WO2012157368A1 - 熱電変換構造体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
熱電変換構造体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012157368A1 WO2012157368A1 PCT/JP2012/059519 JP2012059519W WO2012157368A1 WO 2012157368 A1 WO2012157368 A1 WO 2012157368A1 JP 2012059519 W JP2012059519 W JP 2012059519W WO 2012157368 A1 WO2012157368 A1 WO 2012157368A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/855—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising compounds containing boron, carbon, oxygen or nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
- C30B29/22—Complex oxides
- C30B29/32—Titanates; Germanates; Molybdates; Tungstates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
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- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/857—Thermoelectric active materials comprising compositions changing continuously or discontinuously inside the material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion structure and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion structure used for a power generation element using an environmental temperature difference and a method for manufacturing the same.
- thermoelectric power generation is only applied to niche fields such as watches using the temperature difference between the human body and the environment. The cause is that the performance of the thermoelectric conversion material used for the thermoelectric element is low.
- the unit of the figure of merit Z is K ⁇ 1
- the efficiency of the thermoelectric element using the thermoelectric conversion material is often expressed by a value obtained by multiplying it by the use temperature T (K), that is, ZT.
- the efficiency ZT of a conventional thermoelectric element using a bulk material as a thermoelectric conversion material is about 1. If a thermoelectric conversion material having an efficiency ZT exceeding 3 can be produced, it is said that a cooling system such as a compressor used in a refrigerator can be replaced.
- thermoelectric conversion material is a material having a large Seebeck coefficient S and a small resistivity and thermal conductivity.
- a typical thermoelectric conversion material currently used is Bi 2 Te 3 which is a metalloid.
- Bi 2 Te 3 materials are toxic and have a high environmental impact. Therefore, an oxide that can be a safer thermoelectric conversion material has recently attracted attention.
- an oxide thermoelectric conversion material in which La is doped at the A site in SrTiO 3 which is a perovskite oxide represented by an ABO 3 structure, is well known (Non-Patent Document 1: T. Okuda et al, Phys. Rev. B vol.63, 113104 (2001)). This material is also a degenerate semiconductor whose conductivity type is n-type.
- thermoelectric conversion material having a two-dimensional structure by using a superlattice or a one-dimensional structure using whiskers has been experimentally produced.
- an increase in Seebeck coefficient S and a decrease in resistivity ⁇ are compatible by reducing the microscopic structure of the material and manipulating the state density distribution of the conductive carrier. .
- phonon scattering increases and the thermal conductivity ⁇ decreases.
- thermoelectric conversion material having a microscopic structure with reduced dimensions an increase in the value of the figure of merit Z is achieved.
- efficiency ZT exceeds 2 by using Bi 2 Te 3 as a thermoelectric conversion material to produce a two-dimensional structure.
- Non-patent Document 2 H. Ohta et al, Nature). Mater. Vol.6, 129.
- Non-Patent Document 2 H. Ohta et al, Nature). Mater. Vol.6, 129.
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows a superlattice consisting of insulator n-type thermoelectric conversion material doped with Nb and SrTiO 3 is about 0.3 about efficiency ZT the B site of SrTiO 3
- an efficiency ZT exceeding 2 is obtained, and a Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 (p-type thermoelectric conversion material) whisker exhibits an efficiency ZT of about 1.
- thermoelectric conversion material Due to the development of thin film technology in recent years, there is no problem in producing the above superlattice (two-dimensional structure) using an oxide even if it is an oxide thermoelectric conversion material.
- an oxide when an oxide is used to produce a highly efficient thermoelectric conversion element, several problems arise.
- a quantum wire using a step of a substrate step / terrace structure as a template.
- the manufacturing conditions must be controlled so that film formation called step flow mode is realized.
- This manufacturing condition is such that the thin film growth is always performed only from the step portion, and therefore the process window is narrow and precise condition control is required.
- Another problem is that the linearity of the step of the substrate is not always ensured, and the quantum wire produced by using this as a template is not guaranteed to be linear as well.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-296629.
- step bunching formed on the single crystal substrate and perpendicular to the tilt direction is used (for example, Patent Document 1, paragraph 0013).
- it is a normal step and not a bunch step that is formed on the inclined single crystal substrate surface disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 1 uses a buffer layer surface of a non-conductive material produced on a single crystal substrate tilted by a small angle (0.2 to 15 °) as a specific means for forming a bunch step, and It is described that a thermoelectric conversion material having a thin wire structure can be produced using the formed step bunching. However, the disclosure of Patent Document 1 does not disclose the reason why a bunched step is formed on a single crystal substrate inclined by a minute angle (0.2 to 15 °).
- the method of Patent Document 1 has the following problems. That is, (1) Since the step bunches are not formed on the substrate, a buffer layer must be formed. In addition, (2) the linearity in the extending direction of the bunched step formed on the buffer layer is not guaranteed as the linearity is not guaranteed in the normal step. For this reason, even if a bunched step is formed, the method of Patent Document 1 does not necessarily determine the thin line shape stably. Furthermore, (3) In order to form the thermoelectric conversion member made of the thermoelectric conversion material extending along the bunched step into a thin line shape, it is necessary to precisely control the manufacturing conditions as in the step flow mode.
- thermoelectric conversion material grows two-dimensionally not only from the step edge but also from the surface of the terrace, the fine line width of the thermoelectric conversion member is disturbed or the steps merge, resulting in a fine line width. May change.
- it is necessary to control the production conditions of the thermoelectric conversion material with high accuracy.
- the present invention has been made in view of any of the above problems.
- the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion structure having an electronic structure with a quasi-one-dimensional structure, that is, a thin wire structure, that can be easily and reproducibly produced, thereby improving the performance of a thermoelectric element that employs the thermoelectric conversion structure. It contributes.
