WO2012155542A1 - 雨刷器及其制造方法 - Google Patents

雨刷器及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012155542A1
WO2012155542A1 PCT/CN2012/070895 CN2012070895W WO2012155542A1 WO 2012155542 A1 WO2012155542 A1 WO 2012155542A1 CN 2012070895 W CN2012070895 W CN 2012070895W WO 2012155542 A1 WO2012155542 A1 WO 2012155542A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main beam
curved
segment
attachment piece
wiper
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/070895
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪玉华
齐伦
Original Assignee
Wang Yuhua
Chai Lun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201110129549.7A external-priority patent/CN102416930B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2011201956086U external-priority patent/CN202106937U/zh
Application filed by Wang Yuhua, Chai Lun filed Critical Wang Yuhua
Priority to US13/700,810 priority Critical patent/US9150197B2/en
Priority to CA2789534A priority patent/CA2789534C/en
Publication of WO2012155542A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012155542A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/32—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by constructional features of wiper blade arms or blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/32—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by constructional features of wiper blade arms or blades
    • B60S1/38—Wiper blades
    • B60S1/3801—Wiper blades characterised by a blade support harness consisting of several articulated elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/32—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by constructional features of wiper blade arms or blades
    • B60S1/38—Wiper blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/32—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by constructional features of wiper blade arms or blades
    • B60S1/38—Wiper blades
    • B60S1/3848—Flat-type wiper blade, i.e. without harness
    • B60S1/3849—Connectors therefor; Connection to wiper arm; Attached to blade
    • B60S1/3851—Mounting of connector to blade assembly
    • B60S1/3856—Gripping the blade
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/32—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by constructional features of wiper blade arms or blades
    • B60S1/38—Wiper blades
    • B60S2001/3812—Means of supporting or holding the squeegee or blade rubber
    • B60S2001/3813—Means of supporting or holding the squeegee or blade rubber chacterised by a support harness consisting of several articulated elements
    • B60S2001/3815—Means of supporting or holding the squeegee or blade rubber chacterised by a support harness consisting of several articulated elements chacterised by the joint between elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/32—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by constructional features of wiper blade arms or blades
    • B60S1/38—Wiper blades
    • B60S2001/3812—Means of supporting or holding the squeegee or blade rubber
    • B60S2001/3817—Means of supporting or holding the squeegee or blade rubber chacterised by a backing strip to aid mounting of squeegee in support
    • B60S2001/382—Means of supporting or holding the squeegee or blade rubber chacterised by a backing strip to aid mounting of squeegee in support the backing strip being an essentially planar reinforcing strip, e.g. vertebra

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wiper and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • the wiper is suitable for connecting with the wiper arm of the car and gaining power.
  • the surface of the windshield is reciprocally brushed by an arc motion to remove the rainwater, thereby ensuring a good driving sight. Background technique
  • the fan shape in Fig. 1 indicates the brushing area swept by the wiper on the windshield
  • the symbol V indicates the main viewing area, which is the area that the driver most needs to see clearly
  • the symbol V ' indicates two side viewing areas, the driver pairs
  • the requirements for these two areas can be slightly lower.
  • the surface of the glass swept by the wiper should be completely wetted by water to form a water film with a good perspective.
  • no water line appears in the V zone and the V ' zone, which is superior; only the waterline in the V' zone is sub-optimal; if the waterline is more, the grade is more.
  • the abscissa indicates the position along the length of the wiper, 0 is the midpoint of the wiper, and the leftward and rightward are moved to the ends of the wiper; the ordinate indicates the wiper applied to the surface of the glass.
  • the line pressure P " which is the force applied to the unit wiper length, P can be expressed in Newtons per meter (N/m) or Newtons per square centimeter (N/cm).
  • the curve C-1 of Fig. 2A is compared with the curve C-2 of Fig. 2B, the line pressure of the former measured wiper is more uniform than that of the latter measured wiper, and in fact the former is better for raining. .
  • the wiper arm is only connected at its end to the connecting means provided in the middle section of the wiper, that is to say that the force is applied to the wiper only at the connection point. It is not easy to do this by evenly distributing the force applied at this point to the windshield through a long strip of wiper blade on a 40-70 cm length of rubber wiper strip.
  • the present invention adopts a specific wiper structure and achieves satisfactory results. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a wiper comprising: a frame-shaped elongated skeleton supporting the wiper, a connecting device connected to the wiper arm of the automobile disposed above the middle portion of the elongated skeleton, and
  • the elongate skeleton supports or suspends a rubber wiper strip, the elongate skeleton is curved and has a bending elasticity, the curved concave surface facing downward toward the windshield of the automobile, and due to the wiper
  • the downward pressure of the arm and the reaction force of the contact portion with the windshield change the curvature of the wiper, so that the full length of the rubber wiper strip contacts the windshield to wipe off the rain on the windshield:
  • the frame structure of the elongated skeleton comprises an elastic main beam and one or two elastic auxiliary beams below the main beam and substantially parallel to the main beam, the main body of the main beam is in a free state a specific smooth continuous curved shape having a concave curved shape, the two ends of the main beam conform to the curved shape, and the middle portion of the main beam conforms to the curved track or deviates from the curved track, the main An upper or lower attachment piece may be disposed above or below the middle section of the beam, or the upper or lower attachment piece may not be provided, and then together with the one or two elastic auxiliary beams constitute a specific a frame structure; supporting or suspending the rubber wiper strip by the sub beam; connecting the sub beam to the main beam by a plurality of hooks disposed on the main beam or the lower attachment piece of the main beam;
  • a specific frame structure may also be attached to a structure selected from the following -
  • a spacing groove is disposed above the groove for accommodating the auxiliary beam, the spacing of the spacing grooves is different, such that the secondary beam and the middle portion of the elongated skeleton The spacing of the main beams is different from the spacing at the ends of the elongated skeleton.
  • the specific frame structure has two elastic secondary beams which are at the same level and are parallel to each other, and the plurality of hooks disposed on the main beam or on the lower attachment piece of the main beam are Attached to the main beam or the lower attachment piece, and having two hook legs extending downward from the main beam or the lower attachment piece of the main beam, the substantially full length of the two sub beams And the hook tip portions of the respective hook legs are respectively embedded in the grooves on the left and right sides of the rubber wiper strip, and the two hook legs of each hook are hooked and suspended to suspend the two pairs of hooks.
