WO2012164132A1 - Trampa para insectos en fase voladora, uso de dicha trampa y procedimiento de fabricación correspondiente. - Google Patents
Trampa para insectos en fase voladora, uso de dicha trampa y procedimiento de fabricación correspondiente. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012164132A1 WO2012164132A1 PCT/ES2012/070393 ES2012070393W WO2012164132A1 WO 2012164132 A1 WO2012164132 A1 WO 2012164132A1 ES 2012070393 W ES2012070393 W ES 2012070393W WO 2012164132 A1 WO2012164132 A1 WO 2012164132A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- trap
- sheet
- base
- chamber
- insects
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/10—Catching insects by using Traps
- A01M1/106—Catching insects by using Traps for flying insects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a flying phase insect trap comprising an interior insect confinement chamber accessible through at least one access entrance adapted to said insects.
- the invention also relates to the use of a sheet for the manufacture of a trap according to the invention, as well as to a method of manufacturing the trap of the invention.
- the concept of "flying phase insect” refers to the fact that the trap is intended to fight insects in the final stage of their metamorphosis in which they can already fly.
- the flying phase is one in which insects have reached their sexual maturity and therefore reproduce and disperse their population increasing damage to crops. It is at this stage that insects can lead to harmful pests.
- the invention aims to provide a flying phase insect trap that can be manufactured in a single local manufacturing center, but used globally with reasonable costs and all this without losing the effectiveness of the state of the art traps.
- This purpose is achieved by an insect trap, characterized in that the chamber is delimited at least by a flexible roller sheet from an open position to a closed position on itself forming a three-dimensional body open at least one of its ends.
- the configuration of the trap allows at least part of the trap to be simply a stackable sheet, saving a lot of space and therefore facilitating its transportation to any part of the world at reasonable costs.
- the rest of the parts of the trap are constituted in such a way that they are stackable to minimize the occupied space.
- the chamber is delimited by a base and a cover
- the base comprises a first flexible sheet provided with first closing means for fixing said closed position, and means suitable for forming the access entrance to said chamber in said position. closed, and the base being attachable to the lid through first coupling means.
- These closing means are configured so as to allow the trap to be assembled and disassembled and therefore stored again in a reduced volume.
- the means suitable for forming an access entrance refer to an element that allows the creation of an access opening inside the chamber.
- the conformation of the sheet itself can create this opening.
- the sheet may be pre-punched so that the user has just ripped off the piece of sheet that allows access to the inner chamber. It can also be a hole already created on the sheet.
- the invention encompasses a series of preferred features that are the subject of the dependent claims and whose usefulness will be highlighted later in the detailed description of an embodiment of the invention.
- the cover comprises a translucent or transparent area through which exterior light can enter into said chamber. Once the insect has entered the chamber it will tend to go towards the light and therefore remain longer in the trap, giving the insecticide time to act.
- the base is opaque in order to attract certain types of insects, such as flies such as Ceratitis capitata or Dacus Oleae, which are attracted to certain colors.
- the means are at least one entrance as an entrance hole for insects preformed in the first sheet. It has also been found that for certain species of flies this type of traps are more effective if the entrance openings in the inner chamber are a conduit oriented towards the interior of the chamber. These ducts could be mounted afterwards.
- the hole is extended forming a frustoconical duct protruding from the main surface of the first sheet.
- the base comprises an upper cone trunk formed by the first sheet attachable to the lid and a hollow lower convex part and the cone trunk and the convex part are connected through second coupling means mutual.
- the lower convex part being hollow and convex is easily stackable and therefore transportable. Also, thanks to the means of mutual coupling, the trap can be easily mounted.
- the transition zone between the cone trunk and the convex part the lateral surface of said base is substantially smooth.
- substantially smooth it is understood in the invention that a step greater than the thickness of one of the parts will not be formed.
- the trap comprises a cone trunk whose smaller base forms an access opening to the chamber and is oriented pointing towards the inside of the chamber.
- This system has the additional advantage of having a greater surface area for insects to be placed before entering the chamber (maximum opening of the cone trunk) without increasing the size of the lid, with the consequent savings in material and space That it represents.
- the trap also comprises a second cone arranged so that the smaller base of the cone trunk points towards the vertex of the second cone and the vertex of the cone comprises a liquid outlet passage and the inner surface of the cone trunk is substantially smooth. It has been found that certain types of insects, such as butterflies, once perch on the trap they walk a little and are captured when sliding down the smooth slope that leads to a confinement chamber.
