WO2012164194A1 - Composition d'une cellule photovoltaïque organique d'un module photovoltaïque - Google Patents
Composition d'une cellule photovoltaïque organique d'un module photovoltaïque Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012164194A1 WO2012164194A1 PCT/FR2012/051102 FR2012051102W WO2012164194A1 WO 2012164194 A1 WO2012164194 A1 WO 2012164194A1 FR 2012051102 W FR2012051102 W FR 2012051102W WO 2012164194 A1 WO2012164194 A1 WO 2012164194A1
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- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- -1 poly (3-hexyl Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/12—Copolymers
- C08G2261/126—Copolymers block
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/141—Side-chains having aliphatic units
- C08G2261/1412—Saturated aliphatic units
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
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- C08G2261/417—Organometallic coupling reactions magnesium-based, e.g. Grignard or McCullough reactions
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/70—Post-treatment
- C08G2261/74—Further polymerisation of the obtained polymers, e.g. living polymerisation to obtain block-copolymers
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/90—Applications
- C08G2261/91—Photovoltaic applications
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- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
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- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
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- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
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- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to an active layer composition of organic photovoltaic cells of a photo voltaic module having optimum properties for this application.
- the present invention also relates to the use of such a composition in organic photovoltaic cells of a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic module comprising such photovoltaic cells.
- a photovoltaic module includes a "photovoltaic cell", this cell being capable of transforming light energy into electricity.
- a photovoltaic cell conventionally comprises a plurality of cells, each cell containing a photovoltaic sensor in contact with electron collectors placed above (upper collectors) and below (lower collectors) of the photovoltaic collector.
- the photovoltaic cell When the photovoltaic cell is placed under a light source, it delivers a continuous electric current, which can be recovered at the terminals of the battery.
- organic photovoltaic cells are also known, that is to say that the photovoltaic cells are composed of organic materials, for example polymers forming the "active layer". Like inorganic photovoltaic cells, these organic photovoltaic cells absorb photons, with linked electron-hole pairs (excitons) being generated and contributing to the photocurrent.
- the photovoltaic cell has two parts (hereinafter called “materials”), one with an excess of electrons (Electron donor material) and the other a lack of electrons (electron acceptor material), said respectively doped n-type and p-type doped.
- the organic photovoltaic cell is cheaper, recyclable and extends the offer to flexible products or various conformations (for example building tiles), giving access to markets inaccessible to conventional technologies, notably by their integration into systems multifunctional. Nevertheless, organic photovoltaic cells have so far suffered from a very low level of overall efficiency since the efficiency of such photovoltaic cells remains conveniently much less than 5%. Moreover, at present, the lifespan of photovoltaic cells is very limited.
- an organic photovoltaic cell is composed of an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material.
- an electron donor material is composed of an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material.
- a major technical problem arises with regard to the control of the mixing morphology of the electron donor and acceptor materials.
- the strategy is to play on the annealing conditions to obtain the desired morphology.
- This annealing step of heating the active layer for several minutes at temperatures above about 100 ° C is a near-necessary step to obtain the correct structure.
- the annealing step has the first disadvantage of being time-consuming, and therefore expensive, but also constitutes a limitation to the use of flexible substrates (PET type) which can not withstand too long thermal exposures or risk having their properties mechanical decrease.
- the present invention intends to remedy the problems of photovoltaic modules of the prior art by proposing an active layer composition of an organic cell comprising a linear architecture copolymer of a particular type.
- the present invention relates to a composition of an active layer of an organic photovoltaic cell comprising:
- an electron donor material consisting of a conjugated polymer
- Each block having a molar mass of between 500 g / mol and 50000 g / mol;
- linear structure means that the polymer blocks forming the above copolymer extend into a continuous chain of polymers having only two ends, as opposed to a three-dimensional structure having at least three ends.
- different chemical nature is understood to mean that the compounds or elements do not belong to the same chemical family within the general set of thermoplastic polymers.
- those skilled in the art distinguish in particular the following chemical natures: polyamides, polyamide-imides, saturated polyesters, polycarbonates, polyolefms (low and high density), carbonate polyesters, polyether ketones, carbonate polyesters, polyimides, polyketones, aromatic polyethers, etc.
