WO2013011611A1 - 核酸分析方法及び核酸分析装置 - Google Patents
核酸分析方法及び核酸分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013011611A1 WO2013011611A1 PCT/JP2012/003176 JP2012003176W WO2013011611A1 WO 2013011611 A1 WO2013011611 A1 WO 2013011611A1 JP 2012003176 W JP2012003176 W JP 2012003176W WO 2013011611 A1 WO2013011611 A1 WO 2013011611A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1034—Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
- C12N15/1065—Preparation or screening of tagged libraries, e.g. tagged microorganisms by STM-mutagenesis, tagged polynucleotides, gene tags
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid analysis method and a nucleic acid analysis apparatus.
- Non-Patent Document 1 in a DNA microarray, a variety of synthetic DNAs having sequences that can identify known gene sequences are fixed at predetermined positions on a support substrate, and fluorescence is obtained. After hybridization of a nucleic acid sample or a reverse transcript or amplification product of a nucleic acid sample with a body label on the support substrate, a fluorescent image is obtained by a fluorescence scanner, and which gene is expressed in what amount. Can be analyzed from the fluorescence intensity.
- PCR which is an amplification reaction of nucleic acid
- the PCR method is also used as a nucleic acid analysis method.
- a PCR reaction is performed in an emulsion containing microparticles, a number of microparticles with amplification products are immobilized on a support substrate, and then a DNA elongation reaction is performed.
- a so-called next-generation sequencing method has also been put into practical use, in which a nucleotide sequence is analyzed with high parallelism by incorporating fluorescently labeled nucleotides and observing fluorescence.
- a method of searching for a disease-related gene a method of searching for a gene whose expression level is significantly high or low in a disease patient by comparing a nucleic acid sample of a healthy person and a specific disease patient is used as a conventional means.
- candidate genes with different expression levels are selected on a microarray, and then, the difference in expression levels is strictly confirmed using quantitative PCR for these candidate genes.
- the microarray has a feature that the number of genes that can be analyzed at a time is tens of thousands or more, and the gene to be searched is high, but the dynamic range is about 2 to 3.5 digits, and the quantitative property is low.
- RNAs messenger RNAs with more than 20,000 types
- Non-Patent Document 4 when expression analysis is performed with quantitative PCR or a next-generation sequencer, amplification by PCR is applied to a nucleic acid sample, but the amplification efficiency depends on the GC content. Therefore, there is a problem that all nucleic acids of the sample are not amplified with the same amplification efficiency, the population of nucleic acids is biased, and the distribution of the abundance of individual nucleic acid molecules is not analyzed correctly.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid analysis method that has a comprehensiveness of 1,000 or more types of nucleic acids that can be analyzed at one time without using an amplification reaction such as PCR, and a quantitative capability with a dynamic range of 4 digits or more. It is to provide a simple nucleic acid analysis method.
- the present invention provides an analysis method that is extremely effective for analysis of untranslated RNA and microRNA, in which the number of nucleic acids to be analyzed is 10,000 or less.
- nucleic acid molecules of a sample are immobilized on a spatially separated position one by one, and a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a fluorescent substance is combined with the nucleic acid molecule group of the sample.
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing the type and expression level of a nucleic acid molecule with sensitivity and resolution of a single molecule by performing hybridization and acquiring a fluorescence image.
- nucleic acid analysis simply and quickly with sensitivity and resolution of a single molecule, having both completeness and quantitativeness in terms of the type and abundance of the nucleic acid to be analyzed without using an amplification reaction such as PCR. it can.
- the method of the present invention can be applied not only to nucleic acid samples but also to analysis of biomolecules other than nucleic acid samples such as proteins by using antibodies as capture molecules.
- biomolecule samples composed of a plurality of biomolecule species the biomolecules to be analyzed are fixed on the support substrate at regular positions, and the biomolecules are fixed one by one at each fixed location, Similar to the case of a nucleic acid sample, a detection biomolecule that is known to adsorb to a specific biomolecule is reacted with a biomolecule sample immobilized on the support substrate, and the detection biomolecule is detected. Can be analyzed. Therefore, the types and abundances of the biomolecules to be analyzed have both comprehensiveness and quantitativeness, and can be analyzed simply and quickly with single molecule sensitivity and resolution.
- the figure for demonstrating an example of the analysis method of a present Example The figure for demonstrating an example of a structure of the device used for the analysis method of a present Example. The figure for demonstrating an example of the manufacturing method of the device used for the analysis method of a present Example. The figure for demonstrating an example of the preparation methods of the unimolecular fixed fine particle of a present Example. The figure for demonstrating an example of the analysis method of a present Example. The figure for demonstrating an example of the analysis method of a present Example. The figure for demonstrating an example of the analysis method of a present Example. The figure for demonstrating an example of the nucleic acid analyzer of a present Example.
- a group of nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed is prepared, and a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a fluorescent substance is hybridized with the group of nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed, and labeled with the hybridized nucleic acid molecule.
- a method for nucleic acid analysis is disclosed, wherein the phosphor is detected and the number of the phosphors is counted.
- a group of nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed was prepared for each molecule, and a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a fluorescent substance was hybridized with the nucleic acid fragment group to be analyzed and hybridized.
