WO2012176258A1 - Appareil d'approvisionnement/récupération de dioxyde de carbone pour une turbine à gaz de dioxyde de carbone supercritique et procédé pour réguler la quantité de dioxyde de carbone introduite - Google Patents

Appareil d'approvisionnement/récupération de dioxyde de carbone pour une turbine à gaz de dioxyde de carbone supercritique et procédé pour réguler la quantité de dioxyde de carbone introduite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012176258A1
WO2012176258A1 PCT/JP2011/064035 JP2011064035W WO2012176258A1 WO 2012176258 A1 WO2012176258 A1 WO 2012176258A1 JP 2011064035 W JP2011064035 W JP 2011064035W WO 2012176258 A1 WO2012176258 A1 WO 2012176258A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
tank
supply
recovery
cooling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/064035
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山本　敬
敏彦 福島
忠彦 高松
Original Assignee
熱技術開発株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 熱技術開発株式会社 filed Critical 熱技術開発株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2011/064035 priority Critical patent/WO2012176258A1/fr
Priority to JP2013521341A priority patent/JP5715697B2/ja
Publication of WO2012176258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012176258A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/10—Closed cycles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a carbon dioxide supply and recovery device for a supercritical carbon dioxide gas turbine and a method for adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide enclosed. More specifically, in a closed cycle gas turbine using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid, a device for adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide enclosed in the cycle as the working fluid, and the amount of carbon dioxide enclosed using this device. It is about the method of adjusting.
  • a gas turbine using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid can be expected as a highly efficient power generation system by reducing compressor power, and can use various fuels and exhaust heat because it is a closed cycle.
  • carbon dioxide can be heated to increase the pressure in the reserve tank, and carbon dioxide can be supplied to the cycle from the high-pressure reserve tank. However, it cannot be recovered without going through a process of cooling and decompression.
  • the present invention can adjust the amount of carbon dioxide enclosed in the cycle system by heating and cooling operations without using a driving device such as a high-pressure pump, and can supply carbon dioxide flexibly to changes in the operating state of the gas turbine. It aims at providing a recovery device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide enclosure amount adjusting method for adjusting the carbon dioxide enclosure amount in a cycle system by heating and cooling operations without using a driving device such as a high-pressure pump.
  • the compressor and the turbine are connected by a flow path, and a regenerator, a heater, and a cooler are provided along the flow path, and are connected to the compressor and the turbine.
  • a carbon dioxide supply and recovery device used in a closed cycle gas turbine having a starter motor and using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid includes a carbon dioxide recovery valve, a carbon dioxide supply valve, and a cooling / heating device. And a refrigerant tank provided.
  • the refrigerant tank includes a low temperature side cold tank and a high temperature side hot tank
  • the cooling / heating device includes a cooler provided on the upstream side of the cold tank, and a downstream side of the hot tank. You may comprise from the provided heater.
  • the cold tank may be disposed above the hot tank, and the cold tank and the hot tank may be connected by a connection pipe through which supercritical carbon dioxide flows and a pressure equalizing pipe.
  • the compressor and the turbine are connected by a flow path, and a regenerator, a heater, and a cooler are provided along the flow path, and are connected to the compressor and the turbine.
  • a carbon dioxide enclosure amount adjusting method for adjusting a carbon dioxide enclosure amount of a closed cycle gas turbine having a starter motor and using supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid while cooling the carbon dioxide in the closed cycle gas turbine A carbon dioxide recovery step of recovering carbon dioxide; and a carbon dioxide supply step of supplying carbon dioxide while heating the carbon dioxide in the closed cycle gas turbine.
  • the carbon dioxide recovery step is a step of recovering carbon dioxide while cooling a refrigerant tank provided in the closed cycle gas turbine with a cooling / heating device
  • the carbon dioxide supply step is a step of cooling the refrigerant tank with the cooling It may be a step of supplying carbon dioxide while heating with a heater.
  • the carbon dioxide recovery step is a step of recovering carbon dioxide by cooling the carbon dioxide with a cooler built in a cold tank provided in the closed cycle gas turbine or provided above the cold tank.
  • the carbon dioxide supply step may be a step of supplying carbon dioxide by a heater built in a hot tank provided in the closed cycle gas turbine or provided in a lower part of the hot tank. .
  • the carbon dioxide enclosure amount in the cycle system can be adjusted by heating / cooling operation without using a drive device such as a pump. it can. For this reason, it can respond flexibly to changes in the operating state of the closed cycle gas turbine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a closed cycle gas turbine (hereinafter referred to as “cycle”) 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cycle 100 includes a compressor 1, a turbine 2, a regenerator 3, a heater 4, a cooler 5, a motor / generator 6 as a starting motor, a bypass 7, an expansion valve 8, and a flow rate control.
