WO2012157377A1 - Usbケーブルアンテナ - Google Patents
Usbケーブルアンテナ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012157377A1 WO2012157377A1 PCT/JP2012/059885 JP2012059885W WO2012157377A1 WO 2012157377 A1 WO2012157377 A1 WO 2012157377A1 JP 2012059885 W JP2012059885 W JP 2012059885W WO 2012157377 A1 WO2012157377 A1 WO 2012157377A1
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- usb
- usb cable
- antenna
- connector
- band
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
- H01Q1/46—Electric supply lines or communication lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2258—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment
- H01Q1/2275—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used with computer equipment associated to expansion card or bus, e.g. in PCMCIA, PC cards, Wireless USB
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a USB cable antenna in which the function of a USB (Universal Serial Bus) cable used for input / output of an information terminal device is expanded.
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- a dedicated receiving antenna is provided in the information terminal device or an antenna input is taken in from an earphone terminal for listening to an audio signal. Either method is used.
- the distance between the high frequency cutoff inductor provided on the power supply circuit side of the power transmission cable and the high frequency cutoff inductor provided on the mobile terminal side is determined by television broadcasting or the like that receives the distance. It is set to an integral multiple of 1/4 wavelength of the carrier frequency. As a result, it is possible to receive television broadcasts in a wide frequency band.
- the present inventors have proposed a receiving device that can obtain sufficient antenna characteristics even when a connector is shared when transmitting another signal with overlapping frequencies to a cable used as an antenna (patent) Reference 2).
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a USB cable antenna capable of receiving radio waves such as FM radio and television using a USB cable connected to a USB terminal of an information terminal device with a high-frequency signal antenna function. Is to provide.
- the USB cable antenna of the present disclosure connects the metal shield of the USB cable to the ID terminal of the USB connector connected to the USB cable of a predetermined length connected to the information terminal device.
- a high-frequency cutoff element having a high impedance for a high-frequency signal in a desired band is connected to both ends of the power supply line and ground line of the USB cable, and the desired band is connected to both ends of the differential signal transmission line of the USB cable.
- the USB cable is also used as an antenna for receiving a high-frequency signal in a desired band.
- the high-frequency signal in the desired band received by this antenna is a signal in one or a plurality of bands of the FM band, the VHF band, and the UHF band.
- a USB cable that is indispensable for connection between the information terminal device and the host computer can be used as a high-frequency antenna that receives a television broadcast or the like. There is no need to provide it.
- the information terminal device since it is not necessary to provide a dedicated connector for connecting a receiving antenna for television broadcasting or the like on the information terminal device side, the information terminal device can be further reduced in size and thickness.
- USB cable antenna It is the schematic which shows the embodiment of the USB cable antenna of this indication. It is the figure which showed the specific example of the USB cable antenna by which the A type USB connector was connected to one side, and the B type USB connector was connected to the other side.
- the DC resistance of the ferrite bead (FB) inserted into the ground line is 1 ⁇
- the high frequency resistance of the common mode choke inserted into the differential signal line is 90 ⁇ (100 MHz).
- FIG. 2 shows an eye pattern when the compliance test of the differential signal of 1 and USB2.0 is done.
- the direct current resistance of the ferrite bead (FB) inserted into the ground line is 0.05 ⁇
- the high frequency resistance of the common mode choke inserted into the differential signal line is 90 ⁇ (100 MHz). It is a figure which shows an eye pattern when the compliance test of the differential signal of .1 and USB2.0 is done.
- the direct current resistance of the ferrite bead (FB) inserted into the ground line is 0.05 ⁇
- the high frequency resistance of the common mode choke inserted into the differential signal line is 120 ⁇ (100 MHz). It is a figure which shows an eye pattern when the compliance test of the differential signal of .1 and USB2.0 is done.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing frequency-gain characteristics when receiving TV radio waves in the VHF band (A) and the UHF band (B) using the USB cable antenna shown in FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the frequency when a current is sent through the ferrite bead (FB) provided in the power transmission line of a USB cable antenna, and a high frequency impedance. It is a figure which shows the specific structure of the USB-A connector to which a USB cable antenna is connected. It is a figure (however, when a ferrite core is inserted) which shows the frequency-gain characteristic of the case where an AC adapter is not connected to a USB cable antenna (A) and the case where an AC adapter is connected (B). It is a figure (however, when a ferrite core is not inserted) which shows the frequency-gain characteristic of the case where an AC adapter is not connected to a USB cable antenna (A) and the case where an AC adapter is connected (B).
- an antenna required for receiving television broadcast waves on the information terminal equipment side and a dedicated connector for connecting to an external antenna are provided. It is difficult to secure space.
