WO2012167671A1 - 一种车辆及其平衡悬架 - Google Patents

一种车辆及其平衡悬架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167671A1
WO2012167671A1 PCT/CN2012/074211 CN2012074211W WO2012167671A1 WO 2012167671 A1 WO2012167671 A1 WO 2012167671A1 CN 2012074211 W CN2012074211 W CN 2012074211W WO 2012167671 A1 WO2012167671 A1 WO 2012167671A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
suspension
crank
telescopic cylinder
hinged
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/074211
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
皮秋生
董洪杰
宋江泉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Sany Automobile Hoisting Machinery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Sany Automobile Hoisting Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd, Sany Automobile Hoisting Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Publication of WO2012167671A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167671A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G5/00—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements
    • B60G5/04—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements with two or more pivoted arms, the movements of which are resiliently interrelated, e.g. the arms being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/001—Suspension arms, e.g. constructional features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/02—Attaching arms to sprung part of vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/11—Leaf spring
    • B60G2202/112—Leaf spring longitudinally arranged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/121—Mounting of leaf springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/128—Damper mount on vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/129—Damper mount on wheel suspension or knuckle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/13—Mounting of springs or dampers with the spring, i.e. coil spring, or damper horizontally mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/143—Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis
    • B60G2204/1431—Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis of an L-shaped arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/10—Constructional features of arms
    • B60G2206/122—Constructional features of arms the arm having L-shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of suspension technology, and in particular to a balanced suspension with a good cushioning effect and a structural unit.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle having the above-described balanced suspension.
  • the suspension is a connection device between the axle and the frame, and its function is to transmit the force and moment acting between the wheel and the frame, and to buffer the impact force transmitted from the uneven road surface to the frame, and attenuate the vibration caused thereby. To ensure that the car can travel smoothly.
  • common suspension forms mainly include leaf spring suspension, oil and gas suspension, air suspension, and the like.
  • the common suspension structure has a leaf spring balance suspension and an oil and gas suspension.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a leaf spring type balanced suspension in the prior art, and the leaf spring type balanced suspension generally includes a balance beam 3 , a leaf spring 4 , and two ends of the balance beam 3 . Both ends of the leaf spring 4 are respectively connected to the front axle 2' and the rear axle ⁇ , and the leaf spring type balanced suspension structure is simple, and the cost is low, but the damping effect is not good.
  • Hydro-pneumatic suspension can usually achieve balance by electro-hydraulic control, but its oil connection and control are complicated and costly.
  • hydro-pneumatic suspension cylinder of oil and gas suspension can only be placed on the side of the frame, oil and gas Suspension is difficult to arrange on a twin-axle axle.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a balance suspension which has a good shock absorbing effect, a structural unit, and a low cost
  • another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle having the above-described balanced suspension.
  • the present invention provides a balance suspension comprising a bell crank and a cushioning device; the crank is a bending structure, one end of the crank is hinged to the axle, and the other end is One end of the buffer device is connected, and the bend of the crank is hinged to the support on the frame.
  • the buffer device comprises a suspension telescopic cylinder and an accumulator, and the other end of the crank is connected with one end of the suspension telescopic cylinder, the cavity of the suspension telescopic cylinder and the accumulator Connected.
  • the crank has a first crank and a second crank, one end of the first crank is hinged to the front axle, and the other end is hinged to one end of the suspension telescopic cylinder, the first song
  • the bent portion is hinged to the first seat on the frame; one end of the second crank is hinged to the rear axle, and the other end is hinged to the other end of the suspension cylinder; the second crank The bend is hinged to the second seat on the frame.
  • the crank has a first crank and a second crank
  • the suspension telescopic cylinder includes a first suspension telescopic cylinder and a second suspension telescopic cylinder; one end of the first crank and the rear vehicle a bridge hinged, the other end being hinged to one end of the first suspension telescopic cylinder, the bend of the first crank is hinged to the first seat on the frame; the end of the second crank and the front car
  • the bridge is hinged, the other end is hinged to one end of the second suspension telescopic cylinder, and the bend of the second crank is hinged to the second seat on the frame.
  • crank is hinged to the axle by a joint bearing.
  • the suspension telescopic cylinder is a suspension telescopic cylinder.