  • a beam, and the rubber wiper strip is lifted by the two sub beams, the connection of the main beam to the upper or lower attachment piece may be welded or riveted, or clamped by a clip, or limited sliding Length rivet-slot connection.
  • the hook is disposed on the lower attachment piece in a middle section of the main beam.
  • the connecting device connected to the wiper arm of the automobile and the upper attachment piece constitute an assembly, that is, the connection device
  • the bottom plate extends to the left and right to form an upper attachment piece, and the extension of the bottom plate of the connecting device extending to the left and right may be linear, or concave downward, or concave upward.
  • one or two or three segments having a curved elastic, linear or arcuate concave upward attachment are provided, when the lower attachment piece is 2 segments or
  • the lower attachment pieces of each section are segmented or joined together, and the beginning and the end of each lower segment are in contact with and connected to the lower surface of the main beam, or one of the beginning and the end. Contact and connect with the surface of another lower attachment sheet.
  • the lower attachment piece has three segments of a left segment, a middle segment and a right segment and is linear or curved concave upward, the two ends of the lower segment of the middle segment, the left end of the lower segment of the left segment and The right end of the lower segment of the right segment is in contact with and connected to the lower surface of the main beam, and the right end of the lower segment of the left segment is in contact with and connected to the proximal left end portion of the lower segment of the middle segment, the right segment The left end of the lower attachment piece is in contact with and connected to the proximal right end portion of the lower middle attachment piece.
  • a gap for adjusting the bending property of the main beam is provided, and the number of the notches is 1 to 6 or more on each side of the main beam, and the width of the notch (ie, The plunging depth is 6% to 30% of the width of the main beam, and the total length of the notch on each side of the main beam is 5% to 30% of the total length of the main beam, and the notched line of the notch
  • the longitudinal axis of the main beam has an angle of 0 ° to 30 °.
  • the middle section of the main beam deviates from the curved trajectory of the main beam at the same position, and is formed in the middle section by one or two or three sections and an arc-shaped upwardly concave curved section integrated with the main beam.
  • an arc-shaped concave downward or linear or curved concave upward upper attachment piece may be provided, or the upper attachment piece may not be provided, when the upper attachment piece is curved concave downward
  • the curvature of the upper attachment sheet may be equal to or greater than the curvature of the curved trajectory of the main beam at the point where the beginning and the end of each segment of the upper attachment sheet are in contact with and connected to the main beam or the small segment.
  • the middle section of the main beam is offset from the curved trajectory of the main beam at the same position, and the middle section is formed into one or two or three sections of substantially straight segments integral with the main beam, and A linear or curved concave upper attachment piece is disposed above the small section, or a linear or curved concave upper lower attachment piece is disposed below the small section, or the upper attachment piece is not disposed Or a lower attachment piece, the beginning and the end of each segment of the upper or lower attachment piece being in contact with and connected to the main beam or the small segment.
  • the middle section of the main beam is offset from the curved trajectory of the main beam at the same position, and a middle section is formed into a substantially straight segment which is integral with the main beam, and is disposed above the small section
  • An upper tab having an arcuate concave downward direction, the curvature of the upper attachment sheet being equal to or greater than the curvature of the curved trajectory of the main beam there.
  • an assembly formed by combining the upper attachment piece and the connecting means connected to the wiper arm of the automobile is disposed above the small section, and the extension of the assembly extending to the left and right is curved concavely downward.
  • the middle section of the main beam is offset from the curved trajectory of the main beam at the same position, and the middle section is formed into a section of 2 or 2 or 3 segments which are integrated with the main beam and curved downwardly concavely.
  • the curvature of the small segment is greater than the curvature of the curved trajectory of the main beam at the location, and an upper concave piece having a curved concave downward direction may be disposed above the small segment, or a linear shape or a curved shape may be disposed below the small segment
  • the lower attachment piece is recessed upward or the upper attachment or lower attachment piece is not provided, and the beginning and end of each segment of the upper attachment piece or the lower attachment piece are in contact with and connected to the main beam or the small section.
  • the full length of the main beam is composed of a plurality of segments
  • Each of the portions of the curvature mutation is connected to each other, and the number of the segments is the number of the small segments plus two, and the two ends to be connected are made into the fingers that can be fitted to each other at the portions where the segments are connected to each other. In the shape, they are inserted into each other and spliced, and then subjected to necessary heat treatment and finishing.
  • the elongated skeleton of the wiper has a main beam, the curved path of the main body of the main beam is downwardly concave, and there is 1 in the middle of the main beam a small section of a straight line, or an arc-shaped upwardly concave curved or curved downwardly concave curved integral with the main beam but offset from the curved trajectory of the main beam at the same, the main beam manufacturing method Yes-
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a general discussion of wiper performance.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams showing a general example of the pressure distribution of the wiper to the windshield.
  • Figures 3A to 3P including Figures 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G, 3H, 31, 3J, 3K, 3L,
  • 3M, 3N and 3P are schematic structural views of the wiper of the present invention.
  • 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E are schematic views of the structure of the frame-type elongated skeleton of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F are schematic views of the structure of the frame-shaped elongated skeleton of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6A, 6B and 6C are schematic views showing the structure of a frame-type elongated skeleton of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7A, 7B, 8A and 8B are schematic views showing the structure of a frame-type elongated skeleton of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a view showing the structure of a frame-type elongated skeleton according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs. 10A and 10B are views showing one of the manufacturing methods of the main beam of the second, third and fourth embodiments of the present invention. detailed description
  • the middle section (area) of the wiper or its frame-shaped elongated skeleton refers to the area near the midpoint of the entire length of the wiper or the area close to the connecting means for connecting with the wiper arm of the automobile. .
  • the extent of the zone varies from different occasions, from the midpoint to each of the two ends of the wiper extending from 10% to 35% of the total length of the wiper; further away from the middle section The area of the midpoint is called the two ends;
  • the upper side of the wiper or its frame-shaped elongated skeleton means the side of the wiper that is away from the windshield in use, and the lower side refers to the side facing the windshield.
  • the mentioned main beam has a specific smooth continuous curved path with a downward concave curve in a free state (without external force).
  • the segments of the main beam may conform to the trajectory or deviate from the trajectory.
  • the specific curve refers to a certain basic mathematical curve, such as a circle, an ellipse, a sine curve, a tangent curve, a parabola, a hyperbola, an exponential and a logarithmic curve, and the like. If there are two curve connections, it should be smooth and continuous.
