WO2013018688A1 - 集電体、電極構造体、非水電解質電池及び蓄電部品 - Google Patents
集電体、電極構造体、非水電解質電池及び蓄電部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018688A1 WO2013018688A1 PCT/JP2012/069123 JP2012069123W WO2013018688A1 WO 2013018688 A1 WO2013018688 A1 WO 2013018688A1 JP 2012069123 W JP2012069123 W JP 2012069123W WO 2013018688 A1 WO2013018688 A1 WO 2013018688A1
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- Prior art keywords
- current collector
- resin layer
- contact angle
- resin
- water contact
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 16
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical class CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a current collector, an electrode structure, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and a power storage component (such as an electric double layer capacitor and a lithium ion capacitor) suitable for charging and discharging at a large current density.
- a power storage component such as an electric double layer capacitor and a lithium ion capacitor
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries typified by lithium ion batteries have been required to shorten the charging time, and for this purpose, they must be charged at a large current density.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries for automobiles are required to be able to discharge at a high current density in order to obtain sufficient acceleration performance.
- the internal resistance includes interfacial resistance between constituent elements and resistance to movement of ions as charged particles in the electrolyte, and these must be reduced.
- one of the important internal resistances is the interface resistance, and it is known that improving the adhesion between the components is effective as one of the methods for reducing the interface resistance.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a metal foil made of hydroxyalkyl chitosan. Techniques for coating are disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 when the present inventors conducted experiments, the technique described in Patent Document 1 may not always provide a sufficient high rate characteristic.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can reduce the internal resistance of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, such as a nonaqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a capacitor for an electric double layer, a lithium ion capacitor, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a current collector that can be suitably used for such power storage components and can improve high-rate characteristics.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a capacitor for an electric double layer, a lithium ion capacitor, etc.
- a current collector as described below, it is possible to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte battery excellent in high-rate characteristics, a charged component such as an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor.
- a current collector having a conductive resin layer on at least one surface of a conductive substrate, the resin layer including a chitosan-based resin and a conductive material, A current collector having a water contact angle of 5 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less measured in a constant temperature room at 0 ° C., and an electrode structure including the current collector, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery
- a power storage component eg, an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor
- the present inventors have intensively studied to improve the high rate characteristics of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries and the like, and found that the water contact angle on the surface of the resin layer is strongly correlated with the high rate characteristics. And when the water contact angle was 5 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less, it discovered that the high rate characteristic was very excellent and came to completion of this invention.
- the present invention is based on two findings.
- the first finding is that the high rate characteristic is good when the water contact angle is 60 degrees or less.
- the contact angle is one of indexes indicating whether different materials are likely to adhere to each other. The smaller the contact angle, the higher the adhesion between different materials. Therefore, when the contact angle is 60 degrees or less, the adhesiveness between the conductive substrate and the resin layer, and between the resin layer and the active material layer is increased, and the high rate characteristic is improved.
- the high rate characteristics are good when the water contact angle is 5 degrees or more.
- the contact angle is one of the indexes indicating whether different materials are likely to adhere to each other. Therefore, the smaller the contact angle, the higher the adhesion between different materials.
- the inventors initially thought that there is no lower limit to the range of preferred water contact angles, and that the smaller the water contact angle, the better the adhesion between different materials and the higher the high rate characteristics.
- the high rate characteristics deteriorate when the water contact angle is less than 5 degrees. The reason why such a result was obtained is currently under investigation and is not necessarily clear, but if the water contact angle is too small, the adhesion between the conductive substrate and the resin layer is deteriorated. I guess that.
- the water contact angle of the resin layer is not uniquely determined by the material composition of the resin layer, and changes greatly when the method of forming the resin layer changes.
- the present inventors actually conducted an experiment, even when the resin material has the same composition, the water contact angle of the resin layer is greatly changed by changing the drying temperature, the drying time, and the drying method. Even if the composition and the drying temperature are known, the water contact angle changes only by changing the production conditions such as the drying time. Therefore, it has been found that the determination of the water contact angle is extremely important in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a current collector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an electrode structure formed using the current collector of one embodiment of the present invention.