  • a valve 9 and a carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20 are provided.
  • the compressor 1 and the turbine 2 are connected to a motor / generator 6 through a shaft 10 so that power can be transmitted.
  • the outlet of the compressor 1 and the inlet of the turbine 2 are connected by piping through a regenerator 3 and a heater 4.
  • the turbine 2 is provided with a bypass 7 having an expansion valve 8.
  • the bypass 7 branches off from the pipe before the inlet of the turbine 2 and is connected to the outlet pipe of the turbine 2.
  • the junction between the bypass 7 and the piping at the outlet of the turbine 2 is a bypass junction 11.
  • a flow control valve 9 is installed between the outlet of the turbine 2 and the bypass junction 11.
  • the bypass junction 10 and the inlet of the compressor 1 are connected by piping through the regenerator 3 and the cooler 5, and the cycle 100 constitutes a closed cycle.
  • Cycle 100 uses carbon dioxide as the working medium.
  • the cycle 100 contains a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide after evacuation.
  • As a heat source of the heater 4 exhaust heat of 300 ° C. or less can be used in addition to various known fuels.
  • the cooler 5 is cooled by a cooling heat medium having an outside air temperature.
  • the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20 is provided by branching from a branching portion 12 provided at the outlet of the compressor 1.
  • the downstream side of the carbon dioxide supply / recovery device 20 joins the pipe before the inlet side of the compressor 1 at the junction 13. That is, the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20 according to the present embodiment is provided so as to bypass the compressor 1 via the branching section 12 and the merging section 13.
  • An enclosure amount adjusting valve 14 is provided downstream of the branching unit 12 and before the inlet of the regenerator 3.
  • a recovery valve 21, which is a carbon dioxide recovery valve, is provided downstream of the branching unit 12 and in front of the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20.
  • a supply valve 22, which is a carbon dioxide supply valve, is provided downstream of the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20 and before the junction 13.
  • the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20 includes a refrigerant tank 24 and a cooling / heating device 23.
  • the refrigerant tank 24 is used to store the carbon dioxide enclosed in the cycle 100.
  • the cooling / heating device 23 is attached to the refrigerant tank 24 and is used to cool and heat the carbon dioxide stored in the refrigerant tank 24.
  • the cooling / heating device 23 may be of any type as long as it can cool and heat the carbon dioxide stored in the refrigerant tank 24.
  • the operating condition of the cycle 100 according to the present embodiment can be evaluated by Expression (1).
  • p pressure (Pa)
  • ⁇ density (kg / m 3 )
  • U is the peripheral speed (m / s) of the impeller in the case of a radial turbine
  • the average axial flow velocity in the case of an axial turbine) m / s.
  • Subscripts i and o represent an inlet and an outlet, respectively.
  • the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20 supplies the deficient carbon dioxide into the cycle 100.
  • the carbon dioxide stored in the refrigerant tank 24 is heated by the cooling / heating device 23.
  • the carbon dioxide in the heated refrigerant tank 24 rises in temperature and vaporizes.
  • the recovery valve 21 is closed, and at the same time, the enclosed amount adjustment valve 14 and the supply valve 22 are opened.
  • the carbon dioxide in the refrigerant tank 24 heated and vaporized and having increased in pressure is supplied into the cycle 100 through the supply valve 22 and the junction portion 13 due to a pressure difference from the system pressure in the cycle 100.
  • cycle 100 carbon dioxide recovery process
  • the cycle 100 is stopped and left, the apparatus is cooled in the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide in the cycle 100 becomes saturated, the liquid partially stays, and a so-called sleep operation in which the liquid flows into the compressor or turbine at the start is performed. There is a risk of triggering. For this reason, when the cycle 100 is stopped, it is necessary to recover the carbon dioxide so that the carbon dioxide is not saturated in the cycle 100 during the stop.
  • the refrigerant tank 24 is cooled by the cooling / heating device 23. Then, at the same time that the recovery valve 21 is opened, the enclosed amount adjustment valve 14 and the supply valve 22 are closed. Then, the carbon dioxide delivered from the compressor 1 cannot flow into the regenerator 3 because the enclosed amount adjustment valve 14 is closed. For this reason, the carbon dioxide in the cycle 100 system flows into the refrigerant tank 24 through the recovery valve 21 via the branch part 12. At this time, since the refrigerant tank 24 is cooled by the cooling / heating device 23, the carbon dioxide flowing into the refrigerant tank 24 is stored in the refrigerant tank 24 while being liquefied. In this way, the carbon dioxide in the cycle 100 is recovered by the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20. At this time, it goes without saying that the outlet temperature of the cooler 5 is controlled so that carbon dioxide does not enter a gas-liquid two-phase state at the inlet of the compressor 1.
