WO2013001646A1 - 車両用補助電源装置 - Google Patents
車両用補助電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013001646A1 WO2013001646A1 PCT/JP2011/065094 JP2011065094W WO2013001646A1 WO 2013001646 A1 WO2013001646 A1 WO 2013001646A1 JP 2011065094 W JP2011065094 W JP 2011065094W WO 2013001646 A1 WO2013001646 A1 WO 2013001646A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
- B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
- B60L9/22—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines polyphase motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
- B60L9/24—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines
- B60L9/28—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines polyphase motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an auxiliary power supply device for a vehicle that supplies desired power to, for example, an air conditioner and a lighting device for a railway vehicle.
- a blocking diode is inserted between the pantograph and a filter capacitor for smoothing the voltage applied from the overhead line via the pantograph, and a snubber circuit is provided in parallel with the blocking diode.
- the structure provided is common (for example, refer to the following nonpatent literature 1).
- the blocking diode cooling cooler and the blocking diode protection snubber circuit provided in association with the blocking diode inserted between the pantograph and the filter capacitor are: Despite the relatively small size of the blocking diode, it has been forced to increase its size. For this reason, there has been a great demand for downsizing of the cooler and the snubber circuit provided in association with the blocking diode while maintaining the function as the auxiliary power supply device for vehicles.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary power supply device for a vehicle that can further reduce the size of a cooler and a snubber circuit provided in association with a blocking diode.
- an auxiliary power supply for a vehicle is mounted on a railway vehicle, converts DC power or AC power input from an overhead line into desired AC power, and loads it.
- An auxiliary power device for a vehicle that is connected in parallel with an inverter device that drives a propulsion motor, between the overhead wire and the inverter circuit, from the inverter circuit side.
- a blocking diode for preventing backflow to the overhead line side is provided, and this blocking diode is a Schottky barrier diode formed of a wideband semiconductor.
- the cooler and the snubber circuit provided in association with the blocking diode can be reduced in size.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a main circuit configuration in a railway vehicle according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an operation state in a normal state in the circuit configuration illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an operation state when there is no blocking diode from the configuration of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an operation state when there is a blocking diode contrary to FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram for explaining the recovery operation of the blocking diode in the prior art.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart for explaining the recovery operation of the blocking diode in the prior art.
- FIG. 7 is a simplified circuit diagram for explaining the recovery operation when the Si diode is used as a blocking diode.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a main circuit configuration in a railway vehicle according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an operation state in a normal state in the circuit configuration illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing a detailed operation state of the recovery operation when the Si diode is used as a blocking diode.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an operation when a ground fault occurs in the DC bus on the other device side connected in parallel to the SIV.
- FIG. 10 is a time chart for explaining the operation when a ground fault as shown in FIG. 9 occurs.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram for explaining the effect of the snubber circuit.
- FIG. 12 is a time chart for explaining the effect of the snubber circuit.
- FIG. 13 is a simplified circuit diagram for explaining a recovery operation when a SiC Schottky barrier diode is used as a blocking diode.
- FIG. 14 is a time chart showing a detailed operation state of the recovery operation when the SiC Schottky barrier diode is used as a blocking diode.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a main circuit configuration in a railway vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the main circuit in the railway vehicle has a configuration having two main circuits.
- One of the main circuits is DC power (for example, DC750 (V), DC1500 (V), etc.) supplied from the overhead line 1 via the pantograph 2 installed on the roof of a railway vehicle (hereinafter simply referred to as “vehicle”).
- DC power for example, DC750 (V), DC1500 (V), etc.
- VVVF Variable Voltage Variable Frequency inverter device
- load in-vehicle electrical equipment other than the propulsion motor 7
- SIV vehicle auxiliary power supply
- SIV5 is connected to both ends (DC side terminals) of a three-phase inverter circuit INV1 and a three-phase inverter circuit INV1 in which a plurality (three in the example of FIG. 1) of a pair of upper and lower arms (switching elements) connected in series are connected in parallel.
- a filter capacitor FC1 connected in parallel and a transformer Tr connected to the AC terminal of the three-phase inverter circuit INV1 are configured, and the output of the transformer Tr is supplied to the load 10.