  • the suspension telescopic cylinder is a suspension telescopic cylinder.
  • the buffer device comprises a coil spring and a damper, the damper is disposed in the coil spring, and the other end of the crank is simultaneously connected to the coil spring and the damper.
  • the suspension telescopic cylinder is disposed at the bottom of the frame.
  • the balance suspension provided by the invention comprises a bell crank and a buffer device, and a support is arranged on the frame, wherein the crank is a bending mechanism, one end of the crank is hinged to the axle, and the other end is connected to one end of the buffer device, The bend of the crank is hinged to the support on the frame.
  • the balance suspension of this structure the balance of the suspension is realized by the swing of the crank, without the stroke of the cylinder to ensure, compared with the oil and gas suspension, and the design of the balance oil passage is reduced, the oil pipeline is simple, and the cost is relatively low. Low, good damping effect.
  • the buffer device includes a suspension telescopic cylinder and an accumulator, and the other end of the crank is connected to one end of the suspension telescopic cylinder, and the cavity of the suspension telescopic cylinder and the energy storage Device Connected.
  • the balance suspension of the structure when the axle jumps up or down, the axle rotates around the hinge point of the support, so that the other end of the crank turns the suspension telescopic cylinder to perform the telescopic movement, the suspension telescopic cylinder
  • the stroke of the suspension changes, and the telescopic movement of the suspension telescopic cylinder causes the medium in the suspension telescopic cylinder to continuously enter or discharge the accumulator, so that the accumulator is exhausted or inhaled, that is, continuously compressed or stretched.
  • the gas in the energy device can realize the buffer function of the balance suspension; when the vehicle passes through the uneven road surface, the crank will rotate around the hinge point of the support to ensure that the axle can be grounded, thereby achieving the balance of the axle. .
  • the balance suspension adopts a combination of a suspension telescopic cylinder and an accumulator as a buffer, and has a better cushioning effect with respect to the leaf spring balance suspension; the balance of the suspension is realized by the swing of the crank, without the stroke of the cylinder to ensure the suspension expansion and contraction
  • the stroke of the cylinder is only used for buffering, so the stroke of the suspension telescopic cylinder is shortened compared with the oil and gas suspension, and the design of the balance oil passage is reduced, the oil pipeline is simple, and the cost is low; in addition, since the stroke of the suspension telescopic cylinder is changed Small, for vehicles with twin-axle axles, the suspension telescopic cylinder can be placed at the bottom of the frame.
  • the crank has a first crank and a second crank, one end of the first crank is hinged to the rear axle, and the other end is hinged to one end of the suspension telescopic cylinder, the first a bend of the crank is hinged to the first seat on the frame; one end of the second crank is hinged to the front axle, and the other end is hinged to the other end of the suspension cylinder; The bend of the turn is hinged to the second seat on the frame.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle including an axle and a frame, and the above-described balanced suspension is provided between the axle and the frame. Since the above-described balance suspension has the above technical effects, the vehicle having the balance suspension should also have a corresponding technical effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a leaf spring type balanced suspension in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a balance suspension provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the first crank of FIG.
  • Rear axle ⁇ front axle 2, balance beam 3, leaf spring 4
  • Frame 1 rear axle 21, front axle 22, first pedestal 31, second pedestal 32, first crank 41, telescopic cylinder hinge point 41-1, support hinge point 41-2, axle
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a specific implementation of the balance suspension provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the first crankshaft of FIG.
  • the balance suspension provided by the present invention includes a crank and a buffer device.
  • the buffer device includes a suspension telescopic cylinder 5 and an accumulator 6, and the frame 1 is provided with a direction. a support extending in the bottom direction of the frame 1, the support is provided with a pin hole; wherein, the crank is a bending mechanism, one end of the crank is hinged to the axle, and the other end is connected with one end of the suspension telescopic cylinder 5, the crank The bend is hinged to the support on the frame 1, and the cavity of the suspension telescopic cylinder 5 communicates with the accumulator 6.