- the copolymer according to the invention acts as a surfactant (minimization of the energy difference existing between the donor and electron acceptor materials) which is particularly advantageous by reducing the size of the domains in each of the two materials, which makes the set of the active layer more stable and gives better performance.
- the aforesaid copolymer comprises a single block consisting of a conjugated polymer
- the conjugated polymer forming the electron donor material and / or the aforesaid single block consisting of a conjugated polymer of the block copolymer consists of poly- (3-hexylthiophene);
- the electron acceptor material consists of at least one fullerene, preferably methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6i-butanoate (PCBM);
- At least one of the blocks of the above-mentioned copolymer consists of a polystyrene
- At least one of the blocks of the above-mentioned copolymer consists of an alkyl polyacrylate, preferably poly (n-butyl acrylate), or a polyisoprene;
- At least one of the blocks of the aforementioned copolymer has a Tg lower than 0 ° C., preferably between -120 ° C. and -50 ° C .;
- the block copolymer consists of poly (3-hexylthiophene-6-isoprene), poly (3-hexylthiophene-6-styrene) or poly (styrene-6-isoprene).
- the invention relates to the use of the composition as described above in organic photovoltaic cells of a photovoltaic module.
- the invention also relates to a photovoltaic module having at least one encapsulating layer comprising a photovoltaic cell, consisting of a plurality of organic photovoltaic cells each comprising an active layer, capable of generating electrical energy, and a layer forming a "backsheet" or back panel, the composition of said active layer is as described above.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the photovoltaic efficiency (PCE) as a function of the copolymer mass fraction in the active layer for two different examples of linear block copolymers
- FIG. 2 illustrates the normalized photovoltaic efficiency (standardized PCE) as a function of the illumination time
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a solar cell, the active layer consisting of a mixture of a donor material and an electron acceptor material; this diagram represents a type of cell tested in the context of this invention, in no case the invention is limited to this type of cell, which is just an example of embodiment, and that we can apply the invention to all other types of cells, in particular cells of structure reversed with respect to this one.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an interface between the two materials of the active layer, stabilized by the block copolymer, this assembly constituting the active layer according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the evolution of the photovoltaic efficiency as a function of the level of copolymer (P3HT-b-P4VP) added to the active layer. Detailed description of the invention
- composition of the active layer according to the invention comprises, in its general definition:
- an electron donor material consisting of a conjugated polymer
- an electron-accepting material such as, for example, a C 6 O derivative (fullerene); characterized in that the active layer comprises a linear architecture copolymer comprising from two to five blocks, at least two blocks of different nature each having a molar mass of between 500 g / mol and 50000 g / mol.
- the electron donor material it consists of a conjugated polymer.
- Conjugated polymer is understood to mean conjugated polymers having a characteristic electronic structure called "band structure". These polymers are marked by the presence on the skeleton of an alternation between double and single bonds.
- conjugated polymers By way of non-limiting example of conjugated polymers, mention may be made of polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene and polyaniline but, more generally, the conjugated polymers comprise three main families: poly (p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), for example poly [2-methoxy-5- (2'-ethyl-hexyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) or poly [2-methoxy-5- (3 '), 7'-dimethyloctyloxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MDMO-PPV); polythiophenes (PT) resulting from the polymerization of thiophenes and which are heterocycles of sulfur, for example poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polyfluorenes, for example poly [2,7- (9,9-dioctyl) fluorene) -alt -5,5
- the electron acceptor material As for the electron acceptor material, it consists of a molecule capable of accepting electrons.
- the electron acceptor material is chosen to be a fullerene or a mixture of fullerenes (C 6 o). Even more preferably, for the electron-accepting material, methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6-butanoate (PCBM, a compound known to those skilled in the art and already marketed) will be chosen.
- PCBM methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6-butanoate
- block copolymer As regards the block copolymer, it has a linear architecture, that is to say a sequence of at least two different blocks (or sequences). Of course, the order of the blocks indicated below is given only as an indication and does not necessarily translate the actual order of concatenation; these blocks can be switched at will.
- the first block consists of a conventional structure polymer, unconjugated, of vinyl type (and in particular styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic), saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin.
- this first block of the linear architecture copolymer will be chosen as polystyrene (PS) or polyisoprene (PI).
