WO2013003998A1 - 液压控制回路 - Google Patents

液压控制回路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013003998A1
WO2013003998A1 PCT/CN2011/076821 CN2011076821W WO2013003998A1 WO 2013003998 A1 WO2013003998 A1 WO 2013003998A1 CN 2011076821 W CN2011076821 W CN 2011076821W WO 2013003998 A1 WO2013003998 A1 WO 2013003998A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
way
relief valve
inlet
actuator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/076821
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
左春庚
郭海保
李美香
张劲
谢海波
刘建华
向志平
魏星
简桃凤
Original Assignee
长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 长沙中联重工科技发展股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2011/076821 priority Critical patent/WO2013003998A1/zh
Publication of WO2013003998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013003998A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F15B11/0423Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/30565Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve
    • F15B2211/3058Assemblies of multiple valves having multiple valves for a single output member, e.g. for creating higher valve function by use of multiple valves like two 2/2-valves replacing a 5/3-valve having additional valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of a double-acting actuator, e.g. for regeneration mode or for floating mode
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3116Neutral or centre positions the pump port being open in the centre position, e.g. so-called open centre
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/315Directional control characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40515Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with variable throttles or orifices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40576Assemblies of multiple valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/42Flow control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/428Flow control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/45Control of bleed-off flow, e.g. control of bypass flow to the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7058Rotary output members

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of hydraulic control and, in particular, to a hydraulic control circuit having a buffer circuit. Background technique
  • Figures 1 and 2 are a conventional hydraulic control circuit.
  • the hydraulic control circuit includes a directional control valve 10 and an actuator 11 (such as a hydraulic motor) connected to the directional control valve 10, the directional control valve 10 including a bypass inlet P' and a bypass throttle circuit of the bypass outlet T', wherein the bypass inlet P' communicates with the oil inlet port P (ie, the working hydraulic oil of the hydraulic pump can be supplied to the oil inlet port P and the bypass inlet P of the directional control valve 10) ' ), the bypass outlet T' communicates with the fuel tank, and the flow passage section of the bypass throttle circuit changes with the opening degree of the directional control valve 10.
  • the bypass inlet P' communicates with the oil inlet port P (ie, the working hydraulic oil of the hydraulic pump can be supplied to the oil inlet port P and the bypass inlet P of the directional control valve 10) '
  • the bypass outlet T' communicates with the fuel tank
  • the flow passage section of the bypass throttle circuit changes with the opening degree of the directional control
  • FIG. 1 shows the working state of the hydraulic control circuit when the directional control valve 10 is in the neutral position.
  • the working oil ports (A port and B port) of the directional control valve 10 the oil inlet port P and the back are shown.
  • the oil port T is cut off, and the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T' are connected, and the bypass throttle circuit (substantially) does not throttle the oil flowing through the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T'. effect.
  • the actuator 11 does not operate, and hydraulic oil from a hydraulic pump (not shown) flows back to the tank through the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T'.
  • the opening degree of the directional control valve 10 is gradually increased, the oil inlet port P communicates with the A port, and the B port and the oil return.
  • the mouth T is in communication, and the flow cross section of the bypass throttle circuit formed by the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T' is gradually reduced.
  • most of the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump sequentially flows through the inlet ports P and A, passes through the actuator 11 and performs work on the actuator, and then flows back from the port B through the oil return port T to the tank.
  • a small portion of the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump flows through the bypass inlet P' and the bypass outlet T' to throttle back to the tank.
  • this hydraulic control circuit has the drawback that during the operation of the actuator 11 (especially when the actuator 11 is started and braked), the load on the actuator 11 is often varied, and in some cases ( If the actuator 11 suddenly encounters a large resistance, the load may suddenly or sharply change, causing the pressure of the hydraulic oil on one side of the actuator 11 to drastically change (e.g., rise). This can have serious adverse effects on system stability and reliability.
  • Figure 3 shows the portion of the buffer circuit in a conventional hydraulic control loop.
  • the buffer circuit 100' includes: a first relief valve 51 and a second relief valve 52, the inlet of the first relief valve 51 being connected to the first side of the actuator 11.
  • the inlet of the second relief valve 52 is connected to the second side of the actuator 11; the first one-way valve 61 and the second one-way valve 62, the outlet of the first one-way valve 61 is connected to The first side of the actuator 11, the outlet of the second one-way valve 62 is connected to the second side of the actuator 11, the first one-way valve 61 and the second one-way valve
  • the inlets of 62 are in communication with each other; and a buffer control valve 60' having an inlet connected to an outlet of the first relief valve 51 and an outlet of a second relief valve 52, the buffer control valve 60' The outlet is connected to the line between the inlet of the first one-way valve 61 and the inlet of the second one-way valve 62.
  • the first relief valve 51 When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value, the first relief valve 51 is turned on, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil of the first side to flow to the inlet of the buffer control valve 60', at this time, the buffer control valve 60' is in the neutral position and the buffer control valve 60' is in communication. Then, the hydraulic oil flows out from the outlet of the buffer control valve 60' under the control of the buffer control valve 60', and flows to the second side of the actuator 11 through the corresponding one-way valve (ie, the second one-way valve 62). And flowing back to the oil tank, so that a part of the hydraulic oil flows back to the oil tank through the buffer circuit 100', so that it is all supplied to the actuator 11, thereby slowing down Punching effect.
  • the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 acts to move the spool of the control oil push buffer control valve 60' to the left, and the hydraulic oil flowing through the buffer control valve 60' gradually decreases when the spool moves to the left position.
  • the buffer control valve 60' is off, the hydraulic oil cannot continue to flow back to the tank.
  • the first relief valve 51 is closed, so that the hydraulic oil of the first side of the actuator 11 is no longer allowed to flow through the buffer circuit 100' to the actuator 11.
  • the second relief valve 52 When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value (at this time, the second side is the high pressure side), the second relief valve 52 is accordingly turned on, thereby allowing the hydraulic pressure of the second side. The oil flows to the first side through the buffer control valve 60'. When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side drops below a predetermined value, the second relief valve 52 is closed. This process is similar to the case where the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the above-described actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value, and therefore will not be described in detail.
  • the drawback is that when the spool of the buffer control valve 60' is in the neutral position, the buffer control valve 60' The valve opening is large, allowing the high pressure hydraulic oil to pass quickly, and when the spool of the buffer control valve 60' is in the left or right position as the limit position, the valve port of the buffer control valve 60' is completely closed, and cannot Continue to function as a buffer. Therefore, the effect of the traditional buffer circuit to mitigate shocks is limited. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a hydraulic control circuit including an actuator and a buffer circuit in parallel with the actuator, the buffer circuit including a relief valve and a buffer control valve connected in series with the relief valve
  • the overflow valve When the overflow valve is not closed, the spool of the buffer control valve is in an initial position, and the valve port of the buffer control valve is opened, characterized in that the overflow valve is turned on and the buffer control is When the spool of the valve is in the limit position, the flow passage area of the valve port of the buffer control valve is smaller than the flow area when the valve port is opened and is not completely closed.
  • the relief valve comprises a first relief valve and a second relief valve, the inlet of the first relief valve being connected to a first side of the actuator, and the inlet of the second relief valve being connected a second side of the actuator;
  • the buffer control valve is connected in series with the first relief valve and the second relief valve and is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator side.
  • the buffer control valve has a first inlet, a second inlet and the outlet, an outlet of the first relief valve is connected to a first inlet of the buffer control valve, and the second relief valve The outlet is connected to the second inlet of the buffer control valve, wherein when the first relief valve and the second relief valve are not turned on, the spool of the buffer control valve is at an initial position, An inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet are connected; when one of the first relief valve and the second relief valve is turned on, the spool of the buffer control valve moves to a corresponding extreme position, thereby causing the flow The hydraulic oil passing through the relief valve of the first relief valve and the second relief valve flows to the outlet through throttling.
  • the buffer control valve comprises: a buffer valve body having a cavity and the first inlet, the second inlet and the outlet communicating with the cavity; as a spool of the buffer control valve a sliding core having a first end, a second end, and a connecting portion connecting the first end and the second end, the sliding core being movably disposed in the cavity and in the empty a through-flow chamber defined between the first end portion and the second end portion facing each other and surrounding the connecting portion, the through-flow chamber communicating with the outlet, the first inlet being disposed through a first throttling groove on a side of the first end facing the second end portion is in communication with the flow-through cavity, the second inlet being capable of passing through the second end portion facing the first end portion
  • the second throttle groove on the side is in communication with the flow passage, and the stroke L2 of the slide core is smaller than the length L1 of the first throttle groove and the second throttle groove in the longitudinal direction of the slide core.
  • the buffer control valve is a hydraulically controlled directional control valve
  • the cavity is further divided by the sliding core into a first control chamber adjacent to the first end portion and opposite to the second end portion a second control chamber adjacent to the first control chamber is coupled to the first side of the actuator by a first damping element, and the second control chamber is coupled to the actuator by a second damping element Said the second side.
  • the buffer control valve comprises a hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve, and the hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve a first inlet, a second inlet, a control port and an outlet, wherein a first inlet of the liquid-controlled two-position three-way valve is connected to an outlet of the first relief valve, and a third of the liquid-controlled two-position three-way valve a second inlet connected to the outlet of the second relief valve, the outlet of the pilot three-position three-way valve being directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator; the hydraulic control circuit further comprising a shuttle a valve having a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet, a first inlet of the shuttle valve coupled to the first side of the actuator, and a second inlet of the shuttle valve coupled to the actuator The second side of the component, the outlet of the shuttle valve is coupled to the control port of the pilot operated three-position three-way valve by a third damping element, wherein the first relief valve and the second When the
  • the buffer circuit further includes a first one-way valve and a second one-way valve, an outlet of the first one-way valve is connected to the first side of the actuator, and the second one-way valve An outlet is connected to the second side of the actuator, and inlets of the first one-way valve and the second one-way valve are in communication with each other; an outlet of the buffer control valve is connected to an inlet of the first one-way valve And the line between the inlet of the second check valve.