  • the balance suspension of the structure when the axle jumps up or down, the axle rotates around the crank and the hinge point of the support, so that the other end of the crank turns the suspension telescopic cylinder 5 to perform the telescopic movement, and the suspension
  • the stroke of the telescopic cylinder 5 changes, and the expansion and contraction operation of the suspension telescopic cylinder 5 causes the medium in the suspension telescopic cylinder 5 to continuously enter or exit the accumulator 6, so that the accumulator 6 performs exhaust or inhalation, that is, Constantly compressing or stretching the gas in the accumulator 6 to achieve the cushioning function of the balance suspension; when the vehicle passes through the uneven road surface, the crank will rotate around the hinge point of the support to ensure that the axle can Grounding to achieve the balance of the axle.
  • the balance suspension adopts a combination of a suspension telescopic cylinder 5 and an accumulator 6 as a buffer, and has a better buffering effect with respect to the leaf spring balance suspension; the balance of the suspension is realized by the swing of the crank, without being guaranteed by the stroke of the cylinder,
  • the stroke of the suspension telescopic cylinder is only used for buffering, so the stroke of the suspension telescopic cylinder is shortened compared with the oil and gas suspension, and the design of the balance oil passage is reduced, the oil pipeline is simple, and the cost is low; in addition, due to the suspension of the telescopic cylinder The stroke is reduced.
  • the suspension telescopic cylinder can be placed at the bottom of the frame 1.
  • the cranks include a first crank 41 and a second crank 42.
  • the bottom of the frame 1 is provided with a first support 31 and a second extending toward the bottom of the frame 1.
  • a support hole 32, a first hole 31 and a second support 32 are provided with pin holes; one end of the first crank 41 and the rear axle 21 hinged, the other end is hinged to one end of the suspension telescopic cylinder 5, the bend of the first crank 41 is hinged with the first support 31 on the frame 1; one end of the second crank 42 It is hinged to the front axle 22, the other end is hinged to the other end of the suspension telescopic cylinder 5, and the bend of the second crank 42 is hinged to the second abutment 32 on the frame 1.
  • the movement of 22 causes the first crank 41 and the second crank 42 to rotate in different directions, so that the stroke of the suspension cylinder changes, and the expansion and contraction of the suspension cylinder 5 causes the medium in the suspension cylinder 5 to stop.
  • the accumulator 6 is introduced or discharged to cause the accumulator 6 to vent or inhale, that is, to continuously compress or stretch the gas in the accumulator 6, thereby achieving a buffering function for balancing the suspension.
  • the rear axle 21 is upward, the front axle 22 is downward or the rear axle 21 is downward, and the front axle 22 is moved upward.
  • the first crank 41 and the second crank 42 It will rotate in the same direction to make the height of the axles inconsistent, and ensure that the rear axle 21 and the front axle 22 can be grounded, so as to achieve the effect of axle balance, the force on the axle can pass through the first thrust rod 71,
  • the second thrust rod 72 is transmitted to the frame 1 (the first thrust rod 71 and the second thrust rod 72 are connected to the axle and the frame 1 through the pin, which is a common guiding mechanism on the vehicle), on the axle A small amount of force is transmitted through the balance suspension.
  • the two axles share a suspension telescopic cylinder 5, which reduces the number of cylinders and reduces costs compared to the oil and gas suspension.
  • the structure of the first crank 41 is as shown in FIG. 3, the first crank 41 is a bent structure, and one end of the first crank 41 has a telescopic cylinder hinge point 41-1 through which the telescopic cylinder hinge point 41-1 is hinged to the suspension telescopic cylinder 5, and the other end of the first crank 41 has an axle hinge point 41-3 through which the hinge point 41-3 is hinged to the rear axle 21, and the first crank 41
  • the bend has a bearing hinge point 41-2 through which the hinge point 41-2 is hinged to the pin hole of the first seat 31.
  • the lengths of the two bends of the first bend 41 are L1 and L2 respectively.
  • the first crank 41 can be designed according to the principle of leverage, and determined according to needs. The ratio of Ll, L2.
  • the structure of the second crank 42 is similar to that of the first crank 41 described above and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the crank and the axle can be A joint bearing 8 is installed at the mounting point, taking the first crank 41 as an example. As shown in FIG. 3, a joint bearing 8 is mounted at the axle hinge point 41-3, and the first crank 41 passes the joint bearing 8 and the vehicle.
  • the bridge is hinged.
