved surface.
  • each set of permanent magnets 20 the curved surfaces of the permanent magnets 20 are convex toward the center of the rotor.
  • the arc of the curved surface of each permanent magnet is closer to the center of the rotor, and therefore, in the present embodiment, the intermediate thickness of the cross section of the permanent magnet 20 on the axis perpendicular to the rotor It is larger than the thickness of both ends, that is, the permanent magnet 20 is a gradual curved shape, and its center thickness is the largest, and the thickness of both ends is gradually reduced.
  • each set of mounting grooves 30 further includes two rectangular layers. Installation slot 30.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the permanent magnet 20 on the axis perpendicular to the rotor is rectangular, and the intermediate thickness of the cross-section of the permanent magnet 20 on the axis perpendicular to the rotor is equal to the thickness of both ends thereof.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the mounting groove 30 on the axis perpendicular to the rotor is U-shaped.
  • the gap between the permanent magnet 20 near the center of the rotor and the mounting groove 30 in which it is located is larger than the gap between the permanent magnet 20 far from the center of the rotor and the mounting groove 30 in which it is located.
  • the forming and processing of the rectangular permanent magnet are relatively simple, so the use of the rectangular permanent magnet can improve the production efficiency and the versatility. Strong, the first layer of permanent magnets and the second layer of permanent magnets on the rotor can be mutually versatile, so the use of square permanent magnets can reduce the production cost; at the same time, the U-shaped structure of the design can be in the gap due to the left side of the magnetic steel. It is relatively easy to insert square permanent magnets of different sizes in the middle to adjust the performance of the motor and it is not necessary to replace the new rotor slot type, so that the rotor structure can be generalized. As shown in FIG.
  • each set of mounting slots 30 includes a first mounting slot, a second mounting slot and a third mounting slot from the center of the rotor in close proximity to the center of the rotor, first
  • the permanent magnets 20 embedded in the mounting groove, the second mounting groove and the third mounting groove are respectively a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet and a third permanent magnet, and each of the permanent magnets 20 in each set of permanent magnets 20 is along the permanent magnet
  • the sum of the thicknesses in the direction of the symmetry line of 20 is
  • the sum of the distances of the respective permanent magnets in the direction along the line of symmetry of the permanent magnet 20 is g, and the shell lj: ⁇ ⁇ 1.
  • the longest sides of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet, and the third permanent magnet are respectively the first longest side, the second longest side, and a third longest side
  • a distance between a line connecting the geometric center of the first longest side to any point on the first longest side and an intersection of the first longest side and the opposite side thereof is the thickness of the first permanent magnet
  • the distance between the line connecting the geometric center of the second longest side to any point on the second longest side and the intersection of the second longest side and the opposite side thereof is the thickness of the second permanent magnet
  • the third longest side The distance between the geometric center to the point at any point on the third longest side and the intersection of the third longest side and its opposite side is the thickness of the third permanent magnet.
  • the distance between the geometric center of the long side of the two opposite sides of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet to the intersection of the opposite sides of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet is the first permanent magnet and the first
  • the distance between the two permanent magnets, between the geometric centers of the long sides of the two opposite sides of the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet to the intersection of the opposite sides of the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet is the distance between the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet.
  • the maximum thicknesses of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet are T1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3, respectively, and the maximum distance between the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet is gl, the second permanent magnet and the third permanent magnet
  • the maximum distance between the permanent magnets is g2. As shown in FIG.
  • the thickness of each permanent magnet 20 in the direction along the line of symmetry of the permanent magnet 20 is the maximum thickness of each permanent magnet 20, that is, each permanent magnet in each set of mounting slots 30.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the inductance difference between the d-axis and the q-axis of the rotor of the motor and the thickness of the permanent magnet and the interval between the permanent magnets.
  • the output torque of the motor increases the efficiency of the motor.
  • the present invention also provides an electric motor including the aforementioned electric motor rotor. According to the motor of the present invention, by defining the relationship between the thickness of the permanent magnet and the gap thereof, the utilization of the reluctance torque is improved, and the efficiency of the motor is improved.