  • the main body of the main beam when the full length of the main beam conforms to the curved trajectory, it refers to the full length of the main beam itself; when the two ends of the main beam conform to the curved trajectory, the main beam When the middle section deviates from the curved trajectory, it means that the two ends of the main beam itself are integrated with the curved trajectory of the main beam in the middle section.
  • Fig. 3A shows the wiper of the present invention.
  • the wiper comprises a frame-shaped elongated skeleton 1 and a rubber wiper strip 6, and a connecting device 5 located above the middle section of the elongated skeleton 1, and the connecting device 5 is connected to the wiper arm of the automobile.
  • the rubber wiper strip 6 is drawn separately, and the rubber wiper strip 6 is indicated by a dashed line 130.
  • the elongated skeleton 1 includes an elastic main beam 2 and an elastic sub-beam 3 located under the main beam, which are substantially parallel to each other. There is a region 4 (shown in gray in the figure) between the main beam 2 and the sub-beam 3, and a specific frame structure constructed by the respective embodiments of the present invention is hereinafter explained in detail.
  • Region 4 herein represents an essential feature of the present invention: a frame structure formed only by the main beam itself and the sub-beams, or a frame structure in which the main beam is first structurally changed and then formed with the sub-beams.
  • the frame structure may further have a structure selected from the following: (1) adding a plurality of sub-attachments or upper attachment pieces to the middle section of the main beam to become the changed main beam, and then forming the frame structure together with the sub-beams; (2) providing a notch for adjusting the bending property of the main beam on both sides of the main beam (and a small section modified in the middle section of the main beam), and then forming a specific frame structure together with the elastic auxiliary beam; Transforming the middle section of the main beam into one with the main beam but deviating from the main beam a plurality of small segments of the curved trajectory, then attached (or not attached) to the lower or upper attachment to become the modified main beam, and then together with the secondary beam to form the frame structure; and (4) not modified The middle section
  • a complete wiper further includes an end cap located at both ends of the elongated frame 1 and a windshield piece located above the elongated frame 1 (generally one on the left and right sides, and sometimes the end cap and the windshield piece are combined into one Pieces, then one for each of the left and right sides), these components are known in the art, not shown.
  • the frame-shaped elongated skeleton is curved, and its curved curvature is generally larger than the curved curvature of the windshield of the automobile.
  • the curved concave surface of the wiper is pressed against the windshield of the automobile, so that the rubber wiper strip contacts the windshield.
  • the wiper is lifted upward from its both ends and the curvature is reduced, so as to be reduced to the curvature of the windshield as a whole, so that the full length of the rubber wiper strip is in contact with the windshield Contact, so that the rain on the windshield can be removed.
  • the bending elastic distribution plays a very important role in the raining effect of the wiper.
  • the bending elastic distribution is uniform, and the pressure distribution is uniform.
  • the present invention is to design various frame structures in the region 4 between the main beam and the sub beam so that the downward pressure on the connecting device 5 above the middle portion of the wiper can be evenly distributed over the entire length of the rubber wiper strip of the wiper. Distribution, thereby achieving the object of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3B is an AA view of Fig. 3A.
  • the figure shows that a plurality of holes 29 are opened at a plurality of positions on the main beam 2, so that the two hook legs of the hooks 31 or 32 of the suspension sub-beam 3 project downward there.
  • Figure 3C is an A ' -A ' view of Figure 3A.
  • the figure shows that the two hook legs of the hook 31 or 32 have been passed through the hole 29, where they can usually be fixed by welding. It can also be seen from the following figures that in some cases the hooks 31 or 32 are not attached to the main beam, but Attached to the lower attachment of the main beam.
  • the attachment of the hook 31 or 32 to the main beam or its lower attachment piece may be fixed by other means such as non-welding, such as by riveting or by snap fit in a proper size.
  • Fig. 3D the hook 31 has been hung on the main beam 2 along the longitudinal direction of the elongated skeleton, and the two hook legs 35 project downwardly below the main beam 2, ready for the hook legs.
  • the hook tip 37 suspends the sub beam 3 (at the same time, the sub beam 3 holds the rubber wiper strip 6).
  • Fig. 3N is similar to the structure shown in Fig. 3D, showing that the hook 32 is hung on the main beam 2.
  • different pitch sizes usually 3 to 5 heights
  • Fig. 3G is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 3A showing a cross section of the wiper of the present invention.
  • the cross-section of the elongated skeleton 1 and the rubber wiper strip 6 and the connecting means 5 above the middle section of the elongated skeleton (connected to the main beam 2) can be seen.
  • the hook used is a hook 31, and the two hook legs 35 of the hook 31 suspend the two sub-beams 3 together with a rubber wiper strip 6.
  • Fig. 3P is a cross-sectional view taken along line B ' - B ' in Fig. 3A.
  • Figure 3P is similar to Figure 3G, but instead the hook 32 is hung on the main beam 2, and the two hook legs 35' of the hook 32 suspend the two sub-beams 3 and a rubber wiper strip 6, thereby Above the hook leg 35' there is a spacing groove 36 for adjusting and controlling the spacing for adjusting and controlling the spacing between the main beam 2 and the secondary beam 3.
  • Figures 3E and 3F (Figure 3F is a bottom view of Figure 3E) together show a rivet-slot connection 43 of limited sliding length.
  • a chute 50 is opened in the main beam 2
  • a hole is opened in the attachment piece, and the hole and the chute 50 are passed through the rivet 51.
  • the attachment of the attachment sheet to the main beam can in turn have a slidable length defined by the chute 50. This adjusts the elastic distribution of the frame-shaped elongated skeleton, that is, adjusts the pressure distribution of the wiper.
  • Fig. 3H shows the assembly 73 in which the connecting device 5 and the upper attachment sheet are combined.
  • the assembly 73 has both the function of the connecting device 5 and the upper attachment piece, and is formed by extending the bottom plate of the connecting device 5 to the left and right by an extension 74.
  • the extension 74 is linear in the horizontal direction. End The head 75 is curved to accommodate the connection to the main beam.
  • Figure 31 shows that the extension of the assembly 73 can be formed into a downwardly curved arc 74' or an upwardly curved arc 74" to accommodate different configurations.
  • Figure 3J shows the cross section of the rubber wiper strip 6 separately.