  • the suspension telescopic cylinder 5 can be a suspension telescopic cylinder or a suspension telescopic cylinder, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the structure of the frame 1 is made more compact, and the suspension telescopic cylinder 5 can be disposed at the bottom of the frame 1.
  • the first crank that connects the rear axle and the second crank that connects the front axle share a suspension telescopic cylinder
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first crank and the second crank may also They are separately connected to a suspension telescopic cylinder.
  • the following is a brief introduction to this scheme.
  • the crank has a first crank and a second crank.
  • the suspension telescopic cylinder includes a first suspension telescopic cylinder and a second suspension telescopic cylinder.
  • the bottom of the frame is provided with a section extending along the bottom of the frame.
  • a seat, a second seat, a first seat and a second seat are provided with pin holes; one end of the first crank is hinged to the rear axle, and the other end is connected to the first suspension telescopic cylinder One end of the first crank is hinged to the first seat on the frame, and the cavity of the first suspension telescopic cylinder is in communication with the accumulator; one end of the second crank and the front The axle is hinged, the other end is hinged with one end of the second suspension telescopic cylinder, the bend of the second crank is hinged with the second seat on the frame, and the cavity of the second suspension telescopic cylinder is The accumulator is connected.
  • the buffer device adopts the formation of a suspension telescopic cylinder and an accumulator, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and the buffer device may be further formed.