- the inventors have made several proposals related to earphone antennas as antennas for receiving radio waves of television broadcasting.
- the size of the terminal diameter for the earphone required for the earphone antenna is an obstacle to further reducing the thickness of the information terminal device.
- USB computer is used to charge the information terminal device from the host computer, and various signal transmissions are performed between the host computer and the information terminal device.
- USB terminals mounted on many information terminal devices and USB cables connected thereto, and can use USB cables as receiving antennas for television broadcasting or the like. I thought about what I could do and tried various thoughts and experiments. As a result, as described below, a method of using a USB cable as an antenna capable of receiving radio waves such as television broadcasting has been devised.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the USB cable antenna of this example and its operating principle.
- a female USB connector for connecting a USB cable is provided on the information terminal device (hereinafter also referred to as “set”) side.
- the USB connector provided on the set side is hereinafter referred to as “set-side USB connector 10”.
- a male B-type USB connector is attached to one end of a coaxial shield wire having an appropriate length (for example, about 95 to 115 cm). In order to distinguish this male USB connector from the set-side USB connector 10, it is referred to as a “cable-side USB-B connector 20”.
- a male A-type USB connector is attached to the other end of the USB cable. This USB connector is referred to as “cable-side USB-A connector 30”.
- This USB connector is a standard type USB connector for connecting to the host computer side.
- the set-side USB connector 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 1, and then a specific connection relationship with the USB cable antenna of this example will be described.
- the set-side USB connector 10 female type
- the cable-side USB-B connector 20 male type
- a ⁇ USB-B connector is usually used.
- the cable-side USB-A connector 30 connected to the host computer is a standard A-type USB connector that can supply power.
- the distinction between the A type and the B type has become ambiguous, and a ⁇ USB connector of A type or AB type (a USB connector used both on the host side and the set side) is used as the set side USB connector 10.
- one pin of the set-side USB connector 10 is a Vbus / MIC terminal for supplying power, and from this host computer side (not shown) to the information terminal device (set) via the one pin. Power is supplied and voltage is supplied to an earphone microphone or the like connected to the set.
- a ferrite bead 11 for cutting off high frequency is connected in series to a line to which one pin of the set-side USB connector 10 is connected.
- the ferrite beads are simply abbreviated as “FB”.
- Pins 2 and 3 of the set-side USB connector 10 are terminals for differential signal lines that are transmitted and received through the USB cable.
- 2 pins D-terminal
- the L channel terminal and pin 3 D + terminal
- a common mode choke 12 is connected to a line connecting the 2nd pin and the 3rd pin used in the differential.
- the high frequency signal is blocked by the common mode choke 12 so that only the audio signal passes.
- this high frequency signal may be referred to as an “RF signal” or an “antenna signal”.
- the 4-pin of the set-side USB connector 10 is an ID terminal for identifying the type of plug inserted and the purpose of use of the plug (ID is an abbreviation for Identification, meaning “identification terminal”) It is.
- ID is an abbreviation for Identification, meaning “identification terminal”
- the 4 pins used as the ID terminal are used as antenna terminals for receiving television broadcasts and the like.
- a capacitor 14 of about 1000 pF is connected in series to the line to which the 4th pin is connected, and the antenna signal supplied to the 4th pin through this capacitor 14 is supplied to a tuner circuit (not shown) in the set.
- the 4 pins of the set-side USB connector 10 are naturally used as normal ID terminals.
- a high-frequency signal from a television or the like is in the way.
- a high-frequency signal blocking element is connected in parallel with the capacitor 14 to the line connected to the 4th pin.
- an ID signal from which a high-frequency antenna signal such as a television signal has been removed is output to an ID identification circuit (not shown) on the set side.
- the pin 5 of the set-side USB connector 10 is a ground terminal for grounding, and the line to which the 5 pins are connected is connected to the cable-side USB-B connector 20 described later and each external shield of the set to be grounded. Has been.
- the substrate 22 is provided at one end of the coaxial shield wire 21, and the male cable-side USB-B connector 20 is connected to the substrate 22.
- the cable-side USB-B connector 20 is usually a B-type ⁇ USB connector as with the set-side USB connector 10, but it is also possible to use an A-type or AB-type ⁇ USB connector. .
- a resistor 23 is connected between the ID terminal (pin 4) of the cable-side USB-B connector 20 and the ground line, and what kind of USB connector is connected with the value of the resistor 23. And you can see how the USB cable is used.
- a metal shield 27 of the coaxial shield wire 21 is connected to the ID terminal, and the metal shield 27 functions as a monopole antenna described later.
- an FB 24 which is an element for blocking a high-frequency signal is connected to the power supply line to which one pin of the cable-side USB-B connector 20 shown in FIG. 1 is connected.