- SIV5 is a switch SW1 for electrically disconnecting the overhead line 1 from the main circuit, and is connected in series to the switch SW1 and is connected to the filter capacitor FC1 and the filter reactor FL1, SIV5 side for smoothing the input voltage to the three-phase inverter circuit INV1.
- the snubber circuit 9 has a snubber capacitor Cs, a snubber resistor Rs connected in series to the snubber capacitor Cs, and a discharge resistor Rc for discharging the electric charge of the snubber capacitor Cs, and includes a series circuit of the snubber capacitor Cs and the snubber resistor Rs, and Each of the discharge resistors Rc is connected in parallel to both ends of the blocking diode BD1.
- VVVF4 is similar to SIV5, and is connected to both ends of a three-phase inverter circuit INV2 and a three-phase inverter circuit INV2 in which a plurality (three in the example of FIG. 1) of a pair of upper and lower arms (switching elements) connected in series are connected in parallel.
- a filter capacitor FC2 connected in parallel to the (DC side terminal), a switch SW2 for electrically disconnecting the overhead line 1 and the three-phase inverter circuit INV2, and a three-phase inverter circuit together with the filter capacitor FC2 connected in series to the switch SW2.
- the propulsion motor 7 is driven by supplying the output of the three-phase inverter circuit INV2 to the propulsion motor 7 and having a filter reactor FL2 that smoothes the input voltage to the INV2.
- FIG. 1 an application example of a DC overhead wire to an electric vehicle is shown, but also in an AC overhead wire electric vehicle, an AC input is converted into DC power by a converter and accumulated in a smoothing capacitor.
- the configuration and operation of a circuit portion that converts electric power to AC power again by a three-phase inverter circuit are the same or equivalent. For this reason, the same application is possible also to the electric vehicle of an AC overhead wire.
- the filter reactors (FL1, FL2) are provided in each of the VVVF 4 and the SIV 5, but a configuration in which these filter reactors FL1, FL2 are shared is also possible.
- FIG. 2 shows a normal operation state of the circuit shown in FIG. 1, in which the pantograph 2 comes into contact with the overhead wire 1 and a current flows from the overhead wire 1 to the SIV 5 via the pantograph 2, and the three-phase inverter circuit INV1 of the SIV 5 Electric power is supplied to the load 10 in the vehicle via. Similarly, current flows through the pantograph 2 to the VVVF 4, electric power is supplied to the propulsion motor 7, and the vehicle is controlled to be in an accelerated state.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an operation state when the blocking diode BD1 is not provided from the configuration of FIG.
- the propulsion motor 7 when the overhead wire 1 and the pantograph 2 are separated from each other in the state of FIG. 2 (hereinafter referred to as “separated wire”), power is supplied to the propulsion motor 7 by discharging the charge accumulated in the filter capacitor FC2 of the VVVF4.
- the power supply to the load 10 is supplied by releasing the electric charge stored in the filter capacitor FC1 of SIV5.
- the power supply to the propulsion motor 7 is continued until the voltage V FC2 of the filter capacitor FC2 decreases to fall below the allowable operating range and power supply cannot be performed.
- the electric charge of the filter capacitor FC1 of SIV5 is also supplied to the propulsion motor 7 which is the load of VVVF4.
- the supply power of VVVF4 when the propulsion motor 7 is accelerating is the load supply power of SIV5. Therefore, the voltage V FC1 of the filter capacitor FC1 of SIV5 rapidly decreases in order to supply power to the VVVF4 side.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an operation state when the blocking diode BD1 is present.
- the pantograph 2 is disconnected from the overhead line 1 in the state of FIG. 2, the discharge of electric charge from the filter capacitor FC1 to the VVVF4 side of the SIV5 is blocked by the blocking diode BD1, so the filter capacitor FC1 of the SIV5 In this case, the charge is discharged only on the load 10 side of the SIV5. Therefore, the SIV 5 does not need to consider the power supply to the VVVF 4 side, and the filter capacitor FC1 can be downsized.
- the blocking diode BD1 is installed in the SIV5.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram for explaining the recovery operation of the blocking diode BD1 in the prior art.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart for explaining the recovery operation of the blocking diode BD1 in the prior art.