  • the buffer device may include a coil spring and a damper, The damper is disposed in the coil spring, and the other end of the crank is connected to the coil spring and the damper at the same time, and the buffering function of the balance suspension is realized by the elastic deformation of the coil spring and the damper; Only the formation of a coil spring may be employed, and the above solutions are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle including an axle and a frame, and the above-described balanced suspension is disposed between the axle and the frame. Since the above-mentioned balance suspension has the above technical effects, the vehicle having the balanced suspension should also have corresponding technical effects, and will not be described in detail herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

一种平衡悬架，包括曲拐（41，42）、缓冲装置；所述曲拐（41，42）为折弯结构，所述曲拐（41，42）的一端与车桥（21，22）铰接，另一端与所述缓冲装置的一端连接，所述曲拐（41，42）的折弯处与车架（1）上的支座（31，32）铰接。这种结构的平衡悬架，通过曲拐和缓冲装置实现平衡悬架的缓冲功能，悬架的平衡通过曲拐的摆动来实现，不用通过油缸的行程来保证，相对于油气悬架，减少了平衡油路的设计，因此油路简单，成本较低，减振效果好。此外，还公开了一种具有上述平衡悬架的车辆。

Description

一种车辆及其平衡悬架 本申请要求于 2011 年 06 月 09 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110154189.6、 发明名称为"一种车辆及其平衡悬架"的中国专利申请的 优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及悬架技术领域， 尤其涉及一种緩沖效果好、 结构筒单的平 衡悬架。 本发明还涉及一种具有上述平衡悬架的车辆。
背景技术
悬架是车桥与车架的连接装置， 其作用是传递作用在车轮和车架之间 的力和力矩， 并緩沖由不平路面传给车架的沖击力， 并衰减由此引起的震 动， 以保证汽车能平顺地行驶。
现有技术中， 常见的悬架形式主要有板簧悬架、 油气悬架、 空气悬架 等。 当车辆越过凸凹不平的路面时， 为了防止出现局部车桥悬空问题， 悬 架应具有一定的平衡能力， 常见的悬架结构有板簧式平衡悬架、油气悬架。
如图 1所示， 图 1为现有技术中一种板簧式平衡悬架的结构示意图， 板簧式平衡悬架通常包括平衡梁 3，、板簧 4，， 平衡梁 3， 的两端和板簧 4， 的两端均分别连接前车桥 2' 和后车桥 Γ , 板簧式平衡悬架结构筒单， 成 本低， 但是减震效果不好。
油气悬架通常通过电液控制能实现平衡作用， 但其油路连接及控制较 复杂， 且成本较高； 另外， 由于油气悬架的油气悬架油缸只能设置在车架 的侧面， 因此油气悬架在双胎车桥上难以布置。
因此， 如何研发出一种减震效果好、 结构筒单、 成本较低的平衡悬架， 成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种平衡悬架， 该平衡悬架减震效果好、 结构筒单、 成本较低， 本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有上述平衡悬架 的车辆。
为了实现上述第一个目的， 本发明提供了一种平衡悬架， 包括曲拐、 緩沖装置； 所述曲拐为折弯结构， 所述曲拐的一端与车桥铰接， 另一端与 所述緩沖装置的一端连接， 所述曲拐的折弯处与车架上的支座铰接。 优选的， 所述緩沖装置包括悬架伸缩缸和蓄能器， 所述曲拐的另一端 与所述悬架伸缩缸的一端连接，所述悬架伸缩缸的腔体与所述蓄能器连通。
优选的， 所述曲拐包括第一曲拐、 第二曲拐， 所述第一曲拐的一端与 前车桥铰接， 另一端与所述悬架伸缩缸的一端铰接， 所述第一曲拐的折弯 处与车架上的第一支座铰接； 所述第二曲拐的一端与后车桥铰接， 另一端 与所述悬架伸缩缸的另一端铰接； 所述第二曲拐的折弯处与车架上的第二 支座铰接。