  • the electric motor of the present invention can be applied to an air conditioner compressor, an electric vehicle, and a fan system. From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
  • the motor rotor of the present invention and the motor having the same improve the reluctance torque of the motor rotor, thereby improving the output torque of the motor , which also improves the efficiency of the motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动机转子,包括铁心(10)和设于铁心(10)内部的永磁体(20)。铁心(10)上沿铁心的周向方向上设置有多组安装槽(30),每组安装槽(30)包括两个或者两个以上在铁心(10)的径向方向上间断设置的安装槽(30)。永磁体(20)为多组,每组永磁体(20)中的各个永磁体(20)对应地嵌入每组安装槽的各个安装槽(30)中。一种电动机,包括前述电动机转子。这种电动机转子,提高了电动机转子的磁阻转矩,从而提高了电动机输出转矩和电动机效率。

Description

电动机转子及具有其的电动机 技术领域 本发明涉及电动机领域, 更具体地, 涉及一种电动机转子及具有其的电动机。 背景技术 永磁同步电动机(IPM)是一种在转子内侧放置一层永磁体、 主要利用永磁转矩、 磁阻转矩为辅助的电动机。 磁阻转矩与永磁转矩的合成公式如下: T = mp (Lq - Ld )diq + mp ψ PM iq 。 其中, T为电机输出转矩, 提高 Τ的值, 可以提高电机性能; Τ后等式中的第一 项为磁阻转矩, 第二项为永磁转矩; ΨΡΜ为电机永磁体产生的定转子耦合磁通的最大 值, m为定子导体的相数, Ld、 Lq分别为 d轴和 q轴电感, 其中 d轴指与主磁极轴线 重合的轴, q轴指与主磁极轴线垂直的轴, 其中的垂直指的是电角度; id、 iq分别是电 枢电流在 d轴、 q轴方向上的分量。 现有技术中主要通过提高永磁体的性能来提高电机性能, 即通过提高永磁转矩的 做法来提高合成转矩的值,进而提高电动机效率, 常见的做法就是内置稀土类永磁体。 但是, 由于稀土是不可再生资源, 且价格昂贵, 因此该种电机更广泛的应用受到了限 制。 另外, 仅仅靠提高永磁体性能来提高电机性能, 也无法满足进一步提高电动机效 率的迫切要求。 发明内容 本发明目的在于提供一种通过提高磁阻转矩来提高电机效率、 从而能够减少稀土 类永磁体用量的电动机转子及具有其的电动机。 根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种电动机转子, 包括铁心和设于铁心内部的永 磁体, 铁心上沿铁心的周向方向上设置有多组安装槽, 每组安装槽包括两个或者两个 以上在铁心的径向方向上间断设置的安装槽; 永磁体为多组, 每组永磁体中的各个永 磁体对应地嵌入每组安装槽的各个安装槽中。 进一步地, 每组安装槽中包括第一安装槽和第二安装槽, 第一安装槽和第二安装 槽中嵌入的永磁体分别为第一永磁体和第二永磁体, 每组永磁体中的各个永磁体在沿 永磁体的对称线的方向上的厚度之和为 τ, 各个永磁体在沿永磁体的对称线的方向上 的距离之和为 g, 贝 ij: 丄≤ ≤ 。
5 r 5 进一步地, 每组安装槽中包括第一安装槽、 第二安装槽和第三安装槽, 第一安装 槽、 第二安装槽和第三安装槽中嵌入的永磁体分别为第一永磁体、 第二永磁体和第三 永磁体, 每组永磁体中的各个永磁体在沿永磁体的对称线的方向上的厚度之和为 τ, 各个永磁体在沿永磁体的对称线的方向上的距离之和为 g, 贝 lj: ≤ ≤1。 进—步地, 各个永磁体的两端与其嵌入的安装槽的两端之间具有空隙。 进—步地, 永磁体的两端与安装槽的两端之间的空隙中填充非导磁介质。 进—步地, 永磁体在垂直于转子的轴线上的横截面的中间厚度大于或等于其两端
