WO2013018870A1 - 超電導導体の製造方法、超電導導体および超電導導体用基板 - Google Patents
超電導導体の製造方法、超電導導体および超電導導体用基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018870A1 WO2013018870A1 PCT/JP2012/069750 JP2012069750W WO2013018870A1 WO 2013018870 A1 WO2013018870 A1 WO 2013018870A1 JP 2012069750 W JP2012069750 W JP 2012069750W WO 2013018870 A1 WO2013018870 A1 WO 2013018870A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G3/00—Compounds of copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
- H01B12/06—Films or wires on bases or cores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
- H10N60/0296—Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers
- H10N60/0576—Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers characterised by the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
- H10N60/0296—Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers
- H10N60/0576—Processes for depositing or forming copper oxide superconductor layers characterised by the substrate
- H10N60/0632—Intermediate layers, e.g. for growth control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
- H10N60/203—Permanent superconducting devices comprising high-Tc ceramic materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a superconducting conductor used for superconducting equipment such as a superconducting cable and a superconducting magnet, a superconducting conductor, and a substrate for the superconducting conductor.
- polishing is performed in a process of polishing the surface of a substrate and forming an oxide high-temperature superconducting film on the polished substrate surface by laser ablation or the like.
- a method of obtaining a plurality of superconducting wires by cutting a base material and dividing the base material into a plurality of superconducting films or by cutting the base material on which the superconducting film is formed is disclosed.
- JP 2007-287629 A includes, as another example of slit processing, a step of preparing a superconducting wire, and a processing step of cutting the superconducting wire by a processing portion including two opposing cutting portions, At least two sets of the processing parts are arranged so as to be adjacent to each other with a space in the width direction of the superconducting wire so that the superconducting wire is sandwiched between the two cutting parts, and the cutting part is in contact with one surface of the superconducting wire
- a method is disclosed in which the contact position is positioned on the outer side in the width direction of the superconducting wire from the contact position of the cut portion that contacts the other surface of the superconducting wire.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-1416808 as an example of laser cutting, in a low AC loss superconducting conductor in which an oxide superconducting layer is provided on a substrate, the oxide superconducting layer is arranged in the length direction of the substrate.
- a method is disclosed in which a plurality of filament conductors are separated by a plurality of thinning grooves formed in the width direction of the base body, and a high resistance oxide is formed in the thinning grooves.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-192116 discloses that a superconducting wire has a structure in which an intermediate layer and a superconducting layer are sequentially formed and laminated on a substrate, and a protective layer is covered. Is formed on the surface opposite to the surface on which the superconducting layer is formed, 2) has a depth to the middle of the thickness of the substrate, and 3) in any cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the superconducting wire, at least A method of forming a slit that satisfies the requirement that there is one is disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described facts, and relates to a method of manufacturing a superconducting conductor, a superconducting conductor, and a method of manufacturing the superconducting conductor capable of suppressing deterioration of insulation characteristics and superconducting characteristics during thinning. It aims at obtaining the board
- a base material preparation step of preparing a base material having grooves formed on at least one surface A superconducting layer forming step of forming a superconducting layer on the surface of the base on which the groove is formed; A cutting step of cutting the substrate at the groove portion; The manufacturing method of the superconducting conductor which has this.
- ⁇ 2> The method for producing a superconducting conductor according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the depth of the groove is equal to or greater than the thickness of the superconducting layer and less than the thickness of the base material.
- ⁇ 3> The method for manufacturing a superconducting conductor according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein an opening area of an uppermost portion of the groove is larger than an area of a bottom surface of the groove.
- ⁇ 4> The method for producing a superconducting conductor according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein a surface roughness Ra of the inner wall surface of the groove is 0.02 ⁇ m or more.
- ⁇ 5> Any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the base material preparation step includes a substrate preparation step of preparing a substrate and an intermediate layer forming step of forming an intermediate layer on the substrate surface 2.
- the base material preparation step includes a substrate preparation step of preparing a substrate and an intermediate layer forming step of forming an intermediate layer on the substrate surface 2.
- ⁇ 6> The method for manufacturing a superconducting conductor according to ⁇ 5>, wherein a groove is formed on at least one surface of the substrate, and the intermediate layer forming step forms the intermediate layer on a surface on the side where the groove is formed. .
- the base material preparing step includes preparing a base material in which a second groove is further formed on a surface of the base material opposite to the surface on which the groove is formed.
- ⁇ 8> The method for producing a superconducting conductor according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the groove is formed continuously from one end to the other end of the base material.
- a substrate having a groove on at least one surface;
- a superconducting layer formed on the surface excluding at least the groove on the side on which the groove is formed,
- the superconducting layer is a superconducting conductor formed so as to cover a corner portion where an inner wall surface of the groove portion of the base and a surface on which the superconducting layer is formed are in contact.
- ⁇ 12> The superconducting conductor according to ⁇ 11>, wherein a depth of the groove is equal to or greater than a thickness of the superconducting layer and less than a thickness of the base material.
- ⁇ 14> The superconducting conductor according to any one of ⁇ 11> to ⁇ 13>, further including a second groove on a surface of the base material opposite to the surface on which the groove is formed.
- the surface roughness Ra of one surface is less than 0.02 ⁇ m, A substrate for a superconducting conductor in which a groove is formed on the one surface.
- the superconducting conductor manufacturing method which can suppress the deterioration of the insulation characteristic in the thinning process and a superconducting characteristic, a superconducting conductor, and the base material for superconducting conductors used for the manufacturing method of this superconducting conductor are obtained. be able to.
- the method for producing a superconducting conductor of the present invention comprises a base material preparing step of preparing a base material having grooves formed on at least one surface, and forming a superconducting layer on the surface of the base material on the side where the grooves are formed. A superconducting layer forming step and a cutting step of cutting the substrate at the groove.
- the superconducting conductor of the present invention manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the above embodiment has a base material having a groove on at least one surface and a surface excluding at least the groove on the side where the groove of the base material is formed. And the superconducting layer is formed so as to cover a corner portion where the inner wall surface of the groove portion of the substrate is in contact with the surface on which the superconducting layer is formed.
- the substrate on the superconducting layer side is the surface, the surface opposite to the surface is the back surface, the bottom of the groove is the bottom surface, the surface other than the bottom surface of the groove is the inner wall surface, the back surface,
- the substrate has a superconducting layer formed so as to cover the surface of the base material and the corner portion where the surface contacts the inner wall surface.
- the superconducting layer may be formed so as to cover a corner portion where the surface and the side surface are in contact with each other.
- the groove is formed continuously from one end to the other end of the base material, and the base material preparation step further includes a substrate preparation step in which a substrate is prepared.
- the method for manufacturing a superconducting conductor includes the following steps.
- the following intermediate layer forming step and the following protective layer forming step may be omitted.
- a base material may consist only of a board
- Board preparation process base material preparation process 1
- FIG. 1A a step of preparing a substrate 10 (base material 100) in which grooves 50 are formed on at least one surface.
- the intermediate layer 20 is formed on the surface of the substrate 10 where the groove 50 is formed, and the base material 100 is formed.
- Superconducting layer forming step As shown in FIG. 1B, the intermediate layer 20 is formed.
- Step of forming superconducting layer 30 and protective layer forming step As shown in FIG. 1B, step of forming protective layer 40 on superconducting layer 30 and cutting step As shown in FIG. Cutting 100
- the superconducting layer 30 on the intermediate layer 20 in this order, and the surface of the substrate 100 on the superconducting layer 30 side is the surface, and the surface opposite to the surface.
- the bottom of the groove 50 is the bottom surface 50A
- the surface other than the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50 is the inner wall surface 50B
- the surfaces other than the back surface, the bottom surface, the inner wall surface, and the surface are side surfaces.
- the corner covering portion 30A of the superconducting layer 30 Covering the surfaces of the substrate 10 and the intermediate layer 20) and covering the corners where the surface and the side surface are in contact with each other and the corners where the surface and the inner wall surface 50B are in contact with each other with the corner covering portion 30A of the superconducting layer 30.
- the superconducting conductor according to this embodiment formed in It is.
- the intermediate layer 20 is also formed so as to cover the corner portion where the surface 10A of the substrate 10 and the inner wall surface 50B of the groove 50 are in contact with each other and the corner portion where the surface and the side surface are in contact with each other.
- the corner covering portion 30A of the superconducting layer 30 covers a part of the corner covering portion 20A.
- the corner covering portion 30A may be formed so as to cover a part of the side surface and the inner wall surface 50B of the substrate 100, and further, the side surface of the intermediate layer 20 and the entire inner wall surface 50B. It may be formed so as to cover. Further, the corner covering portion 30 ⁇ / b> A may be formed so as to cover the inner wall surface 50 ⁇ / b> B of the groove 50.
- the covered area may not be uniform in the longitudinal direction. Part of the superconducting layer 30 can suppress peeling between a plurality of layers constituting the substrate 100.
- the form in which the intermediate layer 20 and the protective layer 40 cover the side surfaces and the inner wall surfaces of the respective lower layers may not be uniform in the longitudinal direction as in the superconducting layer 30.
- the substrate (superconducting conductor substrate) 10 may have various shapes such as a tape shape, a plate material, and a strip.
- the material of the substrate 10 include Cu, Ni, Ti, Mo, Nb, Ta, W, Mn, Fe, Ag, and the like, which have a material strength higher than 150 in terms of Hv hardness and excellent in high strength and heat resistance.
- the containing alloy can be used. Particularly preferred are stainless steel, Hastelloy (registered trademark) and other nickel-based alloys which are excellent in terms of corrosion resistance and heat resistance.
- various ceramics may be arranged on these various metal materials, and furthermore, a ceramic simple substance may be sufficient.
- Groove shape A groove 50 is formed in the substrate 10. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the groove 50 preferably has a shape extending in one direction, and more preferably has a shape extending in the longitudinal direction in the case of a long substrate.
