WO2012165214A1 - アルミニウム構造体の製造方法およびアルミニウム構造体 - Google Patents
アルミニウム構造体の製造方法およびアルミニウム構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012165214A1 WO2012165214A1 PCT/JP2012/063007 JP2012063007W WO2012165214A1 WO 2012165214 A1 WO2012165214 A1 WO 2012165214A1 JP 2012063007 W JP2012063007 W JP 2012063007W WO 2012165214 A1 WO2012165214 A1 WO 2012165214A1
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- aluminum
- molded body
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- plating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/42—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of light metals
- C25D3/44—Aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/08—Perforated or foraminous objects, e.g. sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
- C25D3/665—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts from ionic liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
- C25D5/56—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces of plastics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum structure that can be suitably used as a porous metal body in applications such as various filters and battery electrodes, and a method for producing the same.
- Metal porous bodies having a three-dimensional network structure are used in various fields such as various filters, catalyst carriers, and battery electrodes.
- cermet made of nickel (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd .: registered trademark) is used as an electrode material for batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries.
- Celmet is a metal porous body having continuous air holes, and has a feature of high porosity (90% or more) compared to other porous bodies such as a metal nonwoven fabric.
- Aluminum is a lightweight material with excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance.
- an aluminum foil whose surface is coated with an active material such as lithium cobaltate is used.
- an active material such as lithium cobaltate
- aluminum is made porous to increase the surface area and the aluminum porous body is filled with an active material. This is because the active material can be used well even if the electrode is thickened, and the active material utilization rate per unit area is improved.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a metal aluminum layer having a thickness of 2 to 20 ⁇ m is formed by subjecting a three-dimensional net-like plastic substrate having an internal communication space to aluminum vapor deposition by an arc ion plating method. A method is described.
- Patent Document 2 a film made of a metal (such as copper) that forms a eutectic alloy below the melting point of aluminum is formed on the skeleton of a foamed resin molding having a three-dimensional network structure, and then an aluminum paste is applied.
- a method is described in which a metal porous body is obtained by performing heat treatment at a temperature of 550 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C. or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to eliminate organic components (foamed resin) and sinter aluminum powder.
- Patent Document 3 uses a low melting point composition in which onium halide and aluminum halide are mixed and melted as a plating bath.
- An electrolytic aluminum plating method is disclosed, in which aluminum is deposited on the cathode while maintaining the amount at 2 wt% or less.
- an aluminum porous body having a thickness of 2 to 20 ⁇ m is obtained.
- it is based on a gas phase method, it is difficult to produce a large area, and the thickness and porosity of the substrate are difficult. In some cases, it is difficult to form a uniform layer up to the inside.
- there are problems such as a slow formation rate of the aluminum layer and an increase in manufacturing cost due to expensive equipment.
- a thick film is formed, there is a possibility that the film may crack or aluminum may fall off.
- a layer that forms a eutectic alloy with aluminum is formed, and a high-purity aluminum layer cannot be formed.
- the electroplating method of aluminum itself is known, it is only possible to perform plating on the metal surface, and electroplating on the resin surface, especially on the surface of the porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure.
- the method of plating was not known. This is considered to be affected by problems such as dissolution of the porous resin in the plating bath.
- the present inventors can form aluminum porous body with high purity by forming a thick film uniformly, even if it is a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure.
- a method that can be performed after making the surface of a resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure such as polyurethane and melamine resin conductive, the inventors have conceived a method for producing an aluminum porous body in which aluminum is plated in a molten salt bath, Already filed.
- Methods for making the surface of the resin molded body conductive include electroless plating of conductive metals such as nickel, adhesion of metals such as aluminum by vapor phase methods (sputtering, vapor deposition, etc.), and conductive particles such as carbon Examples include application of conductive paint. After plating with aluminum, the resin molded body is removed to obtain an aluminum structure mainly composed of aluminum.
- a high-purity aluminum structure can be obtained by conducting with aluminum, but in order to conduct with aluminum, it is necessary to use a vapor phase method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost.
- a conductive paint containing conductive carbon is a relatively simple method and can be manufactured at low cost. Further, no metal other than aluminum such as nickel remains. However, when conducting with conductive carbon, it is difficult to completely remove the conductive carbon in the resin molding removal step after the aluminum plating step, and carbon remains as an impurity in the finished aluminum structure. To do. When the amount of carbon remaining in the aluminum structure increases, the aluminum structure easily breaks starting from the residual carbon, which causes a decrease in strength of the aluminum structure. Residual carbon can also cause poor welding in the battery electrode production process.
- the present invention is a method for producing an aluminum structure using a resin molded body, particularly a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure, and a method capable of producing an aluminum structure with less impurities, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of obtaining an aluminum structure that can be manufactured in a large area and is particularly suitable for electrode applications.