  • the left and right sides of the upper portion of the rubber wiper strip 6 have a pair of grooves 60, and the hook tips 37 of the hook legs 35 are inserted into the grooves 60 together with the pair of sub-beams 3, so that the hook tips 37 of the hooks 3 1 lift the sub-beams 3.
  • the sub beam 3 lifts the left and right side flaps 59 of the uppermost layer of the rubber wiper strip 6 to suspend and fix the rubber wiper strip 6.
  • Figure 3K shows that a notch 201 or 202 is made on the side of the main beam 2.
  • the notched (longitudinal) cutting line i.e., the notched line
  • the notched (longitudinal) cutting line may be a straight line (202) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main beam 2 or a diagonal line (201) at an angle 207 to the longitudinal axis of the main beam 2. It can also be a curved line or a broken line (not shown).
  • Reference numeral 200 denotes the midpoint of the main beam 2.
  • the notch 201 has a cutting length of 205 and a cutting width (depth) of 203, and its (longitudinal) cutting line (i.e., the notched line) is oblique and has an angle 207 with the longitudinal axis of the main beam 2.
  • the notch 202 has a cutting length of 206 and a cutting width of 204, and its (longitudinal) cutting line is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main beam 2.
  • the number of gaps made is 1 to 6 or more on each side of the main beam.
  • the cut-in depth (width) of the notch is 6% to 30% of the width of the main beam.
  • the total length of each notch on each side of the main beam is 5% to 30% of the total length of the main beam.
  • the angle 207 between the notched line of the notch (i.e., the longitudinal cutting line) and the longitudinal axis of the main beam is 0° to 30°. Making a notch on the side of the main beam changes the spring force distribution of the main beam and provides the desired conditions for the framed elongated skeleton.
  • Figures 3L and 3M show the clip clamping connection 42 of the main beam and the attachment (Fig. 3L is a bottom view of Fig. 3M).
  • a small notch 21 1 is opened at the corresponding position of the main beam 2 and the lower attachment piece (which may also be the upper attachment piece) 21 or 123. After aligning the position, the clip 210 is placed on the notch 21 1 and clamped.
  • Fig. 4A is a side view of the elongated skeleton 11 showing the basic form of Embodiment 1.
  • the middle and right ends of the elongated skeleton 1 1 can be seen in the figure, since the elongated skeleton is bilaterally symmetric The structure, so the left end and the right end are exactly the same, so the left end is not drawn, and some of the figures are drawn as follows.
  • Reference numeral 21 denotes a lower attached piece below the main beam 2.
  • the lower attachment piece 21 is similar to the main beam 2, and is made of an elastic metal piece, and is also formed in an arc shape, but its concave surface faces upward, opposite to the curved concave surface of the main beam 2, and a space is formed therebetween.
  • the curvature of the main beam 2 and the lower attachment piece 21 are not large, and the spacing between the two is not as large as that shown in the figure.
  • Reference numerals 41, 42 and 43 denote connections at the contact positions of the lower attachment piece 21 and the main beam 2
  • 41 denotes fixing by welding
  • 42 denotes fixing by a clip clamping method (Fig. 3L, Fig.
  • FIG. 3M 3M
  • 43 denotes a limited sliding length
  • the rivet-slot connection method is fixed (Fig. 3E, Fig. 3F).
  • Reference numeral 31 denotes the aforementioned hook which is suspended and fixed to the main beam 2, and a pair of hook legs which are extended are suspended by the hook tip 37 to a pair of sub-beams 3 which are parallel to each other in the same horizontal plane. It can be seen that for the sub-beam 3 just under the lower attachment piece 21 (in the middle section of the lower attachment piece 21 and the main beam 2), the hook 31 is mounted on the lower attachment piece 2] instead of being mounted on the main beam 2, the following There are similar situations in the picture.
  • the elastic distribution of the main beam is changed, so that the elastic distribution of the entire elongated skeleton is changed.
  • the most suitable conditions can be found, so that the elastic distribution of the entire elongated frame is most reasonable.
  • the pressure distribution along the entire length of the elongated skeleton is most reasonable, achieving the object of the present invention.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Fig. 4B shows another form of the elongated skeleton of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which the lower attachment piece 22 is attached below the middle section of the main beam 2 of the elongated frame 12.
  • the lower attachment piece 22 includes a section of the arc having a concave upward direction, thereby adjusting the elastic distribution of the elongated skeleton to have flexible conditions.
  • the structure shown in the figure is similar to that of Fig. 4A and will not be repeated. The rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Fig. 4C shows still another form of the elongated skeleton of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which the lower attachment piece 23 is attached below the middle section of the main beam 2 of the elongated skeleton 13.
  • the lower attachment piece 23 includes three arc-shaped concave upwards, thereby adjusting the elastic distribution of the elongated skeleton to have more flexible conditions.
  • Figure The structure shown in Fig. 4A or 4B is similar. The rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Fig. 4D shows a variation of the form shown in Fig. 4C.
  • the frame-shaped elongated skeleton 13-1 is similar to the elongated skeleton 13 of FIG. 4C
  • the lower attachment sheet 123 includes three segments of the left segment, the middle segment and the right segment, wherein the two ends of the lower segment of the middle segment Both are connected to the lower surface of the main beam 2, and the left end of the lower segment of the left segment is still in contact with the lower surface of the main beam 2, except that the right end of the lower segment of the left segment and the lower end of the lower segment of the middle segment are close to the left end.
  • the right end of the lower segment of the right segment is still connected to the lower surface of the main beam 2, except that the left end of the lower segment of the right segment is in contact with the portion of the lower segment of the middle segment near the right end.
  • the main beam 2 is connected to the lower attachment piece 123 in the above-described overlapping form to form a unique frame structure.
  • the rest of the figures in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Fig. 4E shows still another form of the elongated skeleton of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the structure of the elongated frame 18 is similar to that of the elongated frame 1 1 of Fig. 4A except that the lower attachment piece 24 is mounted below the middle section of the main beam 2.
  • the bending curvature of the lower attachment piece 24 is extremely small, close to or equal to a straight line, and is not concavely upward or downward.
  • the feature of this structure is that the lower attachment sheet 24 is easy to prepare, but still achieves the desired effect.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • the lower attachment piece 24 can also be implemented in two or three stages as in Figs. 4B and 4C, and can also be implemented, which is omitted in the drawings and not shown.