- a method for nucleic acid analysis characterized by detecting a fluorescent substance labeled on a nucleic acid molecule.
- the step of fixing the nucleic acid molecule group to be analyzed one by one at a spatially separated position and the analysis of the nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a phosphor.
- a nucleic acid analysis method comprising a step of hybridization with a target nucleic acid molecule group and a step of measuring fluorescence of the phosphor after the hybridization step.
- the step of fixing the nucleic acid molecule group to be analyzed one by one at different positions on the support substrate, and the nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a fluorescent substance on the support substrate comprising: a step of hybridizing with a group of nucleic acid fragments, and a step of measuring fluorescence of the phosphor after the step of hybridization.
- a step of fixing a nucleic acid fragment group to be analyzed on a fine particle, one molecule of the nucleic acid fragment per fine particle, and a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a phosphor The step of hybridizing with nucleic acid fragments on the microparticles, the step of fixing the microparticles on a support substrate after the step of hybridization, and the step of measuring the fluorescence of the phosphor, A method for nucleic acid analysis is disclosed.
- the nucleic acid fragment group to be analyzed is not in a micro container isolated for each nucleic acid sample, and all the nucleic acid fragment groups have a known base sequence.
- a method for nucleic acid analysis characterized by performing hybridization by reacting with the same solution containing a nucleic acid molecule labeled with a phosphor.
- the phosphor label is a fine particle containing a plurality of types of phosphors having different blending ratios for each type of nucleic acid to be analyzed. A method is disclosed.
- the same fluorescent substance label is used for nucleic acid species other than a specific nucleic acid species, and the number of fluorescent luminescent spots is counted for each nucleic acid molecule, and then the total number of luminescent spots is determined.
- a nucleic acid analysis method characterized in that the abundance for each specific nucleic acid species is evaluated by calculating the ratio of the number of bright spots for each specific nucleic acid species.
- a common fluorescent substance label is applied to a group of nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed, and a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence labeled with a fluorescent substance different from the fluorescent substance is used.
- a nucleic acid analysis method comprising a step of hybridization, wherein the abundance of each type of nucleic acid fragment to be analyzed is evaluated by calculating the ratio of the number of bright spots of the former and the latter phosphors To do.
- microparticles each having a nucleic acid fragment group to be analyzed immobilized thereon are prepared, and a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a phosphor is hybridized with the nucleic acid fragment group to be analyzed.
- a nucleic acid analysis method characterized by detecting a fluorescent substance labeled with the hybridized nucleic acid molecule.
- the fine particles in which the nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed are fixed one molecule at a time are magnetic fine particles, and the phosphor label has a blending ratio for each type of nucleic acid to be analyzed.
- Microparticles containing different types of phosphors, and after hybridization, the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecules that were not hybridized were separated from the magnetic microparticles, and then hybridized with the nucleic acid molecules on the magnetic microparticles.
- a method for nucleic acid analysis characterized by detecting a fluorescent substance labeled on a nucleic acid molecule.
- the same fluorescent substance label is used for nucleic acid species other than a specific nucleic acid species, and the number of fluorescent luminescent spots is counted for each nucleic acid molecule, and then the total number of luminescent spots is determined.
- a nucleic acid analysis method characterized in that the abundance of each specific nucleic acid species is evaluated by calculating the ratio of the number of bright spots for each specific nucleic acid species.
- nucleic acid analysis method in the nucleic acid analysis method, a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence labeled with a fluorescent substance different from the fluorescent substance is applied to the nucleic acid molecule group to be analyzed.
- a nucleic acid analysis method comprising a step of hybridization, wherein the abundance of each type of nucleic acid to be analyzed is evaluated by calculating the ratio of the number of fluorescent bright spots of the former and the latter.
- means for fixing the nucleic acid molecule group to be analyzed at a spatially separated position one molecule at a time, and a nucleic acid molecule having a known base sequence and labeled with a fluorescent substance are analyzed.
- a nucleic acid analyzer comprising means for hybridizing with a target nucleic acid molecule group and means for measuring fluorescence of the phosphor after the hybridization step.
- the device configuration of this example is as follows.
- An adhesive pad 102 is formed on the support base 101.
- a glass substrate such as quartz or a silicon wafer can be used.
- the bonding pad 102 may be made of a material different from that of the support base 101, and a metal or a metal oxide can be used.
- the method for manufacturing the adhesive pad will be described in detail in Example 3.
- the adhesive pad 102 is preferably formed on the support substrate 101 with regularity, but details will be described in Example 3.
- Fine particles 103 are fixed on the adhesive pad 102.
- the number of fine particles fixed per adhesive pad is one. Only one molecule of the capture molecule 104 is fixed to the fine particle 103 through the binding molecule 105.
- nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed various combinations of molecular groups can be used for the capture tag molecule 107, the capture molecule 104, and the binding molecule 105.
- the capture tag molecule 107 can use primer DNA during reverse transcription reaction, and the capture molecule 104 is complementary to the capture tag molecule 107.
- Nucleic acid molecules having sequences can be used.
- a nucleic acid molecule having biotin at the terminal can be used as the capture tag molecule 107
- a molecule having avidin at the terminal can be used as the capture molecule 104.