- the present invention provides a conductive step of applying a conductive paint containing conductive carbon to the surface of a resin molded body to make the resin molded body conductive, and the surface of the resin molded body that has been made conductive is in a molten salt.
- a method for producing an aluminum structure comprising: a plating step of plating aluminum to form an aluminum layer; and a heat treatment step of removing the resin molded body by heat treatment, wherein the conductive carbon has an average particle size of 0.1.
- a method for producing an aluminum structure wherein the carbon black is 003 ⁇ m or more and 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- graphite having an average particle size of about 1.5 ⁇ m has been used as the conductive carbon for conducting the resin molding in the production of nickel cermet and the like.
- the resin molded body is removed in a high-temperature atmosphere of about 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. in the atmosphere, and further reduced at 1000 ° C.
- the conductive carbon can be decomposed and removed well.
- the melting point of aluminum is 660 ° C., and it is necessary to remove the resin molded body below this temperature.
- aluminum is easy to oxidize, and once oxidized, it cannot be reduced at a temperature below the melting point.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably low.
- the average particle diameter is 0.003 ⁇ m or more and 0.05 ⁇ m or less, and there is no crystallinity and amorphous conductive carbon black. It was found that the use of can remove the carbon satisfactorily even in the treatment at a relatively low temperature, and an aluminum structure with a small amount of carbon residue can be obtained.
- the heat treatment step is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen at a temperature of 500 ° C. to 640 ° C.
- a temperature exceeds 640 ° C.
- the oxidation of aluminum is likely to proceed, and the current collecting characteristics are deteriorated when used as an electrode material for a battery.
- the temperature is lower than 500 ° C.
- the residual amount of conductive carbon increases.
- a more preferable heat treatment temperature is 580 ° C. or more and 620 ° C. or less.
- the heat treatment step is performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen, the conductive carbon can be removed in a short time.
- a resin molded body having a complicated skeleton structure such as a porous resin molded body having a three-dimensional network structure
- an aluminum structure having a high porosity can be obtained, which can be suitably used for electrode applications.
- a porous resin molded body having a high porosity can be obtained, and polyurethane that can be satisfactorily decomposed in the heat treatment step is preferable as the resin molded body.
- the aluminum structure is obtained by the above process.
- the aluminum structure has high purity, and the carbon content can be 2% by weight or less.
- the carbon content in the aluminum structure can be measured by a high frequency combustion infrared absorption method using a high frequency induction heating furnace.
- the method which can form the aluminum structure with few amounts of impurities using the resin molding, especially the porous resin molding which has a three-dimensional network structure, and an aluminum structure are provided. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing a manufacturing process of an aluminum structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a state in which an aluminum structure is formed using a resin molded body as a core material corresponding to the flowchart. The flow of the entire manufacturing process will be described with reference to both drawings.
- preparation 101 of a resin molded body to be a base is performed.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged schematic view in which the surface of a foamed resin molded body having continuous air holes is enlarged as an example of a resin molded body serving as a base. The pores are formed with the foamed resin molded body 1 as a skeleton.
- the surface 102 of the resin molded body is made conductive.
- a thin conductive layer 2 is formed on the surface of the resin molded body 1 as shown in FIG.
- aluminum plating 103 in molten salt is performed to form an aluminum plating layer 3 on the surface of the resin molded body on which the conductive layer is formed (FIG. 2C).
- an aluminum-coated resin molded body having the aluminum molded layer 3 formed on the surface using the resin molded body as a base is obtained.
- removal 104 of the resin molded body is performed.
- an aluminum structure (porous body) in which only the metal layer remains can be obtained (FIG. 2 (d)).
- a foamed resin molded body made of polyurethane having a three-dimensional network structure and continuous air holes is prepared.
- a resin molded body having an arbitrary shape can be selected as long as it has continuous pores (continuous vent holes).
- the foamed resin molded article preferably has a porosity of 80% to 98% and a pore diameter of 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- Foamed urethane has a high porosity, and has a pore communication property and is excellent in the uniformity of the pores, so that it can be preferably used as a foamed resin molding.
- Foamed resin moldings often have residues such as foaming agents and unreacted monomers in the foam production process, and it is preferable to perform a washing treatment for the subsequent steps.
- a foamed resin molded article a foamed urethane washed is shown in FIG.
- the resin molded body forms a three-dimensional network as a skeleton, thereby forming continuous pores as a whole.
- the urethane skeleton has a substantially triangular shape in a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction.
- the porosity is defined by the following equation.
- the conductive paint is a suspension containing conductive carbon, a binder, a dispersant and a dispersion medium.