Figure imgf000004_0001
进—步地, 永磁体在垂直于转子的轴线上的横截面形状为矩形。 进—步地, 安装槽在垂直于转子的轴线上的截面形状为 U字形。 进—步地, 每组永磁体中包括在垂直于转子的轴线上的横截面为弧形的永磁体。 进—步地, 每组永磁体中的各个永磁体的沿转子的径向靠近转子中心的表面为弧 形表面。 进一步地, 每组永磁体中的各个永磁体均为横截面为弧形的永磁体。 进一步地, 每组永磁体中, 沿转子的径向位于最外侧的永磁体的远离转子中心的 表面为平面, 靠近转子中心的表面为弧形表面。 进一步地, 每组永磁体中, 各永磁体的弧形表面均为朝转子中心凸起。 进一步地, 每组永磁体中, 各永磁体的弧形表面中越靠近转子中心的弧形表面弧 度越大。 根据本发明的一个方面, 还提供了一种电动机, 包括前述的电动机转子。 采用本发明的电动机转子及具有其的电动机, 铁心上沿铁心的周向方向上设置有 多组安装槽, 每组安装槽包括两个或者两个以上在铁心的径向方向上间断设置的安装 槽, 多组永磁体中的各个永磁体对应地嵌入每组安装槽的各个安装槽中。 由于 d轴放 置了多层永磁体, 而永磁体本身的磁阻很大, 与空气磁导率相当, 因此在 d轴方向上 的电感 Ld较小, 而 q轴方向因为铁心本身具有较高的磁导率, 所以 q轴电感 Lq较大, 因此提高了电动机转子的磁阻转矩, 从而提高了电动机效率, 无需使用增加稀土类永 磁体用量的方法, 从而减少了稀土用量。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1是根据本发明的电动机转子的第一实施例的结构示意图; 图 2是根据本发明的电动机转子的第二个实施例的结构示意图; 图 3是根据本发明的电动机转子的第三个实施例的结构示意图; 图 4是根据本发明的电动机转子的第一实施例的永磁体的厚度以及永磁体之间的 间隔的示意图; 图 5是根据本发明的电动机转子的第二实施例的永磁体的厚度以及永磁体之间的 间隔的示意图; 图 6是根据本发明的电动机转子的第一实施例的 d轴和 q轴的电感差与永磁体厚 度及永磁体间隔的关系示意图; 图 7是根据本发明的电动机转子的第二实施例的 d轴和 q轴的电感差与永磁体厚 度及永磁体间隔的关系示意图; 以及 图 8为根据本发明的第一实施例的磁通分布效果图。 具体实施方式 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 如图 1 所示的根据本发明的电动机转子的第一实施例, 电动机转子包括铁心 10 和设于铁心 10内部的永磁体 20, 铁心 10上沿铁心 10的周向方向上设置有多组安装 槽 30, 每组安装槽 30包括两个或者两个以上在铁心 10的径向方向上间断设置的安装 槽 30; 永磁体 20为多组, 每组永磁体 20中的各个永磁体 20对应地嵌入每组安装槽 30的各个安装槽 30中。 图 1中的电动机转子的铁心 10由硅钢板叠压而成并具有一定叠高, 以铁心 10的 轴心为圆心并沿其圆周方向均匀分布了 6组安装槽 30, 每组安装槽 30又包括 2层弧 形的安装槽 30。 电动机转子的 d轴和 q轴如图中所示, 安装槽 30沿 d轴方向依次收 敛变小。 在安装槽 30中放入永磁体 20, 放置时要求同一组内的永磁体 20朝电动机转 子的外周方向呈同一极性, 例如图 1中所示, d轴方向上两层永磁体全部显示 S极; 同时要求相邻的两组永磁体 20的磁性相反, 6组永磁体 20对外沿圆周方向按照 NS 极交替分布。 由于 d轴方向上放置了多层永磁体 20, 而永磁体 20本身的磁阻很大, 与空气磁导率相当, 因此在 d轴方向上的电感 Ld较小, 而 q轴方向因为铁心 10本身 具有较高的磁导率, 所以 q轴方向上的电感 Lq较大, 因此提高了电动机转子的磁阻转 矩, 从而提高了电机输出转矩, 也就提高了电动机效率。 有了这种途径提高电动机效 率, 可以替代通过增加稀土类永磁体提高电动机效率的方法, 从而减少了稀土用量, 一方面节约了能源, 减轻了环境负担, 另一方面降低了成本, 提升了产品竞争力。 