- the blocking diode BD1 the differential voltage V r of the overhead wire voltage E S and the filter capacitor voltage V FC1 is applied as reverse voltage (see Figure 6 (b)).
- a voltage in the reverse direction is applied to the blocking diode BD1 from the state in which a current flows in the forward direction.
- the recovery current irr in which the current flows in the reverse direction flows through the blocking diode BD1 for a moment (see FIG. 6C).
- FIG. 7 is a simplified circuit diagram for explaining a recovery operation when a Si diode is used as the blocking diode BD1.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing a detailed operation state of the recovery operation when a Si diode is used as the blocking diode BD1.
- the blocking diode BD1 must have a sufficiently high breakdown voltage so as not to be broken at a voltage of Vrr. It is necessary to select a diode having a higher breakdown voltage as the back electromotive voltage V S is higher. It is necessary to design so as not to break even in an external abnormal state such as the ground fault as described above. For this reason, in the circuit design of SIV5 having the blocking diode BD1, it is necessary to consider that the back electromotive voltage V S is as small as possible.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram for explaining the effect of the snubber circuit
- FIG. 12 is a time chart for explaining the effect of the snubber circuit.
- the waveform indicated by the thick solid line is the current (i SIV ) and voltage (V BD1 ) when no snubber circuit is provided.
- the recovery current ir is shunted to the snubber capacitor side simultaneously with the reverse direction of the blocking diode BD1 (ills shown).
- + di / dt (2) solid line waveform in FIG.
- the counter electromotive voltage V S determined by the product of di / dt and the inductance component in the circuit is the counter electromotive voltage V S (2) with the snubber circuit and the counter electromotive voltage V S (3) without the snubber circuit.
- the relationship V S (2) >> V S (3) can be generated between the two.
- a snubber resistor Rs is provided in series with the snubber capacitor Cs. It is arranged so that resonance does not continue. Further, in order to discharge the electric charge of the snubber capacitor Cs after the snubber capacitor Cs is charged, the discharge resistor Rc is arranged in parallel with the series circuit of the snubber capacitor Cs and the snubber resistor Rs. In addition, when there is no discharge resistance Rc, the charge of the snubber capacitor Cs is blocked by the blocking diode BD1 and cannot be discharged.
- the conventional SIV is configured as described above, and the conventional technique uses a silicon-based plain diode (planar diode), and thus has a large recovery current. For this reason, in order to make the withstand voltage of the blocking diode reasonable, it is necessary to connect a large snubber capacitor to suppress the surge voltage generated by the recovery current. In addition, the discharge resistance for discharging the charge stored in this type of snubber capacitor has also increased according to the capacity and size of the snubber capacitor.
- a blocking diode having a very high breakdown voltage with respect to the overhead line voltage is required.
- the diode is expensive.
- the forward voltage also increases, and there is a problem that energization loss increases. Therefore, the use of a high-breakdown-voltage blocking diode leads to an increase in the cost of the diode, an increase in the size of the cooler, an increase in energization loss, and the advantage that the snubber circuit can be omitted at all.
- a silicon (Si) -based Schottky barrier diode if used, the forward voltage is reduced and the conduction loss can be reduced.
- Si silicon
- the diode elements are parallelized and serialized. Is inevitable, resulting in an increase in the size and cost of the apparatus and an increase in loss.
- a Schottky barrier diode based on silicon carbide (SiC) is applied to the SIV blocking diode.
- SiC Schottky barrier diode has a forward voltage lower than that of the silicon planar diode, can reduce the conduction loss, and ideally no recovery current flows, so the snubber circuit can be made smaller or omitted. You can do it.
- FIG. 13 is a simplified circuit diagram for explaining a recovery operation when an SiC Schottky barrier diode is used as a blocking diode.
- FIG. 14 is a time chart showing a detailed operation state of the recovery operation when the SiC Schottky barrier diode is used as a blocking diode.
- the overhead line voltage E S suddenly becomes 0 (V) due to a ground fault of the bus other than the SIV, ideally the overhead line voltage E S is applied to the blocking diode BD1. Because not applied voltages above the breakdown voltage of the blocking diode BD1 may be higher slightly relative to the overhead line voltage E S.