- binding molecule 105 an alkane molecule having about 10 or less carbon atoms can be used, and a binding molecule 105 that binds to the capture molecule 104 through a chemical bond and has biotin attached to the opposite end can be used. In that case, it is desirable that the surface of the fine particles 103 is modified with avidin, streptavidin, or the like.
- the reaction between the capture tag molecule 107 and the capture molecule 104 is preferably hybridization when both are nucleic acid molecules having complementary sequences. It is also preferable to use a method in which both are connected by chemical bonding by ligation. As a result, the nucleic acid fragments 106 to be analyzed are fixed in an isolated state on the support substrate 101 in a regular arrangement.
- the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecule 108 is reacted with the substrate on which the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed is fixed.
- the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecule 108 contains a nucleic acid sequence complementary to the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed.
- normal fluorescent dye molecules such as Cy3 and Cy5, or semiconductor fine particles made of Zn—Se or the like can be used.
- fluorescent beads containing a fluorescent material can be used as the fluorescent material label.
- the number of is three, a bead set capable of discriminating 1000 types can be easily made.
- fluorescent bead sets are commercially available from Luminex that can be distinguished by 100 types by excitation with two-wavelength laser light.
- the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecule 108 can be prepared by chemically modifying the surface of these fluorescent beads and binding the nucleic acid molecule. After hybridization, washing of an appropriate non-specific adsorbate is followed by fluorescence detection, whereby the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed is analyzed.
- the bonding pad 102 Since the bonding pad 102 has high regularity on the support substrate 101 and is formed in, for example, a lattice shape, a fluorescent bright spot is observed at a position having regularity in a fluorescent image. Therefore, even if the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecule 108 non-specifically adheres to the support substrate 101, it can be easily identified and removed from the bright spot position of the fluorescence image. This is a very useful feature in practice for analyzing a small amount of sample and observing weak fluorescence.
- the phosphor or fluorescent bead is identified by spectroscopically diffusing the emission spectrum using a diffraction grating, irradiating the photosensitive surface of the CCD, and examining the intensity of each pixel divided in the wavelength direction.
- the type of phosphor or fluorescent bead can be identified using a ratio of reflected light and transmitted light by using a dichroic mirror having a large wavelength dependency in reflection characteristics.
- the information of the type and the number of bright spots of the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed that is, the abundance information, can be finally obtained by collecting them. For example, when the bonding pad 102 is manufactured at a pitch of 1 ⁇ m, there are 10 6 bonding pads in each 1 mm, and therefore, how many molecules of the nucleic acid fragment to be analyzed of a predetermined type in the maximum total number of molecules 10 6. You can check if it exists.
- microRNA as an example of a specific analysis target.
- sequence data of individual microRNA molecules can be obtained from a known microRNA base sequence database (for example, http://www.microrna.org/). Based on this, a primer for reverse transcription can be designed.
- the base length of the primer is preferably about 10 to 15 bases, and DNA of 10 bases is provided as a capture tag molecule 107 at the 5 ′ end.
- 1000 types of primers are designed and synthesized for human microRNA. Prepare a cocktail of primers by mixing equal amounts of 1000 types of synthesized primers, mix the reverse transcription primer cocktail and reverse transcriptase for total RNA, and perform reverse transcription in a 37-40 ° C environment.
- RNA of about 10 bases is used as the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed, and RNA of about 10 bases is used as the tag molecule 107 for capture, and the capture tag molecule 107 is bound to the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed by binding both using T4 RNA ligase. It can also be made.
- one molecule of complementary strand DNA to the 10 base nucleic acid of the capture tag molecule 107 is immobilized as the capture molecule 104 in advance.
- the details of fixing one molecule of the capture molecule 104 to the fine particle 103 are described in Example 4.
- the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed is immobilized on the substrate by hybridization of cDNA (the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed and the tag molecule 107 to be captured bound) by conventional means on the substrate.
- sequence data of individual microRNA molecules is obtained from a base sequence database of known microRNAs, and 1000 types of synthetic oligos having the same base sequence as this sequence and modified with biotin at the 5 ′ end are synthesized. .
- the phosphor used for the fluorescent beads for example, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy3 can be used, and the excitation light can correspond to two types of 532 nm and 633 nm.
- the phosphor used for the fluorescent beads for example, Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy3 can be used, and the excitation light can correspond to two types of 532 nm and 633 nm.
- a carboxyl group is introduced into the bead surface by using a copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid / methacrylic acid and styrene, and the amino group of avidin and carbodiimide are reacted as a crosslinking agent. Can be easily modified.
- Fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid molecule 108 can be synthesized by reacting avidin-modified fluorescent beads with synthetic oligos modified with biotin at the 5 'end.
- the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecule 108 is hybridized to the substrate on which the nucleic acid fragment 106 to be analyzed is fixed using a normal method.
- a fluorescent image is acquired, and the fluorescent bright spot of each adhesive pad is identified and the fluorescent spot is counted, and then the bright spots are counted.
- the abundance can be analyzed.
- the number of nucleic acid species that can be detected depends on the number of fluorescent beads that can be identified. If there are about 1000 types of microRNAs, 1000 types of fluorescent beads may be prepared. As described above, the content of the phosphors is set at 10 levels each, and the content of the 3 types of phosphors. By mixing at different levels, a set of 1000 distinguishable beads can be easily made and all microRNA species can be detected at once. Further, when it is desired to examine the expression level of only a specific microRNA, the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecules 108 corresponding to the specific microRNA species are prepared, and the same number of fluorescent beads are prepared.