- a current collector 1 of the present invention is a current collector 1 having a conductive resin layer (current collector resin layer) 5 on at least one surface of a conductive base material 3.
- the layer 5 includes a chitosan-based resin and a conductive material, and has a water contact angle of 5 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less measured by the ⁇ / 2 method in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C. on the surface of the resin layer 5. Further, as shown in FIG.
- Conductive base material As the conductive base material of the present invention, various metal foils for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries, electric double layer capacitors, or lithium ion capacitors can be used. Specifically, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, stainless steel, nickel, etc. can be used. Among these, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, and copper are preferable from the balance between high conductivity and cost. When aluminum foil is used as the positive electrode, 1000 and 3000 series materials can be widely used. However, since the present invention aims to improve the high-rate characteristics, a pure aluminum system such as JIS A1085 having high conductivity is used. It is preferable to use it.
- the thickness of the conductive substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the strength of the foil is insufficient and it may be difficult to form a resin layer or the like.
- it exceeds 50 ⁇ m other components, particularly the active material layer or the electrode material layer, must be thinned. Especially, non-aqueous electrolyte batteries, electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors and other power storage components In such a case, a sufficient capacity may not be obtained.
- the resin layer which added the electrically conductive material on the conductive base material is formed.
- the method for forming the conductive resin layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to apply a resin solution, dispersion, paste, or the like onto the conductive substrate.
- a coating method a roll coater, a gravure coater, a slit die coater or the like can be used.
- the resin used in the present invention must be a chitosan resin.
- the chitosan resin is a resin containing a chitosan derivative as a resin component.
- a chitosan derivative as a resin component.
- the chitosan-based resin one having a chitosan derivative of 100% by mass can be used, but it can also be used in combination with other resin components.
- at least the chitosan derivative is 50% by mass with respect to the total resin components. % Or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the chitosan derivative is, for example, hydroxyalkyl chitosan.
- hydroxyethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxybutyl chitosan, glycerylated chitosan is preferable, and glycerylated chitosan is particularly preferable.
- the chitosan resin preferably contains an organic acid. Examples of organic acids include pyromellitic acid and terephthalic acid. The addition amount of the organic acid is preferably 20 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the chitosan derivative.
- the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan derivative is, for example, 30,000 to 500,000, specifically, for example, 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, 60,000, 80,000, 90,000, 100,000, 150,000, It may be 200,000 or 500,000, and may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here.
- the weight average molecular weight means that measured by GPC (gel exclusion chromatograph).
- the conductive resin layer of the present invention is provided between the conductive substrate and the active material layer or the electrode material layer, and serves as a passage for electrons moving between them, so that this electron conductivity is necessary. Since the nitrified cotton-based resin itself has high insulation, a conductive material must be blended in order to impart electron conductivity.
- the conductive material used in the present invention known carbon powder, metal powder, and the like can be used. Among them, carbon powder is preferable.
- As the carbon powder acetylene black, ketjen black, furnace black, carbon nanotubes and the like can be used.
- the addition amount of the conductive material is preferably 30 to 100 parts by mass, and preferably 50 to 80 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component of the resin layer. This is because if the amount is less than 50 parts by mass, the volume resistivity of the resin layer becomes high, and if it exceeds 80 parts by mass, the adhesion to the conductive substrate decreases.
- a known method can be used to disperse the conductive material in the resin component liquid of the nitrified cotton-based resin.
- the conductive material can be dispersed by using a planetary mixer, a ball mill, a homogenizer, or the like.
- the water contact angle on the surface of the resin layer of the present invention needs to be 5 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. Even if a resin layer is formed simply by adding a conductive material to the resin, sufficient adhesion is obtained at the interface between the conductive base material and the resin layer, the interface between the resin layer and the active material layer, or the interface between the resin layer and the electrode material layer. It may not be obtained. This is because even if it is a chitosan resin, the state of the resin layer changes depending on the type and forming conditions of the resin.