- a SiC Schottky barrier diode is used as the blocking diode BD1
- a snubber circuit composed of the snubber capacitor Cs, the snubber resistor Rs, and the discharge resistor Rc is ideally unnecessary.
- a snubber circuit may be necessary depending on the circuit configuration and the characteristics of the SiC Schottky barrier diode. Even in such a case, the snubber circuit, that is, the snubber capacitor Cs and the snubber resistor may be used. The size and capacity of Rs can be reduced.
- a blocking diode for preventing a backflow from the inverter circuit side to the overhead line side is provided between the overhead line and the inverter circuit, and SiC is provided in this blocking diode. Since the Schottky barrier diode is applied, an effect that the snubber circuit for protecting the blocking diode can be omitted or can be made as small as possible is obtained.
- the blocking diode By using a SiC Schottky barrier diode as the blocking diode, it is possible to reduce the breakdown voltage of the blocking diode to a level where a general-purpose product can be selected.
- the heat dissipating fins of the cooler can be made very small, greatly contributing to downsizing and cost reduction of the device. The effect that it can be obtained.
- SiC is an example of a semiconductor referred to as a wide bandgap semiconductor, capturing the characteristic that the bandgap is larger than that of Si.
- semiconductors formed using gallium nitride (GaN) -based materials or diamond (C) belong to wide band gap semiconductors, and their characteristics are often similar to SiC. Therefore, a configuration using a wide band gap semiconductor other than SiC also forms the gist of the present application.
- the main circuit of the auxiliary power supply device is a three-phase circuit
- the auxiliary power supply device that outputs single-phase alternating current or direct current has the same effect.
- the auxiliary power supply for a vehicle according to the present invention is useful as an invention that can further reduce the size of a cooler and a snubber circuit provided in association with a blocking diode.
Abstract
Description
図1は、本願実施の形態の鉄道車両における主回路構成の一例を簡略化して示す図である。鉄道車両における主回路は、図1に示すように、2つの主回路を有する構成となる。主回路の一つは、鉄道車両(以下単に「車両」という)の屋根上に設置されたパンタグラフ2を介して架線1から供給される直流電力(例えばDC750(V)、DC1500(V)など)を取り込んで推進モータ7を制御するVVVF(Variable Voltage Variable Frequency)インバータ装置(以下単に「VVVF」と表記)4を成す回路であり、主回路のもう一つは、VVVF4と並列関係に接続され、このVVVF4と同様に架線1からの直流電力を取り込んで車両内の照明、エアコン装置、コンプレッサ、ブレーキ装置、列車情報処理装置など、推進モータ7以外の車両内電気機器(以下「負荷」と表記)10に所望の電力を供給する車両用補助電源装置(Static InVeter:SIV)5を成す回路である。
つぎに、ブロッキングダイオードの役割について、図2~図4の図面を参照して説明する。
図5は、従来技術におけるブロッキングダイオードBD1のリカバリ動作を説明するための模式的回路図である。また、図6は、従来技術におけるブロッキングダイオードBD1のリカバリ動作を説明するためのタイムチャートである。これらの図は、パンタグラフ2を介して架線1からSIV5の3相インバータ回路INV1に直流電力が供給され、かつ、3相インバータ回路INV1から負荷10に電力が供給されている状態において、例えば架線電圧ESが数百V程度急降下した場合の動作を示している。
図7は、ブロッキングダイオードBD1にSiダイオードを用いたときのリカバリ動作を説明するための簡略回路図である。また、図8は、ブロッキングダイオードBD1にSiダイオードを用いたときのリカバリ動作の詳細な動作状態を示すタイムチャートである。
例えば、図9に示すように、SIV5に並列に接続されているSIV5以外の他機器(例えばVVVF4など)11側で直流母線が地絡したような場合、架線電圧ESは急激に0(V)まで低下する。このとき、上記図7および図8で説明したように、ブロッキングダイオードBD1のリカバリ動作現象によって、ブロッキングダイオードBD1の逆方向印加電圧Vrrは図10に示すように、Vrr=ES+VSとなる。