  • the first relief valve is a first one-way relief valve integrated with a check valve and a relief valve that are opposite in opening direction
  • the second relief valve is integrated with a one-way opening direction opposite a second one-way relief valve of the valve and the relief valve, the buffer control valve being coupled between the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way relief valve.
  • the buffer control valve is a hydraulically controlled three-position two-way valve
  • the liquid control three-position two-way valve has a first working port and a second working port, and a first control port and a second control port
  • the liquid control The first working port of the three-position two-way valve is connected to the outlet of the first one-way relief valve
  • the second working port of the liquid-controlled three-position two-way valve is connected to the second one-way overflow Valve outlet
  • the hydraulic control three two a first control port and a second control port of the valve are respectively connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator; wherein, the overflow valve and the second one-way overflow of the first one-way relief valve
  • the valve core of the hydraulic three-position two-way valve is located at an initial position, and the first working port and the second working port of the three-position two-way valve are connected;
  • the buffer control valve comprises a hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve having a first working port, a second working port and a control port, and the liquid control 2/2-way valve a working port is connected to the outlet of the first one-way relief valve, and a second working port of the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve is connected to an outlet of the second one-way relief valve;
  • the hydraulic control circuit Also included is a shuttle valve having a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet, a first inlet of the shuttle valve coupled to the first side of the actuator, and a second inlet of the shuttle valve coupled to The second side of the actuator, the outlet of the shuttle valve is connected to the control port of the liquid-controlled 2nd-position valve through a fourth damping element, wherein the first one-way overflow When the overflow valve of the flow valve and the overflow valve of the second one-way relief valve are not connected, the valve core of the liquid control 2/2-way valve is located at an initial position, and the liquid control 2/2-way valve The
  • the actuator is a hydraulic motor
  • the hydraulic control circuit is a swing control loop.
  • the valve port of the buffer control valve is completely closed, thereby ending the buffering action.
  • it is more important that the flow area of the valve port of the buffer control valve is smaller than the flow area when the valve port is opened, even if the spool of the buffer control valve is moved to the limit position. Not fully closed, thereby still allowing hydraulic oil to flow from a relatively high pressure inlet to a relatively low pressure return line to maintain proper cushioning and thus better cushioning than conventional buffer circuits effect.
  • 1 and 2 are schematic views of a conventional hydraulic control circuit
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a conventional hydraulic control circuit
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hydraulic control circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the buffer control valve of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing a specific structure of the buffer control valve of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a hydraulic control circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the buffer control valve of Figure 7;
  • 9 and 10 are schematic illustrations of hydraulic control circuits in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, respectively.
  • the hydraulic control circuit provided by the present invention includes an actuator 11. Additionally, the hydraulic control circuit described above may further include a directional control valve 10 (shown in Figures 1 and 2), a fuel tank (not shown), and a hydraulic pump (not shown) coupled to the fuel tank and through the The directional control valve 10 is connected to the actuator 11.
  • a directional control valve 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2
  • a fuel tank not shown
  • a hydraulic pump not shown
  • a buffer circuit 100 in parallel with the actuator 11 is also provided, as shown in Figs. 4, 7, 9, and 10.
  • the buffer circuit 100 includes relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 and buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 connected in series with the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82, of the hydraulic control circuit
  • the oil inlet passage of the actuator 11 is connected to the oil return passage of the actuator 11 of the hydraulic control circuit through the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 and the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92, thereby realizing a buffer circuit 100 in parallel with the actuator 11, when the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 are not connected, the spools of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 are in an initial position, the buffer control valves 60, 90
  • the valve port of 92 is opened, wherein the buffer control valves 60, 90 are opened when the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 are turned on and the
  • the system hydraulic oil enters the actuator 11 from the oil inlet path of the actuator 11, and after the actuator 11 is driven, it flows back to the tank from the oil return path of the actuator 11. . Therefore, usually during operation, the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil inlet path of the actuator 11 is relatively high, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the return path of the actuator 11 is relatively Lower.
  • the system load suddenly changes (for example, when the system starts or brakes, or the actuator
  • the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil inlet path of the actuator 11 also suddenly increases.
  • the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 in the buffer circuit will change from the off state to the on state, and then through the overflow
  • the flow control valves 51, 52; 81, 82 are connected to the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 and are controlled to flow into the oil return path of the actuator 11, thereby functioning as a buffer.
  • the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 Turning on, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil of excessive pressure in the intake passage to flow to the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 through the closed relief valve, since the spool of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 is at the valve port at this time
  • the initial position of the opening makes it possible to quickly flow to the return path of the actuator 11.
  • the spools of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 are moved from the initial position to the limit position, thereby controlling the hydraulic oil flowing through the buffer control valve.
  • the flow passage area of the valve ports of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 is smaller than the flow area when the valve ports are opened and is not completely closed. Therefore, as long as the relief valves 51, 52; 81, 82 are not closed, even if the spools of the buffer control valves 60, 90, 92 reach the limit position, the hydraulic oil having excessive pressure in the oil passage of the actuator 11 can pass.
  • the buffer circuit flows into a relatively small pressure return path for better cushioning.
  • Actuator 11 can be a variety of actuators, such as various piston or hydraulic motors.
  • the inlet and return lines of the actuator 11 are different for different actuators.
  • the inlet and return lines of a single-acting piston cylinder are generally constant. That is to say, the oil path connecting the single-acting piston cylinder to the hydraulic pump is usually the oil inlet path, and the oil path connected to the oil cylinder is usually the return oil path.
  • the oil inlet and return lines of the actuator can be interchanged, such as a double-acting piston cylinder or a hydraulic motor that can be driven in both directions of rotation.
  • the actuator 11 is The hydraulic motor, wherein the A side can be the oil inlet path, the B side is the return oil path; or the B side can be the oil inlet path, and the A side is the return oil path.
  • the buffer circuit 100 is capable of allowing the hydraulic oil of the first side to flow to the second side (B side) of the actuator 11 in a controlled manner.
  • the first side and the second side of the actuator 11 referred to herein are only used to distinguish the two sides of the actuator 11, wherein the first side may refer to either side of the actuator 11 and the second side refers to the actuator 11 The other side opposite the first side.
  • the first side is the oil inlet side of the oil inlet
  • the second side is the oil return side of the return line
  • the first side is the oil return side of the return line
  • the second side is the oil inlet side.
  • the oil inlet side when the first side is the oil inlet side of the oil inlet, the second side is the oil return side of the return line; the first side is the oil return side of the return line, and the second side is the oil inlet side.
  • the buffer circuit 100 With the buffer circuit 100, when the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 is excessively large, that is, when the predetermined pressure value is exceeded, the hydraulic oil on the first side is allowed to buffer the pressure of the larger hydraulic oil. Controlled flow to the other side of the actuator 11 (i.e., the second side), thereby acting to buffer higher pressures, thereby avoiding damage to the safe operation of the hydraulic control circuit.
  • the so-called "controlled” means that the buffer circuit does not always keep the first side of the actuator 11 in communication with the second side, but rather when the pressure on one side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined pressure value.
  • the circuit allows the first side and the second side of the actuator 11 to communicate such that a portion of the hydraulic oil flows between the first side and the second side through the buffer circuit 100, and after the higher pressure drops to a predetermined value, The first side and the second side of the actuator 11 are disconnected, thereby providing the actuator 11 with sufficient drive load capability.
  • the pressure of the actuator 11 can be higher through the buffer circuit 100.
  • the hydraulic oil on the side is controllably guided to the lower pressure side, thereby buffering the change in hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic control circuit.
  • the buffer control valve 60' in the buffer circuit 100' of the conventional hydraulic control circuit is completely closed when the spool is in the extreme position.
  • the valve port of the buffer control valve 60 is not completely closed, but a predetermined flow passage section is retained, thereby still allowing the hydraulic oil. It flows from the relatively high pressure side to the relatively low pressure side to maintain proper cushioning, so it can also filter the pressure peak during the movement, which is better than the traditional buffer circuit. Buffering effect.
  • Buffer circuit 100 can be implemented in a variety of ways. In the present invention, a preferred embodiment of a plurality of buffer circuits 100 is provided. Preferred embodiments of the various buffer circuits 100 will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the buffer circuit 100 includes: a first relief valve 51 and a second relief valve 52, the first An inlet of an overflow valve 51 is connected to the first side of the actuator 11, and an inlet of the second relief valve 52 is connected to the second side of the actuator 11; the buffer control valve 60 is connected in series with the first relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52, respectively, and is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11.
  • the relief valve comprises a first relief valve 51 and a second relief valve 52 and is connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11, respectively. Therefore, when the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the side of the actuator 11 as the oil inlet passage exceeds the predetermined pressure, the corresponding relief valve is opened (the hydraulic pressure of the first side exceeds the predetermined pressure, the first relief valve 51 is opened) When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side exceeds the predetermined pressure, the second relief valve 52 is opened, and then the excessively pressurized hydraulic oil flows through the buffer control valve 60 to the other side as the return passage, thereby Play a role in slowing down the impact.
  • Buffer control valve 60 can take a variety of forms.
  • the buffer control valve 60 can be electronically controlled Directional control valve, hydraulic directional control valve or manual directional control valve.
  • the buffer control valve 60 has a first inlet 601, a second inlet 602, and the outlet 603, the outlet of the first relief valve 51 and the buffer control valve 60.