- the amount of total microRNA can be reduced to a bright spot without preparing 1000 types of fluorescent beads. It can be known as a count value, and the abundance ratio of a specific microRNA to the total microRNA can be obtained.
- a fluorescent dye label having a light emission wavelength or emission intensity different from that of the phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecule 108 is applied in advance to the capture tag molecule 107, and the number of fluorescent bright spots by the fluorescent dye labeled on the capture tag molecule 107 is determined. It is judged that the number of fluorescent luminescent spots corresponding to the total number of nucleic acid sample molecules and the fluorescent substances labeled on the various phosphor-labeled nucleic acid molecules 108 correspond to the number of various nucleic acid sample molecules. Judging the abundance ratio of various nucleic acid sample molecules is extremely effective when it is desired to examine the expression level of only a specific nucleic acid molecule.
- the method of the present invention can be applied not only to nucleic acid samples but also to analysis of biomolecules other than nucleic acid samples such as proteins by optimizing the capture molecules 104.
- a biomolecule sample composed of a plurality of biomolecule species use a suitable antibody or the like as the capture molecule 104 at a position having regularity on the support substrate and a fixed molecule at each fixed location.
- a biomolecule for detection that is known to be adsorbed to a specific biomolecule by fixing the biomolecule one by one at a location, is reacted with a biomolecule sample immobilized on the support substrate, and the biomolecule for detection Can be analyzed in the same manner as in the case of a nucleic acid sample. Therefore, the types and abundances of the biomolecules to be analyzed have both comprehensiveness and quantitativeness, and can be analyzed simply and quickly with single molecule sensitivity and resolution.
- the DNA sample to be analyzed was fixed on the substrate one molecule at a time. However, it is easier to count one molecule at a time, but it is essential to fix one molecule at a time. It goes without saying that the object of the present invention, that is, analyzing the type and abundance of the DNA sample to be analyzed, is achieved as long as counting is possible even if two or three are fixed, not conditions.
- Adhesive pads 202 are regularly formed on the support base 201, for example, in a lattice shape as shown in FIG.
- the adhesive pad 202 and the fine particle 203 are connected by a chemical bond or a chemical interaction via the linear molecule 205.
- the functional group 206 at the end of the linear molecule 205 and the adhesive pad 202 are bonded by chemical interaction.
- the functional group 206 has a weak interaction with the support base 201 and a strong interaction with the adhesive pad 202. From such a viewpoint, quartz glass, sapphire, a silicon substrate, or the like can be used as the support base 201.
- the adhesive pad 202 can be made of a material selected from gold, titanium, nickel, and aluminum.
- the functional group 206 must be selected in consideration of the combination of the support base 201 and the adhesive pad 202.
- a sulfohydryl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a phosphate group, an aldehyde group, or the like can be used.
- the linear molecule 205 plays a role of connecting the fine particles 203 and the adhesive pad 202, and the length thereof is not greatly limited. However, in the case of a low molecule, a linear molecule having about 3 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the functional group 207 at the end of the linear molecule 205 provides adhesion with the fine particles 203.
- a polymer having a plurality of side chains and having both a side chain having a functional group 206 and a side chain having a functional group 207 can be used.
- the fine particles 203 metal fine particles or semiconductor fine particles can be used.
- gold fine particles having a diameter of 5 nm to 100 nm are commercially available and can be utilized.
- semiconductor fine particles compound semiconductors such as CdSe having a diameter of about 10 nm to 20 nm are commercially available and can be utilized.
- the functional group that can be used as the functional group 207 varies depending on the type of fine particles.
- fine particles when gold fine particles are used, a sulfohydryl group, an amino group, and the like are preferable.
- semiconductor fine particles fine particles whose surface is modified with streptavidin are commercially available, and biotin can be used as the functional group 207.
- fine particles 203 fine particles made of a polymer material such as polystyrene can be used. In the case of a polymer material, the particle diameters of the fine particles can be made uniform, and the particle diameter can be selected widely from several tens of nanometers to several micrometers.
- the functional group possessed by the polymer material is subjected to surface modification on the scaffold, so that the introduction amount of the functional group for the fixation reaction of the capture molecule 204 immobilized on the surface of the fine particles can be made uniform.
- the reproducibility of the fixation rate is very high, which is preferable.
- the capture molecule 204 a single strand of DNA or RNA nucleic acid molecule can be used.
- the end of the nucleic acid molecule is modified in advance in the same manner as the functional group 207 and reacted with the fine particles 203. It is preferable that the capture molecule 204 to be fixed to one fine particle 203 is a single molecule, and only one capture molecule 204 is fixed on the adhesive pad 202.
- the probes are separated by about 1 ⁇ m in consideration of the diffraction limit. Therefore, the size of the fine particles 203 is suitably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- a thin film process that has already been put to practical use in a semiconductor can be used. For example, after forming a thin film by vapor deposition / sputtering through a mask or vapor deposition / sputtering, it can be produced by dry or wet etching. Regular arrangement can be easily realized by using a thin film process.