- the second polymer block of the linear architecture copolymer consists of a polymer different from that of the first block, which may be either of conventional, non-conjugated, vinyl-type (and especially styrenic, acrylic or methacrylic) structure, saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin is a conjugated polymer semiconductor.
- the second block consists of a conjugated polymer
- no other block of the copolymer may consist of a conjugated polymer, identical or not.
- this second block of the linear architecture copolymer will be chosen to be polyisoprene (PI), polystyrene (PS) or poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT).
- PI polyisoprene
- PS polystyrene
- P3HT poly (3-hexyl thiophene
- blocks (third, fourth and fifth blocks) of the linear architecture copolymer consist of a polymer different from that of the first block, of exclusively unconjugated structure, of vinyl type (and in particular styrenic , acrylic or methacrylic), saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin.
- vinyl type and in particular styrenic , acrylic or methacrylic
- saturated polyolefin or unsaturated polyolefin.
- the third, fourth and fifth different blocks of the second block of the linear architecture copolymer will also be selected as polyisoprene (PI), polystyrene (PS), a polystyrene derivative such as poly (4-vinylpyridine) ( P4VP) or an alkyl polyacrylate.
- PI polyisoprene
- PS polystyrene
- P4VP polystyrene derivative
- alkyl polyacrylate an alkyl polyacrylate
- PS-PB Poly (styrene-6-butadiene)
- PS-P2VP Poly (styrene-6-vinylpyridine)
- PE-PEE poly (ethylene-6-ethyl ethylene)
- PE-PEP poly (ethylene-6-ethyl propylene)
- PE-PS Poly (ethylene-6-styrene)
- PE-PB poly (ethylene-6-butadiene)
- PS-PEB-PS Poly (styrene-6- (ethylene-co-butylene) - ⁇ -styrene)
- PS-PAA Poly (styrene-6-acrylic acid)
- PS-PEO Poly (styrene-6-ethylene oxide)
- one of the blocks of the copolymer may consist of a conjugated polymer.
- This option (which corresponds to the preferred examples 1 and 2) is, as will be seen in the following, particularly advantageous, particularly with regard to the efficiency or effectiveness of the active layer of the organic photovoltaic cell.
- linear structure copolymer comprising from two to five blocks is carried out conventionally and well known to those skilled in the art.
- P3HT- ⁇ -PI The synthesis of P3HT- ⁇ -PI consists of the deactivation of the living polyisoprene (PI) synthesized by anionic polymerization, which is well known to those skilled in the art, on the functionalized end-brominated P3HT, also well known to human beings.
- business McCuUough Macro molecules 2005
- lithium methoxyethanol which increases the reactivity of the polyisoprenyl ion by breaking the polyisoprenyllithium aggregates. This operation is carried out in an anhydrous solvent and under a controlled atmosphere (vacuum, nitrogen or argon) according to a process well known to those skilled in the art.
- the synthesis of P3HT- ⁇ -PS can be carried out by two routes.
- the first is a "click chemistry" coupling (alkyne / Huisgen azide cycloaddition) between the alkyne-terminated P3HT and the polystyrene (PS) synthesized by ATRP with an azide functionalized initiator already described in the literature (Urien, M .; Erothu, H, Cloutet, E. Hiorns, R. C, Vignau, L. Cramail, H. Macromolecules 2008, 41, (19), 7033-7040).
- the second route consists in deactivating the living PS synthesized by anionic polymerization (this operation being well known to those skilled in the art) on the functionalized P3HT at the end of the chain, the synthesis of which is described in the literature (Iovu, M.C. Jeffries-El, M, Zhang, R., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, RDJ Macromol, Salt, Part A: Pure Appl., Chem., 2006, 43, (12), 1991-2000).
- the operating conditions are the same as for example 1.
- the PS- ⁇ -PI copolymer is synthesized by anionic polymerization initiated by sec-butyllithium with sequential addition of the monomers (first styrene and then isoprene) as is well known to those skilled in the art (Fetters, L. Luston, Quirk, RP, Vass, F., N., YR, Anionic Polymerization, 1984).
- An embodiment of the formulation claimed by the present invention consists of the following process with P3HT as a donor material and PCBM as an acceptor material:
- composition of the active layer according to the invention advantageously incorporates small molecules characterized by their low molecular weight which does not exceed a few thousand units of atomic mass.