- the inventor of the present application examines the above problems, and forms an electronic system (hereinafter referred to as “two-dimensional electron system”) having a two-dimensional extension in the vicinity of the SrTiO 3 surface or in the vicinity of the interface between SrTiO 3 and another film. Focused on the fact that.
- the two-dimensional electron system is distributed so as to extend along the surface or interface in the vicinity of the interface in the crystal of SrTiO 3 .
- the inventor of the present application also paid attention to another experimental fact.
- the experimental fact is that, on the surface of the single crystal of SrTiO 3 , it is possible to form a concavo-convex structure whose direction is determined by reflecting the crystal axis direction of the surface.
- thermoelectric conversion structure is provided by combining knowledge based on these facts.
- the single crystal of SrTiO 3 has a (210) plane surface or interface, and the surface or interface includes a (100) plane terrace portion and an in-plane [ [001]
- a thermoelectric conversion structure is provided in which a concavo-convex structure including a step portion extending in the axis is formed.
- the surface of the single crystal of SrTiO 3 is defined by the concavo-convex structure of the terrace portion by the (100) plane and the step portion extending in the in-plane [001] axis of the surface, that is, the crystal axis and the crystal plane.
- An uneven structure is formed on the surface.
- the two-dimensional electron system formed in the vicinity of the surface of the single crystal of SrTiO 3 having no concavo-convex structure can be further reduced in dimension by the concavo-convex structure.
- a single crystal of SrTiO 3 having a planar surface without a special structure has a property that a two-dimensional electron system is formed as described above.
- the two-dimensional electron system is influenced by the concavo-convex structure and in-plane anisotropy occurs. That is, in the two-dimensional electron system, the macroscopic electric conduction characteristics in two directions equivalent from the symmetry, that is, the direction of the in-plane [001] axis and the direction of the in-plane axis perpendicular thereto are A one-dimensional direction will appear. And according to the examination of the inventor of the present application, the anisotropy of the electric conduction characteristic also affects the Seebeck coefficient.
- the anisotropy can be sufficiently detected not only at a low temperature but also in a temperature range of room temperature (for example, about 300 K). In this way, an increase in Seebeck count with a single crystal of SrTiO 3 is achieved at room temperature.
- a spatial distribution of any electron that causes a difference in macroscopic electric conduction characteristics by further reducing the two-dimensional electron system is referred to as a quasi-one-dimensional structure.
- the spatial distribution of electrons in the thermoelectric conversion structure according to the present embodiment has many elongated spatial distributions of line-shaped electrons oriented in one direction according to the concavo-convex structure due to the influence of the concavo-convex structure. It is like arranging them in parallel. That is, the two-dimensional electron system seems to have a stripe-like distribution constricted to each line by the concavo-convex structure. Electrons having such a spatial distribution are also included in the quasi-one-dimensional electron system in the present application.
- thermoelectric conversion structure of this embodiment since the concavo-convex structure based on the crystal anisotropy of the single crystal is used, the linearity in the quasi-one-dimensional structure in the electron spatial distribution, that is, the straight line of the quasi-one-dimensional electron system Guarantee is guaranteed. Furthermore, in this embodiment, a buffer layer for forming a bunched step is not required, and it is not necessary to newly form a thermoelectric conversion material in a thin line shape in the step flow mode. That is, in the thermoelectric conversion structure of this aspect, the problems of the conventional method are avoided. In this way, it is possible to simply improve the figure of merit Z of the thermoelectric conversion structure with good reproducibility.
- an oxide addition layer having a crystal structure of LaO, PrO, or NdO is formed on at least a part of the concavo-convex structure in contact with the surface or interface.
- an oxide addition layer having a perovskite crystal structure having any one of La, Pr, and Nd at the A site is formed on at least a part of the concavo-convex structure on the surface or interface.
- the above-described thermoelectric conversion structure formed in contact is provided.
- electrons can be doped from the oxide additional layer with respect to the quasi-one-dimensional electron system formed in the vicinity of the surface of the (210) -oriented SrTiO 3 single crystal in the thermoelectric conversion structure described above. It becomes possible. For this reason, in this embodiment, similar to the embodiment in which the oxide addition layer having a rock salt structure is formed, the carrier density of the quasi-one-dimensional electron system constricted by the concavo-convex structure is increased, so that the electronic structure becomes a degenerate semiconductor. Is obtained. Since the figure of merit Z is further improved by the increase in the carrier density, this embodiment including the oxide additional layer is a preferable configuration.
- the oxide additional layer has the same perovskite structure as SrTiO 3 , it can be said that the process for forming the oxide additional layer is relatively easily performed and can be easily manufactured.
- the oxide addition layer of perovskite and the like LaAlO 3 or PrAlO 3, NdAlO 3.
- the oxide additional layer in the above two embodiments is formed in a flat surface that is uniformly expanded because the concavo-convex structure is formed when it is in contact with the surface or interface of the SrTiO 3 single crystal. However, it is affected by the discontinuity due to the terrace and the step. Therefore, the structure of the oxide additional layer also exhibits in-plane anisotropy similar to the spatial distribution of electrons near the surface or interface of the SrTiO 3 single crystal described above. Therefore, the term “quasi-one-dimensional structure” is used to describe the structure of the oxide additional layer.
- thermoelectric conversion structure when the thickness of any oxide additional layer formed on the concavo-convex structure is measured in the [100] axial direction of the thermoelectric conversion structure, 5 units.
- the above-described thermoelectric conversion structure that is more than a cell is provided.
- thermoelectric conversion structure in which the thickness of any oxide additional layer formed on the concavo-convex structure is equal to or less than the height difference of the concavo-convex structure.
- the concavo-convex structure also affects the position of the oxide addition layer of the rock salt structure or perovskite structure formed on the concavo-convex structure on the surface or interface of the single crystal. For example, there may be a fine line structure. In that case, electrons are selectively doped only in a position in contact with the oxide additional layer in the quasi-one-dimensional electron system formed in the vicinity of the SrTiO 3 surface. This further enhances the one-dimensional nature of the electronic structure that is already constricted into a quasi-one-dimensional electron system.