- a common mode choke 25 is connected to the 2nd pin (D-terminal) and the 3rd pin (D + terminal) for transmitting differential signals.
- the common mode choke 25 also has a function of blocking high frequencies, like the common mode choke 12 provided in the set-side USB connector 10.
- an FB 26, which is an element that cuts off high frequencies, is connected to the ground line to which the 5-pin of the cable-side USB-B connector 20 is connected.
- a standard A type cable side USB-A connector 30 is connected to the other end of the coaxial shield wire 21.
- a high frequency cutoff FB 31 is connected to one pin of the cable-side USB-A connector 30.
- a common mode choke 32 is connected to a signal line to which pins 2 and 3 to which differential signals are supplied are connected.
- a high frequency cutoff FB 33 is also connected to the ground line to which the 5 pin is connected.
- the DC resistance of the FB 33 inserted into the ground line is desirably 0.25 ⁇ or less.
- the common mode choke 32 for example, a product having 90 ⁇ or a product having 120 ⁇ with respect to a high frequency of 100 MHz is used.
- the metal shield 27 that is the outer conductor of the coaxial shield wire 21 is connected to the ID terminal (4 pins) of the cable-side USB-B connector 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the metal shield 27 connected to the ID terminal is a shield line different from the ground line.
- the transfer clock used for USB 2.0 signal transfer is set to 480 Mbps. Since this transfer clock signal operates between the differential signal line and the ground line, if the ground line of the USB cable is used as an antenna for a television signal, in addition to the RF signal of the television or the like, this antenna has a USB 480 Mbps. The clock signal is superimposed. A so-called “fogging phenomenon” occurs.
- the USB 2.0 480 Mbps clock corresponds to a frequency of 240 MHz, so that the VHF-H (high band) band is particularly adversely affected.
- the resistor 23 is inserted between a line to which the ID terminal (4 pins) of the cable-side USB-B connector 20 is connected and a ground line to which the 5 pins are connected.
- the resistance value of the resistor 23 varies depending on the type of the cable-side USB-B connector 20, in other words, the usage of the cable-side USB-B connector 20. Therefore, by detecting the value (resistance value) of the resistor 23, it is possible to detect that a USB connector having an antenna function such as television broadcasting has been inserted.
- the ID line and the ground line are open in terms of high frequency, and the influence on the antenna characteristics from the ground line to the ID line. There is no.
- high frequency coupling is performed by a capacitor such as a coupling capacitor. In such a case, since a high frequency current flows to each terminal, the antenna characteristics deteriorate.
- FIG. 2 shows a sample of the USB cable antenna described above.
- A is a plan view seen from above
- B is a cross-sectional view of a B-type cable-side USB-B connector 20 (here, ⁇ USB-B connector)
- C is an A-type cable-side USB-A.
- Sectional view of connector 30 (here, a standard type USB-A connector)
- D is a front view. The dimensions in each figure are based on the USB connector and ⁇ USB connector standards. 2 that are the same as those in FIG. 1 have the same reference numerals.
- the cable-side USB-B connector 20 has a narrow side width of 7 mm, which is suitable as a connection terminal for a mobile phone or the like that will be further thinned in the future.
- the narrower width of the cable-side USB-A connector 30 connected to the host computer is 7.8 mm.
- the VHF band of 90 to 108 MHz (1 to 3 ch), 170 to 222 MHz (4 to 12 ch) and the UHF band of 470 to 770 MHz (13 to 62 ch) are used.
- 90 to 108 MHz is sometimes referred to as a VHF-L (low band) band
- 170 to 222 MHz is sometimes referred to as a VHF-H (high band) band.
- the length of the cable is adjusted to 115 cm of about 3/4 wavelength (3/4 ⁇ ⁇ ) of 200 MHz so that both the VHF-H band and the UHF band can be received.
- UHF is received by high frequency excitation.
- FIG. 3 shows the USB cable antenna shown in FIG. 2, in which the DC resistance of the FBs 26 and 33 of the ground line is 1 ⁇ , the common mode chokes 25 and 32 connected to the D ⁇ line and the D + line for transmitting differential signals are 90 ⁇ . (100 MHz) shows the result of USB compliance test.
- 3A shows an eye pattern 40a for a USB 1.1 compliance test
- FIG. 3B shows an eye pattern 40b for a USB 2.0 compliance test.
- This eye pattern is also called an eye diagram or an eye opening ratio, and is a graphical representation of a large number of signal waveform transitions sampled and superimposed.
- the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents voltage.
- the waveform is good quality, and conversely, the signal waveform position (timing and voltage) is shifted and the center If the signal waveform overlaps the hexagonal shape (template), the waveform is of poor quality.