  • the three-stage lower attachment piece 24 may be overlapped as in the three-stage lower attachment piece 123 of Fig. 4D, and may be similarly omitted, and is not shown here.
  • the lower attachment sheets (21, 22, 23, 24, 123, etc.) of the present embodiment may be one or more segments, generally up to five segments, and that multiple segments may be inconvenient or uneconomical.
  • the number of the hooks 31 can be generally from 4 to 16, depending on the length of the wiper and the specific design arrangement. In the following embodiments 2, 3, 4 and 5, the number of hooks is the same.
  • the hooks 3 are suspended from the hooks 37 so that the hooks 37 are in contact with the subframes 3, the hooks and the subframes 3 may be connected together or may be relatively slid without being connected; or Two of the plurality of hooks are connected, and the other of the two parts are not connected.
  • the purpose is also to adjust the pressure distribution of the frame structure of the entire wiper to achieve the object of the present invention.
  • the connection may be soldered or otherwise. In the following embodiments 2, 3, 4 and 5, the case of connection or disconnection is the same. Implementation 2
  • 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F respectively show the frame-shaped elongated skeletons 15 5, 15- 1, 15-2, 15-3, 16 and 17 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5A is a side view of the elongated skeleton 15 showing the basic form of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 72 denotes a main beam of the elongated skeleton 15, and the middle portion of the main beam 72 does not conform to the predetermined curved trajectory and deviates from the curved trajectory.
  • the overall orientation of the main beam 72 is still concave below the arc, but its middle section is a small section 68 that is integral with it.
  • the elongated skeleton 15 shown in Fig. 5A has one small section 68.
  • the width, thickness and elasticity of the segment 68 are generally substantially the same as the body segment of the resilient main beam 72 (but there may be exceptions), but its curvature is the same or different from the body segment.
  • the bending direction of the small section 68 is opposite to the main body section and is concave upward, so that the main beam 72 is discontinuous in the middle section and has a sudden change in curvature.
  • the assembly 73 which is formed by combining the connecting means 5 and the upper attachment piece complements the entire running curve of the main beam 72, wherein
  • the extension 74' causes the appearance of the main beam 72 to be complemented by a continuous arc of downward concave curvature.
  • the width, thickness and elasticity of the extension 74' may be the same or different than the elastic main beam 72.
  • Reference numeral 41 or 42 is the two connection points of the extension section 74' and the elastic main beam 72, and the assembly 73 and the main beam 72 are fixed by welding or clip clamping connection.
  • the assembly 73 in which the connecting device 5 and the upper attachment sheet are combined is then connected to the end of the wiper arm of the automobile (similar to the subsequent figures).
  • Each of the hooks 3 1 is attached to the main body section or the small section 68 of the main beam 72 so as to suspend the two sub-beams 3 while suspending the rubber wiper strip 6 (the situation in the subsequent figures is similar).
  • the elastic distribution of the entire elongated skeleton changes.
  • adjusting the length and curvature of the segment 68, along with adjusting the width, thickness, and material used of the extension 74' will find the most suitable conditions for the entire frame-like elongated skeleton.
  • the elastic distribution is most reasonable, which in turn makes the pressure distribution along the entire length of the elongated skeleton most reasonable, thereby achieving the object of the present invention.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Figure 5B is one of the variations of the basic form shown in Figure 5A.
  • the framed elongated skeleton 1 5- 1 in the figure is similar to the elongated skeleton 15 of Figure 5A, except that the extended section 74' of Figure 5A is concave downward, while the extended section 74 of Figure 5B is not.
  • the meanings of the symbols are the same as before.
  • Fig. 5C is a second variation of the basic form shown in Fig. 5A.
  • the framed elongated skeleton 15-2 in the drawing is similar to the elongated skeleton 15 or 15-1 of Fig. 5A or Fig. 5B, except that the extended section in the figure is changed to an extended section 74 in which the arc is curved upward. It is apparent that the curvature of the extension 74" cannot be greater than the curvature of the segment 68, which is also concave upward, to complete the configuration. In the figure, the meanings of the symbols are the same as before.
  • Fig. 5D is a third variation of the basic form shown in Fig. 5A.
  • the framed elongated skeleton 15-3 in the drawing is similar to the elongated skeleton 15 or 1-5-1 or 15-2 of Fig. 5A or Fig. 5B or Fig. 5C, except that the extended section 74' in the figure is It is also concave downward, but its curvature is larger than the curvature of the curved path of the main beam 72 at that point (but it can be the same or slightly smaller, not shown in the figure). shape.
  • the elongated skeleton 15-3 will be identical to the elongated skeleton 15 of Fig. 5A.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Fig. 5E shows another form of the elongated skeleton of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the elongated skeleton 16 is similar to the elongated skeleton 15 of Fig. 5A, except that the middle portion of the main beam 82 of the elongated skeleton 16 has two small segments 68, that is, the elastic main beam 82 has two arcuate mutations and is upwardly concave.
  • the curved segment 68 but the overall curved shape is still concave downward.
  • Above the two-segment curved upwardly curved section 68 is an assembly 73 which is formed by combining the connecting means 5 and the upper attachment sheet covering the two small sections 68, and the extension section 74' is to span two small sections.
  • Reference numeral 41 or 42 is a connection point of the extension portion 74' with the main beam 82 or a small portion thereof, and is fixed by welding or a clip clamping connection. The rest of the figures in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Fig. 5F shows still another form of the elongated skeleton of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the elongated skeleton 17 is similar to the elongated skeletons (15, 16) of Figs. 5A and 5E, except that the middle section of the main beam 92 of the elongated skeleton 17 has three sections 68, that is, the main beam 92 has 3
  • the section arc is abruptly deformed and the curved section 68 is upwardly curved, but the overall curved shape is still concave downward.
  • An arc in the middle Above the concavely curved segment 68 is an assembly 73 which is formed by combining the connecting device 5 and the upper attachment piece covering the small segment. Above the left and right segments 68 is an upper attachment piece 65 covering the two segments, thus The appearance of the main beam 92 becomes a continuous arc of downward concave curvature.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • the small segments 68 used in this embodiment may be one or more segments, generally up to five segments, and that multiple segments may be inconvenient or uneconomical.
  • Fig. 6A shows a frame-type elongated skeleton 19 of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the elongated skeleton 19 is similar to the elongated skeleton 15 of Fig. 5A, except that the middle portion of the main beam 102 of the elongated skeleton 19 has a segment 69 having a small curvature which is close to or equal to a straight line. Can't say whether it is concave upward or downward.