- a single crystal of SrTiO 3 having a (210) plane surface is annealed in the atmosphere to thereby form a terrace portion by the (100) plane and a step portion extending in the in-plane [001] axis.
- the manufacturing method of the thermoelectric conversion structure including the process of forming the uneven
- thermoelectric conversion described above further includes a step of forming either a rock salt structure or a perovskite crystal structure oxide additional layer in contact with at least a part of the surface of the concavo-convex structure.
- a method of manufacturing a structure is provided.
- thermoelectric conversion structure with improved performance.
- an oxide thermoelectric conversion structure having a spatial distribution of electrons having a quasi-one-dimensional structure is provided.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a crystal lattice with a (210) orientation in a cubic perovskite structure of SrTiO 3 or an oxide addition layer that is a single crystal of an embodiment of the present invention.
- 2A is a side view of the in-plane [1-20] axis
- FIG. 2B is a side view of the in-plane [001] axis. It is an AFM image of the surface of (210) plane orientation of SrTiO 3 single crystal after annealing in the atmosphere at 1180 ° C. for 12 hours in an embodiment of the present invention.
- a (100) plane terrace portion formed on the surface of a single crystal of SrTiO 3 (210) plane orientation after annealing in air at 1180 ° C. for 12 hours, and [001] axial direction It is a figure which shows the uneven structure which consists of a step part extended in parallel.
- an oxide additional layer is formed on a concavo-convex structure including a terrace portion of the (100) plane of the surface of the SrTiO 3 (210) -oriented single crystal and a step portion extending parallel to the [001] axis direction. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the thermoelectric conversion structure which has a carrier dope structure which consists of.
- thermoelectric conversion structure having a carrier dope structure composed of an oxide additional layer on an uneven structure. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacture procedure of the thermoelectric conversion structure in one embodiment of this invention.
- thermoelectric conversion structure using a perovskite-type manganese oxide according to the present invention will be described.
- common parts or elements are denoted by common reference numerals throughout the drawings.
- each element of each embodiment is not necessarily shown in a scale ratio.
- thermoelectric conversion material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the SrTiO 3 thermoelectric conversion structure in which the concavo-convex structure defined by the [001] axis of the (210) -oriented SrTiO 3 single crystal surface and the (100) plane is formed will be described.
- thermoelectric conversion structure having a quasi-one-dimensional electron space distribution produced using the concavo-convex structure can be easily formed with good reproducibility.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the thermoelectric conversion structure 100 of the present embodiment.
- the thermoelectric conversion structure 100 is constituted by a single crystal 10.
- the single crystal 10 is a single crystal made of SrTiO 3 having a surface having a concavo-convex structure when viewed finely.
- a carrier dope structure 20 is formed so as to be in contact with the surface of the SrTiO 3 single crystal.
- the vertical direction of the drawing is drawn so that it is perpendicular to the single crystal plane, and the horizontal direction is parallel to the single crystal plane.
- the single crystal 10 is made of a thermoelectric conversion material of SrTiO 3 single crystal.
- This cubic perovskite structure is a crystal structure of the single crystal 10 which is a SrTiO 3 single crystal in the present embodiment.
- the perovskite structure is expressed as ABO 3 , where A is the apex, B is the body center, and O (oxygen) is the face center.
- the apex site is called the A site
- the atoms occupying the A site are called A atoms.
- the vertical direction of the paper is defined as the direction perpendicular to the single crystal surface (hereinafter referred to as the “perpendicular direction”), FIG.
- FIG. 2A shows the in-plane [001] axis
- FIG. 2B shows the in-plane [1- 20] It is sectional drawing seen from the axis
- the angle of the (100) plane measured from the (210) plane is expressed by Equation 2.
- ⁇ arctan (1/2) Equation 2 That is, ⁇ is about 26.6 degrees, and atomic planes are alternately stacked with AO—BO 2 —AO.
- FIG. 3 shows an AFM image of the surface of the single crystal 10 used in the thermoelectric conversion structure 100 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged structure near the surface of the single crystal 10.
- the single crystal 10 is formed with a concavo-convex structure including terrace portions 12 and 14 by a (100) plane of the surface of the single crystal and a step portion 16 extending in the in-plane [001] axis. .
- thermoelectric conversion structure 100 the (100) terrace portions 12 and 14 of the single crystal plane and the step portion 16 extending parallel to the in-plane [001] axial direction are not formed at the purchase stage.
- the surface of the single crystal at the purchase stage is flat at the nm level, and no regular structure is observed.
- the SrTiO 3 (210) single crystal is annealed in the atmosphere at 1180 ° C. for 12 hours, the uneven structure as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is observed.
- thin terrace portions 12 and 14 having a width W of about 20 nm extending in the [001] axis direction with a length of 1 ⁇ m or more are formed on the surface of the single crystal 10.
- the height difference L when the surface is traced in the axial direction is about 6 nm.
- the formed height difference L is about 12 in terms of unit cell of SrTiO 3 which is the material of the single crystal 10.
- a large number of terrace portions 12 and 14 are all formed on the surface of the single crystal 10 so that the (100) plane is exposed.
- the step part 16 and the step part 18 in the opposite direction are connected to each other.
- the step unit 16 is constituted by a [100] plane.
- the surface of the step part 18 in the reverse direction is not certain. However, it is certain that the concavo-convex structure that causes a large height difference L is formed by combining the terrace portions 12 and 14 and the step portions 16 and 18.
- the terrace portions 12 and 14 and the step portions 16 and 18 both extend in the [001] axial direction and are arranged so as to be aligned in the [1-20] axial direction.