- those having poor transmission characteristics have a central hexagonal shape (template 43) that is thin and flat, and its area is reduced. This test is called an eye pattern test (or eye diagram test) because the relationship between the signal line and the template is similar to the shape of the human eye.
- the eye pattern 40a shows USB1.1 compliance test results when the DC resistance of the FB inserted into the ground line is 1 ⁇ and the impedance of the common mode choke at 100 MHz is 90 ⁇ .
- a part of the waveform of the differential signal 41a or 42a overlaps the hexagonal template 43a.
- the USB cable antenna of this series did not satisfy the function of USB1.1, that is, it failed (NG) in the compliance test of UAB1.1.
- the eye pattern 40b in FIG. 3B shows the USB 2.0 compliance test result when the DC resistance of the FB inserted into the ground line is 1 ⁇ and the common mode choke impedance at 100 MHz is 90 ⁇ . is there.
- a hexagonal template 43 is contained in the region surrounded by these two differential signals 41 and 42.
- FIG. 3B shows that the eye pattern test is passed even when 4 pins of the USB connector to which the cable is connected are used as the antenna input terminal, in other words, USB 2.0.
- the USB signal transmission clock is 480 Mbps
- the frequency band corresponds to the VHF band (240 MHz).
- FIG. 4 (A) and 4 (B) are eye patterns 50a and 50b showing the results of a compliance test of differential signals of USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 using the USB cable antenna shown in FIG. 3A and 3B is that the DC resistance of the FBs 26 and 33 inserted in the ground is set to 0.05 ⁇ .
- the impedance at 100 MHz of the common mode chokes 25 and 32 remains 90 ⁇ .
- FIG. 5 is also an eye pattern diagram showing a compliance test result of the USB cable antenna shown in FIG.
- a product having a 100 MHz impedance of 120 ⁇ is used as the common mode chokes 25 and 32 inserted into the differential signal lines.
- the DC resistance of the FBs 26 and 33 of the ground line is set to 0.05 ⁇ as in FIG.
- all the D + and D ⁇ differential signal lines 61a and 62a surround the eye pattern 63a, and the USB 2.0 in FIG.
- all the differential signal lines 61b and 62b of D + and D ⁇ are outside the eye pattern 63b and do not overlap.
- both the USB 1.1 and UAB 2.0 are selected by appropriately selecting the DC resistance of the FBs 26 and 33 inserted into the ground line and the impedance of the common mode chokes 25 and 32 inserted into the differential signal lines. It has been proved that a USB cable antenna satisfying the standard can be obtained.
- USB cable antenna of this example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 constitutes a monopole antenna with the ground (GND) of the set.
- GND ground
- Table 1 and FIG. 6 (A) show frequency-gain characteristics when a VHF band television broadcast is received by the USB cable antenna shown in FIG.
- Table 1 and FIG. 6A show a gain characteristic of ⁇ 5 dB ( ⁇ 4.04 dB at 210 MHz) or more is shown in vertical polarization, and ⁇ 20 dB (210 MHz in horizontal polarization). It was confirmed that the gain characteristic was -17.24 dB or more (see Table 1).
- Table 2 and FIG. 6B show frequency-gain characteristics when receiving a television broadcast in the UHF band.
- the vertical deviation is shown in the UHF band of 470 to 870 MHz.
- the wave showed gain characteristics of -12 dB or more, and the horizontal polarization showed gain characteristics of -8 dB or more.
- the FBs 24 and 31 connected to the power supply line (Vbus line) shown in FIG. 1 will be further described.
- the FBs 24 and 31 are special ferrite beads (FB) that can maintain high-frequency characteristics even when a current flows.
- FBs such as the FBs 26 and 33 inserted in the ground line have a magnetic material around the coil, and use a state where the impedance is high in terms of high frequency, that is, a state where there is a large amount of high-frequency loss (loss). Is converted to heat to remove the high-frequency current. That is, it plays a role as a high-frequency signal blocking element.
- FIG. 7 shows the high-frequency impedance characteristics of the FBs 24 and 31 when a current is supplied stepwise to a line to which the Vbus / MIC terminal (1 pin) of the USB cable antenna is connected.
- the frequency characteristics are almost the same. It is. However, as shown in FIG. 7, it was confirmed that the frequency characteristics were slightly different when the current was 1 A (1000 mA).
- the insertion loss is about ⁇ 20 dB to ⁇ 27.5 dB in the 200 MHz to 700 MHz band corresponding to the VHF band to UHF band of television broadcasting. With such an insertion loss, it can be said that there is no problem in receiving the VHF band to UHF band of television broadcasting.