- the interval between the pads can be arbitrarily set, but when optical measurement is performed as the detection means, 1 ⁇ m or more is preferable in consideration of the diffraction limit of optical detection.
- linear molecules 205 that connect the fine particles 203 and the adhesive pad 202 are supplied, and the linear molecules 205 are fixed on the adhesive pad 202.
- a method of reacting a material having a strong adhesive force with the support substrate 201 on the support substrate 201 before supplying the linear molecules 205 is effective. It is.
- a silane coupling agent can be used.
- the microparticles 203 on which the capture molecules 204 are fixed are supplied onto the substrate, and the microparticles 203 are fixed on the adhesive pad 202, thereby completing the nucleic acid analysis device.
- fine particles 203 having a size equal to or larger than that of the bonding pad 202 are fixed, unreacted linear molecules are covered with the fixed fine particles and cannot react with other fine particles. Is done. Further, as a result of intensive studies, when the fine particle 203 has a charge on its surface, an electrostatic repulsive force acts between the fine particles, so that the diameter d of the adhesive pad 202 is larger than the diameter D of the fine particle 203. It was found that even when the size was large, the number of fixed fine particles per adhesive pad was one.
- the diameter d of the adhesive pad 202 is preferably smaller than the diameter D of the fine particle 203, and the surface charge of the fine particle 203 is large and the electrostatic repulsion force. It is clear that the diameter d of the adhesive pad 202 does not necessarily have to be smaller than the diameter D of the fine particles 203 when the resistance is strong.
- a hole is provided in each individual optical fiber bundled with optical fibers, and microparticles with antibodies for capturing biomolecules to be analyzed are placed in each hole.
- a method for detecting fluorescence with an optical fiber for each hole is disclosed.
- a hole is not necessary, and if the fine particles are put into the holes, the cleaning process takes time. Therefore, in the present invention, as described in the present embodiment, a method of arranging and fixing in a grid pattern on a supporting substrate using an adhesive pad is preferable.
- An electron beam positive resist 302 is applied onto a smooth support substrate 301 by spin coating.
- a smooth support substrate a glass substrate, a sapphire substrate, a silicon wafer or the like is used.
- a quartz substrate or a sapphire substrate having excellent light transmittance may be used.
- the positive resist for electron beam include polymethyl methacrylate and ZEP-520A (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.). After aligning using the position of the marker on the substrate, electron beam direct drawing exposure is performed to form a through hole in the resist.
- a through hole having a diameter of 15 nm is formed.
- the formation of through holes at a pitch of about 1 ⁇ m takes into account the simplicity of manufacturing, high yield, and the number of nucleic acid molecules that can be analyzed by parallel processing. Then it is suitable.
- the through hole formation region also depends on the number of nucleic acid molecules that can be analyzed by parallel processing, but greatly depends on the position accuracy and position resolution on the detection device side. For example, when the reaction sites (adhesive pads) are formed with a pitch of 1 ⁇ m, 1 million reaction sites can be formed if the through hole formation region is 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm.
- a material constituting the adhesive pad 303 for example, gold, titanium, nickel, aluminum, is formed by sputtering.
- a glass substrate or sapphire substrate is used as a smooth support base and gold, aluminum, or nickel is used as an adhesive pad material, a thin film of titanium or chromium is used to reinforce the adhesion between the substrate material and the adhesive pad material. It is preferable to add.
- the linear molecule 304 is reacted with the bonding pad 303.
- the bonding pad 303 is gold, titanium, aluminum, or nickel, it is preferable to use a sulfohydryl group, a phosphate group, a phosphate group, or a thiazole group as the functional group 305 at the end of the linear molecule, respectively.
- biotin can be used for the functional group 306 on the opposite side of the linear molecule.
- the resist is peeled off.
- non-specific adsorption preventing treatment is performed on the surface of the supporting substrate other than the adhesive pad formed.
- coating with nonspecific adsorption preventing molecules 307 having a negatively charged functional group is performed. For example, epoxy silane is applied to the surface by spin coating, heat treatment, and then treatment with a weakly acidic solution (pH 5 to pH 6) to open the epoxy group and introduce OH group to the surface. Adsorption prevention effect can be brought about.
- the surface of the fine particles 308 is preferably modified with avidin 309 in advance.
- avidin 309 When gold or platinum fine particles are used, it is easy to modify avidin by reacting aminothiol, then reacting biotin-succinimide (NHS-Biotin manufactured by Pierce), and finally reacting streptavidin. it can.
- metal fine particles other than gold or platinum the surface is oxidized by heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, then aminosilane is reacted, and then biotin-succinimide (NHS-Biotin manufactured by Pierce) is reacted. Finally, react with streptavidin. Thereby, it is possible to easily avidin-modify the surface of the metal fine particles.
- semiconductor fine particles are used as the fine particles, commercially available fine particles can be used.
- the product name “Qdot® streptavidin label” (manufactured by Invitrogen) having a diameter of 15 to 20 nm can be used.
- polystyrene beads can also be used as the fine particles.
- the product name “Fluosphere Neutravidin Modification” (manufactured by Invitrogen) having a diameter of 40 nm can be used.
- an oligonucleotide is used as the capture molecule 310, it can be easily fixed on the fine particle 308 by synthesizing the end with biotin.