- the cover comprises a second flexible roller sheet provided with a second closing means for fixing the closed position.
- the lids can be packed exceptionally compact since the lid and base are constituted by a sheet.
- Another object of the invention is to reduce production costs.
- the first and second sheets are specularly symmetrical.
- the sheets prior to the assembly of the trap can be manufactured with a single tool.
- the lid is a second flat sheet that can be mounted with the base through said coupling means, simplifying its manufacture and storage.
- the trap has a second cone-shaped foil whose smaller base forms a chamber access opening and is oriented pointing towards the inside of the chamber and also comprises a foldable laminar container. Thanks to the laminar bag-type container, the manufacture of the trap is simplified, its storage and production costs are reduced.
- the trap is made of biodegradable or biocompostable material which prevents the collection of the traps once the season is over.
- the invention also relates to the use of a flexible and roll-up sheet in the manufacture of a flying phase insect trap.
- the invention also proposes a method of manufacturing a flying phase insect trap with an internal insect confinement chamber accessible to insects through at least one access entrance adapted to said insects.
- the process comprises the steps of forming at least a part of the trap by winding a flexible sheet from an open position to a closed position to form a three-dimensional body open at least one of its ends.
- the method comprises a step of fixing said closed position of said sheet through first removable closing means.
- the trap comprises a base and a lid in the process comprises steps in which the first sheet is wound in the form of an upper cone trunk that can be coupled to the lid through first coupling means, and a hollow lower convex part it is connected to the minor base of said cone trunk through a second means of mutual coupling.
- the method also comprises a step of forming the lid by winding a second flexible sheet from an open position to a closed position to form a three-dimensional body open at least one of its ends through second closing means to fix said closed position.
- Fig. 1 a cut-away view of a plurality of stacked first sheets intended for the manufacture of a first embodiment of the trap according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 a top plan view of the first sheet in the open state.
- FIG. 3 a perspective view of the first embodiment of the trap according to the invention.
- Fig. 4 a view cut longitudinally along a central plane of the trap of Figure 3.
- Fig. 5 a top plan view of the first sheet intended for the manufacture of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6A and 6B an enlarged and longitudinally cut detail of the conversion sequence of the means suitable for forming a lateral access entrance by inserting an access conduit to the trap confinement chamber.
- Fig. 7 a longitudinally cut view of the second embodiment of the trap according to the invention in the assembled state.
- Fig. 8 a perspective view of a third embodiment of the trap according to the invention.
- Figs. 9A and 9B an assembly sequence of the base of the trap of Figure 8.
- Fig. 10 a view cut longitudinally along a central plane of the trap of Figure 8.
- FIGs. 1 1A and 1 1 B perspective views of a fourth embodiment of the trap according to the invention.
- Fig. 12 a schematic view longitudinally sectioned along a central plane of a fifth embodiment of the trap according to the invention.
- Fig. 13 a schematic view longitudinally sectioned along a central plane of a sixth embodiment of the trap according to the invention.
- Fig. 14 a schematic view longitudinally sectioned along a central plane of a seventh embodiment of the trap according to the invention.
- traps 1 are intended for any insect in the flying phase, and especially for dipterans and lepidopterans.
- the flying phase insect trap comprising an interior chamber 2 for confinement of insects accessible through an access entrance adapted to said insects. That is, the entrance must allow access to the trap 1 but without facilitating its exit once they are in the chamber 2.
- the chamber 2 is delimited at least by a sheet 8, 30 that in some cases it constitutes the cover 6 of the trap 1, in others the base 4 and in some embodiments the entire trap 1 is constituted from sheets.
- the embodiments show that the sheet 8, 30 is flexible and rolling from an open position and to a closed position on itself forming a three-dimensional body open at least one of its ends.
- the sheet must always be able to be developed being substantially flat to facilitate its storage and transport.
- the trap 1 comprises an inner chamber 2 for confinement of insects delimited by a base 4 and a cover 6.
- the base 4 is formed by a first flexible and roll-up sheet 8 provided with first closing means 12 responsible for fixing the closed position.
- first flexible sheet 8 is wound from the open position shown in Figure 2, in which it is completely flat, to the closed position to form a three-dimensional body closed laterally and open at least one of its ends.
- an attractant diffuser 42 and a diffuser or insecticide pad 44 of the vapon type are deposited inside or the inside of the lid is impregnated and / or of the base with a pyrethroid insecticide 44.