  • the curvature of the extended section 74' of the assembly 73 which is formed by the combination of the connecting means 5 and the upper attachment piece, is curved to have a larger curvature, i.e., greater than the curvature of the curved path of the main beam 102 there. .
  • Fig. 6B shows another mode of the frame type elongated skeleton of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the elongated skeleton 19-1 is similar to the elongated skeleton 19 of Fig. 6A except that the extension 74 of the assembly 73 formed by combining the attachment means 5 and the upper attachment is nearly straight, thus The assembly 73 is almost attached to the segment 69.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • FIG. 6A it is also possible to construct a frame-shaped elongated skeleton having a 2-segment or a 3-segment segment but adopting a linear segment 69 similar to that shown in FIGS. 5E and 5F, and can also be implemented. Slightly, not shown.
  • the extension 74' of the assembly 73 formed by combining the connecting means 5 and the upper attachment piece located above the small section 69 in Fig. 6A is changed to the lower attachment below the linear small section 69.
  • the lower attachment piece is linear or concave upwardly curved, and the connecting means 5 is directly connected to the linear small section 69, which can also be implemented, which is omitted from the figure, not shown.
  • Fig. 6C shows still another mode of the frame type elongated skeleton of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the middle portion of the main beam 102 is a small section 69 which is close to a straight line, but without any form of the upper or lower attachment piece, the connecting means 5 is directly connected to the small section 69.
  • the frame-shaped elongated skeleton is formed only by the main beam with a straight segment and the two sub-beams below it. This is a simple and implementable way.
  • the small segments 69 used in this embodiment may be one or more segments, generally up to five segments, and that multiple segments may be inconvenient or uneconomical.
  • Fig. 7A is a side view of a frame-type elongated skeleton 15a showing the basic form of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 72a denotes a main beam of the elongated skeleton 15a.
  • the middle section of the elastic main beam 72a does not conform to the predetermined curved trajectory and deviates from the curved trajectory.
  • the overall course of the main beam 72a is a concave downward curved shape, and its middle section is a small section 68a which is integral with it.
  • the small segment 68a is also curved concave downward, but its curvature of curvature is greater than the curvature of the curved path of the middle segment of the main beam 72a, forming a sudden change in curvature.
  • An assembly 73 formed by combining the attachment means 5 and the upper attachment piece is disposed above the small section 68a, wherein the curved portion of the extension portion 74' is concave downward and has a curvature greater than the curvature of the small segment 68a.
  • the assembly 73 together with the lower main beam 72a and the secondary beam 3 form the frame structure required by the present invention.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before. Fig.
  • FIG. 7B is a side view of the frame-type elongated skeleton 17a showing another form of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 92a denotes a main beam
  • the middle portion of the main beam 92a does not conform to the predetermined curved trajectory and deviates from the curved trajectory.
  • the arcuate concave downward section 68c provided in the middle portion of the main beam 92a has three sections, and the curvature of the small section 68c is larger than the curvature of the curved locus of the middle section of the main beam 92a, forming a sudden change in curvature.
  • an assembly 73 is formed by combining the attachment means 5 with the upper attachment piece, wherein the curved section of the extension 74' is concave downwardly and has a curvature greater than the curvature of the small section 68c.
  • an upper attachment piece 65a is provided, which is also concave downward and has a curvature greater than that of the small section 68c, thus constituting the frame structure required by the present invention.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • Fig. 8A is a side view of the frame-shaped elongated skeleton 15b showing still another form of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the frame-type elongated skeleton shown in Fig. 8A is similar to the skeleton 15a shown in Fig. 7A except that the downwardly curved extended section 74' in the skeleton 15a is changed to the upper concave curved portion in the figure.
  • Attachment piece 21, at the same time, the connecting device 5 is instead placed directly on the small section 68a.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • the downwardly concave lower attachment piece 21 can also be changed to a straight line shape or a slightly downwardly concave shape, which can also be implemented, which is omitted from the figure, not shown.
  • Fig. 8B is a side view of the frame-shaped elongated skeleton 17b showing still another form of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the frame-type elongated skeleton shown in Fig. 8B is similar to the skeleton 17a shown in Fig. 7B, except that the respective upper attachment pieces 65a or extensions 74' of the downwardly concave curved portion in the skeleton 17a are changed to the same figure.
  • the downwardly bent lower attachment piece 23, while the attachment means 5 is instead placed directly on the small section 68c.
  • the rest of the numbers in the figure have the same meaning as before.
  • the respective lower attachment pieces 23 of the upwardly concave curved shape can also be changed to a straight shape or slightly downwardly concave, which can also be carried out, which is omitted from the figure, not shown.
  • Figure 9 shows a frame-type elongated skeleton 14 of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the main The middle section of beam 2 conforms to the predetermined curve trajectory.
  • the elongated skeleton of this embodiment does not use the lower attachment sheet or the upper attachment sheet, but the hook 32 is used to adjust the spacing between the main beam 2 and the sub-beam 3.
  • the hook 32 used is as shown in the foregoing FIG. 3N and FIG. 3P, and the spacing grooves 36 of the hook 32 are spaced apart in different sizes (heights). For example, in the middle section, the hooks can be moved to the ends by using the hooks with large intervals. The smaller the spacer 32 is.
  • a hook without a spacer may be used, that is, a hook 31 is used.
  • the spacing between the main beam 2 and the sub-beam 3 can be made larger in the middle section of the main beam 2 (ie, the middle section of the frame-shaped elongated skeleton, or the middle section of the entire wiper), and the spacing is shifted to both ends. Gradually decreasing, thereby producing the effect of the frame structure, and realizing the basic technical features of the present invention.
  • the spacing between the main beam 2 and the sub-beam 3 can also be modified in other ways, not shown here.
  • the main beams (2, 72, 72a, 82, 92, 92a and 102) and the small sections (68, 68a, 68c and 69) of the modified main beam can be made to be notched.
  • FIG. 3K is either a curved line or a broken line.
  • the curved curvature of the elastic main beam 72 (or 72a, 82, 92, 92a, 102) has a sudden change in direction of 2 or more times (since the small section is set in the middle section) 68, 68a, 68c or 69), there are two ways to manufacture it: one is to use the whole rolling method, the whole metal sheet is rolled into two ends to meet the predetermined curve trajectory, and the middle section is rolled into the small section; The second is the manufacturing method provided by the present invention, that is, the welding connection is performed at a position where the arc curvature has a sudden change in direction by a plurality of stages, as shown in Figs. 10A and 10B.