- the nucleic acid analysis device of this example can be manufactured by immobilizing the fine particles 308 having the capture molecules 310 immobilized on the adhesive pad 303.
- a binding site 402 for capturing the capture molecule 404 is bonded to the surface of the fine particle 401.
- streptavidin can be used as the binding site
- commercially available streptavidin-coated fine particles manufactured by Invitrogen
- the binding molecule 403 is modified in advance on the capture molecule 404. As the binding site 403, one that easily binds to the binding site 402 on the surface of the fine particle 401 is selected.
- a capture molecule 404 having a binding site 403 at the end can be easily synthesized by synthesizing an oligo whose end is modified with the binding site 403.
- the capture molecules 404 are bonded to the fine particles 401 by reacting the fine particles 401 with the capture molecules 404.
- the number of the trapping molecules 404 in the unit volume is smaller than the number of the particle 401.
- the number of trapping molecules 404 is larger than that of the fine particles 401, the number of trapping molecules per fine particle 401 is likely to be larger than one molecule.
- the capture molecules 404 are not captured by about 90% of the fine particles 401, and about 9%.
- One capture molecule 404 was captured by the fine particle 401. This result is in good agreement with the predicted result assuming a Poisson distribution. Therefore, if only the fine particles 401 that have captured the capture molecules 404 are collected, 90% or more of the collected fine particles 401 become the fine particles 401 that have captured only one capture molecule 404.
- the capture molecules 404 can be bound to the magnetic fine particles 407 and collected by a magnet.
- An oligonucleotide 405 having a sequence complementary to the terminal sequence of the capture molecule 404 and having a binding site 406 modified at the end is prepared, and a binding site 408 that binds to the binding site 406 is coated on the surface of the magnetic particle 407 in advance. .
- the magnetic fine particles 407 thus produced, the fine particles 401 having captured one molecule of the capture molecules 404 can be separated and collected at a high rate of 90% or more.
- a denature treatment for separating the double strands of the capture molecules 404 and the oligonucleotides 405 can be used.
- the isolated microparticles 401 can be fixed in a predetermined arrangement on the support substrate by using the method described in Example 2, and a nucleic acid analysis device in which only one capture molecule 404 of this example is fixed is used. Can be manufactured.
- an electrophoresis method in order to increase the proportion of fine particles that have captured only one molecule. That is, by utilizing the fact that the amount of charge on the microparticle varies depending on the number of molecules of nucleic acid captured by the microparticle, the microparticle is migrated in a gel, such as agarose, while the nucleic acid is still captured, so Electrophoretic patterns are separated based on the number of nucleic acid molecules.
- the fine particles in which the nucleic acid is not captured have the shortest movement distance, and the fine particles in which only one nucleic acid molecule is captured form a band at the next short movement distance. Therefore, by cutting out this band, fine particles in which only one nucleic acid molecule is captured can be obtained with high purity.
- a capture tag molecule 502 labeled with a fluorescent dye 503 is bound to a nucleic acid fragment 501 to be analyzed.
- a ligation reaction or a coupling reaction between functional groups after introducing a functional group such as an amino group or a succinimide group into the nucleic acid fragment 501 to be analyzed and the capture tag molecule 502 in advance can also be used.
- a method using T4 RNA ligase with the capture tag molecule 502 as an RNA molecule having a length of about 10-20 bases is effective.
- the nucleic acid molecule 504 is for identifying individual nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed, and needs to have a base sequence that represents the sequence of each gene.
- sequence design it is necessary to keep the melting temperature, which is an indicator of nucleic acid duplex stability, within a certain range for each labeled molecule.
- the range is preferably narrow, but is preferably suppressed to a predetermined temperature of about ⁇ 3 ° C.
- the homology of the base sequences of the labeled molecules is low, and it is preferable to suppress the highest homology to 70% or less, more preferably 60% or less.
- the fluorescent material 505 can be fluorescent beads containing a fluorescent material.
- the fine particles 508 forming the hybrid are fixed on an adhesive pad 509 formed on the support base 510.
- the conditions described in Example 1 can be applied as the fixing reaction conditions.
- the fluorescence of the fluorescent dye 503 and the phosphor 505 is measured by the detector 511, and the number of bright spots for each type of the fluorescent dye 503 and each phosphor 505 is calculated.
- the number of bright spots of the fluorescent dye 503 corresponds to the total number of nucleic acid fragments 501 to be analyzed, and the number of bright spots for each type of each phosphor 505 corresponds to the number of nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed of each type.
- the ratio of the number of each nucleic acid fragment to the total number of nucleic acid fragments to be analyzed can be calculated. Calculation of this ratio is particularly useful when performing comparative expression analysis between samples. For example, when searching for marker genes with different expression levels between healthy subjects and patients with specific diseases, it is necessary to find genes with the same expression levels between both samples and normalize them with the expression levels. It is practically very difficult to find a gene with the same expression level between both samples. In particular, Non-Patent Document 5 points out that this is a serious problem in quantitative PCR.
- the comparison between the healthy person and the patient can be directly compared with the ratio to the total number of sample molecules. it can. This point is particularly useful for comparative analysis of nucleic acid molecules in clinical specimens.
- a capture tag molecule 602 labeled with a fluorescent dye 603 is bound to a nucleic acid fragment 601 to be analyzed.