- the water contact angle means a value obtained by measurement by the ⁇ / 2 method in a constant temperature room of 23 ° C.
- the water contact angle can be measured using a contact angle meter.
- a contact angle is measured by adhering several ⁇ l of pure water to pure water on the surface. Since the surface tension of water changes with temperature, the water contact angle is measured in a thermostatic chamber at 23 ° C.
- the water contact angle is particularly preferably 15 degrees or more and 40 degrees or less.
- the regulation of the water contact angle of the present invention is not only about the adhesion between the resin and the active material layer or the electrode material layer, but also considering the adhesion between the conductive substrate and the resin layer, As described above, the current collector of the present invention having a defined water contact angle can impart high rate characteristics satisfactorily when used in a battery or a charged part as an electrode structure.
- a resin layer can be formed by a known method on at least one surface of the conductive base material such as the aluminum foil described above, but the water contact angle is as described above. It is necessary to.
- the baking temperature and baking time affect the water contact angle.
- the baking temperature is preferably 120 to 250 ° C. as the temperature reached by the conductive substrate, and the baking time is preferably 15 to 180 seconds. This is because when the resin layer is formed under such conditions, the water contact angle on the surface contributes to adjustment within the range of 5 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less.
- the baking temperature and baking time are within the above range. Even within, the water contact angle may be less than 5 degrees or may exceed 60 degrees. Conversely, even if the baking temperature and baking time are outside the above ranges, the water contact angle may be within the range of 5 to 60 degrees.
- the higher the baking temperature and the longer the baking time the greater the water contact angle. Therefore, in order to set the water contact angle to 5 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less, first, a resin layer is formed under certain conditions, the water contact angle is measured in the formed resin layer, and the measured water contact angle is 5 degrees. If the temperature is smaller, the baking temperature is increased or the baking time is lengthened, and if the measured water contact angle is larger than 60 degrees, the baking temperature is lowered or the baking time is shortened. Therefore, the value of the water contact angle is not determined only by the resin composition and the baking temperature, but if the above method is used, the water contact angle can be set to a desired value with only a few trials and errors. It is.
- the current collector of the present invention when used, even when an active material layer or an electrode material layer is formed and the electrolyte solution is infiltrated, sufficient adhesion is provided at the interface between the resin layer and the active material layer or the resin layer and the electrode material layer. In addition to ensuring, sufficient adhesion can also be secured at the interface with the conductive substrate. Further, even after repeated charge and discharge, no large peeling is observed, and sufficient adhesion and excellent discharge rate characteristics can be obtained.
- the thickness of the conductive resin layer is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the formation of the conductive resin layer may be uneven, and a portion that cannot be coated on the conductive substrate may be generated, and sufficient battery characteristics may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 5 ⁇ m, when applied to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery or a power storage component described later, the active material layer or the electrode material layer may have to be thinned accordingly, so that a sufficient capacity density cannot be obtained. There is a case.
- the manufacturing method of the current collector of the present invention is not particularly limited, the conductive base material itself is used so that the adhesion of the surface of the conductive base material is improved when the resin layer is formed on the conductive base material. It is also effective to perform a known pretreatment. In particular, when a conductive base material such as aluminum produced by rolling is used, rolling oil or wear powder may remain, and adhesion can be improved by removing it by degreasing. The adhesion can also be improved by a dry activation treatment such as a corona discharge treatment.
- Electrode Structure The electrode structure of the present invention can be obtained by forming an active material layer or an electrode material layer on at least one surface of the current collector of the present invention.
- the electrode structure for an electrical storage component in which the electrode material layer is formed will be described later.
- an electrode structure (battery component) for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, using the electrode structure, a separator, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, etc.
- a battery component for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery
- a member other than the current collector can be a known nonaqueous battery member.
- the active material layer formed as an electrode structure in the present invention may be conventionally proposed for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries.
- the current collector of the present invention using aluminum as the positive electrode, LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 or the like as the active material, carbon black such as acetylene black as the conductive material, and PVDF as a binder
- the positive electrode structure of the present invention can be obtained by applying and drying the paste dispersed in the powder.