- these small molecules are acceptors or electron donors, which allows the latter also to facilitate the transport of electrical charges and are capable of forming excitons with the conjugated polymers.
- These small molecules are generally added to the composition by dissolution in the mixture containing the other components (polymers).
- Examples of these small molecules include:
- C 6 o Fullerene which is a compound of 60 carbon atoms and whose spherical shape is close to that of a football. This molecule is here preferred as an addition in the composition according to the invention.
- PCBM methyl [6,6] -phenyl-C6-butanoate
- perylene consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring of chemical formula C 20 H 12 , for example N, N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide (PTCDI) (perylene derivative with two nitrogen atoms, two oxygen atoms and two methyl groups CH 3 ) or perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) (perylene derivative with six oxygen atoms).
- PTCDI N, N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-diimide
- PTCDA perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- UV stabilizers and UV absorbers such as benzotriazole, benzophenone and other congested amines can be added to ensure transparency encapsulant during its lifetime.
- UV stabilizers and UV absorbers such as benzotriazole, benzophenone and other congested amines can be added to ensure transparency encapsulant during its lifetime.
- These compounds may for example be based on benzophenone or benzotriazole. They may be added in amounts of less than 10% by weight of the total mass of the composition and preferably from 0.1 to 5%.
- antioxidants to limit yellowing during the manufacture of the encapsulant such as phosphorus compounds (phosphonites and / or phosphites) and hindered phenolics. These antioxidants may be added in amounts of less than 10% by weight of the total mass of the composition and preferably from 0.1 to 5%.
- Flame retardants may also be added. These agents may be halogenated or non-halogenated. Among the halogenated agents, mention may be made of brominated products. Phosphorus-based additives such as ammonium phosphate, polyphosphate phosphate, phosphinate or pyrophosphate phosphate, melamine cyanurate, pentaerythritol, zeolites and mixtures of these agents may also be used as non-halogenated agents.
- the composition may comprise these agents in proportions ranging from 3 to 40% relative to the total mass of the composition.
- pigments such as coloring or brightening compounds in proportions generally ranging from 5 to 15% relative to the total weight of the composition.
- one skilled in the art can refer, for example, to the Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2003 volume 7 .
- composition of the active layer according to the present invention can also be used in fields other than that of photovoltaics, whenever this active layer is used in its primary function, namely to transform solar energy. in electrical energy.
- the thickness of the PEDOT-PSS layer is 50 nm (nanometer). It has been measured, for example, using an "Alpha-step IQ Surafe Profiler" device.
- the active layer composed of a mixture of P3HT: PCBM: copolymer previously solubilized in ort / zo-dichlorobenzene at 50 ° C. is deposited by spin on the PEDOT / PSS layer, at a rate of one thousand revolutions per minute (1000 rpm). The thickness of this layer is typically between 80 and 150 nm.
- a cathode made of Aluminum (Al) is deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum ( ⁇ 10 "7 mbar) through a mask. The active surface of the cell is thus 8.4 mm 2.
- a heat treatment at 165 ° C for 20 min is then applied via a hot plate.
- a standard configuration (ITO / PEDOT: PSS / P3HT: PCBM: copolymer / Al) of photovoltaic cell is then obtained.
- the electrical contacts with the cells are then established using a "Karl Suss PM5" sampler.
- Current / voltage measurements are acquired using for example a "Keithley 4200 SCS" under an illumination of 100 mW / cm 2 obtained through a solar simulator "KHS Solar Celltest 575" combined with filters AM 1.5G. All procedures performed after deposition of the PEDOT-PSS layer were performed in an inert atmosphere (dinitrogen) glove box with a quantity of water and oxygen less than 0.1 ppm (parts per million).
- the glass / ITO substrates (8.4 mm 2 ) are cleaned with acetone, ethanol and isopropanol successively in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min each.
- a layer of titanium (IV) isopropoxide solution stabilized with hydrochloric acid and diluted in ethanol by "spin-coating" above the ITO layer is then deposited.
- the cell is allowed to come into contact with air at room temperature for 1 hour in order to convert the precursor into TiOx.
- the active layer is then deposited.
- the solution consists of P3HT (Plextronix), PCBM (Solaris) and a certain percentage of the copolymer P3HT- ⁇ -P4VP (from 0 to 10%>).