- the suspension In order to uniformly apply the conductive particles, the suspension needs to maintain a uniform suspension state. For this reason, the suspension is preferably maintained at 20 ° C to 40 ° C. The reason is that when the temperature of the suspension is lower than 20 ° C., the uniform suspension state is lost, and only the binder is concentrated on the surface of the skeleton forming the belt-like structure of the resin molded body to form a layer. .
- the applied carbon particle layer is easy to peel off, and it is difficult to form a metal plating that is firmly adhered.
- the temperature of the suspension exceeds 40 ° C.
- the evaporation amount of the dispersion medium is large, and the suspension is concentrated as the coating treatment time elapses, and the coating amount of carbon tends to fluctuate.
- Carbon black which is amorphous carbon, is used as the conductive carbon.
- the average particle size of the conductive carbon is 0.003 ⁇ m or more and 0.05 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 0.02 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle size is too large, the decomposability in the heat treatment process is lowered. On the other hand, if the average particle size is too small, it is difficult to ensure sufficient conductivity. In addition, let an average particle diameter be the value computed from the specific surface area measured using the specific surface area measuring apparatus.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a processing apparatus for conducting a band-shaped porous resin molded body serving as a skeleton as an example of a practical manufacturing process.
- this apparatus includes a supply bobbin 12 for supplying a belt-shaped resin 11, a tank 15 containing a conductive paint suspension 14, a pair of squeezing rolls 17 disposed above the tank 15, A plurality of hot air nozzles 16 provided to face the side of the belt-shaped resin 11 to be wound, and a winding bobbin 18 that winds up the belt-shaped resin 11 after processing.
- a deflector roll 13 for guiding the belt-shaped resin 11 is appropriately disposed.
- the strip-shaped resin 11 having a three-dimensional network structure is unwound from the supply bobbin 12, guided by the deflector roll 13, and immersed in the suspension in the tank 15.
- the strip-shaped resin 11 immersed in the suspension 14 in the tank 15 changes its direction upward and travels between the squeeze rolls 17 above the liquid level of the suspension 14. At this time, the distance between the squeezing rolls 17 is smaller than the thickness of the belt-shaped resin 11, and the belt-shaped resin 11 is compressed. Therefore, the excess suspension impregnated in the belt-shaped resin 11 is squeezed out and returned to the tank 15.
- the strip-shaped resin 11 changes the traveling direction again.
- the suspension dispersion medium and the like are removed by hot air jetted by the hot air nozzle 16 composed of a plurality of nozzles, and the belt-like resin 11 is wound around the winding bobbin 18 after sufficiently drying.
- the temperature of the hot air ejected from the hot air nozzle 16 is preferably in the range of 40 ° C to 80 ° C.
- Formation of aluminum layer molten salt plating
- electrolytic plating is performed in a molten salt to form an aluminum plating layer 3 on the surface of the resin molded body.
- a direct current is applied in a molten salt using a resin molded body having a conductive surface as a cathode and an aluminum plate having a purity of 99.99% as an anode.
- the thickness of the aluminum plating layer is 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- an organic molten salt that is a eutectic salt of an organic halide and an aluminum halide, or an inorganic molten salt that is a eutectic salt of an alkali metal halide and an aluminum halide can be used.
- Use of an organic molten salt bath that melts at a relatively low temperature is preferable because plating can be performed without decomposing the resin molded body as a substrate.
- the organic halide imidazolium salt, pyridinium salt and the like can be used. Of these, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and butylpyridinium chloride (BPC) are preferable.
- imidazolium salts salts containing imidazolium cation having alkyl groups is preferably used in the 1,3-position, in particular aluminum chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl 3 -EMIC) based molten salt, It is most preferably used because it is highly stable and hardly decomposes.
- AlCl 3 -EMIC 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- the plating is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon and in a sealed environment.
- an EMIC bath is used as the organic molten salt bath
- the temperature of the plating bath is 10 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably 25 ° C. to 45 ° C.
- an organic solvent is particularly preferably used as the organic solvent. Addition of an organic solvent, particularly xylene, can provide effects peculiar to the formation of an aluminum porous body. That is, the first feature that the aluminum skeleton forming the porous body is not easily broken and the second feature that uniform plating with a small difference in plating thickness between the surface portion and the inside of the porous body can be obtained. .
- the first feature is that by adding an organic solvent, the plating on the surface of the skeleton is improved from a granular shape (large irregularities look like particles in surface observation) to a flat shape, so that the thin skeleton is thin and strong. It will be.
- the second feature is that by adding an organic solvent to the molten salt bath, the viscosity of the molten salt bath is lowered, and the plating bath can easily flow into the fine network structure. In other words, when the viscosity is high, a new plating bath is easily supplied to the surface of the porous body, and conversely, it is difficult to supply the inside of the porous body. Thickness plating can be performed.