- the concavo-convex structure is a step formed autonomously by heat treatment. That is, the terrace portions 12 and 14 and the step portion 16 having high reproducibility of the orientation and extending direction of the surface reflecting the crystal properties such as crystal planes and crystal axes are autonomously formed only by heat treatment.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an example of the electron distribution E that extends in the front-rear direction of the paper surface, which is the [001] axis, in response to the narrowing.
- the electron distribution E extends perpendicularly to the paper surface of FIG. 4 and is divided in the left-right direction of the paper surface of FIG. 4 due to the influence of the step portions 16 and 18, for example.
- an electronic system having a fine line structure or a stripe structure that generally extends to the (210) plane of the substrate surface and extends in the [001] axial direction. That is, a quasi-one-dimensional electron system is formed.
- the electronic state of a bulk SrTiO 3 material having a perovskite structure is not only approximated as an electron gas, but also theoretically required to behave as a strongly correlated electron system as a so-called Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. It has been. Even in this case, a quasi-one-dimensional electron system obtained by using the above-described concavo-convex structure is realized.
- thermoelectric conversion structures 110 and 120 having a carrier dope structure 20 that is optionally added are also provided.
- the carrier-doped structure 20 is epitaxially grown on the surface of the single crystal 10, is formed above the concavo-convex structure with respect to the single crystal 10, and has the property of donating conductive carriers such as electrons to the single crystal 10.
- a typical carrier-doped structure 20 is a single crystal layer, for example, an oxide addition layer 21 having a rock salt structure in the thermoelectric conversion structure 110 or an oxide addition layer 22 having a perovskite structure in the thermoelectric conversion structure 120.
- the oxide additional layer 22 of the thermoelectric conversion structure 120 has a crystal structure of the perovskite structure described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the structure of the thermoelectric conversion structures 110 and 120 having the carrier dope structure 20 formed in the single crystal 10.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of each of the elongated strips of the carrier-doped structure 20 extending in the [001] axis direction, cut by a plane perpendicular to the [001] axis.
- the oxide additional layer 22 in the carrier-doped structure 20 is arranged on the surface of the single crystal 10 having a concavo-convex structure, and the spatial distribution of electrons already having a quasi-one-dimensional structure (see FIG. 5). Take the arrangement according to 4). For this reason, the carriers provided from the oxide addition layer 22 for the electron system formed near the interface of the single crystal 10 are effectively doped into the electron system.
- thermoelectric conversion structure 120 having a perovskite structure oxide addition layer 22 as the carrier dope structure 20.
- the lattice constant of the crystal lattice of the perovskite structure is almost the same in the single crystal 10 and the oxide additional layer 22. Therefore, the crystal structure of the perovskite structure shown in FIG. 2 is the crystal structure of both the oxide addition layer 22 that is the carrier doped structure 20 including the orientation. Further, the oxide additional layer 22 can be epitaxially grown on the single crystal 10.
- a suitable material for the oxide additional layer 22 is an oxide having a perovskite crystal structure, in particular, one of La, Pr, and Nd at the A site among lanthanoids.
- the thermoelectric conversion structure 120 includes a single crystal 10 that is a single crystal of SrTiO 3 (210) plane orientation, step portions 16 and 18 that are parallel to the [001] axis direction on the surface, and a terrace portion 12 that has a (100) plane. , 14 and a carrier dope structure 20 formed on the concavo-convex structure.
- the carrier dope structure 20 has a structure in which a large number of elongated strips of the oxide additional layer 22 are arranged.
- the step portion 16 is a (010) plane surface.
- the oxide additional layer 22 covers at least a part of the surface of the uneven structure.
- the oxide additional layer 22 since the oxide additional layer 22 has a structure in which elongated strips are arranged in a stripe shape, the oxide additional layer 22 itself has a pseudo one-dimensional structure (pseudo one-dimensional structure). That is, in the concavo-convex structure of the single crystal 10, the (100) plane is inclined 26.6 ° from the (210) plane, and the shape when the terraces 12 and 14 of the (100) plane are traced is not linear. Shows irregularities. For this reason, the oxide additional layer 22 is cut into separate strips by the concavo-convex structure formed by the terrace portions 12, 14 and the step portions 16, 18, and has a substantially quasi-one-dimensional structure.
- the carrier dope structure 20 is subjected to thermoelectric conversion by passing an electric current in the longitudinal direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIGS. And since it forms in the surface of the single crystal 10 of the above-mentioned uneven
- thermoelectric conversion structure 110 having a rock salt structure oxide addition layer 21 as the carrier dope structure 20.
- a material suitable for the oxide addition layer 21 is, in particular, LaO, PrO, or NdO among lanthanoid oxides.
- the crystal lattice of the rock salt structure in these materials has lattice points at positions substantially corresponding to the crystal lattice of the cubic perovskite structure of the single crystal 10. Therefore, the oxide additional layer 21 can be epitaxially grown on the crystal lattice of the single crystal 10.
- the oxide addition layer 21 also has a [1-20] axis due to a concavo-convex structure formed by the terrace portions 12 and 14 and the step portions 16 and 18 of the single crystal 10. Discontinuous in direction and separated into strips.
- the carrier doped structure 20 is substantially formed in a quasi-one-dimensional structure.
- oxide addition layer having quasi-one-dimensional structure The advantage of the oxide additional layers 21 and 22 having a substantially quasi-one-dimensional structure in the carrier-doped structure 20 described above is that the oxide-added layers 21 and 22 have the advantage of the The point is that electrons are selectively doped only at the positions in contact with the additional layers 21 and 22. For this reason, the oxide additional layers 21 and 22 substantially have a quasi-one-dimensional structure, so that the one-dimensional property is even clearer even in an electronic structure that is already constricted to form a quasi-one-dimensional electron system. Appears in
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the thermoelectric conversion structures 112 and 122 in which the carrier dope structure 220 including the oxide additional layers 221 and 222 is formed on the uneven structure.
- a suitable material for the oxide addition layer 221 is LaO, PrO, or NdO among the lanthanoid oxides having the crystal structure of the rock salt structure described above.