  • Fig. 10A the end portions 61 and 62 of the two pieces of material 2a and 2b to be joined are formed (punched) into a finger-like (or serrated) shape which can be closely fitted to each other, and then pressed. Insert as shown by the two reverse arrows.
  • reference numeral 63 denotes an interposed joint where it is welded to form a strong joint.

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Description

雨刷器及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及雨刷器及其制造方法。 雨刷器适合与汽车上的雨刷臂连 接并得到动力， 在挡风玻璃表面以弧线运动往复刷擦， 从而刷去雨水， 起到保证良好的驾驶视线的作用。 背景技术
对汽车用的雨刷器的主要要求可如图 1所示。 图 1中的扇形表示雨刷 器在挡风玻璃上扫过的刷雨区， 标号 V表示主视区， 是驾驶者最需要看清 楚的区域，标号 V '表示两个边视区，驾驶者对这两个区的要求可以稍低。 在刷雨时， 雨刷器扫过的玻璃表面应当完全被水湿润， 形成透视良好的 水膜， 不应当有水湿不到的似 "花脸" 状的 "干区" ； 水膜要很薄， 不 应当有水聚集成滴而似 "泪滴" 样流下； 也不应当出现和雨刷器扫过的 弧线轨迹一致的 "水线" 。 对于雨刷器刷雨效果的评价， 在 V区和 V ' 区 都不出现水线， 为优级； 只在 V' 区略有水线为次优级； 水线更多， 则等 级更次。
为了得到优质的雨刷器， 人们发现沿雨刷器的整个长度施加于挡风 玻璃上的压力分布越均匀， 则刷雨效果越好。 在图 2A和图 2B中， 横坐标 表示沿雨刷器长度的位置， 0是雨刷器的中点， 向左向右则移向雨刷器的 两端； 纵坐标表示雨刷器施加于玻璃表面的 "线压强 P " ， 即单位雨刷器 长度上所受的力， P可以以牛顿 /米 （N/m) 或牛顿 /厘米 （N/cm) 表示。 图 2A的曲线 C- 1与图 2B的曲线 C-2相比， 前者受测雨刷器的线压强较后者 受测雨刷器的线压强分布更均匀， 事实上也是前者的刷雨效果更好。
雨刷臂只是在其端部和雨刷器中段所设置的连接装置相连接， 也就 是只在连接点向雨刷器施加力。 要想把在这一个点施加的力通过长条形 的雨刷器骨架在 40-70cm长度的橡胶雨刷条上均匀分布到挡风玻璃上， 并 不是简单容易做到的。 本发明采取特定的雨刷器结构， 得到了满意的效 果。 发明内容
本发明提供一种雨刷器， 该雨刷器包括： 支撑该雨刷器的框架式长 条形骨架， 在该长条形骨架的中段的上方设置的与汽车的雨刷臂相连接 的连接装置， 以及由该长条形骨架支撑或悬挂的橡胶雨刷条， 所述长条 形骨架是弧形的并且具有弯曲弹性， 在使用时所述弧形的凹面向下朝向 汽车挡风玻璃， 并由于所述雨刷臂的下压力， 与挡风玻璃接触部位的反 作用力使该雨刷器的曲率改变， 使所述橡胶雨刷条的全长度与挡风玻璃 相接触而可以刷去挡风玻璃上的雨水：
所述长条形骨架的框架式结构包括 1条弹性的主梁和位于该主梁下 方并与该主梁大致平行的 1条或 2条弹性的副梁， 该主梁的主体在自由状 态下具有向下凹弯的特定的光滑连续曲线形， 该主梁的两端符合所述曲 线形的轨迹， 该主梁的中段符合所述的曲线形轨迹或偏离所述的曲线形 轨迹， 该主梁的中段的上方或下方可以设置上附片或下附片， 或者不设 置所述上附片或下附片， 然后与所述的 1条或 2条弹性的副梁一起、 构成 一种特定的框架结构； 由所述副梁支撑或悬挂所述橡胶雨刷条； 由设置 在该主梁上或该主梁的下附片上的多个吊钩使该副梁与该主梁连接； 所述特定的框架结构还可以附加选自以下的结构-
( 1 )在所述主梁的中段的下方， 可以设置 1至 5段具有弯曲弹性的下 附片， 该下附片是直线形的或弧形凹向上方的， 或者不设置所述下附片， 然后与所述的 1条或 2条弹性的副梁一起， 构成特定的框架结构；
( 2 ) 在所述主梁的两侧， 设置调节主梁弯曲性质的缺口， 然后与所 述的 1条或 2条弹性的副梁一起， 构成特定的框架结构；
( 3 )在所述主梁的中段， 制成 1至 5段与该主梁一体但偏离所述主梁 在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该小段是弧形凹向上方的， 并且在所述小 段的上方， 可以设置弧形凹向下方的或直线形的或弧形凹向上方的上附 片， 或者不设置所述上附片， 然后与所述的 1条或 2条弹性的副梁一起， 构成特定的框架结构； ( 4 )在所述主梁的中段， 制成 1至 5段与该主梁一体但偏离所述主梁 在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该小段是基本上直线形的， 并且在所述小 段的上方可以设置直线形或弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在所述小段的 下方可以设置直线形或弧形凹向上方的下附片， 或者不设置所述上附片 或下附片， 然后与所述的 1条或 2条弹性的副梁一起， 构成特定的框架结 构；
( 5 )在所述主梁的中段， 制成 1至 5段与该主梁一体但偏离所述主梁 在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该小段是弧形凹向下方的， 该小段的曲率 大于该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的曲率， 并且在该小段的上方可以设置 弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在该小段的下方可以设置直线形的或弧形 凹向上方的下附片， 或者不设置所述上附片或下附片， 然后与所述的 1条 或 2条弹性的副梁一起， 构成特定的框架结构； 以及
( 6 ) 在所述多个吊钩上， 在容纳所述副梁的槽的上方设置间隔槽， 该间隔槽的间距有不同的大小， 使得在该长条形骨架的中段该副梁与该 主梁的间距与在该长条形骨架的两端的所述间距互不相同。