- USB-A connector to connect USB cable antenna
- the dotted line in the center of FIG. 8 shows the board 70
- the left side of the board 70 shows the USB-A plug inserted into the host.
- the right side of the substrate 70 shows a connector portion to which the USB cable antenna of this example is connected.
- socket pins are arranged in a portion surrounded by a thick dotted line.
- the right side of the board 70 is a portion to which the USB cable antenna of this example is connected. From the bottom, 1 pin 71a to which the Vbus line is connected, 2 pin 72a and 3 pin 73a to which the differential signal D ⁇ and D + lines are connected, and 4 pin 74a to which the GND line is connected are arranged. .
- a 5-pin 75a to which the metal shield 27 shown in FIG. 1 is connected is provided above the 4-pin 74a. As described above, the metal shield 27 connected to the 5-pin 75a is connected to the 4-pin (ID terminal) of the set-side USB connector 10 ( ⁇ USB-B connector) in FIG. 1 and functions as an antenna. Street.
- the 1 pin 71a on the right side of the board 70 is connected to the USB-A plug 1 pin 71 on the left side of the board 70 via the FB 31, and the 2 pins 72a and 3 pin 73a on the right side of the board 70 are connected to the USB 70 on the left side of the board 70. It is connected to the 2-pin 72 and the 3-pin 73 of the A plug via the common mode choke 32.
- the 4 pin 74 a to which the GND line on the right side of the substrate 70 is connected is connected to the 5 pin 75 that is the GND terminal on the left side of the substrate 70. Note that the 5-pin 75a to which the metal shield 27 of the USB cable antenna is connected on the right side of the board 70 is not connected to the terminal on the left side of the board 70 and is in an open state.
- the USB-A connector provided at one end of the USB cable antenna of this example is connected to the host side including the power supply unit, it is easily affected by noise generated from the power supply unit. Therefore, in FIG. 8, the signal lines are arranged on a straight line so as to be in parallel so as not to be affected by the power supply noise of the unit. As a result, a USB cable antenna that has a function as an antenna and is less susceptible to noise from the power supply unit can be manufactured.
- USB cable antenna of this example can receive a television signal while being charged if a USB charger (AC adapter) is connected to the tip of the USB-A connector. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine how much the frequency-gain characteristics of the USB cable antenna change depending on whether or not the AC adapter is connected to the tip of the USB-A connector.
- Tables 3, 4 and 9 show the USB cable antenna when the AC adapter is not connected to the USB-A connector side to which the USB cable antenna of this example is connected (A) and when the AC adapter is connected (B). 2 shows frequency-gain characteristics in the VHF band.
- a ferrite core (not shown) is arranged in the vicinity of the USB-A plug, and the USB antenna cable is wound around the ferrite core once or twice for measurement.
- the frequency-gain characteristics of the case where the USB-A plug is not connected to the AC adapter (A) and the case where it is connected to the AC adapter (B) are shown. It can be seen that the change is small.
- USB cable antenna of FIG. 9A is not connected to the AC adapter ( ⁇ 26.06 dBd in vertical polarization
- the USB cable antenna shown in Fig. 9 (B) is connected to the AC adapter (-25.95dBd for vertical polarization, -7.75dBd for horizontal polarization) It can be seen that there is not much change (see Tables 3 and 4).
- Tables 5, 6 and 10 are graphs showing changes in frequency-gain characteristics when no ferrite core is used.
- FIG. 9 shows the case where the USB cable antenna is not connected to the AC adapter
- (B) shows the case where the USB cable antenna is connected to the AC adapter.
- 10A and 10B when the gain near 210 MHz is compared, -26.75 dB for vertical polarization (see Table 5) and -8.15 dB for vertical polarization (see Table 5) when an AC adapter is used.
- the vertical polarization is -23.26 dB (see Table 6) and the vertical polarization is -5.66 dB (see Table 6). Therefore, when receiving a VHF band television broadcast, inserting a ferrite core on the USB-A connector side is effective for receiving a VHF-H band television signal regardless of the presence or absence of an AC adapter. It turns out that there is.
- USB cable antenna as an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described above.
- the USB cable antenna of the present disclosure includes various applications and modifications in addition to the embodiments disclosed in the present specification without departing from the gist of the present disclosure described in the claims. Needless to say.
- this indication can also take the following structures. (1) Connect the metal shield of the USB cable to the ID terminal of the USB connector connected to the USB cable of a predetermined length connected to the information terminal device, A high-frequency cutoff element that has high impedance for a high-frequency signal in a desired band is connected to both ends of the power supply line and ground line of the USB cable, By connecting a common mode choke having a high impedance to the high-frequency signal in the desired band at both ends of the differential signal transmission line of the USB cable, A USB cable antenna that also uses the USB cable as an antenna for receiving a high-frequency signal in the desired band.