- the negative electrode structure of the present invention for example, graphite, graphite, mesocarbon microbeads or the like are used as the active material for the current collector of the present invention using copper as the conductive substrate, and these are thickeners.
- the negative electrode structure of the present invention can be obtained by applying and drying a paste mixed with SBR as a binder as an active material layer forming material.
- Nonaqueous electrolyte battery The present invention may be a nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is sandwiched between separators impregnated with an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a non-aqueous electrolyte between the positive electrode structure and the negative electrode structure having the current collector of the present invention as a constituent element.
- a water electrolyte battery can be constructed.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte and the separator those used for known nonaqueous electrolyte batteries can be used.
- carbonates or lactones can be used as a solvent.
- a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 or LiBF 4 as an electrolyte in a mixed solution of EC (ethylene carbonate) and EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) is used.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the separator for example, a film having a microporous made of polyolefin can be used.
- Power storage components (electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors, etc.)
- the electric double layer capacitor, lithium ion capacitor, etc. of the present invention can also be applied to power storage components such as electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion capacitors that require high-speed charge / discharge at a large current density. is there.
- the electrode structure for a power storage component of the present invention is obtained by forming an electrode material layer on the current collector of the present invention. By using this electrode structure and a separator, an electrolytic solution, etc., an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, etc.
- a power storage component can be manufactured.
- members other than the current collector can be members for known electric double layer capacitors or lithium ion capacitors.
- the electrode material layer can be made of an electrode material, a conductive material, and a binder for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- an electricity storage component can be obtained after forming the electrode material layer on at least one side of the current collector of the present invention to form an electrode structure.
- the electrode material those conventionally used as electrode materials for electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion capacitors can be used.
- carbon powder or carbon fiber such as activated carbon or graphite can be used.
- the conductive material carbon black such as acetylene black can be used.
- the binder for example, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) or SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) can be used.
- the electric storage component of the present invention can constitute an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor by fixing the electrode structure of the present invention with a separator interposed therebetween and allowing the electrolyte to penetrate into the separator.
- a separator for example, a polyolefin microporous film, an electric double layer capacitor nonwoven fabric, or the like can be used.
- carbonates and lactones can be used as the solvent in the electrolyte, and the electrolyte includes tetraethylammonium salt and triethylmethylammonium salt as the cation, and hexafluorophosphate and tetrafluoroborate as the anion. Can be used.
- a lithium ion capacitor is a combination of a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery and a positive electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.
- the thickness of the resin layer was calculated from the difference in thickness between the resin layer formed part and the non-formed part (aluminum foil only part) using a film thickness measuring instrument Keitaro G (manufactured by Seiko em). .
- ⁇ Electric resistance of resin layer> A cubic copper block having a side of 20 mm was placed on the resin layer (the surface in contact with the resin was mirror-finished), and a load of 700 gf was applied to measure the electrical resistance between the aluminum foil and the copper block.
- Water contact angle measurement> Water contact angle was measured using a contact angle meter (Dropmaster DM-500, manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.), 2 ⁇ l of pure water was attached to the resin layer surface in a constant temperature room at 23 ° C., and the contact angle after 2 seconds was ⁇ Measured by the / 2 method.
- a contact angle meter Dropmaster DM-500, manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.
- Lithium-ion battery discharge rate characteristics evaluation, electrode life evaluation> ⁇ Method for producing lithium ion battery>
- a paste prepared by dispersing an active material LiCoO 2 and a conductive material acetylene black in a binder PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) to a thickness of 70 ⁇ m was applied to each of the current collectors.
- an active material graphite dispersed in CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) and then a paste mixed with a binder SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) was applied to a 20 ⁇ m thick copper foil at a thickness of 70 ⁇ m. It was.
- a coin battery was produced by placing a polypropylene microporous separator between these electrode structures in a battery case.
- an electrolytic solution obtained by adding 1M LiPF 6 to a mixed solution of EC (ethylene carbonate) and EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) was used.