上記のとおり、逆起電圧VSを小さくすることがブロッキングダイオードBD1の選定に大きく影響する。一方、逆起電圧VSを小さくするためには、リカバリ後の電流変化率である(+di/dt(2))を可能な限り小さくすることによって達成できる。
従来のSIVは、上記のように構成され、また、従来技術では、シリコン系のプレーンダイオード(プレーナ型ダイオード)を用いていたため、リカバリ電流が大きかった。このため、ブロッキングダイオードの耐圧をリーズナブルにするには、大きなスナバコンデンサを接続して、リカバリ電流によって発生するサージ電圧を抑制する必要があった。また、この種のスナバコンデンサに蓄積された充電電荷を放出するための放電抵抗も、スナバコンデンサの容量やサイズに応じて大きくなっていた。
上述した種々の問題点および制約を解決するため、本願実施の形態では、SIVのブロッキングダイオードに炭化珪素(シリコン・カーバイド:SiC)を基材とするショットキー・バリア・ダイオードを適用した。ここで、SiCショットキー・バリア・ダイオードは、順方向電圧がシリコンプレーナダイオードよりも低く、通電損失を小さくできると共に、理想的にはリカバリ電流が流れないため、スナバ回路を小さくしたり、また省略したりすることができる。
上述したように、本実施の形態の車両用補助電源装置によれば、架線とインバータ回路との間にインバータ回路側から架線側への逆流を防止するブロッキングダイオードを設けると共に、このブロッキングダイオードにSiCショットキー・バリア・ダイオードを適用したので、ブロッキングダイオードを保護するスナバ回路を省略することができ、もしくは限りなく小さくすることができるという効果が得られる。
2 パンタグラフ
4 VVVFインバータ装置(VVVF)
5 車両用補助電源装置(SIV)
7 推進モータ
9 スナバ回路
10 負荷
11 他機器
BD1 ブロッキングダイオード
FC1,FC2 フィルタコンデンサ
FL1,FL2 フィルタリアクトル
INV1,INV2 3相インバータ回路
PL1 浮遊インダクタンス
Cs スナバコンデンサ
Rc 放電抵抗
Rs スナバ抵抗
SW1,SW2 スイッチ
Tr トランス
Claims (4)
- 鉄道車両に搭載され、架線から入力される直流電力または交流電力を所望の交流電力に変換して負荷に供給するインバータ回路を備えると共に、推進モータを駆動するインバータ装置と並列関係に接続される車両用補助電源装置であって、
前記架線と前記インバータ回路との間には、当該インバータ回路側から前記架線側への逆流を防止するブロッキングダイオードが設けられており、
このブロッキングダイオードがワイドバンド半導体によって形成されたショットキー・バリア・ダイオードであることを特徴とする車両用補助電源装置。 - 鉄道車両に搭載され、架線から入力される直流電力または交流電力を所望の交流電力に変換して負荷に供給するインバータ回路を備えた車両用補助電源装置であって、
前記架線と前記インバータ回路との間には、当該インバータ回路側から当該架線側への逆流を防止するブロッキングダイオードが設けられており、
このブロッキングダイオードがワイドバンド半導体によって形成されたショットキー・バリア・ダイオードであることを特徴とする車両用補助電源装置。 - 前記ブロッキングダイオードには、並列にスナバ回路が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の車両用補助電源装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウム系材料または、ダイヤモンドを用いた半導体であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の車両用補助電源装置。
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CN201180071871.7A CN103648823A (zh) | 2011-06-30 | 2011-06-30 | 车厢用辅助电源装置 |
US14/119,125 US9744855B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2011-06-30 | Vehicle auxiliary power supply |
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JP2017108630A (ja) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 車両用補助電源装置 |
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EP3985473A1 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-20 | Kohler Mira Limited | Control system for one or more ablutionary devices |
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JP6768340B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2020-10-14 | 株式会社東芝 | 鉄道車両の電力変換装置 |
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EP3985185A1 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-20 | Kohler Mira Limited | Control system for one or more ablutionary devices |
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EP3985187A1 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2022-04-20 | Kohler Mira Limited | Control system for one or more ablutionary devices |
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US9744855B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
CN103648823A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
US20140097670A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
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