  • the first inlet 601 is connected, and the outlet of the second relief valve 52 is connected to the second inlet 602 of the buffer control valve 60, wherein neither the first relief valve 51 nor the second relief valve 52
  • the buffer control valve 60 is in an initial position, the first inlet 601, the second inlet 602, and the outlet 603 are turned on; one of the first relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52
  • the buffer control valve 60 moves to the corresponding limit position (ie, the spool of the buffer control valve 60 in FIG. 4 moves to the left or right position), thereby flowing through the first relief valve 51 and
  • the hydraulic oil of the relief valve that is opened in the second relief valve 52 flows to the outlet 603 by throttling.
  • the difference between the buffer circuit 100 shown in Fig. 4 and the buffer circuit 100' in Fig. 3 is mainly in the principle and structure of the buffer control valve 60.
  • valve port between the first inlet 601 and the outlet 603 of the buffer control valve 60 and the second inlet 602 are The valve port between the outlets 603 is not completely closed, but allows the hydraulic oil to flow through the corresponding valve port through the throttle groove.
  • the valve body of the damping control valve 60 since the valve body of the damping control valve 60 still has a flow cross section at the extreme position of the left or right position, the hydraulic oil is allowed to flow under the throttling action, so when executed
  • the element 11 can not only buffer the impact of the higher pressure of the hydraulic oil on both sides of the actuator 11 during starting and braking, but also buffer the pressure shock generated by the actuator 11 during operation, thereby obtaining a more conventional hydraulic control circuit.
  • the buffer circuit has a better buffering effect.
  • the first relief valve 51 is turned on, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil on the first side to flow to the buffer control valve.
  • the buffer control valve 60 At the inlet of 60, the buffer control valve 60 is still in the initial position and the buffer control valve 60 is in communication. Then, the hydraulic oil flows out from the outlet of the buffer control valve 60 under the control of the buffer control valve 60, and flows to the second side of the actuator 11 and flows back to the oil tank, so that a part of the hydraulic oil flows back to the oil tank through the buffer circuit 100. It is avoided that all of it is supplied to the actuator 11 to function as a buffer.
  • the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 acts to control the oil to push the spool of the buffer control valve 60 to the left, the hydraulic oil flowing through the buffer control valve 60 gradually decreases, and when the spool moves to the left position, the buffer The control valve 60 still retains a reduced flow area, thereby continuing to allow a small amount of hydraulic oil to flow back to the tank for cushioning.
  • the first relief valve 51 is closed, so that the hydraulic oil of the first side of the actuator 11 is no longer allowed to flow through the buffer circuit 100 to the actuator 11. The second side.
  • the second relief valve 52 When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value (at this time, the second side is the high pressure side), the second relief valve 52 is accordingly turned on, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil on the second side. It flows to the first side by buffering the control valve 60. When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side drops below a predetermined value, the second relief valve 52 is closed. This process is similar to the case where the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the above-described actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value, and therefore will not be described in detail.
  • the cushion control valve 60 for the embodiment of Figure 4 can have a variety of configurations.
  • the buffer control valve 60 includes: a buffer valve body 200 having a cavity 201 and the first inlet 601, the same as the cavity 201 a second inlet 602 and an outlet 603; a sliding core 604 as a spool of the buffer control valve 60, the sliding core 604 having a first end 605, a second end 606, and connecting the first end and the second end a connecting portion 607, the sliding core 604 is movably disposed in the cavity 201 and defines a position in the cavity 201
  • the first end portion 605 and the second end portion 606 are opposite to each other and surround the through-flow chamber 608 of the connecting portion 607, the through-flow chamber 608 is in communication with the outlet 603, the first inlet 601 is in communication with the flow-through chamber 608 by a first throttle groove 611 disposed on a side of the first end toward the second end, the second inlet 602 being
  • the first inlet 601 of the buffer control valve 60 communicates with the outlet 603 through the first throttle groove 611, the flow passage chamber 608, and the throttling effect is achieved by the first throttle groove 611.
  • the second inlet 602 of the buffer control valve 60 communicates with the outlet 603 through the second throttle groove 612, the flow passage 608, and the throttling effect is achieved by the second throttle groove 612.
  • the stroke L2 of the slide core 604 (ie, the moving distance from the intermediate position of the slide core 604 to the left or right position) is smaller than the first throttle.
  • the stroke L2 of the slide core 604, the length L1 of the first throttle groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 along the longitudinal direction of the slide core, and the difference between L2 and L1 are generally designed and selected according to specific application conditions.
  • the first throttle groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 may each have one or more strips.
  • the first throttle groove 611 and the second throttle groove 612 each include a plurality of throttle grooves.
  • the structure of the damper control valve 60 applied to the embodiment of Fig. 4 is not limited to the specific structure shown in Fig. 6.
  • the buffer control valve 60 shown in FIG. 6 is a hydraulic control valve
  • the buffer control valve 60 may also be an electronically controlled valve or a manual control valve, etc., as long as buffer control can be realized.
  • the above functions of the valve 60 are sufficient.
  • the buffer control valve 60 is a hydraulically controlled directional control valve, and the cavity 201 is further divided by the sliding core into a first portion adjacent to the first end portion 605. a control chamber 613 and a second control chamber 614 adjacent to the second end 606, the first control chamber 613 being coupled to the first side of the actuator 11 by a first damping element 615, The second control chamber 614 is coupled to the second side of the actuator 11 by a second damping element 616.
  • the first relief valve 51 is actuated to be turned on, and the high pressure hydraulic oil on the first side passes through the first A damping element 615 (e.g., a damper plug) flows into the first control chamber 613 to drive the slide core 604 to slide to the right until the force acting on the slide core 604 is again in the equilibrium position.
  • the slide core 604 is returned to the intermediate position.
  • the first damping element 615 and the second damping element 616 can be various damping plugs.
  • the buffer control valve 60 may include: a hydraulically controlled two-position three-way valve 69 having a first inlet 621, a second inlet 622, and a control a port 623 and an outlet 624, a first inlet 621 of the liquid-controlled two-position three-way valve is connected to an outlet of the first relief valve 51, and a second inlet 622 of the liquid-controlled two-position three-way valve is connected to the The outlet of the second relief valve 52, the outlet 624 of the pilot three-position valve is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11; the hydraulic control circuit further includes a shuttle valve 70 The shuttle valve has a first inlet 701, a second inlet 702 and an outlet 703, a first inlet 701 of the shuttle valve is coupled to the first side of the actuator 11, and a second inlet 702 of the shuttle valve Connected to the second side of the actuator 11, the
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 shown in FIG.
  • the first inlet 621, the second inlet 622, and the outlet 624 of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 are turned on; at the first relief valve 51 and the second When one of the relief valves 52 is turned on, the spool of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 moves to the extreme position (the left position shown in FIGS. 7 and 8), thereby flowing through the first
  • the hydraulic oil of the relief valve that is opened in the relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52 is throttled to the outlet 624 of the pilot three-position three-way valve.
  • the shuttle valve 70 provides a control signal to the pilot three-position three-way valve 69.
  • the first relief valve 51 is turned on.
  • the shuttle valve 70 directs the high pressure hydraulic oil to the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 via the third damping element 704 (such as a damping plug), thereby moving the spool of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 from the initial position to The extreme position allows the high pressure hydraulic oil from the first relief valve 51 to flow to the second side of the actuator 11 via the throttling damping of the pilot three-position three-way valve 69.
  • the first relief valve 51 is closed, and the pilot three-position three-way valve 69 is restored from the extreme position to the initial position.
  • the buffer control valve 60 connected in series with the first relief valve 51 and the second relief valve 52 is directly or indirectly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11.
  • the outlet of the buffer control valve 60 may be directly connected to the first side and the second side of the actuator 11, or, preferably, the buffer circuit further includes a first check valve 61 and a second check valve 62.
  • An outlet of the first one-way valve 61 is connected to the first side of the actuator 11 , and an outlet of the second one-way valve 62 is connected to the second side of the actuator 11
  • the inlets of the first one-way valve 61 and the second one-way valve 62 are in communication with each other; the outlet of the buffer control valve 60 is connected between the inlet of the first one-way valve 61 and the inlet of the second one-way valve 62 On the pipeline, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 7.
  • a hydraulic control circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention is provided, wherein the first relief valve 81 and the first and the relief valves are integrated with an opening direction opposite thereto a one-way relief valve, the second relief valve 82 is a second one-way relief valve integrated with a check valve and a relief valve that open in opposite directions, and the buffer control valves 90, 92 are connected to the first One-way overflow Between the flow valve and the second one-way relief valve.
  • the outlet of the damping control valve 60 is connected to the line between the two one-way valves in the embodiment of Figures 4 and 7, in the embodiment shown in Figures 9 and 10, due to the first relief valve 81 And the second relief valve 82 are both one-way relief valves integrated with a one-way valve and a relief valve, so that the hydraulic oil can pass from the time when the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined pressure
  • a one-way relief valve, a buffer control valve 90 or 92 which is directly connected to the side, and another one-way relief valve, which is directly connected to the other side, flow to the other side of the actuator 11.
  • the buffer control valve 90 is a hydraulically controlled three-position two-way valve, and the liquid control three-position two-way valve has a first working port 901 and a second working port 902 and a first control port.