- the cross-sectional shape of the groove 50 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from square, rectangular, U-shaped, V-shaped, R-shaped, trapezoidal, short shape, and the like.
- the opening area of the groove 50 of the substrate 10 is not the same in the depth direction, and the opening area of the groove 50 at the surface position of the substrate 10 (that is, the uppermost opening area of the groove 50) is the surface area of the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50.
- the opening area of the uppermost part of the groove 50 is more preferably the largest. In this way, by making the uppermost opening area of the groove 50 larger than the surface area of the bottom surface 50 ⁇ / b> A, the cutting means can easily enter the groove 50 when the substrate 10 is cut from the superconducting layer 30 side by the groove 50. In addition, films (for example, the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30) formed on the substrate 10 can easily cover the corners where the surface 10A of the substrate 10 and the inner wall surface 50B of the groove 50 are in contact.
- the groove 50 may be formed continuously from one end to the other end of the substrate 10 as shown in FIG. 4A, or may be formed intermittently as shown in FIG. 4B. Furthermore, an irregular repetitive form or a patterned form may be used. However, when manufacturing a plurality of superconducting conductors cut by the “cutting step” described later, it is preferable to have a groove 50 formed continuously from one end to the other end shown in FIG. 4A.
- the depth of the groove 50 is preferably not less than the thickness of the superconducting layer 30, more preferably not less than the total thickness of the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30, and the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30. It is particularly preferable that the total thickness of the protective layer 40 is not less than the total thickness. Deposits are also deposited on the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50 when the intermediate layer 20, the superconducting layer 30 and the protective layer 40 are formed, and a deposit layer is formed. In addition, electrical insulation between the superconducting layer 30 formed in a portion other than the groove 50 and the deposit layer on the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50 can be achieved more efficiently.
- the upper limit of the depth of the groove 50 may be less than the thickness of the substrate 10, and is more preferably 50% or less of the thickness of the substrate 10 from the viewpoint of strength and the like.
- the depth of the groove is 50 times the thickness of the substrate 10 to ensure strength.
- the depth of the groove is 0.1% of the thickness of the substrate 10 in order to keep the superconducting conductors excluding the groove 50 connected to each other. It is more desirable to set it to 50%.
- the depth of the groove 50 in the longitudinal direction is preferably constant, but the depth of the groove may vary in the longitudinal direction.
- the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall surface 50B of the groove 50 is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to the above upper limit value, the generation of current paths in the width direction due to abnormal discharge caused by the protrusions on the inner wall surface 50B of the groove 50 can be suppressed.
- the surface roughness Ra is equal to or more than the above lower limit value, the orientation in the deposit layer on the inner wall surface 50B of the groove 50 generated when the intermediate layer 20, the superconducting layer 30, and the protective layer 40 are formed is suppressed. As a result, superconductivity in the deposit layer in the groove 50 can be suppressed.
- the surface roughness Ra is more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. If Ra of the inner wall surface 50B of the groove 50 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the orientation of the deposit layer in the groove 50 is suppressed, and as a result, superconductivity in the deposit layer can be suppressed, and the current path in the width direction can be reduced. It can be effectively suppressed. On the other hand, if the surface roughness Ra is 15 ⁇ m or less, not only the superconductivity of the deposit layer can be suppressed, but also macro projections may be formed in the grooves 50, or fine particles of deposited components may be scattered inside the grooves.
- the surface roughness Ra of the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50 is also preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, like the inner wall surface 50B. Further, like the inner wall surface 50B, the surface roughness Ra of the bottom surface 50A is more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. By controlling the surface roughness Ra of the bottom surface 50A in the same manner as the inner wall surface 50B, the current path of the groove 50 can be more effectively suppressed.
- the surface roughness Ra on the surface 10A (excluding the inner wall surface of the groove 50) on which the intermediate layer 20 is formed in the substrate 10 is preferably less than 0.02 ⁇ m. When the thickness is 0.02 ⁇ m or more, it is difficult to obtain a desired orientation in the intermediate layer 20. Further, the surface roughness Ra of the side surface of the substrate 10 is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, like the inner wall surface 50B. Is more preferable.
- both end sides in the width direction of the surface 10A on which the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30 of the substrate 10 are formed can be formed in the same laminated form. And has the effect of maintaining the same peeling suppression effect.
- the measurement of the surface roughness Ra can be performed by the following method. It is measured using a stylus type surface roughness measuring instrument according to the method specified in JIS B 0651-2001.
- the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall surface 50B and the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50 corresponds to the inner wall surface position and the bottom portion position of the grooved roll if the groove 50 is formed using, for example, a grooved roll.
- the surface roughness Ra of the part may be measured, and the value may be set as the value of the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall surface 50B and the bottom surface 50A.
- the surface roughness of the side surface of the substrate 10 can be formed to a desired surface roughness by edger molding or mechanical polishing.
- the position where the second groove 52 is formed may be a position corresponding to the groove 50 as shown in FIG. 3, or a position not corresponding to the position of the groove 50, that is, a position shifted from the groove 50.
- the preferred shape and preferred range of the second groove 52 are the same as those of the aforementioned groove 50, but the shape and depth of the second groove 52 are grooves provided on the opposite surface of the substrate 10. 50 may be the same combination or a different combination.
- the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall surface 52B and the bottom surface 52A of the second groove 52 is preferably the same as that of the inner wall surface 50B and the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50, but is not necessarily the same.
- the timing for forming the second groove 52 may be the same as the formation of the first groove 50, but after forming the first groove 50, the intermediate layer 20, the superconducting layer 30, and the protective layer The timing after each of the 40 films can be arbitrarily selected.
- the second groove 52 may be formed a plurality of times.
- the shape of the second groove 52 is an R shape at a portion where the back surface and the inner wall surface 50 ⁇ / b> B constituting the second groove 52 are in contact with each other from the viewpoint of suppressing the thickness variation that occurs when the second groove 52 is formed. It is preferable. Further, in order to maintain the strength, the first groove 50 is made shallow (half the thickness of the substrate), and after forming the protective layer 40, the second groove 52 corresponds to the first groove 50. You may form in the location of the back surface. Further, the second groove 52 is not necessarily formed after the formation of the first groove 50, and the first groove 50 may be formed after the second groove 52. Furthermore, a third groove intersecting with the second groove 52 may be further provided (not shown in FIG. 3).
- the substrate 10 can be bent more favorably.
- the cutting at the groove 50 can be performed better.
- the third groove formed in the width direction of the superconducting conductor (direction intersecting the second groove 52) is formed so as to easily follow the curvature of the winding frame, bobbin, former, etc. around which the superconducting conductor is wound. Yes.
- the third groove is desirably formed at one or more places in the longitudinal direction. Note that the third groove need not intersect the second groove 52 perpendicularly, and may be formed obliquely in the longitudinal direction.
- the first groove 50, the second groove 52, and the third groove By forming the first groove 50, the second groove 52, and the third groove, it is possible to provide a superconducting conductor having good superconducting characteristics and excellent winding properties. Further, when the third groove is formed obliquely in the longitudinal direction, it can be processed into a winding without deteriorating the superconducting layer 30. As will be described later, when the second groove 52 is formed at a position corresponding to the groove 50 of the substrate 10 in the case of having a cutting step of cutting at the portion of the groove 50, It is more preferable to perform cutting by laser or slit processing from both sides of the second groove 52 side.
- a substrate 10 having a desired width for example, Hastelloy (registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes), which is a nickel-based heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy
- a desired width for example, Hastelloy (registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes), which is a nickel-based heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy
- the surface is further modified to a highly flat substrate surface by adding a polishing process.
- the substrate 10 is subjected to at least the substrate 10 during the step of applying cold rolling (the step of processing from the plate thickness before rolling to the final plate thickness after rolling) or after the mechanical and chemical polishing steps.
- a groove 50 corresponding to a desired width is formed on one surface.
- Examples of the method for forming the groove 50 include a method in which the groove shape is reduced with a grooving roll and a continuous or intermittent groove is processed at an arbitrary depth.
- the cross-sectional shape of the groove can be arbitrarily selected by a grooving roll.
- the finished thickness of the substrate 10 is, for example, 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, for example, a groove depth corresponding to 5% to 30% of the thickness of 100 ⁇ m is preferable, and more preferably 10% to 20%.
- the opening width of the groove is preferably 0.1 mm to 3 mm, more preferably 1 mm or more, and can be arbitrarily set.
- the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30 are stacked on the surface 10 ⁇ / b> A of the substrate 10, the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30 are stacked in the groove 50 along the corners formed in the substrate 10. At this time, it is possible to suppress peeling between the respective layers forming the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30.
- a laser can be used as a method of forming the groove 50.
- the substrate 10 is brought to a desired width on at least one side of the substrate 10 during the cold rolling process or after mechanical and chemical polishing processes.
- Corresponding grooves 50 are formed.
- channel by a laser with the final rolled sheet thickness in a cold rolling process is more preferable. It is also possible to re-groove with a laser at the position where the groove is formed by the grooving roll. Alternatively, it is also possible to alternately perform groove formation with a grooving roll and laser grooving.
- the grooving roll has a grooving effect and an effect of forming the inside of the groove and flattening the inside of the groove.
- the width of the groove opening in the laser is preferably 0.02 mm to 3 mm, and can be arbitrarily set.
- the second groove 52 and the third groove can also be formed in accordance with the method for forming the groove 50.
- the intermediate layer 20 is a layer formed on the substrate 10 in order to realize high in-plane orientation in the superconducting layer 30, and physical characteristics such as a coefficient of thermal expansion and a lattice constant are different from those of the substrate 10 and the superconducting layer 30.
- the intermediate value with the oxide superconductor which comprises is shown.
- the intermediate layer 20 may be a single layer or a multilayer composed of two or more layers. Examples of the intermediate layer 20 include a bed layer, a biaxially oriented layer, and a cap layer.