优选的， 所述曲拐包括第一曲拐、 第二曲拐， 所述悬架伸缩缸包括第 一悬架伸缩缸、 第二悬架伸缩缸； 所述第一曲拐的一端与后车桥铰接， 另 一端与所述第一悬架伸缩缸的一端铰接， 所述第一曲拐的折弯处与车架上 的第一支座铰接； 所述第二曲拐的一端与前车桥铰接， 另一端与所述第二 悬架伸缩缸的一端铰接，所述第二曲拐的折弯处与车架上的第二支座铰接。
优选的， 所述曲拐通过关节轴承与所述车桥铰接。
优选的， 所述悬架伸缩缸为悬架伸缩油缸。
优选的， 所述悬架伸缩缸为悬架伸缩气缸。
优选的， 所述緩沖装置包括螺旋弹簧和减振器， 所述减振器套装于所 述螺旋弹簧内， 所述曲拐的另一端同时连接所述螺旋弹簧和减振器。
优选的， 所述悬架伸缩缸设置于车架底部。
本发明提供的平衡悬架包括曲拐、 緩沖装置， 在车架上设有支座， 其 中， 曲拐为折弯机构， 曲拐的一端与车桥铰接， 另一端与緩沖装置的一端 连接， 曲拐的折弯处与车架上的支座铰接。
这种结构的平衡悬架， 车桥向上或向下跳动时， 车桥带动曲拐绕与支 座的铰接点转动， 使得曲拐的另一端带动緩沖装置进行动作， 从而实现平 衡悬架的緩沖功能； 当车辆经过凸凹不平的路面时， 曲拐则会绕与支座的 铰接点旋转， 保证车桥能够接地， 从而达到车桥平衡的效果。
这种结构的平衡悬架， 悬架的平衡通过曲拐的摆动来实现， 不用通过 油缸的行程来保证， 相对于油气悬架， 而且减少了平衡油路的设计， 油路 筒单， 成本较低， 减振效果好。
优选方案中， 所述緩沖装置包括悬架伸缩缸和蓄能器， 所述曲拐的另 一端与所述悬架伸缩缸的一端连接， 所述悬架伸缩缸的腔体与所述蓄能器 连通。
这种结构的平衡悬架， 车桥向上或向下跳动时， 车桥带动曲拐绕与支 座的铰接点转动， 使得曲拐的另一端带动悬架伸缩缸进行伸缩动作， 悬架 伸缩缸的行程发生变化， 悬架伸缩缸的伸缩动作使得悬架伸缩缸内的介质 不停的进入或排出蓄能器， 使得蓄能器进行排气或吸气， 即不停地压缩或 拉伸蓄能器内的气体， 从而实现平衡悬架的緩沖功能； 当车辆经过凸凹不 平的路面时， 曲拐则会绕与支座的铰接点旋转， 保证车桥能够接地， 从而 达到车桥平衡的效果。
该平衡悬架采用悬架伸缩缸和蓄能器的组合作为緩沖， 相对于板簧平 衡悬架緩沖效果好； 悬挂的平衡通过曲拐的摆动来实现， 不用通过油缸的 行程来保证， 悬挂伸缩缸的行程只用来緩沖， 因而相对于油气悬架， 缩短 了悬挂伸缩缸的行程， 而且减少了平衡油路的设计， 油路筒单， 成本较低； 另外， 由于悬挂伸缩缸的行程变小， 对于具有双胎车桥的车辆， 悬挂伸缩 缸可设于车架底部。
优选方案中， 所述曲拐包括第一曲拐、 第二曲拐， 所述第一曲拐的一 端与后车桥铰接， 另一端与所述悬架伸缩缸的一端铰接， 所述第一曲拐的 折弯处与车架上的第一支座铰接； 所述第二曲拐的一端与前车桥铰接， 另 一端与所述悬架伸缩缸的另一端铰接； 所述第二曲拐的折弯处与车架上的 第二支座铰接。
这种结构的平衡悬架， 两个车桥共用一个悬架伸缩缸， 相对于油气悬 架， 减少了油缸数量， 降低了成本。
为了实现上述第二个目的， 本发明还提供了一种车辆， 包括车桥和车 架， 所述车桥与车架之间设有上述的平衡悬架。 由于上述的平衡悬架具有 上述技术效果， 具有该平衡悬架的车辆也应具备相应的技术效果。
附图说明
图 1为现有技术中一种板簧式平衡悬架的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明所提供的平衡悬架的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图； 图 3为图 1中第一曲拐的结构示意图；
其中， 图 1-图 3中：
后车桥 Γ、 前车桥 2，、 平衡梁 3，、 板簧 4，； 车架 1、 后车桥 21、 前车桥 22、 第一支座 31、 第二支座 32、 第一曲 拐 41、 伸缩缸铰接点 41-1、 支座铰接点 41-2、 车桥铰接点 41-3、 第二曲 拐 42、 悬架伸缩缸 5、 蓄能器 6、 第一推力杆 71、 第二推力杆 72、 关节轴 承 8。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案， 下面结合附 图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参看图 2、 图 3 , 图 2为本发明所提供的平衡悬架的一种具体实施方 式的结构示意图， 图 3为图 1中第一曲拐的结构示意图。
如图 2、 图 3所示， 本发明提供的平衡悬架包括曲拐、 緩沖装置， 具 体的方案中， 緩沖装置包括悬架伸缩缸 5、 蓄能器 6 , 在车架 1上设有向车 架 1底部方向延伸的支座， 支座上设有销孔； 其中， 曲拐为折弯机构， 曲 拐的一端与车桥铰接， 另一端与悬架伸缩缸 5的一端连接， 曲拐的折弯处 与车架 1上的支座铰接， 悬架伸缩缸 5的腔体与蓄能器 6连通。