在本实施例中, 如图 1所示, 各个永磁体 20的两端与其嵌入的安装槽 30的两端 之间具有空隙。 优选地, 永磁体 20的两端与安装槽 30的两端之间的空隙中填充非导 磁介质。 如图 1所示,每组永磁体 20中包括在垂直于转子的轴线上的横截面为弧形的永磁 体 20, 每组永磁体 20中的各个永磁体 20的沿转子的径向靠近转子中心的表面为弧形 表面。在本实施例中, 每组永磁体 20中的各个永磁体 20均为横截面为弧形的永磁体, 也即永磁体 20的形状为等厚的弧形。 弧形的永磁体 20比安装槽 30略短, 将永磁体 20插入安装槽 30后在永磁体 20的两端部均留有的空隙, 其中可以填充空气或者其他 非导磁性介质。 如图 4所示,在电动机转子的第一实施例中, 每组安装槽 30中包括远离转子中心 的第一安装槽和靠近转子中心的第二安装槽, 第一安装槽和第二安装槽中嵌入的永磁 体 20分别为第一永磁体和第二永磁体,每组永磁体 20中的各个永磁体 20在沿永磁体 20的对称线的方向上的厚度之和为 T, 各个永磁体 20在沿永磁体 20的对称线的方向 上的距离之和为 g, 贝 1J : 丄≤ ≤ 。 如图 8所示, 当取值满足上述公式时, 相邻 2层磁
5 r 5
钢通道间磁通分布密集, 有效地利用了 q轴磁路, 增大了电机的转矩输出。 具体地说, 在转子的轴向方向的横截面上, 第一永磁体和第二永磁体的最长边分 别为第一最长边和第二最长边, 以第一最长边的几何中心到第一最长边上任一点的连 线与第一最长边和其相对边的交点之间的距离为第一永磁体的厚度, 以第二最长边的 几何中心到第二最长边上任一点的连线与第二最长边和其相对边的交点之间的距离为 第二永磁体的厚度。 以第一永磁体和第二永磁体的两条相对边中的长边的几何中心到 第一永磁体和第二永磁体的两条相对边的交点之间的距离为第一永磁体与第二永磁体 之间的距离。 以第一永磁体和第二永磁体的最大厚度分别为 T1和 T2, 第一永磁体与 第二永磁体之间的最大距离为 gl。 在本实施例中, 各个永磁体 20在沿永磁体 20的对称线的方向上的厚度即为永磁 体 20的最大厚度, 因此 T=T1+T2。 由于本实施例中每组中有两个永磁体 20, 因此第 一永磁体与第二永磁体之间的最大距离 gl等于各个永磁体 20在沿永磁体 20的对称线 的方向上的距离之和 g, 即 g=gl。 根据试验测试数据, 得出如图 6的第一实施例的电动机转子的 d轴和 q轴的电感 差与永磁体厚度及永磁体间隔的关系示意图, 当 g与 τ之比满足丄≤ ≤ 时, 获得较
5 r 5
大的 Ld-Lq值, 从而提高了电动机输出转矩, 也就提高了电动机效率。 优选地, 丄≤ ≤丄。
5 r 10 如图 2所示的根据本发明的电动机转子的第二实施例,以铁心 10的轴心为圆心并 沿其圆周方向均匀分布了 4组安装槽 30,每组安装槽 30又包括 3层弧形的安装槽 30。 每组永磁体 20中, 沿转子的径向位于最外侧的永磁体 20的远离转子中心的表面 为平面,靠近转子中心的表面为弧形表面,其余的各个永磁体 20的远离转子中心的表 面以及靠近转子中心的表面均为弧形表面。 每组永磁体 20中, 各永磁体 20的弧形表 面均朝转子中心方向凸起。每组永磁体 20中,各永磁体的弧形表面中越靠近转子中心 的弧形表面弧度越大, 因此, 在本实施例中, 永磁体 20在垂直于转子的轴线上的横截 面的中间厚度大于其两端厚度, 即永磁体 20为渐变的弧形, 其中心厚度最大, 两端厚 度逐渐减小。 如图 3所示的根据本发明的电动机转子的第三实施例,以铁心 10的轴心为圆心并 沿其圆周方向均匀分布了 8组安装槽 30,每组安装槽 30又包括 2层矩形的安装槽 30。 永磁体 20在垂直于转子的轴线上的横截面形状为矩形, 永磁体 20在垂直于转子 的轴线上的横截面的中间厚度等于其两端厚度。安装槽 30在垂直于转子的轴线上的截 面形状为 U字形。靠近转子中心的永磁体 20与其所在的安装槽 30之间的空隙大于远 离转子中心的永磁体 20与其所在的安装槽 30之间的空隙。 