- the constituent material of the bed layer 22 includes Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7- ⁇ (-1 ⁇ ⁇ 1, hereinafter referred to as GZO), YAlO 3 (yttrium aluminate), YSZ (yttria protected zirconia), Y 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , Sc 2 O 3 , REZrO, RE 2 O 3 and the like can be used, among which GZO, Y 2 O 3 and YSZ are suitable.
- RE represents a single rare earth element or a plurality of rare earth elements.
- the bed layer 22 may have a function of improving biaxial orientation, for example.
- GZO is preferably used as a constituent material of the bed layer 22 in order to have a function of improving the biaxial orientation.
- the film thickness of the bed layer 22 is not specifically limited, For example, it is 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- Examples of a method for forming (depositing) the bed layer 22 include a method of forming a film by an RF sputtering method in an argon atmosphere.
- an inert gas ion for example, Ar +
- a vapor deposition source GZO or the like
- the film formation conditions at this time are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and the film thickness of the bed layer 22, for example, RF sputtering output: 100 W to 500 W, substrate transport speed: 10 m / h to 100 m / h, Film temperature: 20 ° C.
- the bed layer 22 can be formed by ion beam sputtering in which ions generated by an ion generator (ion gun) collide with a vapor deposition source.
- the bed layer 22 may have a multilayer structure such as a combination of a Y 2 O 3 layer and an Al 2 O 3 layer.
- the biaxially oriented layer 24 is formed on the bed layer 22 and is a layer for orienting the crystals of the superconducting layer 30 in a certain direction.
- the constituent material of the biaxially oriented layer 24 include polycrystalline materials such as MgO, CeO 2 , YSZ, and NbO. Among these, it is preferable to contain MgO.
- the film thickness of the biaxial orientation layer 24 is not specifically limited, For example, they are 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- a method for forming (depositing) the biaxially oriented layer 24 a method in which target particles are knocked out from a target (vapor deposition source) by a sputtering method, and the target particles thus knocked out are stacked on the bed layer 22 is preferable.
- a method of laminating by a sputtering method IBAD method: Ion Beam Assisted Deposition
- target particles from a target are deposited on the film formation surface while irradiating an ion beam obliquely with respect to the film formation surface.
- the film formation conditions at this time are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and film thickness of the biaxially oriented layer 24.
- IBAD assisted ion beam voltage 800 V to 1500 V
- IBAD assist ion beam current 80 mA to 350 mA
- IBAD assist ion beam acceleration voltage 200
- V -RF sputtering output 800 W or more and 1500 W or less-Substrate transport speed: 80 m / h or more and 500 m / h or less-Film forming temperature: 5 ° C or more and 250 ° C or less is preferable.
- cap layer further on the said biaxial orientation layer 24.
- the cap layer is formed on the biaxially oriented layer 24 and is a layer for protecting the biaxially oriented layer 24 and enhancing lattice matching with the superconducting layer 30.
- the material for the cap layer include LaMnO 3 (LMO), CeO 2 , MgO, YSZ, and SrTiO 3 (STO).
- the cap layer may be a single layer or may be composed of two or more layers as shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 1B shows a cap layer composed of two layers, a first cap layer 26 and a second cap layer 28.
- the cap layer is formed by sputtering, for example, with a first cap layer 26 made of LMO formed by sputtering. And a combination with the second cap layer 28 made of CeO 2 .
- the thickness of the cap layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 nm or more, and more preferably 300 nm or more in order to obtain sufficient orientation.
- Examples of a method for forming (depositing) the cap layer include film formation by a PLD method or an RF sputtering method.
- the film formation conditions by the RF sputtering method are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and the film thickness of the cap layer. For example: RF sputtering output 400 W to 1000 W It is preferable that it is 450 degreeC or more and 800 degrees C or less.
- the superconducting layer 30 is preferably formed on the intermediate layer 20 and made of an oxide superconductor, particularly a copper oxide superconductor.
- an oxide superconductor particularly a copper oxide superconductor.
- a crystal material represented by a composition formula such as REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ (referred to as RE-123) can be used.
- RE in REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ is a single rare earth element or a plurality of rare earth elements such as Y, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, Of these, Y is often used. Further, ⁇ is an oxygen nonstoichiometric amount, for example, 0 or more and 1 or less, and is preferably closer to 0 from the viewpoint of a high superconducting transition temperature.
- the film thickness of the superconducting layer 30 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, not less than 0.8 ⁇ m and not more than 10 ⁇ m.
- Examples of a method for forming (depositing) the superconducting layer 30 include a TFA-MOD method, a PLD method, a CVD method, an MOCVD method, and a sputtering method.
- a method for forming (depositing) the superconducting layer 30 includes a TFA-MOD method, a PLD method, a CVD method, an MOCVD method, and a sputtering method.
- the film formation conditions when the MOCVD method is used are appropriately set depending on the constituent material and film thickness of the superconducting layer 30, for example, ⁇ Substrate transport speed: 80 m / h or more and 500 m / h or less ⁇ Film formation temperature: 800 ° C. to 900 ° C. It is preferable that Moreover, it is preferable to carry out in oxygen gas atmosphere from a viewpoint of making oxygen nonstoichiometric amount (delta) small and improving a superconducting characteristic.
- a protective layer (stabilizing layer) 40 made of silver may be formed on the upper surface of the superconducting layer 30 as described above, for example, by sputtering. Further, after the protective layer 40 is formed to produce a superconducting conductor, the superconducting conductor may be subjected to heat treatment.
- the method of forming the said protective layer with the following method is mentioned.
- target particles silica particles
- a target vapor deposition source
- the normal line on the surface of the superconducting layer 30 By irradiating and depositing the target particles in a range wider than the width of the superconducting layer 30 from the direction, the protective layer 40 can be formed so that the corners of the superconducting layer 30 are covered with the corner covering portions 40A.
- the covering part made of silver may be formed in the deepest part on the side surface of the groove 50 by adjusting the irradiation angle with respect to the surface of the superconducting layer 30 to a position where the angle is increased or decreased with respect to the normal direction. I can do it. These are also effective in the multi-turn system.
- deposits are also deposited on the bottom surface 50A of the groove 50 when the intermediate layer 20, the superconducting layer 30, and the protective layer 40 are formed.
- the deposit layer is electrically insulated from the superconducting layer 30. If the deposit layer is electrically connected to the superconducting layer 30, it may be removed later by a grooving roll or the like after the formation of the protective layer 40.
- the deposit layer may be removed by mechanical polishing or chemical treatment inside the groove 50. Moreover, you may remove by the combination of the removal method by said grooving roll etc., and the removal method by mechanical grinding
- a cutting process is a process of cutting the said board
- the groove 50 is cut using a laser cutting method or a slitting cutting method.
- cutting at the groove 50 for example, when cutting at a continuous groove 50 as shown in FIG. 4A, it is preferable to cut along the long axis direction of the groove 50, as shown in FIG. 4B.
- cutting at the intermittent grooves 50 it is preferable to cut along the direction in which the plurality of grooves 50 are arranged. That is, by forming the grooves 50 at a desired interval in advance, a superconducting conductor having a desired width can be formed.
- the cutting length direction it is not limited to cutting at the same groove position and the same direction position from one end to the other end of the base material, but continuous cutting from one end to the other end of the base material may be performed. . Since the superconducting layer 30 of the superconducting conductor after thinning can be cut without giving a large thermal history, deterioration of the superconducting characteristics at the end of the superconducting layer 30 of the thinned superconducting conductor can be suppressed.
- the second groove 52 is further formed at a position corresponding to the groove 50 on the surface opposite to the surface on which the groove 50 of the substrate 10 is formed. It is more preferable to perform cutting by laser or slit processing from both sides of the second groove 52 side.
- the groove 50 and the second groove 52 are located at corresponding positions, and the thickness of the thinned superconducting conductor (the substrate 10, the intermediate layer 20, the superconducting layer 30, the protective layer is cut by cutting the grooves 50 and 52. 40) There is little change in thickness due to the cutting, and a highly accurate dimension can be secured.
- the cutting step is preferably performed at least after the intermediate layer forming step, more preferably after the superconducting layer forming step, and particularly preferably after forming the protective layer 40.
- this stabilization layer is formed by plating, the groove 50 and the second groove 52 are at corresponding positions, and the dimensions of the thinned superconducting conductor are ensured by cutting at the groove 50 and 52 portions. Therefore, the thickness of the superconducting conductor covered with the stabilizing layer can be easily and more uniformly ensured.
- the superconducting conductor formed by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment has a trace 60 as a trace of the bottom surface 50 ⁇ / b> A of the groove 50 on the base material 100 corresponding to the position where the groove 50 is formed. Remains.
- the base material 100 has a shear fracture surface trace or laser welding trace remaining in the range from the bottom surface 50 ⁇ / b> A of the groove 50 to the back surface (the side where the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30 are not formed). May remain. These can be suppressed by appropriately determining the cutting direction at the time of cutting. Further, the trace 60 can be deleted using a laser, and a flat cut surface without a protrusion can be obtained.
- the deletion of the trace 60 is performed on the side opposite to the superconducting layer 30, the influence of the thermal history on the superconducting layer 30 is small.
- the trace 60 has the effect of fixing the movement of adjacent superconducting conductors, it is effective to leave the trace 60 on the superconducting conductor.
- an insulating material is wound around the superconducting conductor, it also has an effect of suppressing the displacement of the insulating material. Note that only one of the traces 60 may be left at two cut surfaces of the thinned superconducting conductor.
- a plurality of grooves 50 are left as they are instead of cutting all the grooves 50 in the cutting step, so that a plurality of pieces are formed on one substrate 10 as shown in FIG. 1B.
- a superconducting conductor having the divided superconducting layer 30 can also be manufactured.