- the amount of the organic solvent added to the plating bath is preferably 25 to 57 mol%. If it is 25 mol% or less, it is difficult to obtain the effect of reducing the difference in thickness between the surface layer and the inside. If it is 57 mol% or more, the plating bath becomes unstable, and the plating solution and xylene are partially separated.
- the method further includes a cleaning step using the organic solvent as a cleaning liquid after the step of plating with the molten salt bath to which the organic solvent is added.
- the plated resin surface needs to be washed to wash away the plating bath.
- Such cleaning after plating is usually performed with water. However, it is essential to avoid moisture in the imidazolium salt bath. However, if washing is performed with water, water is brought into the plating solution in the form of water vapor. Therefore, we want to avoid washing with water in order to prevent adverse effects on plating. Therefore, cleaning with an organic solvent is effective. Further, when an organic solvent is added to the plating bath as described above, a further advantageous effect can be obtained by washing with the organic solvent added to the plating bath.
- the washed plating solution can be collected and reused relatively easily, and the cost can be reduced.
- a plated body formed with a bath in which xylene is added to molten salt AlCl 3 -EMIC is washed with xylene.
- the washed liquid becomes a liquid containing more xylene than the plating bath used.
- the molten salt AlCl 3 -EMIC is not mixed with a certain amount or more in xylene, and is separated from the molten salt AlCl 3 -EMIC containing xylene on the upper side and about 57 mol% of xylene on the lower side.
- the molten liquid can be recovered by pumping the liquid.
- the boiling point of xylene is as low as 144 ° C., it is possible to adjust the xylene concentration in the recovered molten salt to the concentration in the plating solution and reuse it by applying heat.
- cleaning with an organic solvent further washing
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of an apparatus for continuously performing metal plating treatment on a belt-shaped resin.
- a configuration in which the belt-like resin 22 whose surface is made conductive is sent from the left to the right in the figure.
- the first plating tank 21 a includes a cylindrical electrode 24, a positive electrode 25 provided on the inner wall of the container, and a plating bath 23. By passing the strip-shaped resin 22 along the cylindrical electrode 24 through the plating bath 23, current can easily flow uniformly throughout the resin, and uniform plating can be obtained.
- the second plating tank 21b is a tank for applying a thicker and more uniform plating, and is configured to be repeatedly plated in a plurality of tanks.
- Plating is performed by passing the belt-like resin 22 having a thin metal layer on the surface through a plating bath 28 while sequentially feeding the belt-like resin 22 by an electrode roller 26 that also serves as a feeding roller and a negative electrode outside the tank.
- an electrode roller 26 that also serves as a feeding roller and a negative electrode outside the tank.
- the aluminum covering resin molding which has a resin molding as a core of a skeleton by the above process is obtained.
- the resin molded body is removed.
- the aluminum-coated resin molded body is heat-treated at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher and 640 ° C. or lower to decompose the resin molded body and conductive carbon.
- heat treatment is performed in the presence of oxygen, the urethane decomposition reaction easily proceeds, and the conductive carbon can be decomposed well. It is preferable to perform the heat treatment while flowing the gas because the decomposition products are efficiently removed.
- LiNiO 2 lithium cobaltate
- LiMn 2 O 4 lithium manganate
- LiNiO 2 lithium nickelate
- the active material is used in combination with a conductive additive and a binder.
- Conventional positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries have an active material coated on the surface of an aluminum foil. In order to improve the battery capacity per unit area, the coating thickness of the active material is increased.
- the aluminum foil and the active material need to be in electrical contact with each other, so that the active material is used in combination with a conductive additive.
- the aluminum structure of the present invention has a high porosity and a large surface area per unit area. Therefore, even when an active material is thinly supported on the surface of the aluminum structure, the active material can be used effectively, the capacity of the battery can be improved, and the mixing amount of the conductive assistant can be reduced.
- a lithium ion battery uses the above positive electrode material as a positive electrode, graphite as the negative electrode, and organic electrolyte as the electrolyte. Since such a lithium ion battery can improve capacity even with a small electrode area, the energy density of the battery can be made higher than that of a conventional lithium ion battery.
- the aluminum structure can also be used as an electrode material for a molten salt battery.
- a metal compound capable of intercalating cations of a molten salt serving as an electrolyte such as sodium chromate (NaCrO 2 ) and titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ), is used as an active material.
- the active material is used in combination with a conductive additive and a binder.
- a conductive assistant acetylene black or the like can be used.
- acetylene black or the like can be used as the binder.
- polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like can be used.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the aluminum structure can also be used as a negative electrode material for molten salt batteries.
- an aluminum porous body sodium alone, an alloy of sodium and another metal, carbon, or the like can be used as an active material.