  • 903 and the second control port 904 the first working port 901 of the hydraulic three-position two-way valve is connected to the outlet of the first one-way relief valve, and the third of the liquid control three-position two-way valve
  • Two working ports 902 are connected to the outlet of the second one-way relief valve, and the first control port 903 and the second control port 904 of the liquid-controlled three-position two-way valve are respectively connected to the first of the actuators 11 Side and second side;
  • the relief valve of the first one-way relief valve When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the first side of the actuator 11 exceeds a predetermined value, the relief valve of the first one-way relief valve is opened, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil on the first side causes the hydraulic control as the buffer control valve 90
  • the spool of the three-position two-way valve moves to the limit position of the valve port with a certain flow area, thereby allowing the first side hydraulic oil to pass through the first one-way relief valve (the overflow valve in the middle), and the hydraulic control three a two-way valve and a one-way valve in the second one-way relief valve flow to the second side of the actuator 11 to achieve a buffer pressure The role.
  • the relief valve of the second check valve When the pressure of the hydraulic oil on the second side of the actuator 11 exceeds the predetermined pressure, the relief valve of the second check valve is turned on, thereby moving the spool of the pilot three-position two-way valve as the buffer control valve to The limit position, thereby allowing the hydraulic oil on the second side to flow through the relief valve in the second one-way relief valve, the three-way two-way valve in the hydraulic control, and the one-way valve in the first one-way relief valve to execute The first side of element 11 acts to achieve a cushioning pressure.
  • the buffer control valve 92 includes a hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve having a first working port 921, a second working port 922, and a control port 923, a first working port 921 of the liquid-controlled 2/2-way valve is connected to an outlet of the first one-way relief valve, and a second inlet 922 of the liquid-controlled 2/2-way valve is connected to the second one-way overflow The outlet of the flow valve;
  • the hydraulic control circuit further includes a shuttle valve 91 having a first working port 911, a second inlet 912 and an outlet 913, the first working port 911 of the shuttle valve being connected to the first portion of the actuator 11 a second inlet 912 of the shuttle valve is connected to the second side of the actuator 11 , and an outlet 913 of the shuttle valve is connected to the hydraulically controlled two-position two-way via a fourth damping element 914
  • the control port 923 of the valve
  • the spool of the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve moves to the limit a position such that hydraulic oil of the relief valve of the one-way relief valve that is opened through the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way relief valve passes through the section of the hydraulically controlled two-position valve Flowing through the first one-way relief valve and the second one-way A one-way valve for another one-way relief valve in the relief valve.
  • the relief valve of the first one-way relief valve is opened.
  • the shuttle valve 91 guides the high pressure hydraulic oil of the first side of the actuator 11 through the fourth damping element 914 (such as a damping plug) to the control port 923 of the hydraulic two-position two-way valve, thereby making the hydraulic control two positions.
  • the spool of the two-way valve moves from the initial position to the limit position, allowing the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the overflow valve of the first one-way relief valve to flow to the second through the throttling damping of the liquid-controlled two-position two-way valve
  • the one-way valve of the one-way relief valve flows to the second side of the actuator 11.
  • the relief valve of the second one-way relief valve is opened.
  • the shuttle valve 91 guides the high pressure hydraulic oil of the second side of the actuator 11 through the fourth damping element 914 (such as a damping plug) to the control port 923 of the hydraulic two-position two-way valve, thereby making the hydraulic control two positions.
  • the spool of the two-way valve moves from the initial position to the limit position, allowing the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the overflow valve of the second one-way relief valve to flow to the first through the throttle damping of the hydraulic two-position two-way valve
  • the one-way valve of the one-way relief valve flows to the first side of the actuator 11.
  • the relief valve of the second one-way relief valve is closed, and the hydraulically controlled 2/2-way valve 69 is restored from the extreme position to the initial position. .
  • the actuator 11 may be a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic control circuit is a swing control circuit.

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Abstract

一种液压控制回路,包括,执行元件(1)和与该执行元件(1)并联的缓冲回路(100),该缓冲回路(100)包括溢流阀(51、52;81、82)和与该溢流阀(51、52;81、82)串联连接的缓冲控制阀(60、90、92),在所述溢流阀(51、52;81、82)不接通时,所述缓冲控制阀(60、90、92)的阀芯处于初始位置,该缓冲控制阀(60、90、92)的阀口打开,在所述溢流阀(51、52;81、82)接通且所述缓冲控制阀(60、90、92)的阀芯处于极限置时,该缓冲控制阀(60、90、92)的阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面积且不完全关闭,从而仍然保持有合适的缓冲作用。

Description

液压控制回路
技术领域
本发明涉及液压控制领域, 具体地, 涉及一种具有缓冲回路的液压控 制回路。 背景技术
在液压传动系统中, 图 1和图 2是一种传统的液压控制回路。 如图 1 和图 2所示, 该液压控制回路包括方向控制阀 10和与该方向控制阀 10相 连的执行元件 11 (如液压马达), 所述方向控制阀 10包括具有旁通入口 P' 和旁通出口 T'的旁通节流回路, 其中, 旁通入口 P'与进油口 P相通 (即液 压泵的工作液压油能够供应给方向控制阀 10的进油口 P和旁通入口 P' ), 旁通出口 T'与油箱相通,所述旁通节流回路的通流截面随方向控制阀 10的 开度而改变。
图 1 所示为所述液压控制回路在方向控制阀 10处于中位时的工作状 态, 在该状态下, 方向控制阀 10的工作油口 (A口和 B口)、 进油口 P和 回油口 T均截止, 而旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'接通, 旁通节流回路 (基本 上) 不对流经旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'的油液产生节流作用。 此时, 执行 元件 11不动作, 来自于液压泵 (未显示) 的液压油通过旁通入口 P'和旁通 出口 T'流回油箱。
当例如方向控制阀 10从图 1所示的中位移动到图 2所示的左位时, 方 向控制阀 10的开度逐渐增大,进油口 P与 A口相通,B口与回油口 T相通, 同时旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'所形成的旁通节流回路的通流截面逐渐减 小。 此时, 来自于液压泵的液压油的大部分依次流经进油口 P、 A口, 经过 执行元件 11并对该执行元件做功后, 再从 B口经过回油口 T而流回油箱。 而来自于液压泵的液压油小部分流经旁通入口 P'和旁通出口 T'经过节流作 用后流回油箱。
然而,这种液压控制回路的缺陷在于,在执行元件 11的工作过程中(尤 其是执行元件 11启动和制动时),执行元件 11所承受的负载经常是变化的, 而且在某些场合 (如执行元件 11突然遇到较大的阻力) 该负载会出现突然 或急剧的变化, 从而导致执行元件 11某一侧的液压油的压力急剧变化 (如 升高)。 这会给系统稳定性和可靠性产生严重的不利影响。