- the superconducting conductor having the superconducting layer 30 divided into a plurality on one substrate 10 as shown in FIG. 1B is a manufacturing method having no cutting process, that is, a process having a substrate preparation process and a superconducting layer forming process. It can also be produced by a method (which may further include an intermediate layer forming step and a protective layer forming step if necessary).
- the superconducting conductor shown in FIG. 1B can be used, for example, by placing a superconducting conductor bent in the width direction at the groove portion on the outer peripheral surface along the long axis direction of the cylindrical object.
- FIG. 7 shows a plurality of superconducting conductors 1 (six in FIG. 7, 10 mm in width) in which the superconducting conductor is bent in the width direction at the outer peripheral surface of a copper cylindrical object 11 having a diameter of 22 mm in a spiral shape. It is a figure which shows the aspect of the cross section wound around (spiral winding).
- the gap length (predetermined interval) between the superconducting conductors 1 is about 1.5 mm.
- Each superconducting conductor 1 is formed with two grooves 50 as shown in FIG. 1B.
- the groove 50 may be a groove formed continuously from one end to the other end of the substrate 100 as shown in FIG. 4A or an intermittently formed groove as shown in FIG. 4B. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the second groove 52 is provided on the surface of the substrate 100 opposite to the side where the groove 50 is provided, so that the true radius of the cylindrical object 11 is increased.
- spiral winding can be performed more easily under tension without the influence of bending strain on the superconducting layer 30.
- a notch penetrating the base material 100 may be made in the groove 50 portion.
- the thinned superconducting conductor 1 can be kept in shape without being separated, and spiral winding around the cylindrical object 11 can be performed more easily.
- the notches can be formed by using a laser or the like.
- the superconducting conductor obtained by cutting all the grooves 50 in the cutting step can be a superconducting conductor thinned to a desired width. And is suitably used for superconducting magnets.
- the intermediate layer 20 may be composed of one layer or may have another layer.
- oxygen non-stoichiometric amount ⁇ such as YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- ⁇ described above has been described as being zero or more (indicating a positive value), but may be a negative value.
- the laser cutting method has a problem that superconducting characteristics are deteriorated due to heat generated by laser irradiation during processing. Specifically, fusing marks due to heat generation are generated on the cut surface by the laser, and the shape of the cut surface is nonuniform. At this time, the heat generated by the laser irradiation has an adverse effect on the superconducting properties, and the fusing mark on the cut surface is unstable when the stabilization layer such as copper plating is further formed after the laser cutting. As a result, there is a problem that the superconducting characteristics are deteriorated and the insulating characteristics of the superconducting conductor are deteriorated.
- the apparent superconducting conductor has a large size, and when processed into a winding or the like for a device, the current density as the device is lowered. It was.
- the dimensional accuracy of the superconducting conductor in the equipment is poor, non-uniform stress is applied to the superconducting layer in the superconducting conductor, resulting in deterioration of superconducting characteristics.
- the poor dimensional accuracy of the superconducting conductor may induce movement of the superconducting conductor during excitation, which may cause magnet quenching. As described above, there is a problem of affecting the long-term stability as a device.
- the superconducting layer of the superconducting conductor after thinning by the laser is given a large thermal history, the superconducting characteristic (critical current characteristic) at the end of the superconducting layer 30 that becomes a cut portion is deteriorated.
- the laser cutting has a problem of facilitating peeling between the intermediate layer and the superconducting layer laminated on the substrate.
- the method of cutting by slit processing also has a problem that the superconducting characteristics are deteriorated by applying the shearing force at the time of cutting directly to the superconducting layer.
- a protrusion mark (so-called burr) due to shearing is generated at the cutting site, and the shape of the cut surface is nonuniform.
- a stabilization layer such as copper plating is further formed after cutting by slitting, it may cause instability of the shape of the stabilization layer, resulting in deterioration of superconducting properties and superconductivity as in laser cutting.
- the grooves are previously formed as shown in FIG. 1A.
- the intermediate layer 20 and the superconducting layer 30 are stacked on the substrate 10 on which the substrate 50 is formed. Therefore, the superconductivity is divided into a plurality of parts on one substrate 10 without cutting the superconducting layer 30.
- a superconducting conductor having the layer 30 can be formed.
- the occurrence of fusing marks when using a laser or projection marks when using slit processing is suppressed, nonuniformity in shape can be suppressed, and deterioration of the superconducting properties of the superconducting conductor can be suppressed. it can.
- the corner portion where the surface and the side surface of the superconducting layer 30 are in contact is covered with the corner portion covering portion 40A. Therefore, the side surface of the superconducting layer 30 can be protected by the protective layer 40 as compared with the conventional example in which the corner covering portion 40A is not formed on the cut surface. Further, delamination between the stacked layers (between the superconducting layer 30 and the intermediate layer 20 or between the layers in the intermediate layer 20) can be suppressed on the side surface of the portion divided by the groove 50.
- the superconducting conductor itself can be cut by cutting the substrate 10 in the groove 50 portion. That is, the occurrence of fusing marks and protrusion marks in the intermediate layer 20, the superconducting layer 30, the protective layer 40, etc. formed in portions other than the grooves 50 is suppressed, the nonuniformity of the shape is suppressed, and the superconducting properties of the superconducting conductor are suppressed. Can be suppressed.
- the corner portion where the surface and the side surface of the superconducting layer 30 are in contact with each other is covered with the corner portion covering portion 40A. Therefore, the side surface of the superconducting layer 30 can be protected by the protective layer 40 as compared with the conventional example in which the corner covering portion 40A is not formed on the cut surface. Further, delamination between the stacked layers (between the superconducting layer 30 and the intermediate layer 20 or between the layers in the intermediate layer 20) can be suppressed on the side surface of the portion divided by the groove 50.
- Example 1 A low-magnetic non-oriented metal tape base material (Hastelloy (registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes), which is a nickel-based heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy) was prepared. The material shape at this time is 0.25 mm thick ⁇ 75 mm wide. This tape base material was processed into a tape base material of 0.2 mm thickness ⁇ 75 mm width ⁇ 550 m by a 12-high rolling mill having a roll diameter of ⁇ 20 mm. Next, a U-shaped groove having a groove depth of 50 ⁇ m and a groove opening width of 1 mm was formed using a grooving roll, and cold rolling was performed.
- Hastelloy registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes
- GZO layer a Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 (GZO) layer (film thickness: 110 nm) was formed at room temperature by an ion beam sputtering method on the surface of the metal tape substrate finished with a surface roughness Ra of 0.0011 ⁇ m. .
- an MgO layer (film thickness: 3 to 5 nm) is formed at 200 to 300 ° C. by the IBAD method, and then a LaMnO 3 layer (film thickness: 30 nm) is formed at 600 to 700 ° C. by the RF sputtering method. Further, a CeO 2 layer (film thickness: 400 nm) was formed at 500 to 600 ° C. by RF sputtering.
- the critical current (Ic) was measured using a four-terminal method in a state of being immersed in liquid nitrogen for 500 m ⁇ 6 strips. The measurement was performed at a pitch of 1 m and the voltage terminal interval was 1.2 m. The energization characteristics of the superconducting wire were measured with a definition of 1 ⁇ V / cm. 290 A or more was confirmed at all measurement positions of the critical current (Ic).
- Example 2 A low-magnetic non-oriented metal tape base material (Hastelloy (registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes), which is a nickel-based heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy) was prepared. The material shape at this time is 0.25 mm thick ⁇ 30 mm wide. This tape base material was processed into a tape base material of 0.2 mm thickness ⁇ 30 mm width ⁇ 250 m by a 12-high rolling mill having a roll diameter of ⁇ 20 mm. Next, a V-shaped groove having a groove depth of 50 ⁇ m and a groove opening width of 1 mm was formed using a grooving roll, and cold rolling was performed.
- Hastelloy registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes
- V-shaped grooves Six rows of the V-shaped grooves are arranged at a pitch of 4 mm in the width direction, and are formed in parallel to the length direction. Thereafter, cold rolling was continued to produce a tape base material having a thickness of 0.1 mm ⁇ 30 mm width and six rows of grooves. At this time, the groove depth was 25 ⁇ m ⁇ the groove upper opening width was 1 mm. In the second half of the cold rolling process, the inside of the groove was formed using a grooving roll. The surface roughness Ra of the bottom of the groove was 0.045 ⁇ m. Thereafter, TA (tension annealing treatment) was performed for the purpose of shape improvement, and a flat metal substrate was obtained. Thereafter, the surface of the metal tape substrate was finished to 0.001 ⁇ m with a surface roughness Ra by mechanical polishing.
- TA tension annealing treatment
- the GZO layer, IBAD-MgO layer, LMO layer, CeO 2 layer, superconducting layer, and protective layer were formed by the method described in Example 1.
- the critical current (Ic) was measured using a four-terminal method in a state where 200 m ⁇ 5 strips were immersed in liquid nitrogen. The measurement was performed at a pitch of 1 m, and the voltage terminal interval was 1.2 m. The energization characteristics of the superconducting wire were measured with a definition of 1 ⁇ V / cm. 96A or more was confirmed at all the measurement positions of the critical current (Ic).
- Example 3 A low-magnetic non-oriented metal tape base material (Hastelloy (registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes), which is a nickel-based heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy) was prepared. The material shape at this time is 0.25 mm thick ⁇ 35 mm wide. This tape base material was processed into a tape base material of 0.2 mm thickness ⁇ 35 mm width ⁇ 250 m by a 12-high rolling mill having a roll diameter of ⁇ 20 mm. Next, a V-shaped groove having a groove depth of 50 ⁇ m and a groove opening width of 0.5 mm was formed using a grooving roll, and cold rolling was performed.
- Hastelloy registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes
- V-shaped grooves are arranged in 13 rows at a pitch of 2 mm in the width direction, and are formed in parallel to the length direction.
- cold rolling was continued to produce a tape substrate having a thickness of 0.1 mm ⁇ 35 mm and a groove row of 13 rows.