- ⁇ Discharge rate characteristics evaluation method> The discharge capacities of these lithium ion batteries (0,0,5, 10 and 20 C) at a charge upper limit voltage of 4.2 V, a charge current of 0.2 C, a discharge end voltage of 2.8 V and a temperature of 25 ° C. 2C standard, unit%).
- Example 1 to 5 it can be seen that particularly excellent high-rate characteristics were exhibited when the water contact angle was 15 degrees or more and 40 degrees or less. Further, referring to Examples 6 to 9, it can be seen that particularly high-rate characteristics were exhibited when the content of the conductive material was 50 to 80 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- Electrode structure 9 Active material layer or electrode material layer
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本発明の集電体1は、導電性基材3の少なくとも片面に導電性を有する樹脂層(集電体用樹脂層)5を有する集電体1であり、樹脂層5は、キトサン系樹脂と導電材を含み、樹脂層5表面の23℃の恒温室内でθ/2法によって測定した水接触角が5度以上60度以下である。
また、図2に示すように、集電体1の樹脂層5上に活物質層又は電極材層9を形成することによって、非水電解質電池用、電気二重層キャパシタ用、又はリチウムイオンキャパシタ用として好適な電極構造体7を形成することができる。
以下、各構成要素について詳細に説明する。
本発明の導電性基材としては、非水電解質電池用、電気二重層キャパシタ用、又はリチウムイオンキャパシタ用の各種金属箔が使用可能である。具体的には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、銅、ステンレス、ニッケルなどが使用可能である。その中でも導電性の高さとコストのバランスからアルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、銅が好ましい。正極としてアルミニウム箔を用いる場合、1000系や3000系のものを広く使用することができるが、本発明はハイレート特性の向上を目的としていることから、導電性の高いJIS A1085などの純アルミニウム系を用いることが好ましい。導電性基材の厚さとしては、特に制限されるものではないが、0.5μm以上、50μm以下であることが好ましい。厚さが0.5μmより薄いと箔の強度が不足して樹脂層等の形成が困難になる場合がある。一方、50μmを超えるとその分、その他の構成要素、特に活物質層あるいは電極材層を薄くせざるを得ず、特に非水電解質電池や、電気二重層キャパシタ又はリチウムイオンキャパシタ等の蓄電部品とした場合、十分な容量が得られなくなる場合がある。
本発明では導電性基材の上に導電材を添加した樹脂層を形成する。導電性樹脂層の形成方法は特に限定されないが、樹脂の溶液や分散液、ペースト等を上記導電性基材上に塗工することが好ましい。塗工方法としてはロールコーター、グラビアコーター、スリットダイコーター等が使用可能である。本発明に用いる樹脂は、キトサン系樹脂でなければならない。種々の樹脂に導電材を添加して樹脂層の体積固有抵抗を調査した結果、水接触角を規定したこれらの樹脂を用いると十分に低い抵抗が得られるという本発明者の知見に基づくものである。なお、この抵抗の違いは、同じ導電材を添加しても樹脂によって樹脂層中での分布状態が異なり、後述する水接触角の規定と相まって抵抗に差が出るためと推定される。
本発明において、キトサン系樹脂は、樹脂成分としてキトサン誘導体を含む樹脂である。キトサン系樹脂は、キトサン誘導体が100質量%であるものを使用できるが、他の樹脂成分と併用して使用することもでき、併用する場合には少なくともキトサン誘導体を全樹脂成分に対して50質量%以上、特に80質量%以上含むことが好ましい。キトサン誘導体は、例えばヒドロキシアルキルキトサンであり、具体的には、ヒドロキシエチルキトサン、ヒドロキシプロピルキトサン、ヒドロキシブチルキトサン、グリセリル化キトサンが好ましく、特にグリセリル化キトサンである。
キトサン系樹脂は、好ましくは、有機酸を含む。有機酸としては、ピロメリット酸、テレフタル酸などが挙げられる。有機酸の添加量は、キトサン誘導体100質量部に対して20~300質量部が好ましく、50~150質量部がさらに好ましい。有機酸の添加量が少なすぎるとキトサン誘導体の硬化が不十分になり、有機酸の添加量が多すぎると樹脂層の可撓性が低下するからである。
キトサン誘導体の重量平均分子量は、例えば、3万~50万であり、具体的には例えば3万,4万,5万,6万,7万,8万,9万,10万,15万,20万,50万であり、ここで例示した数値の何れか2つの間の範囲内であってもよい。重量平均分子量は、GPC(ゲル排除クロマトグラフ)によって測定したものを意味する。