- USB cable antenna according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein a DC resistance of the high-frequency cutoff element inserted into the ground line is 0.5 ⁇ or less.
- the impedance in the desired band of the common mode choke inserted at both ends of the D ⁇ and D + differential signal lines of the USB cable is 90 ⁇ or more, (1) to (5) USB cable antenna.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、全ての情報端末機器の信号伝送用及び電力の給電用に用いられるUSBケーブルを、テレビジョン放送等の電波を受信するアンテナとして使うことができればその効果は大きい。
また、USBケーブルの電源供給ライン、及びグランドラインの両端に所望帯域の高周波信号に対して高インピーダンスとなる高周波遮断素子を接続し、USBケーブルの差動信号の伝送ラインの両端に前記所望帯域の高周波信号に対して高インピーダンスとなるコモンモードチョークを接続する。これにより、USBケーブルを所望帯域の高周波信号を受信するアンテナとして兼用するようにしている。
1.USBケーブルアンテナの概略構成
2.USBケーブルアンテナの具体例
3.USBケーブルアンテナのUSBケーブル機能の維持についての検証
4.USBケーブルアンテナの周波数-ゲイン特性
5.USBケーブルアンテナの電源供給ラインに挿入されるFBの高周波インピーダンス特性
6.USBケーブルアンテナが接続されるUSB-Aコネクタの一具体例
7.USBケーブルアンテナにACアダプタを接続したときの特性比較
図1は、本例のUSBケーブルアンテナの構成とその動作原理を説明するための図である。図1に示すように、情報端末機器(以下、「セット」ということもある)側にUSBケーブル接続用のメス型のUSBコネクタが設けられる。このセット側に設けられるUSBコネクタを、以下「セット側USBコネクタ10」という。
また、USBケーブルの他端には、オス型のAタイプのUSBコネクタが取り付けられている。このUSBコネクタを「ケーブル側USB-Aコネクタ30」と呼ぶことにする。このUSBコネクタは、標準タイプのUSBコネクタであり、ホストコンピュータ側に接続するためのものである。
一般に、セット側USBコネクタ10(メス型)とケーブル側USB-Bコネクタ20(オス型)は、5個の接続ピンとシールド端子を有している。これらのセット側USBコネクタ10及びケーブル側USB-Bコネクタ20としては、通常、μUSB-Bコネクタが用いられる。これに対して、ホストコンピュータ側に接続されるケーブル側USB-Aコネクタ30は、電源が供給できる標準型のAタイプのUSBコネクタである。
なお、最近ではAタイプとBタイプの区別が曖昧になっており、セット側USBコネクタ10として、AタイプあるいはABタイプ(ホスト側とセット側の両方に兼用されるUSBコネクタ)のμUSBコネクタが用いられることもある。
図1に示すように、本例のセット側USBコネクタ10では、このID端子として使われる4ピンを、テレビジョン放送等を受信するためのアンテナ端子に用いている。このため、4ピンが接続されるラインに約1000pFのコンデンサ14を直列接続し、このコンデンサ14を介して4ピンに供給されたアンテナ信号をセット内の不図示のチューナー回路に供給する。
なお、セット側USBコネクタ10の5ピンは、接地用のグランド端子であり、この5ピンが接続されるラインは、後述するケーブル側USB-Bコネクタ20及びセットの各外部シールドと接続され、接地されている。
また、このID端子には、同軸シールド線21の金属シールド27が接続されており、この金属シールド27が後述するモノポールアンテナとしての機能を果たしている。
すなわち、USB2.0の信号転送に用いられる転送クロックは480Mbpsに定められている。この転送クロック信号は差動信号ラインとグランドライン間で動作するため、USBケーブルのグランドラインをテレビジョン信号のアンテナとして使うと、このアンテナにはテレビジョン等のRF信号に加えて、USBの480Mbpsのクロック信号が重畳された状態になる。いわゆる「かぶり現象」が発生する。
なお、USB2.0の480Mbpsのクロックは、240MHzの周波数に相当するので、特に悪影響を受けるのはVHF-H(ハイバンド)帯になる。
したがって、この抵抗器23の値(抵抗値)を検出することで、テレビジョン放送等のアンテナ機能を持つUSBコネクタが挿入されたことを検出することができる。
図2は、上述したUSBケーブルアンテナのサンプルを示したものである。(A)は上側から見た平面図、(B)はBタイプのケーブル側USB-Bコネクタ20(ここでは、μUSB-Bコネクタ)の断面図、(C)はAタイプのケーブル側USB-Aコネクタ30(ここでは標準タイプのUSB-Aコネクタ)の断面図、(D)は正面図である。各図の寸法はUSBコネクタ及びμUSBコネクタの標準規格に基づいている。なお、図2において図1と同じものは同一の符号を付している。
上述した本例のUSBケーブルアンテナのケーブル側USB-Bコネクタ20をセット側USBコネクタ10に接続してテレビジョン信号の受信を行ったときに、本来のUSB機能が維持されるか否かが重要である。このため、本例のUSBケーブルアンテナにおいて、USBの機能が劣化しないかどうかについて検証するためのコンプライアンス試験を実施した。図3~図5は、本例のUSBケーブルアンテナが、USB1.1とUSB2.0の2つの規格を満足するかどうかを調べたコンプライアンス試験のアイパターンを示した図である。