- the operator places the lid 6 on the base 4 by closing it through the means of mutual coupling 10 which in the case shown is simply a coupling by tightening between the upper edge 38 of the cone and the skirt 40.
- the base 4 comprises means 32 suitable for forming a lateral access entrance to said chamber 2.
- the means 32 consist of an entrance hole 14 for insects preformed in the first sheet 8 and extending forming a truncated conical duct 16 protruding from the main surface 18 of the first sheet 8.
- This embodiment of the trap 1 is especially useful for flying fruit insects such as Ceratitis capitata or Dacus oleae.
- the base 4 is opaque, while the cover 6 is translucent or transparent.
- this type of insects usually looks for an exit through the translucent or transparent lid 6. This takes them away from the actual exit of the trap 1 through the ducts 16 and prolongs their stay in the chamber 2. The more time the fly passes in the chamber 2, the more time is available for the insecticide to take effect and for So kill the insect.
- the base 4 does not have to be completely opaque, nor the cover 6 completely translucent or transparent. However, it seems especially appropriate that at least the area of the ducts 16 is opaque and of attractive colors to the target species.
- both the base 4 and the lid 6 are manufactured by thermoforming from polyethylene terephthalate sheets, better known in the art as PET, approximately 0.5 mm thick.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate sheets
- thermoplastic plastics such as injected polypropylene (PP).
- PP injected polypropylene
- the volume occupied is precisely the most critical parameter to be marketed globally.
- the base 4 is easily stackable by the ducts 16 in a conical shape.
- the lid 6 due to its taper can also be easily stacked.
- the first sheet 8 is smooth so that in its closed position the outer surface of the cone has no edges, that is to say that the surface is substantially completely smooth except in the closing line of the base 4. This prevents the flies from lifting the flight once perched on base 4.
- the thermoformed lid 6 makes it difficult to hang the trap 1 of the fruit tree.
- the invention provides a hanging hook 46 terminated in a harpoon 48.
- the hook 46 is capable of piercing the lid 6 and once inserted it is held in an inserted position thanks to the harpoon 48.
- This hook can be made with wire , but preferably it is made of injected plastic, which reduces its weight and facilitates transport.
- Figures 5 to 7 show a second embodiment of the trap 1, in which the base 4 also comprises a first flexible sheet 8 wound on itself to form a cylinder.
- the means 32 suitable for forming a side entrance for access to the chamber 2 are formed by a pre-cut of the first sheet 8.
- the operator to mount the trap 1, first, the operator must pierce the means 32 with the biased end 50 of the conduit 16 and introduce it until the flange 52 abuts against the outer surface of the first sheet 8.
- the base 4 further comprises a lower convex part 20, in particular hemispherical, hollow injected plastic.
- the first sheet 8 and the convex part 20 are connected through a second means of mutual coupling 22.
- the lid 6 of the trap 1 is simply a flexible and transparent flat sheet 58 connected with the base 4 through the first coupling means 10.
- the flat sheet 58 forming the lid 6 can be simply die cut It should be noted that in case of the cover sheet 6 it could have a larger diameter than the cylinder of the base 4, to prevent water penetration in the trap 1 in case of rain. Alternatively, the lower part of the base could have a drain passage not shown in the figures to prevent the accumulation of rainwater.
- Figures 8 to 10 show a third embodiment of the trap 1 according to the invention.
- the base 4 comprises an upper cone trunk 24 made from the first sheet 8 and attachable to the lid 6 in the manner explained above. Also, as in the previous embodiment, the base 4 also has a hollow bottom convex part 20.
- the procedure for assembling the trap 1 can be explained.
- the conduits 16 are mounted on the first sheet 8.
- the first sheet 8 is coupled with the convex part 20 by inserting the tabs of the second coupling means 22 into the corresponding grooves provided in the first sheet 8.
- the first closing means 12 are closed to finish the assembly of the base 4. It is important to note that especially preferably, in the area of transition 26 between the cone trunk 24 and the convex part 20, the lateral surface of the base 4 is substantially smooth. By substantially smooth it is understood that in the transition zone 26, no greater steps are formed than the thickness of the first sheet 8, which as mentioned above is especially thin.
- the first sheet 8 must be especially thin and preferably of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
- the convex part 20 can be manufactured by thermoforming to reduce the amount of material used in the manufacture.