本発明の導電性樹脂層は、導電性基材と活物質層又は電極材層との間に設けられ、この間を移動する電子の通路となるので、この電子伝導性が必要である。硝化綿系樹脂自体は絶縁性が高いので、電子伝導性を付与するために導電材を配合しなければならない。本発明に用いる導電材としては公知の炭素粉末、金属粉末などが使用可能であるが、その中でも炭素粉末が好ましい。炭素粉末としてはアセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、ファーネスブラック、カーボンナノチューブなどが使用可能である。導電材の添加量は、樹脂層の樹脂成分100質量部に対して30~100質量部が好ましく、50~80質量部が好ましい。50質量部未満では樹脂層の体積固有抵抗が高くなり、80質量部を超えると導電性基材との密着性が低下するからである。導電材を硝化綿系樹脂の樹脂成分液に分散するには公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば、プラネタリミキサ、ボールミル、ホモジナイザ等を用いることによって分散することが可能である。
本発明の集電体の少なくとも片面に活物質層又は電極材層を形成することによって、本発明の電極構造体を得ることができる。電極材層を形成した蓄電部品用の電極構造体については後述する。まず、活物質層を形成した電極構造体の場合、この電極構造体とセパレータ、非水電解質溶液等を用いて非水電解質電池用、例えばリチウムイオン二次電池用の電極構造体(電池用部品を含む)を製造することができる。本発明の非水電解質電池用電極構造体および非水電解質電池において集電体以外の部材は、公知の非水電池用部材を用いることが可能である。ここで、本発明において電極構造体として形成される活物質層は、従来、非水電解質電池用として提案されているものでよい。例えば、正極としてはアルミニウムを用いた本発明の集電体に、活物質としてLiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiNiO2等を用い、導電材としてアセチレンブラック等のカーボンブラックを用い、これらをバインダであるPVDFに分散したペーストを塗工・乾燥させることにより、本発明の正極構造体を得ることができる。負極の電極構造体とする場合には、導電性基材として銅を用いた本発明の集電体に活物質として例えば黒鉛、グラファイト、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ等を用い、これらを増粘剤であるCMCに分散後、バインダであるSBRと混合したペーストを活物質層形成用材料として塗工・乾燥させることにより、本発明の負極構造体を得ることができる。
本発明は非水電解質電池であってもよい。この場合、本発明の集電体を使用する以外には特に制限されるものではない。例えば、本発明の集電体を構成要素とする前記正極構造体と負極構造体の間に非水電解質を有する非水電解質電池用電解液を含浸させたセパレータで挟むことにより、本発明の非水電解質電池を構成することができる。非水電解質およびセパレータは公知の非水電解質電池用として用いられているものを使用可能である。電解液は溶媒として、カーボネート類やラクトン類等を用いることができ、例えば、EC(エチレンカーボネイト)とEMC(エチルメチルカーボネイト)の混合液に電解質としてLiPF6やLiBF4を溶解したものを用いることができる。セパレータとしては例えばポリオレフィン製のマイクロポーラスを有する膜を用いることができる。
本発明の電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオンキャパシタ等は、本発明の集電体を大電流密度での高速の充放電が必要な電気二重層キャパシタやリチウムイオンキャパシタ等の蓄電部品にも適応可能である。本発明の蓄電部品用電極構造体は本発明の集電体に電極材層を形成することによって得られ、この電極構造体とセパレータ、電解液等によって、電気二重層キャパシタやリチウムイオンキャパシタ等の蓄電部品を製造することができる。本発明の電極構造体および蓄電部品において集電体以外の部材は、公知の電気二重層キャパシタ用やリチウムイオンキャパシタ用の部材を用いることが可能である。
<集電体の作製>
表1に示す樹脂と有機酸を表1に示す配合量でノルマルメチル2ピロリドン(NMP)に溶解し、アセチレンブラックを表1に示す配合量で混合し、ボールミルにて8時間分散して塗料とした。この塗料を厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔(JIS A1085)の片面にバーコータで塗布し、表1に示す条件にて焼き付けた。表1の温度はいずれも基材到達温度である。
樹脂層の厚さはフィルム厚み測定機 計太郎G(セイコーem製)を用いて、樹脂層形成部と未形成部(アルミ箔のみの部分)の厚みの差から樹脂層の厚さを算出した。
樹脂層の上に1辺が20mmの立方体の銅製ブロック(樹脂に接触する面は鏡面仕上げ)を載せ、700gfの荷重をかけて、アルミ箔と銅製ブロックの間の電気抵抗を測定した。
水接触角は接触角計(協和界面科学社製ドロップマスターDM-500)を用い、23℃の恒温室内にて2μリットルの純水を樹脂層表面に付着させ、2秒後の接触角をθ/2法にて測定した。
<リチウムイオン電池の製造方法>
正極には、活物質のLiCoO2と導電材のアセチレンブラックをバインダであるPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)に分散したペーストを厚さ70μmにて前記各集電体に塗工したものを用いた。負極には、活物質の黒鉛をCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース)に分散後、バインダであるSBR(スチレンブタジエンゴム)と混合したペーストを厚さ20μmの銅箔に厚さ70μmにて塗工したものを用いた。これらの電極構造体にポリプロピレン製マイクロポーラスセパレータを挟んで電池ケースに収め、コイン電池を作製した。電解液としてはEC(エチレンカーボネート)とEMC(エチルメチルカーボネート)の混合液に1MのLiPF6を添加した電解液を用いた。
充電上限電圧4.2V、充電電流0.2C、放電終了電圧2.8V、温度25℃において、放電電流レート1C、5C、10C、20Cの条件で、これらのリチウムイオン電池の放電容量(0.2C基準、単位%)を測定した。(1Cはその電池の電流容量(Ah)を1時間(h)で取り出すときの電流値(A)である。20Cでは1/20h=3minでその電池の電流容量を取り出すことができる。あるいは充電することができる。)