因为弧形永磁体在成型方面受材料的影响比较大,而且成型后期的精加工工序多, 而矩形永磁体的成型及加工工序都相对简单,因此采用矩形永磁体能够提高生产效率, 且通用性强, 转子上第一层永磁体和第二层永磁体可以相互通用, 因此采用方形永磁 体能够降低生产成本; 同时该设计的 U形结构由于磁钢的两侧留有空隙, 可以在该空 隙中间比较容易的插入不同尺寸的方形永磁体, 起到对电机性能调整的作用而且不需 要更换新的转子槽型, 能够实现转子结构的通用化。 如图 5所示,在电动机转子的第二实施例中, 每组安装槽 30中包括从远离转子中 心起依次靠近转子中心的第一安装槽、 第二安装槽和第三安装槽, 第一安装槽、 第二 安装槽和第三安装槽中嵌入的永磁体 20 分别为第一永磁体、 第二永磁体和第三永磁 体,每组永磁体 20中的各个永磁体 20在沿永磁体 20的对称线的方向上的厚度之和为
T, 各个永磁体在沿永磁体 20的对称线的方向上的距离之和为 g, 贝 lj: ≤ ≤1。
5 T 具体地说, 在沿转子的横截面的径向方向上, 第一永磁体、 第二永磁体和第三永 磁体的最长边分别为第一最长边、 第二最长边和第三最长边, 以第一最长边的几何中 心到第一最长边上任一点的连线与第一最长边和其相对边的交点之间的距离为第一永 磁体的厚度, 以第二最长边的几何中心到第二最长边上任一点的连线与第二最长边和 其相对边的交点之间的距离为第二永磁体的厚度, 以第三最长边的几何中心到第三最 长边上任一点的连线与第三最长边和其相对边的交点之间的距离为第三永磁体的厚 度。 以第一永磁体和第二永磁体的两条相对边中的长边的几何中心到第一永磁体和第 二永磁体的两条相对边的交点之间的距离为第一永磁体与第二永磁体之间的距离, 以 第二永磁体和第三永磁体的两条相对边中的长边的几何中心到第二永磁体和第三永磁 体的两条相对边的交点之间的距离为第二永磁体与第三永磁体之间的距离。 以第一永磁体、 第二永磁体和第三永磁体的最大厚度分别为 Tl、 Τ2和 Τ3, 第一 永磁体与第二永磁体之间的最大距离为 gl, 第二永磁体与第三永磁体之间的最大距离 为 g2。 如图 5所示, 在本实施例中, 各个永磁体 20在沿永磁体 20的对称线的方向上 的厚度即为各个永磁体 20的最大厚度,即每组安装槽 30中的各个永磁体 20最大厚度 之和为 T=T1+T2+T3 ; 各个永磁体 20在沿永磁体 20的对称线的方向上的距离即为各 个永磁体 20之间的最大距离, 即 g=gl+g2。 如图 7的第二实施例的电动机转子的 d轴和 q轴的电感差与永磁体厚度及永磁体 间隔的关系示意图, 当 g与 T之比满足 ≤ ≤1时, 获得较大的 Ld-Lq值, 从而提高了
5 T
电动机输出转矩, 也就提高了电动机效率。 本发明还提供了一种电动机, 包括前述的电动机转子。 本发明的电动机, 通过限定永磁体厚度与其间隙之间的关系, 提高了磁阻转矩的 利用, 提高了电机的效率。 本发明的电动机可以应用在空调压缩机、 电动车以及风扇 系统中。 从以上的描述中, 可以看出, 本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果: 本发明的电动机转子及具有其的电动机, 提高了电动机转子的磁阻转矩, 从而提 高了电机输出转矩, 也就提高了电动机效率。 有了这种方法提高电动机效率, 可以替 代通过增加稀土类永磁体提高电动机效率的方法, 从而减少了稀土用量, 一方面节约 了能源, 减轻了环境负担, 另一方面降低了成本, 提升了产品竞争力。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种电动机转子, 包括铁心 (10) 和设于所述铁心 (10) 内部的永磁体 (20), 其特征在于,
所述铁心(10)上沿所述铁心(10)的周向方向上设置有多组安装槽(30), 每组所述安装槽 (30) 包括两个或者两个以上在所述铁心 (10) 的径向方向上 间断设置的安装槽 (30);