- a material suitable for the oxide addition layer 222 is an oxide having a perovskite crystal structure that has any one of La, Pr, and Nd at the A site among lanthanoids.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing procedure of the thermoelectric conversion structures 100, 110 and 120 of the present embodiment.
- the manufacture of the thermoelectric conversion structure 100 and the like starts by first forming an uneven structure on the surface of the single crystal 10 by annealing the single crystal in the atmosphere (S102).
- the oxide additional layer 21 or 22 is subsequently formed.
- the oxide additional layer 21 is formed on the concavo-convex structure (S104).
- S104 concavo-convex structure
- LaO is grown by a laser ablation method as the oxide additional layer 21 formed on the concavo-convex structure of SrTiO 3 single crystal.
- a target obtained by forming a polycrystalline material obtained by sintering La 2 O 3 powder by a solid phase reaction method into a cylindrical shape of ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 5 mm is used. The detailed procedure is as follows.
- a single crystal 10 which is a SrTiO 3 (210) single crystal is mounted in a vacuum chamber and evacuated to 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 Torr (4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Pa) or less. Thereafter, high-purity oxygen gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber at 1 mTorr (13.3 Pa), and the single crystal 10 having the concavo-convex structure already formed is heated to an ultimate temperature of 850 ° C.
- the temperature of the single crystal 10 at the time of film formation is lower than 1180 ° C. when the annealing temperature of the single crystal is formed, so that the concavo-convex structure formed on the surface of the single crystal 10 is obtained by a laser ablation method. In this case, the single crystal is not affected by the heating.
- the target is irradiated with 150 pulses of a KrF excimer laser having a wavelength of 248 nm through the laser beam introduction port of the chamber, and LaO corresponding to a film thickness of 5 unit cells is grown on the concavo-convex structure.
- a KrF excimer laser having a wavelength of 248 nm
- LaO corresponding to a film thickness of 5 unit cells is grown on the concavo-convex structure.
- the growth of the oxide addition layer 21 is performed under conditions that allow the oxide addition layer 21 of LaO having a lattice structure to correspond to the single crystal 10 of SrTiO 3 to be grown epitaxially. ing. For this reason, in order to confirm the crystallinity in the growth of the oxide additional layer 21, it is effective to perform in-situ observation by RHEED (reflection high-energy electron diffraction). That is, the single crystal 10 which is a (210) single crystal is anisotropic, and diffraction with respect to the (1-20) plane is obtained when an electron beam is incident parallel to the in-plane [001] axis. When such observation is actually performed, for example, diffraction patterns from the (100) plane and the (010) plane can be seen.
- RHEED reflection high-energy electron diffraction
- the diffraction pattern has a configuration in which the thin film of the oxide additional layer 21 includes a terrace portion by the (100) plane and step portions 16 and 18 by the (010) plane, similarly to the concavo-convex structure on the surface of the single crystal 10. That is, it can be confirmed that the concavo-convex structure of the single crystal 10 is used as a template.
- information on the in-plane (001) plane can also be obtained by entering parallel to the in-plane [1-20] axis.
- the oxide formed on the surface of the concavo-convex structure of the single crystal 10 The thickness of the additional layer 21 is defined by the film thickness in the perpendicular direction. Further, the oxide addition layers 21 adjacent in the [1-20] direction are separated from each other by the height difference formed by the step portions 16 and 18 having the concavo-convex structure. In this way, the oxide additional layer 21 is formed to have a quasi-one-dimensional structure.
- thermoelectric conversion structure 100 can be manufactured by the single crystal annealing treatment S102 and the oxygen introduction S106.
- thermoelectric conversion structure 110 can be manufactured by the single crystal annealing treatment S102, the formation of the oxide additional layer S104, and the introduction of oxygen S106.
- the thermoelectric conversion structure 120 can also be produced by the single crystal annealing process S102, the formation of an oxide additional layer S104, and the introduction of oxygen S106.
- thermoelectric conversion structure 120 that is, an example in which 5 units of LaO were deposited as an oxide additional layer was produced, and the figure of merit Z of the thermoelectric conversion structure of the example sample was obtained.
- thermoelectric element having the number of LaO layers produced in the same manner as described above and having 3 unit cells was also found to be about 0.01. This is presumably because when the number of LaO layers is small, ⁇ has increased by several orders of magnitude because electrons have a quasi-one-dimensional structure without being effectively doped into SrTiO 3 .
- the concavo-convex structure including the terrace portion by the (100) plane and the step portion extending in the in-plane [001] axis of the surface, SrTiO 3 A spatial distribution of electrons having a quasi-one-dimensional structure is formed on the substrate.
- an oxide addition layer (any one of LaO, PrO, and NdO) having a property of doping electrons, or a perovskite structure having a property of doping electrons in the same manner
- an oxide addition layer in which the A site is made of any one of La, Pr, and Nd is formed, a degenerate semiconductor in which the spatial distribution of electrons has a quasi-one-dimensional structure is manufactured.
- the concavo-convex structure can be easily formed with good reproducibility simply by annealing a (210) -oriented SrTiO 3 substrate in the atmosphere.
- the terrace portion is constituted by the (100) plane, it is not uniform in the [1-20] axial direction and is inclined. For this reason, when forming the oxide addition layer used as the electron dope material, the oxide addition layer becomes discontinuous only at the step portion partitioning the terrace portion by depositing the thermoelectric conversion material under the two-dimensional growth condition. . That is, in the present embodiment, it is possible to reliably dope electrons with a quasi-one-dimensional structure with respect to the electron spatial distribution already having a quasi-one-dimensional structure.
- thermoelectric conversion structure using an oxide electrons are appropriately doped with respect to the spatial distribution of electrons having a quasi-one-dimensional structure.
- the performance is improved very easily and with good reproducibility.