  • the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device provided in the cycle 100 is cooled or heated, so that the carbon dioxide in the cycle 100 system can be used without using an external driving device such as a pump.
  • the amount of encapsulation can be adjusted. For this reason, it can respond flexibly to changes in the operating state of the closed cycle gas turbine.
  • a cycle 200 including the configuration example 1 of the carbon dioxide supply and recovery apparatus 20 is shown in FIG.
  • the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 20 included in the cycle 200 uses the heating medium HM used by the heater 4 and the cooling medium CM used by the cooler 5 as the cooling / heating device 23.
  • the heating medium HM is branched from the supply path to the heater 4 and supplied to the refrigerant tank 24.
  • the cooling medium CM is branched from the supply path to the cooler 5 and supplied to the refrigerant tank 24.
  • the carbon dioxide stored in the refrigerant tank 24 is heated and cooled by adjusting the supply amounts of the heating medium HM and the cooling medium CM to the refrigerant tank 24.
  • a cycle 300 including the configuration example 2 of the carbon dioxide supply and recovery apparatus 20 is shown in FIG.
  • the cycle 300 is similar to the cycle 200 in that the cooling medium CM used by the cooler 5 is used as a cooling source, except that carbon dioxide output from the turbine 2 is used as a heating source.
  • the outlet pipe of the turbine 2 is branched.
  • One of the branched pipes is connected to the cooler 5.
  • the other branched pipe is arranged in the refrigerant tank 24.
  • the carbon dioxide stored in the refrigerant tank 24 is heated by flowing high-temperature carbon dioxide output from the turbine 2 into the pipe disposed in the refrigerant tank 24.
  • the configuration of the cycle 300 is suitable for the case where the heater 4 is a “method of burning the fuel and heating the working fluid (carbon dioxide)” such as a boiler.
  • a cycle 400 including the configuration example 3 of the carbon dioxide supply and recovery apparatus 20 is shown in FIG.
  • the cycle 400 is similar to the cycle 300 in that the carbon dioxide output from the turbine 2 is used as a heating source, but is different in that the chiller unit CU is used as a cooling source.
  • an independent chiller unit CU as a cooling source is connected to the refrigerant tank 24.
  • the carbon dioxide stored in the refrigerant tank 24 is cooled by the chiller unit CU.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium can be further lowered without being affected by the outside air temperature or the like, so that carbon dioxide can be efficiently recovered.
  • FIG. 2 shows a carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 30 according to this embodiment.
  • the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 30 includes a cooler 31, a cold tank 32, a hot tank 33, and a heater 34.
  • the cold tank 32 is a low-temperature side refrigerant tank and stores liquefied carbon dioxide.
  • the hot tank 33 is a high-temperature side refrigerant tank, and heats and vaporizes the internal carbon dioxide.
  • the cold tank 32 is preferably kept cold so that the recovered carbon dioxide is not heated by the wall surface of the cold tank 32 or provided with a cooling device such as a water cooling jacket.
  • the hot tank 33 is insulated so that the heated carbon dioxide does not cool, and the carbon dioxide flowing from the cold tank 32 is not heated when the carbon dioxide is transferred from the cold tank 32, or the temperature of a cold / hot water jacket or the like is adjusted. More preferably, an apparatus is provided.
  • the type of the cooler 31 is not particularly limited as long as it can cool carbon dioxide.
  • the heater 34 may be of any type as long as it can vaporize carbon dioxide by heating.
  • the cold tank 32 and the hot tank 33 are connected by a connecting pipe 41 having a connecting valve 36.
  • a cooler 31 is provided on the upstream side of the cold tank 32.
  • a heater 34 is connected to the downstream side of the hot tank 33 via a valve 37.
  • the cold tank is provided with a recovery pipe 50 having a return valve 35.
  • the recovery pipe 50 is guided to the cooler 31.
  • the hot tank 33 is provided with a pressure equalizing pipe 42 having a pressure equalizing valve 38.
  • the pressure equalizing pipe 42 is connected to the upstream side of the cooler 31. That is, the hot tank 33 is connected by the connecting pipe 41 and is connected by the pressure equalizing pipe 42 through the cooler 31.
  • the recovery valve 21 is provided further upstream of the junction with the pressure equalizing pipe 42.
  • the upstream side of the recovery valve 21 is connected to the branch portion 12.
  • a supply valve 22 is provided on the downstream side of the heater 34.