- the groove depth at this time was 25 ⁇ m ⁇ the groove upper opening width was 0.5 mm.
- the inside of the groove was formed using a grooving roll.
- the surface roughness Ra of the bottom of the groove was 0.05 ⁇ m.
- TA tension annealing treatment
- a flat metal substrate was obtained.
- the surface of the metal tape substrate was finished to 0.0012 ⁇ m with a surface roughness Ra by mechanical polishing.
- the GZO layer, IBAD-MgO layer, LMO layer, CeO 2 layer, superconducting layer, and protective layer were formed by the method described in Example 1.
- the critical current (Ic) was measured using a four-terminal method in a state of being immersed in liquid nitrogen for 200 m. The measurement was performed at a pitch of 1 m, and the voltage terminal interval was 1.2 m. The energization characteristics of the superconducting wire were measured with a definition of 1 ⁇ V / cm. 192 A or more was confirmed at all measurement positions of the critical current (Ic). Further, in the measurement of 2 mm pitch width, 48 A or more was confirmed in each array of 2 mm width.
- a low-magnetic non-oriented metal tape base material (Hastelloy (registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes), which is a nickel-based heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy) was prepared. The material shape at this time is 0.25 mm thick ⁇ 30 mm wide.
- This tape base material was processed into a tape base material of 0.1 mm thickness ⁇ 30 mm width ⁇ 250 m by a 12-high rolling mill having a roll diameter of ⁇ 20 mm. Thereafter, TA (tension annealing treatment) was performed for the purpose of shape improvement, and a flat metal substrate was obtained. Thereafter, the surface of the metal tape substrate was finished to 0.0011 ⁇ m with a surface roughness Ra by mechanical polishing.
- the GZO layer, IBAD-MgO layer, LMO layer, CeO 2 layer, superconducting layer, and protective layer were formed by the method described in Example 1.
- the tape base material was cut into 4 mm wide ⁇ 300 m ⁇ 5 superconducting wire by slit processing. Furthermore, oxygen annealing was performed at 550 ° C. in an oxygen stream to obtain a superconducting wire. When the cut surface was observed with the naked eye, projection marks that were thought to be due to shearing of the slit processing were observed.
- the critical current (Ic) was measured using a four-terminal method in a state of being immersed in liquid nitrogen for 200 m. The measurement was performed at a pitch of 1 m and the voltage terminal interval was 1.2 m. The energization characteristics of the superconducting wire were measured with a definition of 1 ⁇ V / cm. 84 A or more was confirmed at all measurement positions of the critical current (Ic).
- Table 1 shows the superconducting characteristics of the superconducting wires obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 1 even when slitting to a width of 10 mm, it was confirmed that it had a critical current (Ic) comparable to that of the conventional wire. Further, it can be seen that Example 2 has a higher Ic than Example 1 even in the case of the same size and shape. Further, even in Example 3 having a 4-split structure, Ic at 2 mm width divided by 1 was 48 A, and it was confirmed that the value was just half that of Ic of Example 2 with 4 mm width not having a split structure. did it. This means that the performance of the superconducting layer portion between the grooves was not deteriorated when dividing.
- Examples 4-1 to 4-11 A low-magnetic non-oriented metal tape base material (Hastelloy (registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes), which is a nickel-based heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy) was prepared. The material shape at this time is 0.25 mm thick ⁇ 35 mm wide. This tape base material was processed into a tape base material of 0.2 mm thickness ⁇ 35 mm width ⁇ 250 m by a 12-high rolling mill having a roll diameter of ⁇ 20 mm. Next, a U-shaped groove having a groove depth of 50 ⁇ m and a groove opening width of 0.5 mm was formed using a grooving roll, and cold rolling was performed.
- Hastelloy registered trademark, manufactured by Haynes
- the U-shaped grooves are arranged in 13 rows at a pitch of 2 mm in the width direction, and are formed in parallel to the length direction. Thereafter, cold rolling was continued to produce a tape substrate having a thickness of 0.1 mm ⁇ 35 mm and a groove row of 13 rows. The groove depth at this time was 25 ⁇ m ⁇ the groove upper opening width was 0.5 mm. In the second half of the cold rolling process, the inside of the groove was formed using a grooving roll. At this time, in each tape base material in Examples 4-1 to 4-11, the surface roughness Ra of the bottom of the groove was adjusted between 0.01 ⁇ m and 60 ⁇ m as shown in Table 2 below. Thereafter, TA (tension annealing treatment) was performed for the purpose of shape improvement, and a flat metal substrate was obtained. Thereafter, the surface of the metal tape substrate was finished to 0.0012 ⁇ m with a surface roughness Ra by mechanical polishing.
- the superconducting wire at this time was cut into 8 mm width ⁇ 250 m ⁇ 3 superconducting wires at the position of the groove on the surface of the tape substrate by a slit processing method.
- a pre-formed groove (a part of the 13-row groove described above) is arranged on the 8 mm-wide tape base material so as to divide the width direction into four at a pitch of 2 mm.
- the critical current (Ic) was measured using a four-terminal method. The measurement was performed at a pitch of 1 m, and the voltage terminal interval was 1.2 m.