- the composition, film thickness, formation method, and the like exemplified in this embodiment are not limited to the above embodiment.
- thermoelectric conversion material here, La-doped SrTiO 3
- the concavo-convex structure defined by the (001) axis and (010) plane of the (210) plane orientation SrTiO 3 substrate surface is It is formed on the surface forming the uneven structure. Thereby, the spatial distribution of electrons becomes a quasi-one-dimensional structure. Then, a SrTiO 3 insulating layer is formed thereon, and by repeating this sequence, the quasi-one-dimensional thermoelectric conversion material can be integrated.
- the concavo-convex structure can be easily formed with good reproducibility simply by annealing the (210) plane orientation SrTiO 3 substrate in the atmosphere.
- thermoelectric conversion material capable of improving the performance by the quasi-one-dimensional structure without requiring special equipment and processes as compared with the two-dimensional structure fabrication.
- composition of the thermoelectric conversion material illustrated by this embodiment, a film thickness, a formation method, etc. are not limited to the said embodiment.
- the thin film and single crystal materials exemplified in the present embodiment, the composition, film thickness, formation method, and the like are not limited to the above embodiment.
- the names of axes and planes for the perovskite crystal described for explanation can be expressed based on another equivalent expression as known to those skilled in the art.
- a crystal axis extending to the surface of a single crystal is expressed as a [001] axis
- the setting of the [100] axis and the [010] axis is also arbitrary.
- a surface expressed as the (m10) plane by taking a right-handed axis is a (1m0) plane according to another way of taking the right-handed system and is equivalent to each other. Care must be taken that the face becomes a different expression.
- the present invention can be used as a thermoelectric element that generates power by utilizing a temperature difference in the environment.
- Thermoelectric conversion structure 10 Single crystal 12, 12A, 12B, 12C (100) plane (top terrace portion) 14, 14A, 14B, 14C (100) plane (bottom terrace) 16, 16A, 16B, 16C Step part ((010) plane) 18, 18A, 18B, 18C Step part (reverse direction) 20 Carrier-doped structure 21, 221 Oxide additional layer (rock salt structure) 22, 222 Oxide additional layer (perovskite structure)
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Abstract
Description
Z=S2/(ρ・κ) 式1
によって表わされる。ただし、Sはゼーベック係数(μV/K)、ρは抵抗率(Ωcm)、κは熱伝導率(W/(m・K))である。なお、性能指数Zの単位はK-1となり、熱電変換材料を用いる熱電素子の効率としては、それに使用温度T(K)を乗じた値すなわちZTを用いて表わされることが多い。ちなみに、熱電変換材料としてバルク材料を用いる従来の熱電素子の効率ZTは1程度である。この効率ZTが3を越す熱電変換材料を作製することができれば、例えば冷蔵庫に使用されるコンプレッサー等の冷却システムを置き換えることも可能になると言われている。
以下、本発明に係る熱電変換材料の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。ここでは(210)面方位SrTiO3単結晶表面の[001]軸と(100)面により規定される凹凸構造が表面に形成されたSrTiO3熱電変換構造体について説明する。特に、その凹凸構造を利用して作製された擬一次元構造の電子の空間分布を有する熱電変換構造体がいかに再現性よく簡単に形成されるかについて説明する。
[1-1 全体構造]
まず始めに、本実施形態の熱電変換構造体の構成について説明する。図1は、本実施形態の熱電変換構造体100の構成を示す概略断面図である。熱電変換構造体100は、単結晶10によって構成される。単結晶10は、後述するように、微細に見ると凹凸構造となっている表面を備えているSrTiO3からなる単結晶である。そのSrTiO3単結晶の表面に接するようにキャリアドープ構造20が形成されている。なお、図1においては、紙面の上下方向が単結晶面に垂直になり、左右方向が単結晶面に平行になるように描いている。単結晶10は、はSrTiO3単結晶の熱電変換材料から構成されている。
図2を参照して、立方晶ペロフスカイト構造における(210)面方位を説明する。この立方晶ペロフスカイト構造は、本実施形態においては、SrTiO3単結晶である単結晶10の結晶構造である。ペロフスカイト構造はABO3と表記され、Aは頂点、Bは体心、O(酸素)は面心の各位置を占める。本実施形態の説明において、頂点のサイトをAサイトとよび、そこを占める原子をA原子と呼ぶ。紙面縦方向を単結晶表面に垂直な方向(以降「面直方向」と呼ぶ)とし、図2(a)は面内[001]軸、図2(b)はそれと直交する面内[1-20]軸からみた断面図である。この立方晶ペロフスカイト構造において(210)面から測った(100)面の角度は式2で表わされる。
θ=arctan(1/2) 式2
すなわちθは約26.6度であり、面直方向にAO-BO2-AO・・・と交互に原子面が積み重なっている。SrTiO3(210)の単結晶10では、面直方向(210)面の面間隔は
d(210)=a・sinθ 式3
から求められ、約0.1746nmとなる。なお、aはSrTiO3の格子定数(=0.3905nm)である。また、立方晶のユニットセルが(100)面方位から約26.6度傾いたという見方をすると、面直方向の間隔は3d(210)は約0.5238nmである。なお、面内原子位置周期性まで考慮した面直方向の長さは5d(210)は約0.873nmとなる。
次にSrTiO3(210)面方位の単結晶である単結晶10の表面構造について説明する。図3は、本実施形態の熱電変換構造体100に用いる単結晶10の表面のAFM像を示す。また、図4は、単結晶10の表面付近の構造を拡大して示す概略断面図である。図4に示すように、単結晶10には、単結晶の表面の(100)面によるテラス部12、14と面内[001]軸に延びるステップ部16とを含む凹凸構造が形成されている。