- a ligation reaction or a coupling reaction between functional groups after introducing a functional group such as an amino group or a succinimide group into the nucleic acid fragment 601 to be analyzed and the capture tag molecule 602 in advance can be used.
- a method using T4 RNA ligase with the capture tag molecule 602 as an RNA molecule having a length of about 10-20 bases is effective.
- the nucleic acid molecule 604 is for identifying individual nucleic acid fragments, and needs to have a base sequence representative of the sequence of each gene.
- sequence design it is necessary to keep the melting temperature, which is an indicator of nucleic acid duplex stability, within a certain range for each labeled molecule.
- the range is preferably narrow, but is preferably suppressed to a predetermined temperature of about ⁇ 3 ° C.
- the homology of the base sequences of the labeled molecules is low, and it is preferable to suppress the highest homology to 70% or less, more preferably 60% or less.
- the fluorescent material 605 can be fluorescent beads containing a fluorescent material.
- the fine particles 608 forming the hybrid are flowed into the flow path 609 and irradiated with excitation light, whereby the fluorescence of the fluorescent dye 603 and the fluorescence intensity of the phosphor 605 are measured by the detector 610.
- the diameter of the flow path 609 be less than or equal to twice the diameter of the fine particles 608 because the individual fine particles 608 can be identified and measured without measuring the fluorescence of the plurality of fluorescent dyes 603 at the same time. .
- the number of fluorescent bright spots of the fluorescent dye 603 is counted to obtain a value corresponding to the total number of nucleic acid fragments.
- the fluorescence of the fluorescent dye 603, the fluorescence of the phosphor 605, and the scattered light of the fine particles 608 are two-dimensionally displayed. Detection can be performed, and detection speed and sensitivity can be improved.
- fine particles made of a polymer such as polystyrene can be used, or magnetic fine particles containing a magnetic metal powder in the polymer can be used.
- unreacted fluorescent dye 603 that is not fixed to the fine particles 608 remaining in the reaction solution is labeled before flowing the reacted fine particles 608 through the flow channel 609.
- the capture tag molecule 602 and the nucleic acid molecule 604 labeled with the phosphor 605 can be easily removed, and only when the fluorescence of the fluorescent dye 603 and the fluorescence of the phosphor 605 are measured simultaneously, a specific phosphor This is preferable because it has a great merit that the measurement becomes easy.
- the nucleic acid analyzer of the present embodiment has a means for supplying a nucleic acid sample solution, a fluorescently labeled molecule solution and a washing solution to the nucleic acid analysis device substrate, and for performing hybridization on the nucleic acid analysis device substrate. Temperature adjusting means, means for irradiating light to the device substrate for nucleic acid analysis, and luminescence detecting means for measuring the fluorescence of the fluorescent substance of the fluorescently labeled molecule. More specifically, a reaction chamber is formed by placing a nucleic acid analysis device substrate 701 on a temperature control plate 703 and bonding a flow path forming member 702 provided with a flow path 704 thereon. For the flow path forming member 702, for example, PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) can be used.
- PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane
- a liquid feeding unit 705 is connected to the inlet, and the nucleic acid sample solution to be analyzed, the molecule solution with fluorescent label, and the washing solution stored in the liquid feeding unit 705 are sequentially supplied to the nucleic acid analysis device substrate 701. Is done. After the nucleic acid sample solution to be analyzed and the fluorescently labeled molecule solution are supplied to the nucleic acid analysis device substrate 701, the solution is held on the nucleic acid analysis device substrate 701 in the flow path 704, and is heated at 30 ° C. by the temperature control plate 703. To 80 ° C., the temperature of the reaction solution on the nucleic acid analysis device substrate 701 is controlled to perform hybridization. After hybridization, a washing solution is supplied from the solution feeding unit 705 to the nucleic acid analysis device substrate 701, and unreacted substances are washed.
- An appropriate excitation light source can be selected depending on the type of phosphor used. For example, when using Cy5, Cy5.5, and Cy3 as phosphors used for the fluorescent beads, the excitation light can be handled with two types of 532 nm (YAG laser) and 633 nm (He—Ne laser).
- the dichroic mirror 714 After adjusting the laser light oscillated from the YAG laser light source (wavelength 532 nm, output 20 mW) 707 and the He—Ne laser light source (wavelength 633 nm, output 20 mW) 713 by the dichroic mirror 714 to be coaxial,
- the light is guided to the objective lens 706 by the dichroic mirror 709 and irradiated onto the nucleic acid analysis device substrate 701.
- the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescently labeled molecules travels in the reverse direction of the excitation light and the coaxial optical path, is collected by the objective lens 706, passes through the dichroic mirror 709, and is formed on the photosensitive surface of the two-dimensional CCD camera 712 by the imaging lens 711. Imaged.
- the scattered light of the excitation light is removed by the optical filter 710.