- the energization characteristics of the superconducting wire were measured with a definition of 1 ⁇ V / cm.
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Abstract
Description
尚、基板と基板上に形成された各層の全てを切断する場合だけではなく、保護層、超電導層および中間層等の基板上に積層された層だけを切断して、1つの基板上に複数に分割された超電導層を有する超電導導体を形成する場合にも、同様にレーザにより切断する方法等が用いられており、前述の溶断痕の発生の問題およびそれに伴う臨界電流特性の局部的な低下等の超電導導体としての問題と、不安定性、均一性の低下等の応用機器としての問題があった。
前記基材の前記溝が形成された側の表面に超電導層を形成する超電導層形成工程と、
前記溝の部分で前記基材を切断する切断工程と、
を有する超電導導体の製造方法。
前記基材の前記溝が形成された側の少なくとも溝を除く表面に形成された超電導層と、を有し、
前記超電導層は前記基材の前記溝部の内壁面と前記超電導層が形成される面とが接する角部を覆うように形成された超電導導体。
前記一方の面に溝が形成されている超電導導体用基板。
・基板準備工程(基材準備工程1)
図1Aに示すように、少なくとも一方の面に溝50が形成された基板10(基材100)を準備する工程
・中間層形成工程(基材準備工程2)
図1Bに示すように、基板10の溝50が形成された側の面上に中間層20を形成し、基材100を形成する工程
・超電導層形成工程
図1Bに示すように、中間層20上に超電導層30を形成する工程
・保護層形成工程
図1Bに示すように、超電導層30上に保護層40を形成する工程
・切断工程
図2Aに示すように、溝50の部分で基材100を切断する工程
尚、図中には記述しないが、角部被覆部30Aは基材100の一部の側面および内壁面50Bを覆うように形成されていてもよく、更に中間層20の側面および内壁面50B全面をも覆うように形成されていてもよい。更には、角部被覆部30Aは溝50の内壁面50Bを覆うように形成されてもよい。超電導層30が基材100の側面および内壁面50Bを覆う形態は、その覆う面積が、長手方向で一様ではなくてもよい。超電導層30の一部により、基材100を構成する複数の層間での剥離を抑制することができる。また、中間層20、保護層40がそれぞれの下層の側面および内壁面を覆う形態についても、超電導層30と同様に、長手方向で一様でなくてもよい。
基板(超電導導体用基板)10の形状は、テープ状、板材、条体等の種々の形状のものを用いることができる。基板10の材料としては、例えば、材料強度がHv硬度で150よりも大きく、高強度および耐熱性に優れた、Cu、Ni、Ti、Mo、Nb、Ta、W、Mn、Fe、Ag等を含有する合金を用いることができる。特に好ましいのは、耐食性および耐熱性の点で優れているステンレス、ハステロイ(登録商標)、その他のニッケル系合金である。また、これら各種金属材料上に各種セラミックスを配してもよく、更には、セラミック単体でもよい。
基板10には溝50が形成される。溝50は、図4Aおよび図4Bに示すように、一方向に伸びる形状であることが好ましく、長尺の基板の場合には長手方向に伸びる形状であることがより好ましい。尚、溝50の断面形状は特に限定されるものではなく、正方形、長方形、U字状、V字状、R状、台形状、短形状等適宜選定してかまわない。ここで、基板10の溝50の開口面積は深さ方向で同一ではなく、基板10の表面位置における溝50の開口面積(つまり溝50の最上部の開口面積)が溝50の底面50Aの表面積よりも大きいことが好ましく、更には溝50の最上部の開口面積が最大であることがより好ましい。このように、溝50の最上部の開口面積を底面50Aの表面積よりも大きくすることで、溝50で超電導層30側から基板10を切断する場合に、切断手段が溝50に入りやすくなる。また、基板10上に形成される膜(例えば、中間層20、超電導層30)が基板10の表面10Aと溝50の内壁面50Bが接する角部を覆いやすくなる。
溝50の深さは、超電導層30の厚み以上であることが好ましく、中間層20と超電導層30との総厚み以上であることがより好ましく、中間層20と超電導層30と保護層40の総厚み以上であることが特に好ましい。
溝50の底面50Aにも、中間層20、超電導層30、保護層40の形成時に堆積物が堆積して堆積物層が形成されるが、溝50の深さが上記厚み以上であることにより、溝50以外の部分に形成される超電導層30と溝50の底面50Aでの堆積物層との電気的な絶縁をより効率的に達成することができる。
尚、溝50の深さの上限値としては基板10の厚み未満であればよく、さらに強度等の観点から基板10の厚みの50%以下であることがより好ましい。
なお、超電導導体が基材100(基板10のみ、または、基板10と中間層20)、および超電導層30のみで形成される場合は強度確保のため、溝の深さは基板10の厚みの50%以下とすることが好ましいが、更に、保護層40を有する超電導導体の場合は、溝50を除く超電導導体同士の連結保持のため、溝の深さは基板10の厚さの0.1%から50%とすることがより望ましい。このとき、長手方向の溝50の深さは一定であることが望ましいが、長手方向で溝の深さが変化してもよい。
溝50の内壁面50Bの表面粗さRaは、0.02μm以上であることが好ましく、50μm以下であることがより好ましい。
表面粗さRaが上記上限値以下であることにより、溝50の内壁面50Bの突起を起因とする異常放電による幅方向における電流パスの発生を抑制することができる。また、表面粗さRaが上記下限値以上であることにより、中間層20、超電導層30、保護層40の形成時に発生する溝50の内壁面50Bでの堆積物層における配向が抑制され、その結果、溝50における堆積物層での超電導化を抑制することができる。
更に上記表面粗さRaは0.1μm以上15μm以下であることがより好ましい。溝50の内壁面50BのRaが0.1μm以上であれば、溝50での堆積物層の配向性が抑制され、その結果堆積物層での超電導化が抑制でき、幅方向における電流パスを効果的に抑制することができる。一方、表面粗さRaが15μm以下であれば、堆積物層の超電導化が抑制できるだけでなく、溝50においてマクロな突起が形成されたり、堆積成分の微粒粉が溝内部に点在することが抑制され、これら堆積成分微粒粉の飛散や付着による中間層20の汚染が抑制されて、結果的に超電導特性の不安定要因を抑制することができる。
なお、溝50の底面50Aの表面粗さRaについても、内壁面50Bと同様に、0.02μm以上であることが好ましく、50μm以下であることがより好ましい。また、内壁面50Bと同様に、底面50Aの上記表面粗さRaは0.1μm以上15μm以下であることがより好ましい。底面50Aの表面粗さRaについて、内壁面50Bと同様に制御することで、溝50の電流パスを更に効果的に抑制することができる。
尚、基板10における中間層20が形成される面10A(溝50の内壁面を除く)での表面粗さRaは0.02μm未満であることが好ましい。0.02μm以上であると、中間層20において所望の配向性を得ることが難しい。
また、基板10の側面の表面粗さRaについても、内壁面50Bと同様に、0.02μm以上であることが好ましく、50μm以下であることがより好ましく、更に0.1μm以上15μm以下であることがより好ましい。側面の表面粗さRaについて、内壁面50Bと同様に制御することで、基板10における中間層20、超電導層30が形成される面10Aの幅方向における両端側を同じ積層形態に形成することができ、剥離抑制効果も同等に保つ効果がある。
JIS B 0651-2001に規定の方法により、触針式表面粗さ測定器を用いて測定される。
但し、溝50の内壁面50Bおよび底面50Aの表面粗さRaについては、溝50を例えば溝付けロールを用いて形成する場合であれば、該溝付けロールの内壁面位置および底部位置に相当する部位の表面粗さRaを測定して、その値を内壁面50Bおよび底面50Aの表面粗さRaの値としてもよい。
また、上記基板10の側面の表面粗さはエジャーロール成形や機械研磨などにより所望の表面粗さに成形することができる。
図3に示すごとく、基板10の溝50が形成された側の面とは反対側の面において、更に第2の溝52が形成された基板を用いることがより好ましい。
第2の溝52が形成される位置は、図3に示すように溝50と対応する位置でもよいし、または溝50の位置と対応しない位置、即ち溝50からずれた位置でもよい。また第2の溝52の好ましい形状や好ましい深さの範囲は前述の溝50と同様であるが、第2の溝52の形状や深さは、基板10の反対側の面に設けられた溝50と同じ組み合わせであっても、異なる組み合わせであってもよい。更に、第2の溝52の内壁面52Bと底面52Aの表面粗さRaは、それぞれ溝50の内壁面50Bと底面50Aと同一であることが望ましいが、必ずしも同一である必要はない。
基板10の準備工程において、第2の溝52を形成するタイミングは、第1の溝50の形成と同時でも良いが、第1の溝50を形成後、中間層20、超電導層30、保護層40のそれぞれの成膜後のタイミングを任意に選定できる。更に、第2の溝52の形成を複数回行ってもよい。尚、第2の溝52の形状は、第2の溝52の形成時に生じる厚み変動を抑制する観点から、裏面表面と第2の溝52を構成する内壁面50Bが接する部分をR形状とすることが好ましい。
また、強度を保持するために、第1の溝50の深さを浅く(基板厚さの半分)し、保護層40まで成膜した後、第2の溝52を第1の溝50と対応する裏面の箇所に形成してもよい。
また、第2の溝52は第1の溝50の形成よりも後に形成する必要はなく、第2の溝52の後に第1の溝50を形成してもよい。更に、第2の溝52と交差する第3の溝を更に備えても良い(図3には図示しない)。
超電導導体の幅方向(第2の溝52と交差する方向)に形成された第3の溝は、超電導導体を巻きつける巻枠、ボビンやフォーマー等の曲率に対して沿いやすいように形成されている。この第3の溝は、長手方向で1箇所以上の形成が望ましい。なお、第3の溝は第2の溝52と垂直に交わる必要はなく、長手方向に斜めに形成されていてもよい。
第1の溝50、第2の溝52および第3の溝の形成によって、良好な超電導特性を有し、かつ巻線性に優れた超電導導体を提供することできる。更に、第3の溝を長手方向に斜めに形成した場合には、超電導層30に劣化を与えずに巻線に加工することが可能となる。
なお、後述するように溝50の部分で切断する切断工程を有する場合において、基板10の溝50と対応する位置に第2の溝52が形成されている場合には、溝50の側と第2の溝52の側との両側から、レーザによる切断やスリット加工による切断を行うことがより好ましい。
基板10への溝50の形成方法を、一例を挙げて説明する。
まず、所望幅の基板10(例えば、ニッケル基の耐熱・耐食合金であるハステロイ(登録商標、ヘインズ社製))に冷間圧延を加えて高平坦な基板表面を形成し、更に機械的、化学的研磨工程などを加え、更に高平坦な基板表面に改質する。この際、基板10に対し、冷間圧延を加える工程(圧延前の板厚から圧延後の最終板厚に加工する工程)の間や、機械的、化学的研磨工程の後に、少なくとも基板10の一方の面に所望の幅に相当する溝50を形成する。
基板10の表面10A上に中間層20、超電導層30を積層した場合、溝50の部分には、基板10に形成された角部に沿って、中間層20と超電導層30が積層される。この際、中間層20や超電導層30を形成する各積層間の剥離を抑制することができる。
尚、溝付けロールで溝を形成した位置に、再度レーザで溝付け加工することも可能である。或いは、溝付けロールでの溝の形成とレーザでの溝付け加工を交互に行うことも可能である。溝付けロールは溝付け効果と、溝内部を成形して溝内部を平坦にする効果がある。
レーザでの溝の開口部幅は0.02mm~3mmが望ましく、任意に設定できる。
尚、第2の溝52および第3の溝の形成も、上記溝50の形成方法に準じて行なうことができる。
中間層20は、超電導層30において高い面内配向性を実現するために基板10上に形成される層であり、熱膨張率や格子定数等の物理的な特性値が基板10と超電導層30を構成する酸化物超電導体との中間的な値を示す。
中間層20は、単層であっても2層以上からなる多層であってもよいが、例えばベッド層、二軸配向層、およびキャップ層を有する態様が挙げられる。