- the invention also seeks to create a trap 1 that is especially ecological and environmentally friendly. Therefore, preferably, all the parts constituting the base 4 and the lid 6 are made of a biodegradable or biocompostable material such as cardboard or compounds derived from PLA (Polylactic acid). If materials such as cardboard are used, the first sheet 8 of this embodiment can be made by die-cutting since it does not have the preformed ducts 16. Preferably, the cardboard should be treated against moisture to prevent damage to the trap 1 in case of rain.
- Figures 1 1 A and 1 1 B show a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- both the base 4 and the cover 6 are made from a first and second sheet 8, 30 that can be rolled on themselves, respectively forming a cone.
- the second sheet 30, as in the first embodiment, is provided with second closing means 28 intended to fix the closed position of the cone.
- the particularity in this embodiment is that the first and second starting sheets 8, 30, that is, in the non-mounted state of the trap, are identical since they are specularly symmetrical.
- the coupling means 10 between cover 6 and base 4 are formed by two tabs and two grooves so that by rotating 90 and the base 4 with respect to the cover 6, they can be easily fitted together.
- This trap 1 is especially easy to manufacture since the same die can make the lid 6 and the base 4.
- the means 32 suitable for forming a side entrance for access to the chamber 2 are nothing more than a simple die cut on the sheets 8, 30.
- the operator, when assembling the trap 1, must simply tear off the sheet parts that open the holes 14 of the base 4 and do not pierce the second sheet 30 of the lid 6. That is, in this case the trap 1 dispenses with the inlet ducts that the other embodiments did have.
- supplementary tubes could also be mounted to form access ducts to chamber 2.
- the cover 4 and the base 6 are identical.
- the base of the cone of the lid 6 is larger than the base of the cone of the base 4.
- the lid 6 overlaps the base 4 and Protects her from the rain.
- a skirt is formed which makes it difficult for insects to climb up the base 4 and approach the lid 6 away from the holes 14, since they find a barrier thanks to the skirt of the lid 6.
- figures 12 to 14 show only the cutting plane. However, these embodiments also comprise a roller sheet. As will be seen from the figures, these embodiments are especially compact and easily transportable, since the traps are manufactured solely and exclusively from rolling sheets or folding sheet materials.
- a particularly useful trap for diptera such as Ceratitis capitata is shown in Figure 12.
- the base 4 is formed by a first roller sheet 8 which is a cone trunk whose smaller base forms the means 32 suitable for forming access entrance since once the access opening 34 is formed, the minor base is formed. It is oriented towards the inside of said chamber 2.
- the cover 6 is a second cone formed from a second roller 30.
- the trap 1 is mounted so that the smaller base of the cone trunk of the lid 4 points towards the vertex of the second cone of the lid 6.
- Figures 13 and 14 are especially suitable for trapping lepidoptera.
- Lepidoptera walk a little and it is convenient to facilitate their fall in chamber 2. Therefore, the internal surface of the cone trunk that constitutes the covers 6 is smooth and sliding.
- Trap 1 is practically identical to that of Figure 12, but its orientation has been reversed.
- the cover 6 comprises a second flexible roller sheet 30 provided with second closing means not shown in Figure 13 to fix the closed position.
- the vertex of the cone of the base 4 comprises a passage 54 of liquid exit.
- the second sheet 30 has a cone trunk shape and its minor base forms an access opening 34 to the chamber 2.
- the minor base is oriented pointing towards the inside the chamber 2.