- nucleic acid analyzer As described above, by assembling a nucleic acid analyzer with a liquid feeding unit, a temperature control plate, an excitation light source, and a fluorescence detection unit, it becomes possible to automatically perform nucleic acid analysis by a high bullization, which is a significant improvement over the prior art. Throughput can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
102,202,303,509 接着パッド
103,203,308,401,508,608 微粒子
104,204,310,404,506,606 捕捉分子
105,507,607 結合分子
106,501,601 解析対象の核酸断片
107,502,602 捕捉用タグ分子
108 蛍光体標識付核酸分子
205,304 線状分子
206,207 官能基
301 平滑な支持基体
302 電子線用ポジ型レジスト
305,306 線状分子末端の官能基
307 非特異吸着防止用分子
309 アビジン
402,403,406,408 結合サイト
405 オリゴヌクレオチド
407 磁気微粒子
503,603 蛍光色素
504,604 核酸分子
505,605 蛍光体
511,610 検出器
609,704 流路
701 核酸分析用デバイス基板
702 流路形成部材
703 温調プレート
705 送液ユニット
706 対物レンズ
707 YAGレーザ光源
708 レンズ
709,714 ダイクロイックミラー
710 光学フィルタ
711 結像レンズ
712 2次元CCDカメラ
713 He-Neレーザ光源
Claims (14)
- 解析対象の核酸断片群を用意し、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を前記解析対象の核酸断片群とハイブリダイゼーションさせ、ハイブリダイゼーションした核酸分子に標識された蛍光体を検出し、前記蛍光体の個数を計数することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 解析対象の核酸断片群を一分子ずつ用意し、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を前記解析対象の核酸断片群とハイブリダイゼーションさせ、ハイブリダイゼーションした核酸分子に標識された蛍光体を検出することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 解析対象の核酸分子群を、一分子ずつ、空間的に分離された位置に固定する工程と、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を、前記解析対象の核酸分子群とハイブリダイゼーションする工程と、前記ハイブリダイゼーションの工程後に、前記蛍光体の蛍光を測定する工程を含むことを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 解析対象の核酸分子群を、一分子ずつ、支持基体上の異なる位置に固定する工程と、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を前記支持基体上の核酸断片群とハイブリダイゼーションする工程と、前記ハイブリダイゼーションの工程後に、前記蛍光体の蛍光を測定する工程を含むことを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 解析対象の核酸断片群を、微粒子上に、微粒子一つあたり前記核酸断片を一分子ずつ固定する工程と、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を、前記微粒子上の核酸断片とハイブリダイゼーションする工程と、前記ハイブリダイゼーションの工程後に、前記微粒子を支持基体上に固定する工程と、前記蛍光体の蛍光を測定する工程を含むことを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 請求項1において、解析対象の核酸断片群は、個々の核酸試料ごとに壁で隔離されてはいない状態で、すべての核酸断片群が、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を含む同一の溶液と反応することで、ハイブリダイゼーションさせることを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 請求項1において、前記蛍光体標識が、解析対象の核酸の種類ごとに、配合割合が異なった複数種類の蛍光体を含む微粒子であることを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 請求項7において、特定の核酸種以外の核酸種に対しては同一の蛍光体標識を用い、前記核酸分子ごとに蛍光輝点数を計数した上で、総輝点数に対する特定の核酸種ごとの輝点数の比を算出することで、前記特定の核酸種ごとの存在量を評価することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 請求項7において、解析対象の核酸断片群に対して共通の蛍光体標識を施し、前記蛍光体とは異なる蛍光体で標識された既知の塩基配列を有する核酸分子をハイブリダイゼーションする工程を含み、前者と後者の蛍光体の輝点数の比を算出することで、前記解析対象の核酸断片の種類ごとの存在量を評価することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 解析対象の核酸断片群を一分子ずつ固定した微粒子を用意し、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を前記解析対象の核酸断片群とハイブリダイゼーションさせ、ハイブリダイゼーションした前記核酸分子に標識された蛍光体を検出することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 請求項10において、解析対象の核酸断片群を一分子ずつ固定した前記微粒子が磁気微粒子であり、前記蛍光体標識が、解析対象の核酸の種類ごとに、配合割合が異なった複数種類の蛍光体を含む微粒子であり、ハイブリダイゼーション後に、ハイブリダイゼーションしなかった前記蛍光体標識された核酸分子と前記磁気微粒子を分離した後、前記磁気微粒子上の核酸分子とハイブリダイゼーションした核酸分子に標識された蛍光体を検出することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 請求項10において、特定の核酸種以外の核酸種に対しては同一の蛍光体標識を用い、前記核酸分子ごとに蛍光輝点数を計数した上で、総輝点数に対する特定の核酸種ごとの輝点数の割合を算出することで、前記特定の核酸種ごとの存在量を評価することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 請求項10において、解析対象の核酸分子群に対して同一の蛍光体標識を施し、前記蛍光体とは異なる蛍光体で標識された既知の塩基配列を有する核酸分子をハイブリダイゼーションする工程を含み、前者と後者の蛍光輝点数の比を算出することで、前記解析対象の核酸の種類ごとの存在量を評価することを特徴とする、核酸分析方法。
- 解析対象の核酸分子群を、一分子ずつ、空間的に分離された位置に固定する手段と、既知の塩基配列を有しかつ蛍光体標識された核酸分子を、前記解析対象の核酸分子群とハイブリダイゼーションする手段と、前記ハイブリダイゼーションの工程後に、前記蛍光体の蛍光を測定する手段を具備することを特徴とする核酸分析装置。
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EP2735618B1 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
EP2735618A4 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
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