- the melting point of sodium is about 98 ° C., and the metal softens as the temperature rises. Therefore, it is preferable to alloy sodium with other metals (Si, Sn, In, etc.). Of these, an alloy of sodium and Sn is particularly preferable because it is easy to handle.
- Sodium or a sodium alloy can be supported on the surface of the porous aluminum body by a method such as electrolytic plating or hot dipping.
- a metal such as Si
- a sodium alloy can be obtained by charging in a molten salt battery.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a molten salt battery using the battery electrode material.
- the molten salt battery includes a positive electrode 121 carrying a positive electrode active material on the surface of an aluminum skeleton part of an aluminum structure, a negative electrode 122 carrying a negative electrode active material on the surface of the aluminum skeleton part of the aluminum structure, and an electrolyte.
- a separator 123 impregnated with a molten salt is housed in a case 127.
- a pressing member 126 including a pressing plate 124 and a spring 125 that presses the pressing plate is disposed.
- the current collector (aluminum porous body) of the positive electrode 121 and the current collector (aluminum porous body) of the negative electrode 122 are connected to the positive electrode terminal 128 and the negative electrode terminal 129 by lead wires 130, respectively.
- molten salt As the electrolyte, various inorganic salts or organic salts that melt at the operating temperature can be used.
- alkali metals such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca)
- strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) can be used.
- the operating temperature of the battery can be reduced to 90 ° C. or less.
- a separator is for preventing a positive electrode and a negative electrode from contacting, and a glass nonwoven fabric, a porous resin, etc. can be used.
- the above positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator impregnated with molten salt are stacked and housed in a case to be used as a battery.
- the aluminum structure can also be used as an electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor.
- activated carbon or the like is used as an electrode active material.
- Activated carbon is used in combination with a conductive aid and a binder.
- a conductive aid graphite, carbon nanotube, etc. can be used.
- the binder polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), styrene butadiene rubber or the like can be used.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an electric double layer capacitor using the above electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor.
- an electrode material in which an electrode active material is supported on an aluminum structure is disposed as a polarizable electrode 141.
- the polarizable electrode 141 is connected to the lead wire 144 and is entirely housed in the case 145.
- an aluminum porous body as a current collector, the surface area of the current collector is increased, and an electric double layer capacitor capable of high output and high capacity can be obtained even when activated carbon as an active material is thinly applied. .
- the foamed resin molded body is used as the resin molded body.
- the present invention is not limited to the foamed resin molded body, and an arbitrary-shaped aluminum structure can be obtained by using a resin molded body having an arbitrary shape. Obtainable.
- urethane foam having a thickness of 1 mm, a porosity of 95%, and a pore number of about 20 per 1 cm was prepared and cut into 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm squares.
- a conductive layer having carbon particles attached to the entire surface was formed.
- the components of the suspension include 80% by weight of conductive carbon black having an average particle size of 0.01 ⁇ m, and include a resin binder as a binder, a penetrating agent, an antifoaming agent, and a dispersion medium.
- urethane foam having a thickness of 1 mm, a porosity of 95%, and a pore number of about 20 per 1 cm was prepared and cut into 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm squares.
- a conductive layer having carbon particles attached to the entire surface was formed.
- the components of the suspension include 80% by weight of graphite having an average particle size of 1.5 ⁇ m, and include a resin binder as a binder, a penetrating agent, an antifoaming agent, and a dispersion medium.
- urethane foam having a thickness of 1 mm, a porosity of 95%, and a pore number of about 20 per 1 cm was prepared and cut into 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm squares.
- a conductive layer having carbon particles attached to the entire surface was formed.
- the components of the suspension include 80% by weight of graphite having an average particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m, and include a resin binder as a binder, a penetrating agent, an antifoaming agent, and a dispersion medium.
- Example 1 (Disassembly of foamed resin molding)
- the foamed resin molded body on which the aluminum plating layer was formed was heat-treated at a temperature of 600 ° C. in the air atmosphere for 30 minutes to obtain the aluminum structures of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
- the carbon residual amount was measured by the high frequency combustion infrared absorption method.
- the carbon residual amount of the aluminum structure of Example 1 was as low as 1.3% by weight (2.0 g / m 2 )
- the carbon residual amount of Comparative Example 1 was 5.5% by weight (8.2 g / m 2).
- the carbon residual amount of Comparative Example 2 was 3.0% by weight (4.5 g / m 2 ).
- the above description includes the following other embodiments.
- (Other embodiment 1) An electrode material in which an active material is supported on the aluminum surface of an aluminum structure obtained by the present invention.
- (Other embodiment 2) The battery which used the electrode material of other Embodiment 1 for one or both of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- (Other embodiment 3) An electric double layer capacitor using the electrode material according to the other embodiment 1 as an electrode.
- the filtration filter which consists of an aluminum structure obtained by this invention.