電解液温度40℃にて、上限電圧4.2V、充電電流20Cで充電した後、終了電圧2.8V、放電電流20Cで放電して、1サイクル目の放電容量に対して、放電容量が60%未満になる回数(最大500回)を測定し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:500回以上
B:450回以上500回未満
C:400回以上450回未満
D:400回未満
<電気二重層キャパシタの製造方法>
電極材の活性炭、導電材のケッチェンブラックをバインダのPVDFに分散したペーストを厚さ80μmにて前記集電体電極に塗工し、正極、負極共同じ電極構造体とした。この電極構造体2枚に電解液を含浸した電気二重層キャパシタ用不織布を挟んで固定し、電気二重層キャパシタを構成した。電解液は溶媒であるプロピレンカーボネートに1.5MのTEMA(トリエチルメチルアンモニウム)と四フッ化ほう酸を添加したものを用いた。
充電上限電圧2.8V、充電電流1C、充電終了条件2h、放電終了電圧0V、温度25℃、放電電流レート100C、300C、500Cの条件で、これらの電気二重層キャパシタの放電容量(1C基準、単位%)を測定した。
電解液温度40℃にて、上限電圧2.8V、充電電流500Cで充電した後、放電電流500Cで終了電圧0Vまで放電して、1サイクル目の放電容量に対して、放電容量が80%未満になる回数(最大5000回)を測定し、以下の基準で評価した。
A:5000回以上
B:4500回以上5000回未満
C:4000回以上4500回未満
D:4000回未満
3:導電性基材
5:樹脂層(集電体用樹脂層)
7:電極構造体
9:活物質層又は電極材層
Claims (9)
- 導電性基材の少なくとも片面に導電性を有する樹脂層を有する集電体であって、該樹脂層はキトサン系樹脂と導電材を含み、該樹脂層表面の23℃の恒温室内でθ/2法によって測定した水接触角が5度以上60度以下であることを特徴とする集電体。
- 前記水接触角は、15度以上40度以下である、請求項1に記載の集電体。
- 前記導電剤の含有量は、前記キトサン系樹脂100質量部に対して30~100質量部である、請求項1又は2に記載の集電体。
- 前記導電剤の含有量は、前記キトサン系樹脂100質量部に対して50~80質量部である、請求項3に記載の集電体。
- 前記キトサン系樹脂は、キトサン誘導体と有機酸を含み、前記有機酸の含有量は、前記キトサン誘導体100質量部に対して20~300質量部である、請求項1~4の何れか1つに記載の集電体。
- 前記有機酸の含有量は、前記キトサン誘導体100質量部に対して50~150質量部である、請求項5に記載の集電体。
- 前記キトサン誘導体の重量平均分子量は、3万~50万である、請求項1~6の何れか1つに記載の集電体。
- 請求項1~7に記載の集電体の前記樹脂層上に活物質層又は電極材層を備える、電極構造体。
- 請求項8に記載の電極構造体を備える、非水電解質電池又は蓄電部品。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP12819513.8A EP2738853B1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-07-27 | Collector, electrode structure, non-aqueous electrolyte cell, and electricity storage component |
US14/235,782 US9336959B2 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-07-27 | Collector, electrode structure, non-aqueous electrolyte cell, and electrical storage device |
JP2013526879A JP6140073B2 (ja) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-07-27 | 集電体、電極構造体、非水電解質電池及び蓄電部品 |
CN201280036492.9A CN103733401B (zh) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-07-27 | 集电体,电极结构体,非水电解质电池及蓄电部件 |
KR1020147004366A KR20140051328A (ko) | 2011-07-29 | 2012-07-27 | 집전체, 전극 구조체, 비수전해질 전지 및 축전 부품 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2011166732 | 2011-07-29 | ||
JP2011-166732 | 2011-07-29 |
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EP (1) | EP2738853B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6140073B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140051328A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103733401B (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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CN105074979A (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社Uacj | 集电体、电极结构体、非水电解质电池及蓄电部件 |