因此, 针对液压控制回路中系统负载突然变化的情况, 为了缓冲液压 控制回路中液压油的压力变化, 以避免对液压系统的不利影响, 目前已经 开发了一种包括缓冲回路的液压控制回路。
例如, 图 3所示为传统的液压控制回路中的缓冲回路部分。 如图 3所 示, 所述缓冲回路 100'包括: 第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52, 该第一溢流 阀 51的入口连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第一侧, 所述第二溢流阀 52的 入口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第二侧; 第一单向阀 61和第二单向阀 62, 该第一单向阀 61 的出口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第一侧, 所述 第二单向阀 62的出口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第二侧, 所述第一单 向阀 61和第二单向阀 62的入口彼此相通; 和缓冲控制阀 60', 该缓冲控制 阀 60'的入口连接于所述第一溢流阀 51的出口和第二溢流阀 52的出口, 所 述缓冲控制阀 60'的出口连接于所述第一单向阀 61的入口和第二单向阀 62 的入口之间的管路上。
当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时,第一溢流阀 51 接通, 从而允许该第一侧的液压油流向缓冲控制阀 60'的入口, 此时缓冲控 制阀 60'处于中位, 缓冲控制阀 60'是连通的。 然后, 该液压油在该缓冲控 制阀 60'的控制下再从缓冲控制阀 60'的出口流出, 经过对应的单向阀 (即 第二单向阀 62)而流向执行元件 11的第二侧并流回油箱, 这样一部分液压 油通过缓冲回路 100'流回油箱, 避免其全部供给执行元件 11, 从而起到缓 冲作用。 同时, 执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油作用为控制油推动缓冲控制 阀 60'的阀芯向左移动, 流经缓冲控制阀 60'的液压油逐渐减少, 当阀芯移 到左位时, 缓冲控制阀 60'截至, 液压油无法继续流回油箱。 另外, 当第一 侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 则第一溢流阀 51关闭, 从而不再 允许执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油通过缓冲回路 100'流向执行元件 11的 当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时 (此时, 第二侧 为高压侧), 则相应地第二溢流阀 52接通, 从而允许该第二侧的液压油通 过缓冲控制阀 60'而流向第一侧。而当第二侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值 以下时, 第二溢流阀 52关闭。 该过程与上述执行元件 11 的第一侧的液压 油的压力超过预定值的情形类似, 因此不再详细描述。
虽然这种传统的液压控制回路中的缓冲回路能够在一定程度上起到缓 冲, 但是在运行过程中, 其缺陷在于, 当缓冲控制阀 60'的阀芯在中位时, 缓冲控制阀 60'的阀口开度很大, 允许高压液压油快速通过, 而当缓冲控制 阀 60'的阀芯在作为极限位置的左位或者右位时, 则缓冲控制阀 60'的阀口 完全关闭, 不能继续起到缓冲功能。 因此, 传统的缓冲回路的减缓冲击的 效果较为有限。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有较好的减缓冲击效果的液压控制回路。 为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种液压控制回路, 该液压控制回路 包括执行元件和与该执行元件并联的缓冲回路, 该缓冲回路包括溢流阀和 与该溢流阀串联连接的缓冲控制阀, 在所述溢流阀不接通时, 所述缓冲控 制阀的阀芯处于初始位置, 该缓冲控制阀的阀口打开, 其特征在于, 在所 述溢流阀接通且所述缓冲控制阀的阀芯处于极限位置时, 该缓冲控制阀的 阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面积且不完全关闭。 优选地, 所述溢流阀包括第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀, 该第一溢流阀的 入口连接于所述执行元件的第一侧, 所述第二溢流阀的入口连接于所述执 行元件的第二侧; 所述缓冲控制阀分别与所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀串 联连接并直接或间接地连接到所述执行元件的第一侧和第二侧。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀具有第一入口、 第二入口以及所述出口, 所 述第一溢流阀的出口与所述缓冲控制阀的第一入口连接, 所述第二溢流阀 的出口与所述缓冲控制阀的第二入口连接, 其中, 在所述第一溢流阀和第 二溢流阀均未接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述第一入 口、 第二入口和出口接通; 在所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀中的一个接通 时, 所述缓冲控制阀的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一 溢流阀和第二溢流阀中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述出口。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀包括: 缓冲阀体, 该缓冲阀体具有空腔以及 与该空腔相通的所述第一入口、 第二入口以及出口; 作为所述缓冲控制阀 的阀芯的滑芯, 该滑芯具有第一端部、 第二端部和连接该第一端部和第二 端部的连接部, 所述滑芯可移动地设置在所述空腔中并在该空腔中限定有 位于所述第一端部和第二端部朝向彼此的侧面之间且围绕所述连接部的通 流腔, 该通流腔与所述出口相通, 所述第一入口通过设置在所述第一端部 朝向第二端部的侧面上的第一节流槽而与所述流通腔连通, 所述第二入口 能够通过设置在所述第二端部朝向第一端部的侧面上的第二节流槽而与所 述流通腔连通, 并且所述滑芯的行程 L2小于所述第一节流槽和第二节流槽 沿所述滑芯纵向方向的长度 L1。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀为液控换向阀, 所述空腔还被所述滑芯分隔 为与所述第一端部相邻的第一控制腔和与所述第二端部相邻的第二控制 腔, 所述第一控制腔通过第一阻尼元件连接于所述执行元件的所述第一侧, 所述第二控制腔通过第二阻尼元件连接于所述执行元件的所述第二侧。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀包括液控二位三通阀, 该液控二位三通阀具 有第一入口、 第二入口、 控制口和出口, 所述液控二位三通阀的第一入口 连接于所述第一溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位三通阀的第二入口连接于所 述第二溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位三通阀的出口直接或间接地连接到执 行元件的第一侧和第二侧; 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀, 该梭阀具有第 一入口、 第二入口和出口, 所述梭阀的第一入口连接于所述执行元件的所 述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口连接于所述执行元件的所述第二侧, 所述 梭阀的出口通过第三阻尼元件而连接于所述液控二位三通阀的所述控制 口, 其中, 在所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀均不接通时, 所述液控二位三 通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位三通阀的所述第一入口、 第二入 口和出口接通; 在所述第一溢流阀和第二溢流阀中的一个接通时, 所述液 控二位三通阀的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一溢流阀和第二 溢流阀中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述液控二位三通阀的出 □。
优选地, 所述缓冲回路还包括第一单向阀和第二单向阀, 该第一单向 阀的出口连接于所述执行元件的所述第一侧, 所述第二单向阀的出口连接 于所述执行元件的所述第二侧, 所述第一单向阀和第二单向阀的入口彼此 相通; 所述缓冲控制阀的出口连接于所述第一单向阀的入口和第二单向阀 的入口之间的管路上。
优选地, 所述第一溢流阀和为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢流阀 的第一单向溢流阀, 所述第二溢流阀为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢 流阀的第二单向溢流阀, 所述缓冲控制阀连接在该第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀之间。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀为液控三位二通阀, 该液控三位二通阀具有 第一工作口和第二工作口以及第一控制口和第二控制口, 所述液控三位二 通阀的所述第一工作口连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位 二通阀的第二工作口连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位二 通阀的第一控制口和第二控制口分别连接到所述执行元件的第一侧和第二 侧; 其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述三位二通阀的 所述第一工作口和第二工作口接通; 在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢 流阀中的一个单向溢流阀的溢流阀接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯移 动到对应的极限位置, 从而使通过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀 中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压油经过所述液控三位二通阀的节流而 流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向 阀。
优选地, 所述缓冲控制阀包括液控二位二通阀, 该液控二位二通阀具 有第一工作口、 第二工作口和控制口, 所述液控二位二通阀的第一工作口 连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位二通阀的第二工作口连 接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口; 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀, 该梭阀 具有第一入口、 第二入口和出口, 所述梭阀的第一入口连接于所述执行元 件的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口连接于所述执行元件的所述第二侧, 所述梭阀的出口通过第四阻尼元件而连接于所述液控二位二通阀的所述控 制口, 其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀 均不接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位二 通阀的所述第一工作口和第二工作口接通; 在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀中的任一个单向溢流阀的溢流阀接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀 的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使通过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流 阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压油经过所述液控二位二通阀的节流 而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单 向阀。
优选地, 所述执行元件为液压马达, 该液压控制回路为回转控制回路。 通过上述技术方案, 如果系统负载突然变化(尤其是在启动或制动时) 而导致液压控制回路的执行元件的进油路中液压油的压力的突然变化, 则 通过包括溢流阀和缓冲控制阀的缓冲回路, 该压力过高的液压油能够受控 制地引导到压力较低的回油路中, 从而实现对液压控制回路中液压油变化 的缓冲。 在缓冲回路接通后, 缓冲控制阀的阀芯会随着缓冲过程的进行移 动。
在传统的液压控制回路中的缓冲回路中, 当缓冲控制阀的阀芯到达极 限位置时, 该缓冲控制阀的阀口完全关闭, 从而结束缓冲作用。 而在本发 明所提供的技术方案中, 更为重要的是, 即便缓冲控制阀的阀芯移动到极 限位置, 该缓冲控制阀的阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面积且不 完全关闭, 从而仍然允许液压油从压力相对较高的进油路流向压力相对较 低的回油路, 以仍然保持有合适的缓冲作用, 因而具有相对于传统的缓冲 回路具有更好的缓冲效果。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1和图 2是传统的液压控制回路的示意图;
图 3为传统的液压控制回路的示意图;
图 4为根据本发明一种实施方式的液压控制回路的示意图;
图 5为图 4中的缓冲控制阀的示意图;
图 6为图 5中缓冲控制阀的一种具体结构的示意图;