- (Other embodiment 5) A catalyst carrier having a catalyst supported on the surface of an aluminum structure obtained by the present invention.
- the characteristics of aluminum can be utilized in, for example, electric materials such as battery electrodes, filters for various filtrations, catalyst carriers, and the like. Can be widely applied to.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明によるアルミニウム構造体の製造工程を示すフロー図である。また図2は、フロー図に対応して樹脂成形体を芯材としてアルミニウム構造体を形成する様子を模式的に示したものである。両図を参照して製造工程全体の流れを説明する。まず基体となる樹脂成形体の準備101を行う。図2(a)は、基体となる樹脂成形体の例として、連通気孔を有する発泡樹脂成形体の表面を拡大視した拡大模式図である。発泡樹脂成形体1を骨格として気孔が形成されている。次に樹脂成形体表面の導電化102を行う。この工程により、図2(b)に示すように樹脂成形体1の表面には薄く導電層2が形成される。続いて溶融塩中でのアルミニウムめっき103を行い、導電層が形成された樹脂成形体の表面にアルミニウムめっき層3を形成する(図2(c))。これで、樹脂成形体を基体として表面にアルミニウムめっき層3が形成されたアルミニウム被覆樹脂成形体が得られる。その後、樹脂成形体の除去104を行う。アルミニウム被覆樹脂成形体を熱処理して発泡樹脂成形体1を分解して除去することにより金属層のみが残ったアルミニウム構造体(多孔体)を得ることができる(図2(d))。以下各工程について順を追って説明する。
三次元網目構造を有し連通気孔を有する、ポリウレタンからなる発泡樹脂成形体を準備する。連続した気孔(連通気孔)を有するものであれば任意の形状の樹脂成形体を選択できる。例えば繊維状の樹脂を絡めて不織布のような形状を有するものも発泡樹脂成形体に代えて使用可能である。発泡樹脂成形体の気孔率は80%~98%、気孔径は50μm~500μmとするのが好ましい。発泡ウレタンは気孔率が高く、また気孔の連通性があるとともに気孔の均一性にも優れているため発泡樹脂成形体として好ましく使用できる。
気孔率=(1-(多孔質材の重量[g]/(多孔質材の体積[cm3]×素材密度)))×100[%]
また、気孔径は、樹脂成形体表面を顕微鏡写真等で拡大し、1インチ(25.4mm)あたりのセル数を計数して、平均孔径=25.4mm/セル数として平均的な値を求める。
平均粒径0.003μm以上0.05μm以下のカーボンブラックを導電性カーボンとして用いた導電性塗料を準備する。導電性塗料は導電性カーボン、粘結剤、分散剤及び分散媒を含む懸濁液とする。導電性粒子の塗布を均一に行うためには懸濁液が均一な懸濁状態を維持している必要がある。このため懸濁液は20℃~40℃に維持されていることが好ましい。その理由は、懸濁液の温度が20℃未満になると均一な懸濁状態が崩れ、樹脂成形体の帯状構造をなす骨格の表面に粘結剤のみが集中して層を形成するからである。この場合、塗布されたカーボン粒子の層は剥離しやすく、強固に密着した金属めっきを形成し難い。一方、懸濁液の温度が40℃を超えると分散媒の蒸発量が大きく、塗布処理時間の経過と共に懸濁液が濃縮されてカーボンの塗布量が変動しやすい。
次に溶融塩中で電解めっきを行い、樹脂成形体表面にアルミニウムめっき層3を形成する。表面が導電化された樹脂成形体を陰極、純度99.99%のアルミニウム板を陽極として溶融塩中で直流電流を印加する。アルミニウムめっき層の厚みは1μm~100μm、好ましくは5μm~20μmである。溶融塩としては、有機系ハロゲン化物とアルミニウムハロゲン化物の共晶塩である有機溶融塩、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物とアルミニウムハロゲン化物の共晶塩である無機溶融塩を使用することができる。比較的低温で溶融する有機溶融塩浴を使用すると、基体である樹脂成形体を分解することなくめっきができ好ましい。有機系ハロゲン化物としてはイミダゾリウム塩、ピリジニウム塩等が使用できる。なかでも1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライド(EMIC)、ブチルピリジニウムクロライド(BPC)が好ましい。イミダゾリウム塩として、1,3位にアルキル基を持つイミダゾリウムカチオンを含む塩が好ましく用いられ、特に塩化アルミニウム、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライド(AlCl3-EMIC)系溶融塩が、安定性が高く分解し難いことから最も好ましく用いられる。
以上の工程により骨格の芯として樹脂成形体を有するアルミニウム被覆樹脂成形体が得られる。次に樹脂成形体の除去を行う。アルミニウム被覆樹脂成形体を500℃以上640℃以下の温度で熱処理して、樹脂成形体及び導電性カーボンを分解する。酸素存在下で熱処理するとウレタン分解反応が進行しやすく、また導電性カーボンも良好に分解可能となる。ガスを流しながら熱処理を行うと分解物が効率良く除去されるので好ましい。
次にアルミニウム構造体を用いた電池用電極材料及び電池について説明する。例えばリチウムイオン電池の正極に使用する場合は、活物質としてコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)等を使用する。活物質は導電助剤及びバインダーと組み合わせて使用する。従来のリチウムイオン電池用正極材料はアルミニウム箔の表面に活物質を塗布している。単位面積当たりの電池容量を向上するために、活物質の塗布厚みを厚くしている。また活物質を有効に利用するためにはアルミニウム箔と活物質とが電気的に接触している必要があるので活物質は導電助剤と混合して用いられている。これに対し、本発明のアルミニウム構造体は気孔率が高く単位面積当たりの表面積が大きい。よってアルミニウム構造体の表面に薄く活物質を担持させても活物質を有効に利用でき、電池の容量を向上できるとともに、導電助剤の混合量を少なくすることができる。リチウムイオン電池は、上記の正極材料を正極とし、負極には黒鉛、電解質には有機電解液を使用する。このようなリチウムイオン電池は、小さい電極面積でも容量を向上できるため、従来のリチウムイオン電池よりも電池のエネルギー密度を高くすることができる。