这种结构的平衡悬架， 车桥向上或向下跳动时， 车桥带动曲拐绕曲拐 与支座的铰接点转动，使得曲拐的另一端带动悬架伸缩缸 5进行伸缩动作， 悬架伸缩缸 5的行程发生变化， 悬架伸缩缸 5的伸缩动作使得悬架伸缩缸 5内的介质不停的进入或排出蓄能器 6 ,使得蓄能器 6进行排气或吸气， 即 不停地压缩或拉伸蓄能器 6内的气体， 从而实现平衡悬架的緩沖功能； 当 车辆经过凸凹不平的路面时， 曲拐则会绕与支座的铰接点旋转， 保证车桥 能够接地， 从而达到车桥平衡的效果。
该平衡悬架采用悬架伸缩缸 5和蓄能器 6的组合作为緩沖， 相对于板 簧平衡悬架緩沖效果好； 悬挂的平衡通过曲拐的摆动来实现， 不用通过油 缸的行程来保证， 悬挂伸缩缸的行程只用来緩沖， 因而相对于油气悬架， 缩短了悬挂伸缩缸的行程， 而且减少了平衡油路的设计， 油路筒单， 成本 较低； 另外， 由于悬挂伸缩缸的行程变小， 对于具有双胎车桥的车辆， 悬 挂伸缩缸可设于车架 1底部。
优选方案中， 如图 2所示， 所述曲拐包括第一曲拐 41、 第二曲拐 42 , 车架 1的底部设有向车架 1底部方向延伸的第一支座 31、第二支座 32 , 第 一支座 31、 第二支座 32上均设有销孔； 所述第一曲拐 41的一端与后车桥 21铰接， 另一端与所述悬架伸缩缸 5的一端铰接， 所述第一曲拐 41的折 弯处与车架 1上的第一支座 31铰接； 所述第二曲拐 42的一端与前车桥 22 铰接， 另一端与所述悬架伸缩缸 5的另一端铰接，所述第二曲拐 42的折弯 处与车架 1上的第二支座 32铰接。
当后车桥 21、 前车桥 22同时向上或向下跳动时， 后车桥 21、 前车桥
22的运动导致第一曲拐 41、 第二曲拐 42向相异的方向转动， 从而使得悬 挂伸缩缸的行程变化， 悬架伸缩缸 5的伸缩动作使得悬架伸缩缸 5内的介 质不停的进入或排出蓄能器 6 , 使得蓄能器 6进行排气或吸气， 即不停地 压缩或拉伸蓄能器 6内的气体， 从而实现平衡悬架的緩沖功能。
当车辆经过凹凸不平的路面时， 后车桥 21向上、 前车桥 22向下或者 后车桥 21向下、 前车桥 22向上运动， 此时， 第一曲拐 41、 第二曲拐 42 则会向相同的方向旋转以使得车桥的高低不一致， 保证后车桥 21、 前车桥 22均能接地，从而达到车桥平衡的效果，车桥上的力可通过第一推力杆 71、 第二推力杆 72传递到车架 1上（第一推力杆 71、 第二推力杆 72通过销与 车桥和车架 1连接，这种结构是车辆上常见的导向机构 ),车桥上的力少量 通过平衡悬架传递。
这种结构的平衡悬架， 两个车桥共用一个悬架伸缩缸 5 , 相对于油气 悬架， 减少了油缸数量， 降低了成本。
具体的方案中， 第一曲拐 41的结构如图 3所示， 第一曲拐 41为折弯 结构， 第一曲拐 41 的一端具有伸缩缸铰接点 41-1 , 通过该伸缩缸铰接点 41-1与悬架伸缩缸 5铰接， 第一曲拐 41的另一端具有车桥铰接点 41-3 , 通过该车桥铰接点 41-3与后车桥 21铰接，第一曲拐 41的折弯处具有支座 铰接点 41-2 , 通过该支座铰接点 41-2与第一支座 31的销孔铰接。
第一曲拐 41折弯的两段的长度分别为 L1和 L2 , 为了获得合适的悬架 伸缩缸 5的伸缩力及行程大小， 可根据杠杆原理， 设计第一曲拐 41时， 根 据需要确定 Ll、 L2的比值。
第二曲拐 42的结构与上述第一曲拐 41的结构类似， 在此不再做详细 介绍。
车辆在运行时， 可能出现同一车桥左右高低不平， 为防止此时同一车 桥左右两边不在同一高度而形成扭转力， 优选方案中， 可在曲拐与车桥的 安装点处安装有关节轴承 8 , 以第一曲拐 41为例， 如图 3所示， 在车桥铰 接点 41-3处安装有关节轴承 8 , 第一曲拐 41通过关节轴承 8与车桥铰接。
具体的方案中， 悬架伸缩缸 5可以采用悬架伸缩油缸， 也可以采用悬 架伸缩气缸， 本发明对此不做限制。
优选方案中， 为了合理利用车架 1的结构空间， 使得车架 1的结构更 加紧凑， 可将所述悬架伸缩缸 5设置于车架 1底部。
上述实施例中， 连接后车桥的第一曲拐、 连接前车桥的第二曲拐共用 一个悬架伸缩缸， 本发明并不局限于此， 第一曲拐、 第二曲拐还可分别单 独与一个悬架伸缩缸连接， 以下对这种方案进行筒单介绍。