JP7524572B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 | 2024-07-30 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 電池用基材及び電池 |
Families Citing this family (4)
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US20170331115A1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-11-16 | Showa Denko K.K. | Electrode current collector, method of manufacturing the same, electrode, lithium ion secondary battery, redox flow battery, and electric double layer capacitor |
CN106128796A (zh) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-16 | 湖南耐普恩科技有限公司 | 一种超级电容器、超级电容器集流体及其处理方法 |
CN110504409B (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2023-01-17 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | 一种提高渗透能力的正极片及锂离子电池 |
WO2023132640A1 (ko) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-13 | 주식회사 릴엠 | 이차전지용 집전체 및 그의 제조 방법 |
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JP2009277660A (ja) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-11-26 | Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Kk | リチウム非水電解質電池用電極、及びリチウム非水電解質電池用正極集電体及びその製造方法 |
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KR101179378B1 (ko) | 2005-02-10 | 2012-09-03 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 이차전지용 집전기, 이차전지 양극, 이차전지 음극, 이차전지 및 그들의 제조 방법 |
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JP2009277660A (ja) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-11-26 | Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Kk | リチウム非水電解質電池用電極、及びリチウム非水電解質電池用正極集電体及びその製造方法 |
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CN105074979A (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社Uacj | 集电体、电极结构体、非水电解质电池及蓄电部件 |
JP7524572B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 | 2024-07-30 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 電池用基材及び電池 |
Also Published As
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JPWO2013018688A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
CN103733401B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
US20140170488A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
EP2738853B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
CN103733401A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2738853A4 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
EP2738853A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
TWI553951B (zh) | 2016-10-11 |
US9336959B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
TW201316600A (zh) | 2013-04-16 |
KR20140051328A (ko) | 2014-04-30 |
JP6140073B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
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