アルミニウム構造体は、溶融塩電池用の電極材料として使用することもできる。アルミニウム多孔体を正極材料として使用する場合は、活物質としてクロム酸ナトリウム(NaCrO2)、二硫化チタン(TiS2)等、電解質となる溶融塩のカチオンをインターカレーションすることができる金属化合物を使用する。活物質は導電助剤及びバインダーと組み合わせて使用する。導電助剤としてはアセチレンブラック等が使用できる。またバインダーとしてはポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)等を使用できる。活物質としてクロム酸ナトリウムを使用し、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラックを使用する場合には、PTFEはこの両者をより強固に固着することができ好ましい。
アルミニウム構造体は、電気二重層コンデンサ用の電極材料として使用することもできる。アルミニウム構造体を電気二重層コンデンサ用の電極材料として使用する場合は、電極活物質として活性炭等を使用する。活性炭は導電助剤やバインダーと組み合わせて使用する。導電助剤としては黒鉛、カーボンナノチューブ等が使用できる。またバインダーとしてはポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、スチレンブタジエンゴム等を使用できる。
以下アルミニウム構造体の製造例を具体的に説明する。発泡樹脂成形体として、厚み1mm、気孔率95%、1cm当たりの気孔数約20個の発泡ウレタンを準備し、15mm×15mm角に切断した。発泡ウレタンをカーボン懸濁液に浸漬し乾燥することで、表面全体にカーボン粒子が付着した導電層を形成した。懸濁液の成分は平均粒径0.01μmの導電性カーボンブラックを80重量%含み、粘結剤としての樹脂バインダー、浸透剤、消泡剤、及び分散媒を含む。
発泡樹脂成形体として、厚み1mm、気孔率95%、1cm当たりの気孔数約20個の発泡ウレタンを準備し、15mm×15mm角に切断した。発泡ウレタンをカーボン懸濁液に浸漬し乾燥することで、表面全体にカーボン粒子が付着した導電層を形成した。懸濁液の成分は平均粒径1.5μmのグラファイトを80重量%含み、粘結剤としての樹脂バインダー、浸透剤、消泡剤、及び分散媒を含む。
発泡樹脂成形体として、厚み1mm、気孔率95%、1cm当たりの気孔数約20個の発泡ウレタンを準備し、15mm×15mm角に切断した。発泡ウレタンをカーボン懸濁液に浸漬し乾燥することで、表面全体にカーボン粒子が付着した導電層を形成した。懸濁液の成分は平均粒径1.0μmのグラファイトを80重量%含み、粘結剤としての樹脂バインダー、浸透剤、消泡剤、及び分散媒を含む。
実施例1及び比較例1、比較例2で製造した、表面に導電層を形成した発泡ウレタンを給電機能を有する治具にセットした後、温度40℃の溶融塩アルミめっき浴(67mol%AlCl3-33mol%EMIC)に浸漬した。発泡ウレタンをセットした治具を整流器の陰極側に接続し、対極のアルミニウム板(純度99.99%)を陽極側に接続した。電流密度3.6A/dm2で90分間めっきした。ここで、電流密度の算出には発泡ウレタンの見かけの面積で計算した値である。この結果、150g/m2の重量のアルミニウムめっき層を形成することができた。
アルミニウムめっき層を形成した発泡樹脂成形体を、大気雰囲気中温度600℃で30分間熱処理し、実施例1、比較例1、比較例2のアルミニウム構造体を得た。それぞれのアルミニウム構造体について、高周波燃焼赤外線吸収法でカーボン残留量を測定した。実施例1のアルミニウム構造体のカーボン残留量は1.3重量%(2.0g/m2)と少なかったが、比較例1のカーボン残留量は5.5重量%(8.2g/m2)、比較例2のカーボン残留量は3.0重量%(4.5g/m2)であった。
(その他の実施態様1)
本発明により得られるアルミニウム構造体のアルミニウム表面に活物質が担持された電極材料。
(その他の実施態様2)
その他の実施態様1に記載の電極材料を正極、負極の一方又は両方に用いた電池。
(その他の実施態様3)
その他の実施態様1に記載の電極材料を電極として用いた電気二重層コンデンサ。
(その他の実施態様4)
本発明により得られるアルミニウム構造体からなる濾過フィルタ。
(その他の実施態様5)
本発明により得られるアルミニウム構造体の表面に触媒が担持された触媒担体。
11 帯状樹脂 12 サプライボビン 13 デフレクタロール
14 懸濁液 15 槽 16 熱風ノズル 17 絞りロール
18 巻取りボビン
21a,21b めっき槽 22 帯状樹脂
23,28 めっき浴 24 円筒状電極
25,27 正電極 26 電極ローラ
121 正極 122 負極 123 セパレータ 124 押え板
125 バネ 126 押圧部材 127 ケース 128 正極端子
129 負極端子 130 リード線
141 分極性電極 142 セパレータ 143 有機電解液
144 リード線 145 ケース
Claims (6)
- 導電性カーボンを含有する導電性塗料を樹脂成形体の表面に塗布して前記樹脂成形体を導電化する導電化工程、
導電化された前記樹脂成形体の表面に、溶融塩中でアルミニウムをめっきしてアルミニウム層を形成するめっき工程、
熱処理して前記樹脂成形体を除去する熱処理工程、を有するアルミニウム構造体の製造方法であって、
前記導電性カーボンが、平均粒径0.003μm以上0.05μm以下のカーボンブラックであることを特徴とするアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。 - 前記熱処理工程は、温度500℃以上640℃以下で酸素を含む雰囲気下で行われる、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記樹脂成形体は三次元網目構造を有する多孔質樹脂成形体である、請求項1又は2に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 前記樹脂成形体がポリウレタンからなることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のアルミニウム構造体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造されたアルミニウム構造体。
- カーボン含有量が2重量%以下である、請求項5に記載のアルミニウム構造体。