图 7为根据本发明另一种实施方式的液压控制回路的示意图; 图 8为图 7中缓冲控制阀的示意图; 图 9和图 10分别为根据本发明不同实施方式的液压控制回路的示意
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发 明。
如图 4所示, 本发明所提供的液压控制回路包括执行元件 11。 此外, 上述液压控制回路还可包括方向控制阀 10 (如图 1和图 2所示)、 油箱(未 显示) 和液压泵 (未显示), 所述液压泵与所述油箱连接并通过所述方向控 制阀 10而与所述执行元件 11连接。
根据本发明的技术方案, 在上述液压控制回路中, 还设计有与执行元 件 11并联的缓冲回路 100, 如图 4、 图 7、 图 9和图 10所示。 具体来说, 该缓冲回路 100包括溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82和与该溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82 串联连接的缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92, 所述液压控制回路的执行元件 11的进 油路通过所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82和缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92而与所述 液压控制回路的执行元件 11的回油路连接, 从而实现缓冲回路 100与执行 元件 11 的并联, 在所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82不接通时, 所述缓冲控制 阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处于初始位置, 该缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀口打 开, 其中, 在所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82接通且所述缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处于极限位置时, 该缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀口的通流面积小 于阀口打开时的通流面积且不完全关闭。
当执行元件 11正常工作时, 在液压控制回路中, 系统液压油从执行元 件 11的进油路进入执行元件 11中, 驱动执行元件 11做功后, 再从执行元 件 11 的回油路流回油箱。 因此, 通常在运行过程中, 执行元件 11 的进油 路中液压油的压力相对较高, 而执行元件 11的回油路中液压油的压力相对 较低。 当系统负载突然变化时 (例如, 系统启动或制动时, 或者执行元件
11的载荷突然增大时), 执行元件 11的进油路中液压油的压力也会发生突 然增大。 在这种情况下, 如果进油路中液压油的压力超过预定的压力, 则 缓冲回路中的溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82会从截至状态转变为接通状态, 进而 通过与该溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82连接的缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92而受控制 地流到执行元件 11的回油路中, 从而起到缓冲冲击的作用。
与传统的液压控制回路不同的是, 在本发明所提供的技术方案中, 当 执行元件 11的进油路中液压油的压力超过预定压力时,所述溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82接通, 从而允许进油路中压力过高的液压油通过接通的溢流阀流到 缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92, 由于此时缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处于阀口 打开的初始位置, 因而能够迅速流向执行元件 11的回油路。 同时, 所述缓 冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯从初始位置向极限位置移动, 从而对流经缓冲 控制阀的液压油进行控制。 当缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯处于极限位置 时, 该缓冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀口的通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面 积且不完全关闭。 因此, 只要溢流阀 51、 52; 81、 82没有截至, 即便是缓 冲控制阀 60、 90、 92的阀芯到达极限位置, 执行元件 11 的进油路中压力 过大的液压油仍然能够通过该缓冲回路而流到压力相对较小的回油路中, 从而获得更好的缓冲效果。
执行元件 11可以为多种执行元件, 例如各种活塞缸或液压马达等。 针 对不同的执行元件, 执行元件 11的进油路与回油路有所不同。
例如, 对于单作用活塞缸的执行元件来说, 单作用活塞缸的进油路和 回油路通常是不变的。 也就是说, 单作用活塞缸与液压泵相连的油路通常 为进油路, 而与油缸相连的油路通常为回油路。
但是, 对于其他类型的执行元件来说, 执行元件的进油路和回油路则 是可以相互转换的, 例如双作用活塞缸或能够在两个旋转方向上驱动的液 压马达。 例如, 在本说明书的图 4、 图 7、 图 9和图 10中, 执行元件 11为 液压马达, 其中 A侧可以为进油路, 则 B侧为回油路; 或者 B侧可以为进 油路, 而 A侧为回油路。
虽然本发明说明书附图中主要以液压马达为例加以描述说明, 但本发 明的技术方案对上述各种执行元件的应用场合均可适用。
由于双作用液压缸和液压马达的应用场合更为广泛, 因此, 在优选情 况下, 当所述执行元件 11的第一侧 (A侧) 的液压油的压力超过预定压力 值时, 该缓冲回路 100 能够允许该第一侧的液压油受控制地流向所述执行 元件 11的第二侧 (B侧)。 这里所说的执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧仅用 于区别执行元件 11 的两侧, 其中第一侧可以指执行元件 11 的任意一侧, 而第二侧则是指执行元件 11的与所述第一侧相对的另一侧。 换句话说, 第 一侧为进油路的进油侧时, 则第二侧为回油路的回油侧; 第一侧为回油路 的回油侧时, 第二侧为进油路的进油侧。
利用该缓冲回路 100,当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力过大时, 即超过预定压力值时, 则为了缓冲该较大的液压油的压力, 允许该第一侧 的液压油受控制地流向执行元件 11 的另一侧 (即第二侧), 从而起到缓冲 较高压力的作用, 避免对液压控制回路的安全运行造成损害。 同时, 所谓 的 "受控制地"的含义为缓冲回路并不能总是保持执行元件 11的第一侧与 第二侧的相连通, 而是在执行元件 11某侧压力超过预定压力值时, 缓冲回 路允许执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧相连通, 从而使部分液压油通过缓冲 回路 100在第一侧和第二侧之间流动, 而使较高压力下降到预定值后, 再 将执行元件 11 的第一侧和第二侧断开, 从而使执行元件 11具有足够的驱 动负载能力。
因此, 利用本发明所提供的技术方案, 如果由于系统负载的突然变化 而导致执行元件 11某一侧的液压油的压力的突然变化,则通过缓冲回路 100 能够将执行元件 11 的压力较高一侧的液压油可控制地引导到压力较低一 侧, 从而实现对液压控制回路中液压油压力变化的缓冲。 如上所述, 传统的液压控制回路的缓冲回路 100'中的缓冲控制阀 60' 在阀芯处于极限位置时阀口完全关闭。 而在本发明所提供的技术方案中, 即便缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯移动到极限位置, 缓冲控制阀 60的阀口不是完 全关闭, 而是保留有预定的通流截面, 从而仍然允许液压油从压力相对较 高的一侧流向压力相对较低的一侧, 以仍然保持有合适的缓冲作用, 因此 在运动过程中也能对压力峰值起到过滤作用, 具有相对于传统的缓冲回路 更好的缓冲效果。
缓冲回路 100可以通过多种方式来实现。 在本发明中, 提供了多种缓 冲回路 100 的优选的实施方式。 下面将结合附图分别就各种缓冲回路 100 的优选的实施方式进行描述。
优选地, 为了更好地控制流经该缓冲回路 100的液压油, 如图 4、 图 7 所示, 所述缓冲回路 100包括: 第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52, 该第一溢 流阀 51的入口连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第一侧, 所述第二溢流阀 52 的入口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第二侧; 所述缓冲控制阀 60分别与 所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52串联连接, 并且直接或间接地连接到 执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧。
为了适应于执行元件 11在两个方向运行的状况, 所述溢流阀包括第一 溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52, 并且分别连接于执行元件 11的第一侧和第二 侧, 从而当执行元件 11的作为进油路的任一侧中液压油的压力超过预定压 力时, 对应的溢流阀打开 (第一侧的液压油压力超过预定压力时, 第一溢 流阀 51打开; 第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 第二溢流阀 52打 开), 然后压力过大的液压油再通过缓冲控制阀 60而流到作为回油路的另 一侧中, 从而起到减缓冲击的作用。
如上所述, 当缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯到达极限位置时, 仍然允许液压油 以相对小的流量流过, 从而获得更好的缓冲效果。
缓冲控制阀 60可以具有多种形式。 例如, 缓冲控制阀 60可以为电控 方向控制阀、 液控方向控制阀或手动方向控制阀。
优选地, 如图 4和图 5所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60具有第一入口 601、 第二入口 602以及所述出口 603, 所述第一溢流阀 51的出口与缓冲控制阀 60的第一入口 601连接, 所述第二溢流阀 52的出口与所述缓冲控制阀 60 的第二入口 602连接, 其中, 在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52均未 接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀 60位于初始位置, 所述第一入口 601、 第二入口 602和出口 603接通;在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52中的一个接通 时, 所述缓冲控制阀 60移动到对应的极限位置 (即图 4中缓冲控制阀 60 的阀芯移动到左位或右位), 从而使流经所述第一溢流阀 51 和第二溢流阀 52中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述出口 603。
参考图 4,图 4中所示的缓冲回路 100与图 3中缓冲回路 100'的区别主 要在于缓冲控制阀 60的原理和结构。
如上所述, 对于图 3的实施方式来说, 当例如来自于执行元件 11的第 一侧的压力超过预定压力值的液压油作用于缓冲控制阀 60'的阀芯并使阀 芯处于左位时, 缓冲控制阀 60'完全断开, 从而不再允许执行元件 11 的第 一侧的液压油流向第二侧。
然而, 对于图 4的实施方式来说, 当例如来自于执行元件 11的第一侧 的高压液压油使缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯位于右位时, 与图 3的实施方式中的 缓冲控制阀 60'完全断开不同, 在图 4的实施方式中, 缓冲控制阀 60仍然 允许流经第一溢流阀 51的液压油通过该缓冲控制阀 60,从而获得更好的缓 冲效果。 优选地, 如图 4和图 5所示, 当缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯位于左位和 右位时, 缓冲控制阀 60的第一入口 601和出口 603之间阀口以及第二入口 602和出口 603之间的阀口并未完全关闭,而是通过节流槽而允许液压油流 过对应的阀口。
按照图 4的实施方式, 由于当缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯在左位或右位的极 限位置时仍然具有通流截面, 允许液压油在节流作用下流过, 因此当执行 元件 11不但在启动和制动过程中能够缓冲执行元件 11两侧液压油的较高 压力的冲击, 还能够缓冲执行元件 11在运行过程中所产生的压力冲击, 从 而获得比传统的液压控制回路中缓冲回路更好的缓冲效果。
具体来说, 如图 4所示, 当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过 预定值时, 第一溢流阀 51接通, 从而允许该第一侧的液压油流向缓冲控制 阀 60的入口, 此时缓冲控制阀 60仍然处于初始位置, 缓冲控制阀 60是连 通的。 然后, 该液压油在该缓冲控制阀 60的控制下再从缓冲控制阀 60的 出口流出, 而流向执行元件 11的第二侧并流回油箱, 这样一部分液压油通 过缓冲回路 100流回油箱, 避免其全部供给执行元件 11, 从而起到缓冲作 用。 同时, 执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油作用为控制油推动缓冲控制阀 60 的阀芯向左移动, 流经缓冲控制阀 60的液压油逐渐减少, 当阀芯移到左位 时, 缓冲控制阀 60仍然保留有缩小的通流面积, 从而继续允许少量的液压 油流回油箱, 起到缓冲作用。 另外, 当第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预定 值以下时, 则第一溢流阀 51关闭, 从而不再允许执行元件 11 的第一侧的 液压油通过缓冲回路 100流向执行元件 11的第二侧。