ベッド層22の構成材料としては、Gd2Zr2O7-δ(-1<δ<1、以下GZOと称す)、YAlO3(イットリウムアルミネート)、YSZ(イットリア保護ジルコニア)、Y2O3、Gd2O3、Al2O3、B2O3、Sc2O3、REZrOおよびRE2O3等を用いることができ、中でもGZO、Y2O3、YSZが好適なものとして挙げられる。ここで、REは、単一の希土類元素または複数の希土類元素を表す。なお、ベッド層22は、例えば2軸配向性を向上させるなどの機能を有していてもよい。なお、2軸配向性を向上させる機能を持たせるためには、GZOをベッド層22の構成材料として用いることが好ましい。
ベッド層22の膜厚は、特に限定されないが、例えば10nm以上200nm以下である。
RFスパッタ法では、プラズマ放電で発生した不活性ガスイオン(例えばAr+)を蒸着源(GZO等)に衝突させ、はじき出された蒸着粒子を成膜面に堆積させて成膜する。このときの成膜条件は、ベッド層22の構成材料や膜厚等によって適宜設定されるが、例えば、RFスパッタ出力:100W以上500W以下、基板搬送速度:10m/h以上100m/h以下、成膜温度:20℃以上500℃以下とされる。
なお、ベッド層22の成膜には、イオン発生器(イオン銃)で発生させたイオンを蒸着源に衝突させるイオンビームスパッタ法を利用することもできる。また、ベッド層22は、Y2O3層とAl2O3層との組み合わせ等の多層構造とすることもできる。
二軸配向層24は、ベッド層22上に形成され、超電導層30の結晶を一定の方向に配向させるための層である。
二軸配向層24の構成材料としては、MgO、CeO2、YSZ、NbO等の多結晶材料が挙げられる。これらの中でも、MgOを含有することが好ましい。
二軸配向層24の膜厚は、特に限定されないが、例えば1nm以上20nm以下である。
このときの成膜条件は、二軸配向層24の構成材料や膜厚等によって適宜設定されるが、例えば、
・IBADアシストイオンビーム電圧:800V以上1500V以下
・IBADアシストイオンビーム電流:80mA以上350mA以下
・IBADアシストイオンビーム加速電圧:200V
・RFスパッタ出力:800W以上1500W以下
・基板搬送速度:80m/h以上500m/h以下
・成膜温度:5℃以上250℃以下
であることが好ましい。
また、本実施形態では、前記二軸配向層24上に更にキャップ層を有していてもよい。キャップ層は、二軸配向層24上に形成され、二軸配向層24を保護するとともに超電導層30との格子整合性を高めるための層である。
キャップ層の材料としては、例えばLaMnO3(LMO)、CeO2、MgO、YSZ、SrTiO3(STO)等が挙げられる。
キャップ層の膜厚は、特に限定されないが、十分な配向性を得るには50nm以上が好ましく、300nm以上であればさらに好ましい。
・RFスパッタ出力400W以上1000W以下
・基板搬送速度2m/h以上50m/h以下
・成膜温度450℃以上800℃以下
であることが好ましい。
超電導層30は、前記中間層20上に形成され、酸化物超電導体、特に銅酸化物超電導体で構成されていることが好ましい。この銅酸化物超電導体としては、REBa2Cu3O7-δ(RE-123と称す)等の組成式で表される結晶材料を用いることができる。
・基板搬送速度:80m/h以上500m/h以下
・成膜温度:800℃~900℃
とすることが好ましい。また、酸素不定比量δを小さくして超電導特性を高めるという観点から、酸素ガス雰囲気中で行うことが好ましい。
以上のような超電導層30の上面には、例えばスパッタ法により銀からなる保護層(安定化層)40を成膜してもよい。また、保護層40を成膜して超電導導体を製造した後、超電導導体に熱処理を施してもよい。
スパッタ法によってターゲット(蒸着源)からターゲット粒子(銀粒子)をたたき出し、たたき出した該ターゲット粒子を、既に前記超電導層30が形成された基板10に積層させる方法において、前記超電導層30表面の法線方向から、該ターゲット粒子を前記超電導層30の幅より広い範囲で照射、堆積することで、超電導層30の角部を角部被覆部40Aによって覆うように保護層40を成形することが出来る。尚、前記超電導層30表面に対する照射角度を法線方向に対して、幅方向に角度を増減する位置に調整することで、溝50の側面における最深部に銀による被覆部を成膜することも出来る。これらは、マルチターン方式においても有効である。
本実施形態に係る超電導導体の製造方法は、前記溝が、前記基板の一端から他端まで連続して形成されていることが好ましい。また、切断工程は、少なくとも前記中間層形成工程の後に、前記溝50の部分で前記基板10を切断する工程であることが好ましい。
細線化後の超電導導体の超電導層30に大きな熱履歴を与えずに切断することができることから、細線化された超電導導体の超電導層30の端部の超電導特性の劣化を抑制することができる。
尚、基板10の溝50が形成された側の面とは反対側の面の溝50と対応する位置に、更に第2の溝52が形成されている場合には、溝50の側と第2の溝52の側との両側から、レーザによる切断やスリット加工による切断を行うことがより好ましい。
溝50と第2の溝52が対応する位置にあり、その溝50、52部分で切断することによって、細線化された超電導導体の厚さ(基板10、中間層20、超電導層30、保護層40)の切断による厚みの変化が少なく、高精度の寸法を確保することができる。
なお、Cu層等の安定化層の形成後に切断工程を行ってもよい。
なお、超電導導体を巻きつける場合は、痕跡60は、隣り合う超電導導体同士の動きを固定する効果を有するため、超電導導体に痕跡60を残すことが有効である。更に、超電導導体に絶縁材を巻き付ける場合には、絶縁材のずれを抑制する効果も有する。なお、細線化された超電導導体の、2箇所の切断面において痕跡60は片方のみ残してもよい。
前述の本実施形態では、前記切断工程にて全ての溝50の部分で切断を行うのではなくいくつかの溝50をそのまま残すことによって、図1Bに示す通り、1つの基板10上に複数に分割された超電導層30を有する超電導導体を製造することも出来る。
また、図1Bに示すような1つの基板10上に複数に分割された超電導層30を有する超電導導体は、切断工程を有さない製造方法、つまり基板準備工程と超電導層形成工程とを有する製造方法(更に必要により中間層形成工程や保護層形成工程を有していてもよい)によっても、製造することが出来る。
この図1Bに示す超電導導体は、例えば、溝の部分で幅方向に折り曲げた超電導導体を円筒形状物の長軸方向に沿って、外周面上に配置して用いることができる。
尚、この溝50は、図4Aに示すような基材100の一端から他端まで連続して形成された溝でも、図4Bに示すような断続的に形成された溝でもよい。また、図3に示すように、基材100の溝50が設けられた側とは反対側の面に第2の溝52を有することで、円筒形状物11の曲率半径Rに沿って、真円状に近似した形態で、超電導層30に曲げ歪みの影響のない張力下で、スパイラル巻きがより容易に行える。
なお、本発明を特定の実施形態について詳細に説明したが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲内にて他の種々の実施形態が可能であることは当業者にとって明らかであり、例えば上述の複数の実施形態は、適宜、組み合わされて実施可能である。また、以下の変形例を、適宜、組み合わせてもよい。
また、上述したYBa2Cu3O7-δなどの酸素不定比量δは、0以上である場合(正の値を示す場合)を説明したが、負の値を示してもよい。
従来においては、所望の幅を有する超電導導体を得るため、まず、図5Aに示すような基板110に対し、図5Bに示すようにベッド層122、二軸配向層124、第1キャップ層126、第2キャップ層128等を有する中間層120や、超電導層130、保護層140等を成膜し、次いで、保護層140、超電導層130、中間層120および基板110を、図6Aに示す矢印の位置で、レーザにより切断する方法や、スリット加工により切断する方法によって、図6Bに示すような所望幅の超電導導体を得ていた。
レーザによる細線化後の超電導導体の超電導層は、大きな熱履歴が与えられているために切断部分となる超電導層30の端部の超電導特性(臨界電流特性)の劣化が生じていた。また、レーザによる切断では、基板に積層された中間層および超電導層の各層間の剥離を助長する問題があった。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
(基材)
低磁性の無配向金属テープ基材(ニッケル基の耐熱・耐食合金であるハステロイ(登録商標、ヘインズ社製))を準備した。このときの素材形状は0.25mm厚×75mm幅である。このテープ基材をロール径Φ20mmの12段圧延機によって、0.2mm厚×75mm幅×550mのテープ基材に加工した。
次いで、溝付けロールを用い溝深さ50μm×溝開口部幅1mmのU字溝を形成すると共に、冷間圧延を行った。このU字状溝は幅方向10mmピッチで7列配置され、長さ方向に平行に成形されている。その後、冷間圧延を継続し、厚さ0.1mm×75mm幅、溝列7列のテープ基材を製造した。このときの溝深さは25μm×溝上部の開口部幅は1mmで、溝最下部幅は0.7mmであった。このとき、溝最上部と最下部の溝幅比は1.42程度である。
尚、冷間圧延の工程の後半で、溝付けロールを用いて溝内部の形状成形加工を行った。溝の底部の表面粗さRaは0.05μmであった。
この後、形状改善を目的としてTA(テンションアニール処理)を施し、平坦な金属基板を得た。その後、機械的研磨により金属テープ基材表面を表面粗さRaで0.0011μmに仕上げた。
次いで、表面粗さRaで0.0011μmに仕上げた金属テープ基材表面上に、Gd2Zr2O7(GZO)層(膜厚:110nm)をイオンビームスパッタ法により、室温にて成膜した。
さらに、MgO層(膜厚:3~5nm)をIBAD法により200~300℃にて成膜し、次いでLaMnO3層(膜厚:30nm)をRFスパッタ法により600~700℃にて成膜し、更にCeO2層(膜厚:400nm)をRFスパッタ法により500~600℃にて成膜した。
次いで、MOCVD法により800℃の条件下で、YGdBa2Cu3O7-d超電導層を1μmの厚さに成膜した。
こうして得られた超電導層上に保護層としてのAg層を厚さで15μm積層した。
テープ基材表面の溝の位置で、スリット加工法により10mm幅×500m×6条の超電導線材に切り分けた。更に、酸素流気中550℃で酸素アニールを行い超電導線材を得た。
臨界電流(Ic)の全測定位置で、290A以上を確認した。
(基材)
低磁性の無配向金属テープ基材(ニッケル基の耐熱・耐食合金であるハステロイ(登録商標、ヘインズ社製))を準備した。このときの素材形状は0.25mm厚×30mm幅である。このテープ基材をロール径Φ20mmの12段圧延機によって、0.2mm厚×30mm幅×250mのテープ基材に加工した。
次いで、溝付けロールを用い溝深さ50μm×溝開口部幅1mmのV字溝を形成すると共に、冷間圧延を行った。このV字状溝は幅方向4mmピッチで6列配置され、長さ方向に平行に成形されている。その後、冷間圧延を継続し、厚さ0.1mm×30mm幅、溝列6列のテープ基材を製造した。このときの溝深さは25μm×溝上部開口部幅は1mmであった。
尚、冷間圧延の工程の後半で、溝付けロールを用いて溝内部の形状成形加工を行った。溝の底部の表面粗さRaは0.045μmであった。
この後、形状改善を目的としてTA(テンションアニール処理)を施し、平坦な金属基板を得た。その後、機械的研磨により金属テープ基材表面を表面粗さRaで0.001μmに仕上げた。
テープ基材表面の溝の位置で、スリット加工法により4mm幅×250m×5条の超電導線材に切り分けた。更に、酸素流気中550℃で酸素アニールを行い超電導線材を得た。
臨界電流(Ic)の全測定位置で、96A以上を確認した。
(基材)
低磁性の無配向金属テープ基材(ニッケル基の耐熱・耐食合金であるハステロイ(登録商標、ヘインズ社製))を準備した。このときの素材形状は0.25mm厚×35mm幅である。このテープ基材をロール径Φ20mmの12段圧延機によって、0.2mm厚×35mm幅×250mのテープ基材に加工した。
次いで、溝付けロールを用い溝深さ50μm×溝開口部幅0.5mmのV字溝を形成すると共に、冷間圧延を行った。このV字状溝は幅方向2mmピッチで13列配置され、長さ方向に平行に成形されている。その後、冷間圧延を継続し、厚さ0.1mm×35mm幅、溝列13列のテープ基材を製造した。このときの溝深さは25μm×溝上部開口部幅は0.5mmであった。
尚、冷間圧延の工程の後半で、溝付けロールを用いて溝内部の形状成形加工を行った。溝の底部の表面粗さRaは0.05μmであった。
この後、形状改善を目的としてTA(テンションアニール処理)を施し、平坦な金属基板を得た。その後、機械的研磨により金属テープ基材表面を表面粗さRaで0.0012μmに仕上げた。