- the block copolymer used in this example has blocks of P3HT and P4VP of respective molar masses of 2500 g / mol and 5000 g / mol. Finally, a layer of M0O3 and the electrode (Silver) are deposited by thermal evaporation.
- Table 1 Photovoltaic efficiency as a function of the copolymer content added in the active layer.
- the yield is also improved before the annealing step.
- a yield of 3.25%, without annealing, is thus obtained when at least 4% of copolymer is added, which is greater than the reference cell after annealing.
- ITO coated glass substrates are washed in an ultrasonic bath. This is done initially in acetone, then in ethanol and finally in isopropanol. After drying, a UV-ozone treatment is applied to these substrates for fifteen minutes and a thin layer of PEDOT / PSS (approximately 50 nanometers) is deposited by spinning and then dried under vacuum for one hour at 110 ° C. All the steps involved after deposition of the PEDOT / PSS layer are carried out under an inert atmosphere in a glove box (0 2 and H 2 0 ⁇ 0.1 ppm).
- the active layer composed of a mixture of P3HT: PCBM: copolymer previously dissolved in ortho-dichlorobenzene at 50 ° C is spin coated on the PEDOT / PSS layer.
- the thickness of this layer is typically between 100 and 150 nm.
- An aluminum cathode (Al) is then deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum ( ⁇ 10 "7 mbar) through a mask, the active surface of the cell is thus 8.4 mm 2 .
- a hot plate heat treatment at 165 ° C is then applied for twenty minutes.
- a standard configuration (ITO / PEDOT: PSS / P3HT: PCBM: copolymer / Al) of photovoltaic cell is then obtained.
- the electrical contacts with the cells are then established using for example a "Karl Suss PM5" sampler.
- the current / voltage measurements are acquired using a "Keithley 4200 SCS" under an illumination of 100 mW / cm 2 obtained through a solar simulator "KHS Solar Celltest 575" combined with filters AM 1.5G.
- the cells were characterized before the beginning of the degradation cycle in order to ensure the same level of initial performance of the photovoltaic cells tested.
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KR1020137034628A KR20140033461A (ko) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | 광기전력 모듈의 유기 광기전력 전지의 조성물 |
CN201280025540.4A CN103733367B (zh) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | 光电组件的有机光电池的组合物 |
SG2013087457A SG195167A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | Composition of an organic photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module |
JP2014511934A JP6082925B2 (ja) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | 光起電力モジュールの有機光起電力セルの組成物 |
EP12728705.0A EP2715823A1 (fr) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | Composition d'une cellule photovoltaïque organique d'un module photovoltaïque |
US14/122,566 US20140130850A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | Composition of an organic photovoltaic cell of a photovoltaic module |
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FR1160510 | 2011-11-18 | ||
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DE102006047045A1 (de) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-03 | Universität Paderborn | Photovoltaische Einrichtung |
CN106129248B (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-06-05 | 南昌航空大学 | 一种水/醇溶性嵌段共轭聚合物作为阴极缓冲层的有机光伏电池制作方法 |
GB2577561A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-01 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Method of manufacturing an organic photodetector |
KR20220156711A (ko) | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 연신 소자 및 전자 기기 |
CN117024874B (zh) * | 2023-08-04 | 2024-03-15 | 链行走新材料科技(广州)有限公司 | 一种p3ht复合官能材料及其应用 |
CN117769269B (zh) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-11-26 | 深圳职业技术大学 | 用于活性层的组合物、活性层、有机太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
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JP2006073900A (ja) * | 2004-09-03 | 2006-03-16 | Nippon Oil Corp | 光電変換素子 |
US20080319131A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2008-12-25 | Mccullough Richard D | Electrically Conductive Polymers and Raft Polymerization |
JP4673266B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-03 | 2011-04-20 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | パターン形成方法及びモールド |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20140033461A (ko) | 2014-03-18 |
FR2975832A1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 |
SG195167A1 (en) | 2013-12-30 |
FR2975831A1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 |
CN103733367B (zh) | 2017-11-07 |
JP2014519202A (ja) | 2014-08-07 |
US20140130850A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
FR2975832B1 (fr) | 2015-09-25 |
EP2715823A1 (fr) | 2014-04-09 |
JP6082925B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
FR2975831B1 (fr) | 2013-11-22 |
CN103733367A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
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