  • a downstream side of the heater 34 and an upstream side of the supply valve 22 is branched, and is bypassed to the upstream side of the pressure equalizing valve 38 by a bypass pipe 43 provided with a bypass valve 39.
  • the downstream side of the supply valve 22 is connected to the junction 13. In this way, the carbon dioxide supply and recovery device 30 is connected to the cycle 100 to constitute a closed cycle.
  • the cooler 31, the cold tank 32, the hot tank 33, and the heater 34 are arranged in order in the vertical direction.
  • the amount of carbon dioxide enclosed in the timely cycle system is adjusted by independently adjusting the temperature using the cold tank 32 for carbon dioxide recovery and the hot tank 33 for supply. Can be adjusted.
  • the carbon dioxide in the hot tank 33 is heated by the heater to increase the pressure, and the carbon dioxide can be supplied into the cycle system without using a driving device such as a pump. .
  • the carbon dioxide in the cycle system is cooled by the cooler 31, and liquefied carbon dioxide or supercritical carbon dioxide having a high density is caused to flow into the cold tank 32 due to its weight or density difference. Can be recovered.
  • the cooler 31 and the heater 34 are provided separately from the cold tank 32 and the hot tank 33.
  • the cooler may be built in the cold tank.
  • the cooler is installed at the top of the cold tank.
  • the heater may be built in the hot tank. In this case, the heater is installed below the hot tank.
  • the cold tank 32 has a low temperature and a low pressure
  • the hot tank 33 has a high temperature and a high pressure.
  • the pressure equalizing valve 38 is opened, the pressures in the cold tank 32 and the hot tank 33 become equal. If the pipe from the bottom of the cold tank 32 is connected to the upper part of the hot tank 33, and the cold tank 32 is installed at a higher position, the connection valve 36 is opened, so that the carbon dioxide in the cold tank 32 is removed. It can be poured into the hot tank 33.
  • the hot tank 33 and the cold tank 32 are connected by the connecting pipe 41 through which the liquefied carbon dioxide or high-density supercritical carbon dioxide flows and the pressure equalizing pipe 42 for pressure equalization. .
  • the carbon dioxide in the cold tank 32 can be transferred to the hot tank 33 using the difference in carbon dioxide density in both tanks.
  • the recovery pipe 50 is not connected, if a device for cooling the cold tank 32 such as a water cooling jacket is attached from the outside, the inside of the cold tank 32 is kept at a low temperature and low pressure, thereby cycling carbon dioxide. 100 can be recovered.
  • a device for cooling the cold tank 32 such as a water cooling jacket
  • the carbon dioxide enclosure amount in the cycle system can be adjusted by heating / cooling operation without using a drive device such as a pump. it can.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil d'approvisionnement/récupération de dioxyde de carbone qui est raccordé à un compresseur et une turbine par un trajet d'écoulement, est pourvu d'un régénérateur, d'un dispositif de chauffage, et d'un dispositif de refroidissement le long du trajet d'écoulement, a un moteur de démarrage raccordé au compresseur et à la turbine, et est utilisé dans une turbine à gaz à cycle fermé qui utilise du dioxyde de carbone supercritique en tant que fluide de travail ; cet appareil d'approvisionnement/récupération de dioxyde de carbone ayant une valve pour la récupération de dioxyde de carbone, une valve pour l'approvisionnement en dioxyde de carbone, et un réservoir de réfrigérant équipé d'un dispositif de chauffage et d'un dispositif de refroidissement.
PCT/JP2011/064035 2011-06-20 2011-06-20 Appareil d'approvisionnement/récupération de dioxyde de carbone pour une turbine à gaz de dioxyde de carbone supercritique et procédé pour réguler la quantité de dioxyde de carbone introduite WO2012176258A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2011/064035 WO2012176258A1 (fr) 2011-06-20 2011-06-20 Appareil d'approvisionnement/récupération de dioxyde de carbone pour une turbine à gaz de dioxyde de carbone supercritique et procédé pour réguler la quantité de dioxyde de carbone introduite
JP2013521341A JP5715697B2 (ja) 2011-06-20 2011-06-20 超臨界二酸化炭素ガスタービン用の二酸化炭素供給回収装置及び二酸化炭素封入量調節方法

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PCT/JP2011/064035 WO2012176258A1 (fr) 2011-06-20 2011-06-20 Appareil d'approvisionnement/récupération de dioxyde de carbone pour une turbine à gaz de dioxyde de carbone supercritique et procédé pour réguler la quantité de dioxyde de carbone introduite

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US11761336B2 (en) 2010-03-04 2023-09-19 Malta Inc. Adiabatic salt energy storage
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