テープ基材表面の溝の位置で、スリット加工法により8mm幅×250m×3条の超電導線材に切り分けた。このとき、8mm幅のテープ基材上には、予め成形した溝(前記した13列溝の一部)が2mmピッチで幅方向を4分割するように配置されている。前記2mmピッチの溝は長さ方向に平行に成形されており、溝内部は一様な平滑性をもち、突起形状がなく平坦に成形されているため、電気的に超電導層を切る効果を持つものと考えられる。
更に、酸素流気中550℃で酸素アニールを行い超電導線材を得た。
臨界電流(Ic)の全測定位置で、192A以上を確認した。また、2mmピッチ幅の測定では2mm幅それぞれ各配列で48A以上を確認した。
(基材)
低磁性の無配向金属テープ基材(ニッケル基の耐熱・耐食合金であるハステロイ(登録商標、ヘインズ社製))を準備した。このときの素材形状は0.25mm厚×30mm幅である。このテープ基材をロール径Φ20mmの12段圧延機によって、0.1mm厚×30mm幅×250mのテープ基材に加工した。
この後、形状改善を目的としてTA(テンションアニール処理)を施し、平坦な金属基板を得た。その後、機械的研磨により金属テープ基材表面を表面粗さRaで0.0011μmに仕上げた。
テープ基材に対し、スリット加工法により4mm幅×300m×5条の超電導線材に切り分けた。更に、酸素流気中550℃で酸素アニールを行い超電導線材を得た。
切断面を目視にて観察したところ、スリット加工のせん断によるものと思われる突起痕が観察された。
臨界電流(Ic)の全測定位置で、84A以上を確認した。
低磁性の無配向金属テープ基材(ニッケル基の耐熱・耐食合金であるハステロイ(登録商標、ヘインズ社製))を準備した。このときの素材形状は0.25mm厚×35mm幅である。このテープ基材をロール径Φ20mmの12段圧延機によって、0.2mm厚×35mm幅×250mのテープ基材に加工した。
次いで、溝付けロールを用い溝深さ50μm×溝開口部幅0.5mmのU字溝を形成すると共に、冷間圧延を行った。このU字状溝は幅方向2mmピッチで13列配置され、長さ方向に平行に成形されている。その後、冷間圧延を継続し、厚さ0.1mm×35mm幅、溝列13列のテープ基材を製造した。このときの溝深さは25μm×溝上部開口部幅は0.5mmであった。
尚、冷間圧延の工程の後半で、溝付けロールを用いて溝内部の形状成形加工を行った。この際、実施例4-1~4-11におけるそれぞれのテープ基材において、溝の底部の表面粗さRaを、下記表2に示す通り0.01μm~60μmの間で調整した。
この後、形状改善を目的としてTA(テンションアニール処理)を施し、平坦な金属基板を得た。その後、機械的研磨により金属テープ基材表面を表面粗さRaで0.0012μmに仕上げた。
ここで、溝部に沿って長手方向に電流を流し、溝部の長手方向の通電状況を評価した。このとき得られた臨界電流(Ic)が未検出(0A)の場合に‘A’、Icを検出した場合に‘B’と評価した。
更に、超電導線材の幅方向に電流を流して、幅方向の通電状況を評価した。このとき得られた臨界電流(Ic)が未検出(0A)の場合に‘A’、Icを検出した場合に‘B’と評価した。
この時の超電導線材は、テープ基材表面の溝の位置で、スリット加工法により8mm幅×250m×3条の超電導線材に切り分けた。このとき、8mm幅のテープ基材上には、予め成形した溝(前記した13列溝の一部)が2mmピッチで幅方向を4分割するように配置されている。
この超電導線材を液体窒素に浸漬した状態で、四端子法を用いて臨界電流(Ic)を測定した。測定は1mピッチとし、電圧端子間隔は1.2mとした。超電導線材の通電特性は1μV/cm定義で測定した。
測定した臨界電流(Ic)が190A以上の場合を‘A’、180A未満の場合を‘B’と評価した。
溝の底部の表面粗さRaが0.02μm未満の場合(実施例4-1)には、溝部の長手方向において、僅かではあるが臨界電流(Ic)を検出した。これは、溝部に堆積した中間層上の超電導層がやや配向したために、電流パスが形成されたと考えられる。更に、溝の底部の表面粗さRaが0.1μm未満の場合(実施例4-1~4-3)には、溝部の幅方向非連続的に、極僅かではあるが臨界電流(Ic)を検出した。これは、溝部に堆積した中間層上の超電導層がやや配向したために、非連続的に電流パスが形成されたと考えられる。
また、溝の底部の表面粗さRaが15μmを超えた場合(実施例4-9~4-11)には、超電導特性が低下していることが分かった。これは、溝内のマクロな突起や、微粒粉が点在しているために、これら堆積成分微粉体の飛散や付着によって、中間層が汚染され、超電導層の配向性に影響を与えたためと考えられる。
更に、溝の底部の表面粗さRaが50μmを超えた場合(実施例4-11)には、溝部の幅方向において僅かではあるが導通していることが分かった。これは、溝部の突起を起点として生じた異常放電や、上記堆積成分微粉体の飛散、付着によって幅方向における電流パスが形成されたためと考えられる。
10,110 基板
20A 角部被覆部
22,122 ベッド層
24,124 二軸配向層
26,126 第1キャップ層
28,128 第2キャップ層
30,130 超電導層
30A 角部被覆部
40,140 保護層
40A 角部被覆部
50 溝(第1の溝)
52 第2の溝
Claims (18)
- 少なくとも一方の面に溝が形成された基材を準備する基材準備工程と、
前記基材の前記溝が形成された側の表面に超電導層を形成する超電導層形成工程と、
前記溝の部分で前記基材を切断する切断工程と、
を有する超電導導体の製造方法。 - 前記溝の深さが、前記超電導層の厚み以上、前記基材の厚み未満である請求項1に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 前記溝の最上部の開口面積が前記溝の底面の面積よりも大きい請求項1または請求項2に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 前記溝の内壁面の表面粗さRaが0.02μm以上である請求項1~請求項3の何れか1項に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 前記基材準備工程が、基板を準備する基板準備工程と、前記基板表面に中間層を形成する中間層形成工程と、を有している請求項1~請求項4の何れか1項に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 前記基板の少なくとも一方の面に溝が形成され、前記中間層形成工程は該溝が形成された側の表面に前記中間層を形成する請求項5に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 前記基材準備工程は、前記基材の前記溝が形成された側の面とは反対側の面において、更に第2の溝が形成された基材を準備する請求項1~請求項6の何れか1項に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 前記溝が、前記基材の一端から他端まで連続して形成されている請求項1~請求項7の何れか1項に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 少なくとも前記中間層形成工程の後に、前記切断工程を行う請求項5~請求項8の何れか1項に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 前記切断工程を、前記超電導層形成工程の後に行う請求項1~請求項9の何れか1項に記載の超電導導体の製造方法。
- 少なくとも一方の面に溝を有する基材と、
前記基材の前記溝が形成された側の少なくとも溝を除く表面に形成された超電導層と、を有し、
前記超電導層は前記基材の前記溝部の内壁面と前記超電導層が形成される面とが接する角部を覆うように形成された超電導導体。 - 前記溝の深さが、前記超電導層の厚み以上、前記基材の厚み未満である請求項11に記載の超電導導体。
- 前記溝の内壁面の表面粗さRaが0.02μm以上である請求項11または請求項12に記載の超電導導体。
- 前記基材の前記溝が形成された側の面とは反対側の面において、更に第2の溝を有する請求項11~請求項13の何れか1項に記載の超電導導体。
- 前記溝が、前記基材の一端から他端まで連続して形成されている請求項11~請求項14に記載の超電導導体。
- 一方の面の表面粗さRaが0.02μm未満であり、
前記一方の面に溝が形成されている超電導導体用基板。 - 側面並びに前記溝の内壁面および底面の表面粗さRaが0.02μm以上である請求項16に記載の超電導導体用基板。
- 前記溝が形成された側の面とは反対側の面において、更に第2の溝を有する請求項16または請求項17に記載の超電導導体用基板。
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EP12820052.4A EP2741301B1 (en) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-08-02 | Superconductor and manufacturing method |
US13/814,569 US9014768B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-08-02 | Method of producing superconducting conductor, superconducting conductor, and substrate for superconducting conductor |
JP2012552186A JP6062248B2 (ja) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-08-02 | 超電導導体の製造方法、および超電導導体 |
KR1020147001677A KR101617554B1 (ko) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-08-02 | 초전도 도체의 제조방법, 초전도 도체 및 초전도 도체용 기판 |
EP15194999.7A EP3041003B1 (en) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-08-02 | Substrate for superconducting conductor |
CN201280002344.5A CN103069511B (zh) | 2011-08-02 | 2012-08-02 | 超导导体的制造方法、超导导体和超导导体用基板 |
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JPWO2013018870A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
KR101617554B1 (ko) | 2016-05-02 |
US20130137579A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
CN103069511B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
EP2741301A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
EP3041003A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
JP6062248B2 (ja) | 2017-01-18 |
EP3041003B1 (en) | 2019-06-12 |
KR20140053119A (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
EP2741301B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
CN103069511A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
US9014768B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
EP2741301A4 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
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