- the base 4 consists of a foldable laminar container 56 as a bag.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/119,004 US20140366428A1 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-05-29 | Trap for Flying Insects, the Use of Said Trap and Corresponding Manufacturing Method |
MX2013013974A MX349579B (es) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-05-29 | Trampa para insectos en fase voladora, uso de dicha trampa y procedimiento de fabricación correspondiente. |
BR112013031004A BR112013031004A2 (pt) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-05-29 | armadilha para insetos voadores, uso da mencionada armadilha e método de fabricação correspondente |
EP12792922.2A EP2716156B1 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-05-29 | Trap for flying insects, the use of said trap and corresponding manufacturing method |
AU2012264548A AU2012264548B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-05-29 | Trap for flying insects, the use of said trap and corresponding manufacturing method |
TNP2013000478A TN2013000478A1 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2013-11-18 | Trap for flying insects, the use of said trap and corresponding manufacturing method |
IL229628A IL229628A0 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2013-11-26 | A trap for flying insects, the use of this trap and a corresponding method of manufacture |
ZA2013/09024A ZA201309024B (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2013-12-02 | Trap for flying insects, the use of said trap and corresponding manufacturing method |
MA36606A MA35205B1 (fr) | 2011-06-01 | 2013-12-20 | Piège pour insectes en phase de vol, utilisation dudit piège, et son procédé de fabrication |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201130907A ES2367388B1 (es) | 2011-06-01 | 2011-06-01 | Trampa para insectos en fase voladora, uso de dicha trampa y procedimiento de fabricación correspondiente. |
ESP201130907 | 2011-06-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012164132A1 true WO2012164132A1 (es) | 2012-12-06 |
Family
ID=44800356
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2012/070393 WO2012164132A1 (es) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-05-29 | Trampa para insectos en fase voladora, uso de dicha trampa y procedimiento de fabricación correspondiente. |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140366428A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2716156B1 (es) |
AR (1) | AR086641A1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2012264548B2 (es) |
BR (1) | BR112013031004A2 (es) |
CL (1) | CL2013003339A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2367388B1 (es) |
IL (1) | IL229628A0 (es) |
MA (1) | MA35205B1 (es) |
MX (1) | MX349579B (es) |
PT (1) | PT2716156T (es) |
TN (1) | TN2013000478A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2012164132A1 (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA201309024B (es) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3254559A1 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-13 | Sociedad Española de Desarrollos Quimicos, S.L. (SEDQ) | Insect trap |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20120317868A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Flying insect attraction station |
CN104663621B (zh) * | 2015-03-18 | 2017-05-31 | 黑龙江大学 | 一种韭菜迟眼蕈蚊采集笼及其采集方法 |
CN105202412A (zh) * | 2015-11-02 | 2015-12-30 | 苗宇 | 家用灭虫兼照明设备及其制造方法 |
ES2615165B1 (es) * | 2015-12-03 | 2018-03-13 | Zobele España, S.A. | Trampa para insectos |
CN107926886B (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2020-09-22 | 四川农业大学 | 分时段控制诱虫波段杀虫系统及其控制方法 |
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-
2011
- 2011-06-01 ES ES201130907A patent/ES2367388B1/es active Active
-
2012
- 2012-05-29 US US14/119,004 patent/US20140366428A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-05-29 EP EP12792922.2A patent/EP2716156B1/en active Active
- 2012-05-29 BR BR112013031004A patent/BR112013031004A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-05-29 AU AU2012264548A patent/AU2012264548B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-05-29 WO PCT/ES2012/070393 patent/WO2012164132A1/es active Application Filing
- 2012-05-29 PT PT127929222T patent/PT2716156T/pt unknown
- 2012-05-29 MX MX2013013974A patent/MX349579B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-06-01 AR ARP120101939A patent/AR086641A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2013
- 2013-11-18 TN TNP2013000478A patent/TN2013000478A1/fr unknown
- 2013-11-20 CL CL2013003339A patent/CL2013003339A1/es unknown
- 2013-11-26 IL IL229628A patent/IL229628A0/en unknown
- 2013-12-02 ZA ZA2013/09024A patent/ZA201309024B/en unknown
- 2013-12-20 MA MA36606A patent/MA35205B1/fr unknown
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ES1072529U (es) | 2010-04-12 | 2010-07-23 | Probodelt, S.L | Dispositivo de trampeo para insectos frugivoros. |
ES1074165U (es) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-03-29 | Probodelt, S.L. | "Dispositivo de trampeo para insectos frugívoros". |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3254559A1 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-13 | Sociedad Española de Desarrollos Quimicos, S.L. (SEDQ) | Insect trap |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CL2013003339A1 (es) | 2014-07-04 |
AR086641A1 (es) | 2014-01-15 |
MX2013013974A (es) | 2014-01-31 |
EP2716156B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
ZA201309024B (en) | 2015-03-25 |
AU2012264548B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
ES2367388A1 (es) | 2011-11-03 |
MX349579B (es) | 2017-08-03 |
AU2012264548A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
EP2716156A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
US20140366428A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
ES2367388B1 (es) | 2012-05-09 |
TN2013000478A1 (en) | 2015-03-30 |
EP2716156A4 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
IL229628A0 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
BR112013031004A2 (pt) | 2016-08-09 |
PT2716156T (pt) | 2017-03-23 |
MA35205B1 (fr) | 2014-06-02 |
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