当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时 (此时, 第二侧 为高压侧), 则相应地第二溢流阀 52接通, 从而允许该第二侧的液压油通 过缓冲控制阀 60而流向第一侧。 而当第二侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值 以下时, 第二溢流阀 52关闭。 该过程与上述执行元件 11 的第一侧的液压 油的压力超过预定值的情形类似, 因此不再详细描述。
用于图 4的实施方式的缓冲控制阀 60可以具有多种结构形式。优选地, 如图 5和图 6所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60包括: 缓冲阀体 200, 该缓冲阀体 200具有空腔 201以及与该空腔 201相通的所述第一入口 601、第二入口 602 以及出口 603; 作为所述缓冲控制阀 60的阀芯的滑芯 604, 该滑芯 604具 有第一端部 605、第二端部 606和连接该第一端部和第二端部的连接部 607, 所述滑芯 604可移动地设置在所述空腔 201中并在该空腔 201中限定有位 于所述第一端部 605和第二端部 606朝向彼此的侧面之间且围绕所述连接 部 607的通流腔 608, 该通流腔 608与所述出口 603相通, 所述第一入口 601通过设置在所述第一端部朝向第二端部的侧面上的第一节流槽 611而与 所述流通腔 608连通, 所述第二入口 602能够通过设置在所述第二端部朝 向第一端部的侧面上的第二节流槽 612而与所述流通腔 608连通, 并且所 述滑芯 604的行程 L2小于所述第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612沿所述滑 芯纵向方向的长度 Ll。
如图 6所示, 缓冲控制阀 60的第一入口 601通过第一节流槽 611、 流 通腔 608而与出口 603连通, 并且通过第一节流槽 611实现节流作用。 类 似地, 缓冲控制阀 60的第二入口 602通过第二节流槽 612、 流通腔 608而 与出口 603连通, 并且通过第二节流槽 612实现节流作用。
另外, 图 6所示的缓冲控制阀 60的具体结构中, 所述滑芯 604的行程 L2 (即从滑芯 604的中间位置到左位或右位的移动距离) 小于所述第一节 流槽 611和第二节流槽 612沿所述滑芯纵向方向的长度 Ll。 因此, 无论当 缓冲控制阀 60的滑芯 (即阀芯) 从中间位置移动到左位或右位时, 第一节 流槽 611和第二节流槽 612都不会被滑芯 604封闭, 而是仍然保留部分通 流截面, 从而继续允许液压油在受到节流作用下而流过该缓冲控制阀 60。 因此, 在系统运行过程中, 不但能够对压力峰值起到过滤作用, 而且通过 供应给执行元件 11较小的流量就可以建立较高的压力。
滑芯 604的行程 L2、 第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612沿所述滑芯纵 向方向的长度 L1以及 L2和 L1之间的差值通常根据具体的应用工况而设计 选择。 所述第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612分别可以具有一条或多条。 优选地, 所述第一节流槽 611和第二节流槽 612均包括多条节流槽。
此外, 应用于图 4的实施方式中的缓冲控制阀 60的结构并不限于图 6 所示的具体结构。 例如, 虽然图 6中所示的缓冲控制阀 60为液控阀, 但该 缓冲控制阀 60还也可以为电控阀或手动控制阀等, 只要能够实现缓冲控制 阀 60的上述功能即可。
优选地, 如图 4和图 6所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60为液控换向阀, 所述 空腔 201还被所述滑芯分隔为与所述第一端部 605相邻的第一控制腔 613 和与所述第二端部 606相邻的第二控制腔 614,所述第一控制腔 613通过第 一阻尼元件 615连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第一侧,所述第二控制腔 614 通过第二阻尼元件 616连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第二侧。
按照该结构, 例如当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力高于预定值 时, 一方面第一溢流阀 51会动作而接通, 同时该第一侧的高压液压油会通 过第一阻尼元件 615 (如阻尼塞)而流到第一控制腔 613中, 从而驱动滑芯 604向右滑动, 直到作用在滑芯 604上的力再次处于平衡位置。当第一侧的 液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 则滑芯 604会再恢复到中间位置。 由 此可知,利用液控换向阀的缓冲控制阀 60能够实现较为紧凑而简洁的结构, 从而提高液压系统的可靠性。
所述第一阻尼元件 615和第二阻尼元件 616可以为各种阻尼塞。
除了图 4所示的实施方式之外, 本发明还提供了多种替换方式。 例如, 如图 7和图 8所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 60可包括: 液控二位三通阀 69, 该液 控二位三通阀 69具有第一入口 621、第二入口 622、控制口 623和出口 624, 所述液控二位三通阀的第一入口 621连接于所述第一溢流阀 51的出口, 所 述液控二位三通阀的第二入口 622连接于所述第二溢流阀 52的出口, 所述 液控二位三通阀的出口 624直接或间接地连接到执行元件 11的第一侧和第 二侧; 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀 70, 该梭阀具有第一入口 701、 第二 入口 702和出口 703, 所述梭阀的第一入口 701连接于所述执行元件 11的 所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口 702连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第二 侧, 所述梭阀的出口 703通过第三阻尼元件 704而连接于所述液控二位三 通阀的所述控制口 623, 其中,在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52均不 接通时, 所述液控二位三通阀 69的阀芯位于初始位置 (图 7和图 8中所示 的右位), 在该初始位置, 所述液控二位三通阀 69的所述第一入口 621、第 二入口 622和出口 624接通; 在所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52中的 一个接通时, 所述液控二位三通阀 69的阀芯移动到极限位置 (图 7和图 8 中所示的左位), 从而使流经所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52中接通的 溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所述液控二位三通阀的出口 624。
如图 7和图 8所示, 梭阀 70向液控二位三通阀 69提供控制信号。 例如当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时, 第一溢流 阀 51接通。 同时, 梭阀 70将该高压液压油经过第三阻尼元件 704 (如阻尼 塞)引导至液控二位三通阀 69, 从而使液控二位三通阀 69的阀芯从初始位 置移动到极限位置, 允许来自于第一溢流阀 51的高压液压油经过该液控二 位三通阀 69的节流阻尼作用而流向执行元件 11的第二侧。 当执行元件 11 的第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第一溢流阀 51截止, 同时 液控二位三通阀 69从极限位置恢复到初始位置。
如上所述, 与所述第一溢流阀 51和第二溢流阀 52串联连接的所述缓 冲控制阀 60直接或间接地连接到所述执行元件 11 的第一侧和第二侧。 具 体来说, 缓冲控制阀 60的出口可以直接连接于执行元件 11 的第一侧和第 二侧,或者,优选地,所述缓冲回路还包括第一单向阀 61和第二单向阀 62, 该第一单向阀 61 的出口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第一侧, 所述第二 单向阀 62的出口连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第二侧, 所述第一单向阀 61和第二单向阀 62的入口彼此相通; 所述缓冲控制阀 60的出口连接于所 述第一单向阀 61的入口和第二单向阀 62的入口之间的管路上, 如图 4和 图 7所示。
此外, 如图 9和图 10所示, 提供了根据本发明其他实施方式的液压控 制回路, 其中所述第一溢流阀 81和为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢流 阀的第一单向溢流阀, 所述第二溢流阀 82为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀 和溢流阀的第二单向溢流阀, 所述缓冲控制阀 90, 92连接在该第一单向溢 流阀和第二单向溢流阀之间。
与图 4和图 7的实施方式中缓冲控制阀 60的出口连接于两个单向阀之 间的管路上不同, 在图 9和图 10所示的实施方式中, 由于第一溢流阀 81 和第二溢流阀 82均为集成有单向阀和溢流阀的单向溢流阀, 因此从当执行 元件 11一侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 该液压油可以从依次通过与 该侧直接连接的单向溢流阀、 缓冲控制阀 90或 92以及与另一侧直接连接 的另一单向溢流阀而流到执行元件 11的另一侧。
具体来说, 如图 9所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 90为液控三位二通阀, 该液 控三位二通阀具有第一工作口 901和第二工作口 902以及第一控制口 903 和第二控制口 904,所述液控三位二通阀的所述第一工作口 901连接于所述 第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位二通阀的第二工作口 902连接于所 述第二单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控三位二通阀的第一控制口 903 和第二 控制口 904分别连接到所述执行元件 11的第一侧和第二侧;
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述三位二通阀的 所述第一工作口 901和第二工作口 902接通;
在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的一个单向溢流阀的溢流 阀接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使通 过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的 液压油经过所述液控三位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过预定值时, 则第一单向溢 流阀的溢流阀接通, 同时第一侧的高压液压油使作为缓冲控制阀 90的液控 三位二通阀的阀芯移动到使阀口有一定通流面积的极限位置, 从而允许第 一侧的液压油依次经过第一单向溢流阀 (中的溢流阀)、 液控三位二通阀和 第二单向溢流阀中的单向阀而流到执行元件 11的第二侧, 以实现缓冲压力 的作用。 当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第 一单向溢流阀截止, 而液控三位二通阀的阀芯恢复到初始位置, 从而不再 允许第一侧的液压油流向第二侧。
当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 则第二单向 阀的溢流阀接通, 从而使作为缓冲控制阀的液控三位二通阀的阀芯移动到 极限位置, 从而允许第二侧的液压油依次经过第二单向溢流阀中的溢流阀、 液控三位二通阀和第一单向溢流阀中的单向阀而流到执行元件 11 的第一 侧, 以实现缓冲压力的作用。 当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力降低 到预定值以下时, 第二单向溢流阀截止, 而液控三位二通阀的阀芯恢复到 初始位置, 从而不再允许第二侧的液压油流向第一侧。
另外, 如图 10所示, 所述缓冲控制阀 92包括液控二位二通阀, 该液 控二位二通阀具有第一工作口 921、 第二工作口 922和控制口 923, 所述液 控二位二通阀的第一工作口 921 连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述 液控二位二通阀的第二入口 922连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口;
所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀 91, 该梭阀具有第一工作口 911、 第二 入口 912和出口 913, 所述梭阀的第一工作口 911连接于所述执行元件 11 的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口 912连接于所述执行元件 11的所述第 二侧, 所述梭阀的出口 913通过第四阻尼元件 914而连接于所述液控二位 二通阀的所述控制口 923,
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位二通 阀的所述第一工作口 921和第二工作口 922接通;
在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的任一个单向溢流阀的溢 流阀接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使通过所 述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压 油经过所述液控二位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向 溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力超过预定压力时, 第一单向溢 流阀的溢流阀接通。 同时, 梭阀 91将执行元件 11 的第一侧的高压液压油 经过第四阻尼元件 914 (如阻尼塞) 引导至液控二位二通阀的所述控制口 923, 从而使液控二位二通阀的阀芯从初始位置移动到极限位置, 允许来自 于第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀的高压液压油经过该液控二位二通阀的节流阻 尼作用而流向第二单向溢流阀的单向阀, 进而流到执行元件 11的第二侧。 当执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第一单向溢 流阀的溢流阀截止,同时液控二位二通阀 69从极限位置再恢复到初始位置。