この図5(A)に示すUSB1.1のコンプライアンス試験において、D+とD-の全ての差動信号線61a、62aが、アイパターン63aを取り囲んでおり、図5(B)のUSB2.0のコンプライアンス試験でも、同様にD+とD-の全ての差動信号線61b、62bが、アイパターン63bの外側にあり、重なっていない。
既に述べたように、図1及び図2に示した本例のUSBケーブルアンテナは、セットのグランド(GND)との間でモノポール型アンテナを構成する。このUSBケーブルアンテナを用いてVHF-H帯とUHF帯のテレビジョン放送の電波を受信する実験を行った。すなわち、図2に示したUSBケーブルアンテナのサンプルを、メス型のセット側USBコネクタ10(図1参照)に接続して、テレビジョン電波等の高周波信号の伝送特性を調べた。
表1及び図6(A)に示すように、170~220MHzのVHF帯域では、垂直偏波で-5dB(210MHzで-4.04dB)以上のゲイン特性を示し、水平偏波では、-20dB(210MHzで-17.24dB)以上のゲイン特性を示すことが確認された(表1参照)。
これらの結果は、図1、2に示したUSBケーブルアンテナがテレビジョン放送のVHF-H帯やUHF帯のアンテナとしての機能を十分に発揮することを表している。また、今後、VHF帯を利用して放送することが計画されているマルチメディア放送に対してもアンテナとして適用可能となることを意味している。
次に、図1に示す電源供給ライン(Vbusライン)に接続されるFB24、31について、更に説明を加えておく。FB24、31は、グランド線に接続されるFB26、33とは異なり、電流が流れても高周波特性が維持できる特殊なフェライトビーズ(FB)である。
グランドラインに挿入されるFB26、33のような通常用いられるFBは、コイルの周りに磁性材料があり、高周波的にインピーダンスが高い状態、すなわち高周波損失(ロス)が多い状態を用いて、高周波電流を熱に変えて、高周波電流を取り除いている。つまり、高周波信号遮断素子としての役割を果たしている。
これに対して、USB端子の1ピンが接続される電源供給用のラインに設けられたFB24、31は、大きな電流が流れる場合を考慮して作製されており、コイルと磁性材料とで開磁路を形成している。したがって、磁性材料があっても磁束が閉じ込められないので、コイルに大きな電流が流れても、コイルの中のみで熱に変えられ、磁性材料が飽和しにくい構造をとっている。
この図7から分かることは、1ピンが接続されるラインに電流を流さないとき(0mA)と、電流を流したとき(100mA、300mA、500mA、700mA)がほぼ同じ周波数特性を示していることである。ただ、図7に示されるように、電流の大きさを1A(1000mA)とすると、若干異なる周波数特性を示すことも確認された。
この程度の挿入損失であれば、テレビジョン放送のVHF帯~UHF帯を受信する上で、差し支えない程度のものということができる。
次に図8を参照して、USBケーブルアンテナが接続されるUSB-Aコネクタ(ホスト側に接続されるコネクタ)の一具体例について説明する。
図8の中央の点線は、基板70を示し、この基板70の左側がホストに挿入されるUSB-Aプラグを示している。また、基板70の右側は本例のUSBケーブルアンテナが接続されるコネクタ部分を示す。
基板30の左側のUSB-Aプラグでは、太い点線で囲まれた部分にソケットピンが配置されている。すなわち、下から電源供給ライン(Vbus)が接続される1ピン71、差動信号のD-ラインが接続される2ピン72、同じくD+ラインが接続される3ピン73、ID端子としての4ピン74のソケットピンが平行に配置されている。グランドライン(GND)が接続される5ピン75は、4ピン74の上側に配置される。
なお、基板70の右側でUSBケーブルアンテナの金属シールド27が接続される5ピン75aは、基板70の左側の端子とは接続されておらず、開放状態とされる。
本例のUSBケーブルアンテナは、USB-Aコネクタの先端にUSB用の充電器(ACアダプタ)を接続しておけば、充電しながらテレビジョン信号の受信が可能となる。そこで、USB-Aコネクタの先端にACアダプタを接続したときと、接続しないときとで、USBケーブルアンテナの周波数-ゲイン特性がどの程度変化するかを調べる実験を行った。
図9に示すように、フェライトコアを挿入すると、USB-AプラグがACアダプタに接続されていない場合(A)と、ACアダプタに接続されている場合(B)とで、周波数-ゲイン特性の変化が小さいことが分かる。
このことから、VHF帯のテレビジョン放送を受信する場合、USB-Aコネクタ側にフェライトコアを挿入することが、ACアダプタの有無に拘わらず、VHF-H帯のテレビジョン信号の受信にとって有効であるということが判明した。
(1)情報端末機器に接続される所定長のUSBケーブルに接続されるUSBコネクタのID端子に該USBケーブルの金属シールドを接続し、
前記USBケーブルの電源供給ライン、及びグランドラインの両端に所望帯域の高周波信号に対して高インピーダンスとなる高周波遮断素子を接続し、
前記USBケーブルの差動信号の伝送ラインの両端に前記所望帯域の高周波信号に対して高インピーダンスとなるコモンモードチョークを接続することにより、
前記USBケーブルを前記所望帯域の高周波信号を受信するアンテナとして兼用する、USBケーブルアンテナ。
(2)前記アンテナで受信される前記所望帯域の高周波信号は、FM帯、VHF帯、またはUHF帯のいずれかまたは複数の帯域の信号である、(1)に記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。