ここで、図4に示したような凹凸構造を有するSrTiO3の単結晶における電子構造について説明する。上述したように、SrTiO3の単結晶の表面は、購入段階において特段の凹凸構造を有していない。そのような表面付近では、SrTiO3の単結晶の電子構造が、表面に沿った面的な広がりを有する二次元電子ガスのようになることが知られている。ところが図4のように凹凸構造を形成すると、その二次元電子ガスが、凹凸の影響を受けて、例えばテラス部12の部分のみに狭窄される。図4には、その狭窄を受けて[001]軸である紙面の前後方向に延びる電子分布Eの例を模式的に記載している。電子分布Eは、図4の紙面に対して垂直に延びるとともに、例えばステップ部16や18の影響により、図4の紙面の左右方向には分断されている。このため、SrTiO3の単結晶の表面においては、凹凸構造を利用することにより、(210)面である基板面に概して広がり、[001]軸方向に延びるような細線構造またはストライプ構造の電子系すなわち擬一次元電子系が形成されることとなる。なお、一般に、ペロフスカイト構造をとるSrTiO3の単結晶のバルク材料の電子状態は、電子ガスとして近似されるばかりではなく、いわゆる朝永-ラッティンジャー液体として強相関電子系として振る舞うことが理論的に求められている。この場合であっても、上述した凹凸構造を利用して得られる擬一次元電子系は実現される。
本実施形態においては、熱電変換構造体100の変形例として、任意選択により付加されるキャリアドープ構造20を有する熱電変換構造体110、120も提供される。そのキャリアドープ構造20は、単結晶10の表面に対してエピタキシャル成長し、単結晶10に対して、凹凸構造の上方に形成され、単結晶10に対して電子等の導電キャリアを供与する性質を持つ任意の材質の任意の構造の層である。
本実施形態の変形例の一つは、キャリアドープ構造20としてペロフスカイト構造の酸化物付加層22を有する熱電変換構造体120である。ここで、ペロフスカイト構造の結晶格子の格子定数は、単結晶10と酸化物付加層22でほとんど同一である。したがって、図2に示したペロフスカイト構造の結晶構造は、方位も含めてキャリアドープ構造20である酸化物付加層22との双方の結晶構造である。また、単結晶10に対して酸化物付加層22をエピタキシャルに成長させることができる。酸化物付加層22として好適な材料は、ランタノイドのうち、特にLa、Pr、またはNdのいずれかをAサイトに有するペロフスカイト型の結晶構造の酸化物である。
本実施形態の変形例の別の一つは、キャリアドープ構造20として岩塩構造の酸化物付加層21を有する熱電変換構造体110である。この酸化物付加層21として好適な材料は、ランタノイドの酸化物のうち、特に、LaO、PrO、またはNdOである。これらの材質における岩塩構造の結晶格子は、単結晶10の立方晶ペロフスカイト構造の結晶格子とほぼ対応する位置に格子点を持つ。このため、単結晶10の結晶格子に対して酸化物付加層21をエピタキシャルに成長させることができる。この酸化物付加層21も、酸化物付加層22と同様に、単結晶10のテラス部12、14、ステップ部16、18の作る凹凸構造によって、間にギャップが生じて[1-20]軸方向に不連続となり、ストリップに分離される。こうしてキャリアドープ構造20は実質的には擬一次元構造に形成される。
上述したキャリアドープ構造20において酸化物付加層21および22が実質的に擬一次元構造を取る利点は、表面または界面の凹凸構造によって既に狭窄されている擬一次元電子系に対して、酸化物付加層21および22と接する位置にのみ選択的に電子がドープされる点にある。このため、酸化物付加層21および22が実質的に擬一次元構造を取ることにより、すでに狭窄されて擬一次元電子系となっている電子構造であっても、一次元的性質が一層明瞭に表われる。
なお、本実施形態は、他の構造の酸化物付加層をも含んでいる。図6は、凹凸構造上に酸化物付加層221および222からなるキャリアドープ構造220が形成されている熱電変換構造体112および122の概略断面図である。酸化物付加層221として好適な材料は、上述した岩塩構造の結晶構造を持つランタノイドの酸化物のうち、特に、LaO、PrO、またはNdOである。また、酸化物付加層222として好適な材料は、ランタノイドのうち、特にLa、Pr、またはNdのいずれかをAサイトに有するペロフスカイト型の結晶構造の酸化物である。図6に示したような単結晶10の凹凸構造の表面に接して連続して形成されているキャリアドープ構造220であっても、図4に示した電子分布Eの領域に電子が効果的にドープされる。このため、本実施形態のキャリアドープ構造には、図5に示したキャリアドープ構造22のように凹凸構造の表面において不連続となるギャップが形成されていることは、必ずしも要さない。
次に、本実施形態の熱電変換構造体100、110および120の製造方法について説明する。図7は、本実施形態の熱電変換構造体100、110および120の製造手順を示すフローチャートである。熱電変換構造体100等の製造は、まず、大気中において単結晶をアニール処理することによって、単結晶10の表面に凹凸構造を作成することから開始する(S102)。
[3-1 実施例]
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。以下の実施例に示す材料、使用量、割合、処理内容、処理手順、要素または部材の向きや具体的配置等は本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適宜変更することかできる。したがって、本発明の範囲は以下の具体例に限定されるものではない。上述した熱電変換構造体120と同一の構造、すなわち、酸化物付加層としてLaOを5単位胞堆積した実施例サンプルを作製し、実施例サンプルの熱電変換構造体の性能指数Zを求めた。具体的には、実施例サンプルの[001]軸方向の両端にAl電極を形成し、そのAl電極を通じて熱電変換構造体100の示すゼーベック係数S、抵抗率ρ、および熱伝導率κを室温(300K)で測定する。するとNbドープしたSrTiO3とSrTiO3からなる超格子で報告されている効率ZTが約0.3(超格子界面だけに限ればZT>2)よりもはるかに優れた効率ZTである約3.3の効率ZTが得られる(T=300K)。このような特性が得られる理由として、本願の発明者は、本発明によりLaOから電子をドープしたSrTiO3の電子の空間分布が擬一次元構造を取るためと考えている。また、酸化物付加層としてPrO、NdOをLaOと同様に5単位胞堆積した2種類のサンプルの効率ZTについても、3.9、2.4とそれぞれ優れた値が得られる(T=300K)。酸化物付加層としてPrOを選択した場合に最も優れた効率が得られる理由としてはLaOと比べてPrOの格子が小さいためにSrTiO3界面での歪が大きくなることが考えられる。すなわち、歪によって生じる移動度の向上による抵抗率の減少と熱伝導率の減少とが効率ZTの向上に寄与するものと考えられる。また、酸化物付加層としてペロフスカイト構造のLaAlO3を5単位胞堆積した場合にも、3.2と高い効率ZTが得られることを付記しておく(T=300K)。
上記と同様にして作製したLaOの層数を3単位胞とした熱電素子も同様に性能指数Zを求めたところ、ZTは約0.01であった。これはLaOの層数が薄い場合電子がSrTiO3に効果的にドープされないまま擬一次元構造となったためにρが数桁も大きくなったためと考えられる。
10 単結晶
12、12A、12B、12C (100)面(頂部テラス部)
14、14A、14B、14C (100)面(底部テラス部)
16、16A、16B、16C ステップ部((010)面)
18、18A、18B、18C ステップ部(逆向き)
20 キャリアドープ構造
21、221 酸化物付加層(岩塩構造)
22、222 酸化物付加層(ペロフスカイト構造)
Claims (7)
- SrTiO3の単結晶であり、(210)面の表面または界面を有しており、該表面または界面には、(100)面によるテラス部と面内[001]軸に延びるステップ部とを含む凹凸構造が形成されている
熱電変換構造体。 - LaO、PrO、またはNdOのいずれかの岩塩構造の結晶構造の酸化物付加層が前記凹凸構造の上の少なくとも一部に前記表面または界面に接して形成されている
請求項1に記載の熱電変換構造体。 - La、Pr、またはNdのいずれかをAサイトに有するペロフスカイト型の結晶構造の酸化物付加層が前記凹凸構造の上の少なくとも一部に前記表面または界面に接して形成されている
請求項1に記載の熱電変換構造体。 - 前記凹凸構造の上に形成されるいずれかの酸化物付加層の層厚が、前記熱電変換構造体の[100]軸方向に測ったときに5単位胞以上である
請求項2または請求項3に記載の熱電変換構造体。 - 前記凹凸構造の上に形成されるいずれかの酸化物付加層の層厚が、前記凹凸構造の高低差以下である
請求項4に記載の熱電変換構造体。 - (210)面の表面を有するSrTiO3の単結晶を大気中にてアニールすることにより、(100)面によるテラス部と面内[001]軸に延びるステップ部とを含む凹凸構造を前記表面に形成する工程