所述曲拐包括第一曲拐、 第二曲拐， 所述悬架伸缩缸包括第一悬架伸 缩缸、第二悬架伸缩缸，车架的底部设有沿车架底部方向延伸的第一支座、 第二支座， 第一支座、 第二支座上均设有销孔； 所述第一曲拐的一端与后 车桥铰接， 另一端与所述第一悬架伸缩缸的一端铰接， 所述第一曲拐的折 弯处与车架上的第一支座铰接， 第一悬架伸缩缸的腔体与蓄能器连通； 所 述第二曲拐的一端与前车桥铰接， 另一端与所述第二悬架伸缩缸的一端铰 接， 所述第二曲拐的折弯处与车架上的第二支座铰接， 第二悬架伸缩缸的 腔体与蓄能器连通。
以上实施例中， 緩沖装置采用悬架伸缩缸和蓄能器的形成， 本发明并 不局限于此， 緩沖装置还可采用别的形成， 例如緩沖装置可以包括螺旋弹 簧和减振器， 所述减振器套装于所述螺旋弹簧内， 所述曲拐的另一端同时 连接所述螺旋弹簧和减振器， 通过螺旋弹簧和减振器的弹性变形实现平衡 悬架的緩沖功能； 緩沖装置还可仅采用螺旋弹簧的形成， 以上方案均应在 本发明的保护范围内。
本发明还提供了一种车辆， 包括车桥和车架， 所述车桥与车架之间设 有上述的平衡悬架。 由于上述的平衡悬架具有上述技术效果， 具有该平衡 悬架的车辆也应具备相应的技术效果， 在此不再做详细介绍。
以上所述仅是发明的优选实施方式的描述， 应当指出， 由于文字表达 的有限性， 而在客观上存在无限的具体结构， 对于本技术领域的普通技术 人员来说， 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下， 还可以做出若干改进和润饰， 这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 包括曲拐、 緩沖装置； 所述曲拐为折 弯结构，所述曲拐的一端与车桥铰接， 另一端与所述緩沖装置的一端连接， 所述曲拐的折弯处与车架（1 )上的支座铰接。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 所述緩沖装置包括 悬架伸缩缸（ 5 )和蓄能器（ 6 ) , 所述曲拐的另一端与所述悬架伸缩缸（ 5 ) 的一端连接， 所述悬架伸缩缸（5 ) 的腔体与所述蓄能器（6 )连通。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 所述曲拐包括第一 曲拐 （ 41 )、 第二曲拐 （ 42 ), 所述第一曲拐 （ 41 ) 的一端与前车桥（ 22 ) 铰接， 另一端与所述悬架伸缩缸（ 5 )的一端铰接， 所述第一曲拐（ 41 )的 折弯处与车架（ 1 )上的第一支座（ 31 )铰接； 所述第二曲拐（ 42 )的一端 与后车桥（ 21 )铰接， 另一端与所述悬架伸缩缸（ 5 )的另一端铰接； 所述 第二曲拐 （ 42 ) 的折弯处与车架（ 1 )上的第二支座（ 32 )铰接。
4、根据权利要求 2所述的平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 所述曲拐包括第一 曲拐 （41 )、 第二曲拐 （42 ), 所述悬架伸缩缸（5 ) 包括第一悬架伸缩缸、 第二悬架伸缩缸； 所述第一曲拐 （"） 的一端与后车桥 1 )铰接， 另一 端与所述第一悬架伸缩缸的一端铰接， 所述第一曲拐 （41 ) 的折弯处与车 架（ 1 )上的第一支座（ 31 )铰接； 所述第二曲拐（ 42 )的一端与前车桥（ 22 ) 铰接， 另一端与所述第二悬架伸缩缸的一端铰接， 所述第二曲拐 （42 ) 的 折弯处与车架（ 1 )上的第二支座（ 32 )铰接。
5、根据权利要求 2-4任一项上述的平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 所述悬架 伸缩缸（5 ) 为悬架伸缩油缸。
6、根据权利要求 2-4任一项所述的平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 所述悬架 伸缩缸（5 ) 为悬架伸缩气缸。
7、根据权利要求 2-4任一项所述的平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 所述悬架 伸缩缸（ 5 )设置于车架（ 1 )底部。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的平衡装置， 其特征在于， 所述緩沖装置包括 螺旋弹簧和减振器， 所述减振器套装于所述螺旋弹簧内， 所述曲拐的另一 端同时连接所述螺旋弹簧和减振器。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的平衡悬架， 其特征在于， 所述曲拐通过关节 轴承（ 8 ) 与所述车桥铰接。
10、 一种车辆， 包括车桥和车架（1 ), 其特征在于， 所述车桥与车 ( 1 )之间设有权利要求 1-7任一项所述的平衡悬架。
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