所述永磁体 (20) 为多组, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中的各个永磁体 (20) 对应地嵌入每组安装槽 (30) 的各个所述安装槽 (30) 中。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述安装槽 (30) 中包 括第一安装槽和第二安装槽, 所述第一安装槽和所述第二安装槽中嵌入的永磁 体 (20) 分别为第一永磁体和第二永磁体, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中的各个永 磁体 (20) 在沿所述永磁体 (20) 的对称线的方向上的厚度之和为 T, 各个永 磁体 (20 ) 在沿所述永磁体 (20 ) 的对称线的方向上的距离之和为 g, 贝 U :
1< <10
5— Γ— 5
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述安装槽 (30) 中包 括第一安装槽、 第二安装槽和第三安装槽, 所述第一安装槽、 所述第二安装槽 和所述第三安装槽中嵌入的永磁体 (20) 分别为第一永磁体、 第二永磁体和第 三永磁体, 每组所述永磁体(20) 中的各个永磁体(20)在沿所述永磁体(20) 的对称线的方向上的厚度之和为 T, 各个永磁体 (20) 在沿所述永磁体 (20) 的对称线的方向上的距离之和为 g, 贝 lj : - < ^ < l o
5 T
4. 根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 各个所述永磁 体 (20) 的两端与其嵌入的所述安装槽 (30) 的两端之间具有空隙。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 所述永磁体 (20) 的两端与 所述安装槽 (30) 的两端之间的空隙中填充非导磁介质。
6. 根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的电动机转子,其特征在于,所述永磁体 (20) 在垂直于所述转子的轴线上的横截面的中间厚度大于或等于其两端厚度。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 所述永磁体 (20) 在垂直于 所述转子的轴线上的横截面形状为矩形。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 所述安装槽 (30) 在垂直于 所述转子的轴线上的截面形状为 U字形。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中包 括在垂直于所述转子的轴线上的横截面为弧形的永磁体。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中的 各个永磁体 (20) 的沿所述转子的径向靠近转子中心的表面为弧形表面。
11. 根据权利要求 9所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中的 各个永磁体 (20) 均为所述横截面为弧形的永磁体。
12. 根据权利要求 9所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中, 沿所述转子的径向位于最外侧的所述永磁体 (20) 的远离转子中心的表面为平 面, 靠近转子中心的表面为弧形表面。
13. 根据权利要求 9所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中, 各个所述永磁体 (20) 的弧形表面均为朝转子中心凸起。
14. 根据权利要求 9所述的电动机转子, 其特征在于, 每组所述永磁体 (20) 中, 各个所述永磁体 (20) 的弧形表面中越靠近转子中心的弧形表面弧度越大。
15. 一种电动机, 包括权利要求 1至 14中任一项所述的电动机转子。
PCT/CN2011/079062 2011-08-05 2011-08-29 电动机转子及具有其的电动机 WO2013020312A1 (zh)

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