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| DE112012002350.1T DE112012002350T5 (de) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-05-22 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Aluminiumstruktur und Aluminiumstruktur |
| CN201280026568.XA CN103582721B (zh) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-05-22 | 铝结构体的制造方法和铝结构体 |
| KR1020137023605A KR20140018896A (ko) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-05-22 | 알루미늄 구조체의 제조 방법 및 알루미늄 구조체 |
| US13/648,680 US20130121873A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-10-10 | Method for producing aluminum structure and aluminum structure |
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| CN105940126A (zh) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-09-14 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 导电树脂成型体、结构、铝多孔体、制造铝多孔体的方法、集电体、电极、非水双电层电容器和锂离子电容器 |
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| JP2015137378A (ja) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | アルミニウム膜の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| WO2017183697A1 (ja) | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | 株式会社カネカ | 放射性同位元素製造用の支持基板、放射性同位元素製造用ターゲット板、及び支持基板の製造方法 |
| US11261533B2 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2022-03-01 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Aluminum plating at low temperature with high efficiency |
| US11459666B2 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2022-10-04 | Sumitomo Electric Toyama Co., Ltd. | Method for producing metal porous body, and plating apparatus |
| WO2019116633A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-20 | 富山住友電工株式会社 | 金属多孔体の製造方法、及びめっき処理装置 |
| US20210025068A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2021-01-28 | Sumitomo Electric Toyama Co., Ltd. | Method for producing metal porous body, and plating apparatus |
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| JP2010232171A (ja) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-10-14 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | アルミニウム多孔質材およびその製造方法、アルミニウム多孔質材を電極集電体として用いた蓄電デバイス |
| WO2011132538A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | アルミニウム構造体の製造方法およびアルミニウム構造体 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105940126A (zh) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-09-14 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 导电树脂成型体、结构、铝多孔体、制造铝多孔体的方法、集电体、电极、非水双电层电容器和锂离子电容器 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2012251211A (ja) | 2012-12-20 |
| US20130121873A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
| DE112012002350T5 (de) | 2014-02-20 |
| JP5648588B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
| CN103582721B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
| KR20140018896A (ko) | 2014-02-13 |
| CN103582721A (zh) | 2014-02-12 |
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