を含む
熱電変換構造体の製造方法。 - 前記凹凸構造の少なくとも一部の表面に接して、岩塩構造またはペロフスカイト型の結晶構造の酸化物付加層のいずれかを形成する工程
をさらに含む
請求項6に記載の熱電変換構造体の製造方法。
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| PCT/JP2012/059519 Ceased WO2012157368A1 (ja) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-04-06 | 熱電変換構造体およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US9070816B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5472533B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20140012027A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012157368A1 (ja) |
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| KR20140012027A (ko) * | 2011-05-19 | 2014-01-29 | 후지 덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 열전 변환 구조체 및 그 제조 방법 |
| WO2020160494A1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-08-06 | Lon Bell Consulting | Thermoelectric elements and devices with enhanced maximum temperature differences based on spatially varying distributed transport properties |
| EP4165352A4 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2024-08-07 | DTP Thermoelectrics LLC | THERMOELECTRICALLY ENHANCED HYBRID HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000159600A (ja) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-06-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 単位結晶格子長の階段を有する基板及びその作製方法 |
| JP2004296629A (ja) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 熱電変換材料およびその製造方法 |
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| US7718516B2 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2010-05-18 | The University Of Hong Kong | Method for epitaxial growth of (110)-oriented SrTiO3 thin films on silicon without template |
| WO2007132782A1 (ja) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-22 | National University Corporation Nagoya University | 熱電変換材料、赤外線センサ及び画像作製装置 |
| KR101537359B1 (ko) * | 2007-02-02 | 2015-07-16 | 넥스트림 써멀 솔루션즈, 인크. | 감소된 크랙 및/또는 표면 결함 밀도들을 가지는 에피택셜 열전기막들의 증착 방법 및 관련된 소자들 |
| JP5725036B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-09 | 2015-05-27 | 富士電機株式会社 | ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜およびその製造方法 |
| KR20130139856A (ko) * | 2011-03-14 | 2013-12-23 | 후지 덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 산화물 기판 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US8932699B2 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2015-01-13 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Crystalline substance, substrate, and method for producing crystalline substance |
| JP5692365B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-14 | 2015-04-01 | 富士電機株式会社 | ペロフスカイト型マンガン酸化物薄膜 |
| KR20140012027A (ko) * | 2011-05-19 | 2014-01-29 | 후지 덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 열전 변환 구조체 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US8872016B2 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2014-10-28 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Thermoelectric conversion structure and method of manufacturing same |
-
2012
- 2012-04-06 KR KR1020137009181A patent/KR20140012027A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-06 WO PCT/JP2012/059519 patent/WO2012157368A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-04-06 US US13/878,957 patent/US9070816B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-04-06 JP JP2013515045A patent/JP5472533B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000159600A (ja) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-06-13 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 単位結晶格子長の階段を有する基板及びその作製方法 |
| JP2004296629A (ja) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-10-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 熱電変換材料およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2012157368A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
| KR20140012027A (ko) | 2014-01-29 |
| JP5472533B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
| US20130255743A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
| US9070816B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
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