(3)前記ID端子が接続されるIDラインと前記USBケーブルのグランドラインの間には、前記ID端子に接続される前記USBケーブルの種類を識別するための抵抗器が接続される、(1)または(2)に記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。
(4)前記電源供給ラインに挿入される前記高周波遮断素子は、前記電源供給ラインに電流が流れているときも、高インピーダンスを持つ、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。
(5)前記グランドラインに挿入される前記高周波遮断素子の直流抵抗は、0.5Ω以下である、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。
(6)前記USBケーブルのD-及びD+差動信号ラインの両端に挿入される前記コモンモードチョークの前記所望帯域におけるインピーダンスは、90Ω以上である、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。
Claims (6)
- 情報端末機器に接続される所定長のUSBケーブルに接続されるUSBコネクタのID端子に該USBケーブルの金属シールドを接続し、
前記USBケーブルの電源供給ライン、及びグランドラインの両端に所望帯域の高周波信号に対して高インピーダンスとなる高周波遮断素子を接続し、
前記USBケーブルの差動信号の伝送ラインの両端に前記所望帯域の高周波信号に対して高インピーダンスとなるコモンモードチョークを接続することにより、
前記USBケーブルを前記所望帯域の高周波信号を受信するアンテナとして兼用する、
USBケーブルアンテナ。 - 前記アンテナで受信される前記所望帯域の高周波信号は、FM帯、VHF帯、またはUHF帯のいずれかまたは複数の帯域の信号である、
請求項1に記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。 - 前記ID端子が接続されるIDラインと前記USBケーブルのグランドラインの間には、前記ID端子に接続される前記USBケーブルの種類を識別するための抵抗器が接続される、
請求項2に記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。 - 前記電源供給ラインに挿入される前記高周波遮断素子は、前記電源供給ラインに電流が流れているときも、高インピーダンスを持つ、
請求項3に記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。 - 前記グランドラインに挿入される前記高周波遮断素子の直流抵抗は、0.25Ω以下である、
請求項4に記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。 - 前記USBケーブルのD-及びD+差動信号ラインの両端に挿入される前記コモンモードチョークの前記所望帯域におけるインピーダンスは、90Ω以上である、
請求項1に記載のUSBケーブルアンテナ。
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JP2010068168A (ja) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-03-25 | Sony Corp | 受信装置、中継ケーブル及び電源装置 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2819311A4 (en) * | 2012-02-23 | 2016-03-02 | Sony Corp | INPUT-OUTPUT APPARATUS |
JP7007037B2 (ja) | 2016-01-15 | 2022-01-24 | ソニーグループ株式会社 | ケーブル |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102790272B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
CN202905945U (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
RU2013150223A (ru) | 2015-05-20 |
TW201251345A (en) | 2012-12-16 |
EP2712024A1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
KR101926210B1 (ko) | 2018-12-06 |
EP2712024A4 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
JP5834487B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
BR112013029040A2 (pt) | 2017-01-10 |
TWI558113B (zh) | 2016-11-11 |
JP2012244327A (ja) | 2012-12-10 |
US20140184469A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
KR20140027227A (ko) | 2014-03-06 |
EP2712024B1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
CN102790272A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
US9431697B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
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