当执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油超过预定压力时, 第二单向溢流阀的 溢流阀接通。 同时, 梭阀 91将执行元件 11 的第二侧的高压液压油经过第 四阻尼元件 914 (如阻尼塞) 引导至液控二位二通阀的所述控制口 923, 从 而使液控二位二通阀的阀芯从初始位置移动到极限位置, 允许来自于第二 单向溢流阀的溢流阀的高压液压油经过该液控二位二通阀的节流阻尼作用 而流向第一单向溢流阀的单向阀, 进而流到执行元件 11的第一侧。 当执行 元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力降低到预定值以下时, 第二单向溢流阀的 溢流阀截止, 同时液控二位二通阀 69从极限位置再恢复到初始位置。
在上述图 4、 图 7、 图 9和图 10所示的实施例中, 回转运动过程中, 图 4的缓冲控制阀 60、 图 7的液控二位三通阀 69、 图 9的液控方向控制阀 90、 图 10的液控方向控制阀 92的阀芯处于极限位置时阀口仍有一定通流 面积, 因此各溢流阀在运动过程中也能对压力峰值起到过滤作用, 但此面 积很小, 通过较小的流量便可以建立较高的压力, 因此对系统建压能力和 正常负载下的运动速度影响不大。
在本申请的说明书中, 虽然大都是以执行元件 11的第一侧的液压油的 压力超过预定值为例来描述的, 但是本领域技术人员应该理解的是, 对于 执行元件 11的第二侧的液压油的压力超过预定值的情形, 也适用同样的原 理并能够实现同样的有益的技术效果。 因此, 这里不再对执行元件 11的第 二侧的液压油的压力超过预定值的情形进行详细描述。
如上所述, 优选地, 所述执行元件 11可以为液压马达, 该液压控制回 路为回转控制回路。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。
另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合, 而不限于权 利要求书中各项权利要求之间的引用关系。
此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要 其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种液压控制回路, 该液压控制回路包括执行元件 (11 ) 和与该执 行元件(11 )并联的缓冲回路(100), 该缓冲回路(100)包括溢流阀 (51、 52; 81、 82)和与该溢流阀 (51、 52; 81、 82) 串联连接的缓冲控制阀(60、 90、 92), 在所述溢流阀(51、 52; 81、 82)不接通时, 所述缓冲控制阀(60、 90、 92) 的阀芯处于初始位置, 该缓冲控制阀 (60、 90、 92) 的阀口打开, 其特征在于, 在所述溢流阀(51、 52; 81、 82)接通且所述缓冲控制阀(60、 90、 92) 的阀芯处于极限位置时, 该缓冲控制阀 (60、 90、 92) 的阀口的 通流面积小于阀口打开时的通流面积且不完全关闭。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述溢流阀包 括第一溢流阀 (51 ) 和第二溢流阀 (52), 该第一溢流阀 (51 ) 的入口连接 于所述执行元件 (11 ) 的第一侧, 所述第二溢流阀 (52) 的入口连接于所 述执行元件 (11 ) 的第二侧; 所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 分别与所述第一溢流 阀 (51 ) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 串联连接并直接或间接地连接到所述执行元 件 (11 ) 的第一侧和第二侧。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控制 阀 (60) 具有第一入口 (601 )、 第二入口 (602) 以及所述出口 (603 ), 所 述第一溢流阀 (51 ) 的出口与所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的第一入口 (601 ) 连 接,所述第二溢流阀(52)的出口与所述缓冲控制阀(60)的第二入口(602) 连接,
其中, 在所述第一溢流阀 (51 ) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 均未接通时, 所 述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述第一入口 (601 )、 第二入 口 (602) 和出口 (603 ) 接通;
在所述第一溢流阀 (51 ) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中的一个接通时, 所述 缓冲控制阀 (60) 的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一溢 流阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向 所述出口 (603)。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控制 阀 (60) 包括:
缓冲阀体 (200), 该缓冲阀体 (200) 具有空腔 (201) 以及与该空腔 (201) 相通的所述第一入口 (601)、 第二入口 (602) 以及出口 (603); 作为所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的阀芯的滑芯 (604), 该滑芯 (604) 具有 第一端部 (605)、 第二端部 (606) 和连接该第一端部和第二端部的连接部 (607), 所述滑芯 (604) 可移动地设置在所述空腔 (201) 中并在该空腔 (201) 中限定有位于所述第一端部 (605) 和第二端部 (606) 朝向彼此的 侧面之间且围绕所述连接部 (607) 的通流腔 (608), 该通流腔 (608) 与 所述出口 (603) 相通, 所述第一入口 (601) 通过设置在所述第一端部朝 向第二端部的侧面上的第一节流槽 (611) 而与所述流通腔 (608) 连通, 所述第二入口 (602) 能够通过设置在所述第二端部朝向第一端部的侧面上 的第二节流槽 (612) 而与所述流通腔 (608) 连通, 并且所述滑芯 (604) 的行程 (L2) 小于所述第一节流槽 (611) 和第二节流槽 (612) 沿所述滑 芯纵向方向的长度 (Ll)。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控制 阀 (60) 为液控换向阀, 所述空腔 (201) 还被所述滑芯分隔为与所述第一 端部 (605) 相邻的第一控制腔 (613) 和与所述第二端部 (606) 相邻的第 二控制腔 (614), 所述第一控制腔 (613) 通过第一阻尼元件 (615) 连接 于所述执行元件 (11) 的所述第一侧, 所述第二控制腔 (614) 通过第二阻 尼元件 (616) 连接于所述执行元件 (11) 的所述第二侧。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控制 阀 (60) 包括液控二位三通阀 (69), 该液控二位三通阀 (69) 具有第一入 口 (621)、 第二入口 (622)、 控制口 (623) 和出口 (624), 所述液控二位 三通阀的第一入口 (621) 连接于所述第一溢流阀 (51) 的出口, 所述液控 二位三通阀的第二入口 (622) 连接于所述第二溢流阀 (52) 的出口, 所述 液控二位三通阀的出口 (624) 直接或间接地连接到执行元件 (11) 的第一 所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀(70),该梭阀(70)具有第一入口(701)、 第二入口 (702) 和出口 (703), 所述梭阀的第一入口 (701) 连接于所述 执行元件 (11) 的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口 (702) 连接于所述执 行元件( 11 )的所述第二侧,所述梭阀的出口(703)通过第三阻尼元件(704) 而连接于所述液控二位三通阀的所述控制口 (623),
其中, 在所述第一溢流阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 均不接通时, 所 述液控二位三通阀 (69) 的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位三通阀 (69) 的所述第一入口 (621)、 第二入口 (622) 和出口 (624) 接通;
在所述第一溢流阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中的一个接通时, 所述 液控二位三通阀 (69) 的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使流经所述第一溢流 阀 (51) 和第二溢流阀 (52) 中接通的溢流阀的液压油经过节流而流向所 述液控二位三通阀的出口 (624)。
7. 根据权利要求 2-6中任意一项所述的液压控制回路, 其中, 所述缓 冲回路还包括第一单向阀 (61) 和第二单向阀 (62), 该第一单向阀 (61) 的出口连接于所述执行元件 (11) 的所述第一侧, 所述第二单向阀 (62) 的出口连接于所述执行元件 (11) 的所述第二侧, 所述第一单向阀 (61) 和第二单向阀 (62) 的入口彼此相通; 所述缓冲控制阀 (60) 的出口连接 于所述第一单向阀 (61 ) 的入口和第二单向阀 (62) 的入口之间的管路上。
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的液压控制回路, 其中, 所述第一溢流阀(81 ) 为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢流阀的第一单向溢流阀, 所述第二溢 流阀 (82) 为集成有打开方向相反的单向阀和溢流阀的第二单向溢流阀, 所述缓冲控制阀 (90, 92) 连接在该第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀之 间。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的液压控制回路, 其中, 所述缓冲控制阀(90) 为液控三位二通阀, 该液控三位二通阀具有第一工作口 (901 ) 和第二工作 口 (902) 以及第一控制口 (903 ) 和第二控制口 (904), 所述液控三位二 通阀的所述第一工作口 (901 ) 连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液 控三位二通阀的第二工作口 (902)连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口, 所 述液控三位二通阀的第一控制口 (903 ) 和第二控制口 (904) 分别连接到 所述执行元件 (11 ) 的第一侧和第二侧;
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述三位二通阀的 所述第一工作口 (901 ) 和第二工作口 (902) 接通;
在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的一个单向溢流阀的溢流 阀接通时, 所述液控三位二通阀的阀芯移动到对应的极限位置, 从而使通 过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的 液压油经过所述液控三位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二 单向溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
10. 根据权利要求 8所述的液压控制回路, 其特征在于, 所述缓冲控 制阀(92)包括液控二位二通阀,该液控二位二通阀具有第一工作口(921 )、 第二工作口(922)和控制口(923 ),所述液控二位二通阀的第一工作口(921 ) 连接于所述第一单向溢流阀的出口, 所述液控二位二通阀的第二工作口 (922) 连接于所述第二单向溢流阀的出口;
所述液压控制回路还包括梭阀 (91 ), 该梭阀具有第一入口 (911 )、 第 二入口 (912) 和出口 (913 ), 所述梭阀的第一入口 (911 ) 连接于所述执 行元件 (11 ) 的所述第一侧, 所述梭阀的第二入口 (912) 连接于所述执行 元件(11 )的所述第二侧, 所述梭阀的出口(913 )通过第四阻尼元件(914) 而连接于所述液控二位二通阀的所述控制口 (923 ),
其中, 在所述第一单向溢流阀的溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀的溢流阀均 不接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯位于初始位置, 所述液控二位二通 阀的所述第一入口 (921 ) 和第二入口 (922) 接通;
在所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中的任一个单向溢流阀的溢 流阀接通时, 所述液控二位二通阀的阀芯移动到极限位置, 从而使通过所 述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向溢流阀中接通的单向溢流阀的溢流阀的液压 油经过所述液控二位二通阀的节流而流过所述第一单向溢流阀和第二单向 溢流阀中的另一个单向溢流阀的单向阀。
11. 根据权利要求 1-6和 8-10中任意一项所述的液压控制回路, 所述 执行元件 (11 ) 为液压马达, 该液压控制回路为回转控制回路。
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