其中， 所述特定的框架结构所具有的弹性的副梁是 2条， 它们是位于 同一水平并且互相平行， 所述设置在该主梁上或该主梁的下附片上的多 个吊钩是与该主梁或该下附片固定连接到一起的， 并且具有从该主梁或 该主梁的下附片向下延伸的 2条吊钩腿， 所述 2条副梁的基本上全长度、 连同各个吊钩腿的钩尖部分， 分别嵌入所述橡胶雨刷条的左侧和右侧的 沟槽中， 由各个吊钩的 2条吊钩腿分别钩吊而悬起所述 2条副梁， 并由所 述 2条副梁托起所述橡胶雨刷条， 所述主梁与上附片或下附片的连接， 可 以是焊接或铆接， 或用卡子夹紧连接， 或采用有限滑动长度的铆钉 -滑槽 连接。
其中， 当所述主梁的中段具有所述的下附片时， 所述吊钩在该主梁 的中段是设置在所述下附片上。
其中， 当所述主梁的中段具有所述的上附片时， 所述与汽车的雨刷 臂相连接的连接装置和所述上附片构成一个组合件， 即将该连接装置的 底板向左右延伸而形成上附片， 所述连接装置的底板向左右延伸的延长 段可以是直线形的， 或凹向下方的， 或凹向上方的。
其中， 在所述主梁的中段的下方， 设置 1段或 2段或 3段具有弯曲弹性 的、 直线形的或弧形凹向上方的下附片， 当所述下附片是 2 段或 3段时， 各段下附片是分段的或连成一个整体， 各段下附片的始端与末端与所述 主梁的下表面接触和连接， 或是所述的始端与末端之一与另一个下附片 的表面接触和连接。
其中， 所述的下附片具有左段、 中段和右段共 3段并且是直线形的或 弧形凹向上方的， 所述中段下附片的两端、 左段下附片的左端和右段下 附片的右端是与所述主梁的下表面接触和连接， 并且所述左段下附片的 右端是与所述中段下附片的近左端部位接触和连接， 所述右段下附片的 左端是与所述中段下附片的近右端部位接触和连接。
其中， 在所述主梁的两侧， 设置调节主梁弯曲性质的缺口， 所述缺 口的数目在该主梁的每一侧各有 1至 6个或更多， 所述缺口的宽度 （即切 入深度） 是该主梁的宽度的 6%至 30%， 该主梁的每一侧的所述缺口的总 长度是该主梁总长度的 5%至 30%, 所述缺口的缺口线与该主梁的纵轴线 具有 0 ° 至 30 ° 的夹角。
其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中 段制成 1段或 2段或 3段与该主梁一体的、 弧形向上凹弯的小段， 在所述小 段的上方， 可以设置弧形凹向下方的或直线形的或弧形凹向上方的上附 片， 或不设置所述上附片， 当所述上附片是弧形凹向下方时， 该上附片 的曲率可以等于或大于该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的曲率， 所述上附片 的每一段的始端和末端与所述主梁或所述小段接触和连接。
其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中 段制成 1段或 2段或 3段与该主梁一体的、 基本上直线形的小段， 并且可以 在所述小段的上方设置直线形或弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在所述小 段的下方设置直线形或弧形凹向上方的下附片， 或不设置所述上附片或 下附片， 所述上附片或下附片的每一段的始端和末端与所述主梁或所述 小段接触和连接。 其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中 段制成 1段与该主梁一体的、 基本上直线形的小段， 并且在所述小段的上 方设置弧形凹向下方的上附片， 该上附片的曲率等于或大于该主梁在该 处的曲线形轨迹的曲率。 并且在所述小段的上方设置由上附片和与汽车 的雨刷臂相连接的连接装置合并而构成的组合件， 该组合件向左右伸出 的延长段是弧形凹向下方的。
其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中 段制成 1段或 2段或 3段与该主梁一体的、 弧形向下凹弯的小段， 该小段的 曲率大于该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的曲率， 并且可以在该小段的上方 设置弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在该小段的下方设置直线形的或弧形 凹向上方的下附片， 或不设置所述上附片或下附片， 所述上附片或下附 片的每一段的始端和末端与所述主梁或所述小段接触和连接。
其中， 在所述主梁的中段偏离该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并具有 所述与该主梁一体的小段的情况下， 所述主梁的全长度是由多个分段在 各个曲率突变的部位互相连接而成的， 所述分段的数目是所述小段的数 目加 2, 在各个分段互相连接的部位把要连接的 2个端头制成能互相嵌合 的手指状， 互相插接嵌合并进行悍接， 然后进行必要的热处理和整理而 成。
本发明的一种制造雨刷器的方法， 所述雨刷器的长条形骨架具有一 条主梁， 该主梁的主体的曲线形轨迹是向下凹弯的， 在所述主梁的中段 有 1至 5段直线形的、 或弧形向上凹弯的、 或弧形向下凹弯的与该主梁一 体但偏离所述主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该主梁的制造方法是-
( 1 ) 准备宽度、 厚度和弹性符合要求的长条形金属片；
( 2 )按各段所要求的曲率， 把长条形金属片轧制成所要求的弯曲曲 率， 或按需要保持直线形；
( 3 ) 切成各段所需的长度；
( 4 )把每一对准备互相连接的长条形金属片的两端， 冲切成能互相 嵌合的指状； ( 5 )把每一对准备互相连接的长条形金属片的互相嵌合的手指状两 端， 插接嵌合， 然后在插接嵌合部位焊接连接；
( 6 ) 进行必要的热处理和整理工序。 附图说明
图 1是对雨刷器性能的一般性讨论的示意图。
图 2A和 2B 是雨刷器对挡风玻璃的压力分布的一般性举例的示意 图。
图 3A至 3P (包括图 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G, 3H, 31, 3J, 3K, 3L,
3M, 3N和 3P)是本发明的雨刷器的结构示意图。
图 4A， 4B, 4C, 4D和 4E是本发明第 1实施方案的框架式长条形骨架 的结构示意图。
图 5A， 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E和 5F是本发明第 2实施方案的框架式长条形 骨架的结构示意图。
图 6A, 6B和 6C是本发明第 3实施方案的框架式长条形骨架的结构 示意图。
图 7A， 7B , 8A和 8B是本发明第 4实施方案的框架式长条形骨架 的结构示意图。
图 9是本发明第 5实施方案的框架式长条形骨架的结构示意图。 图 10A和 10B是本发明第 2、 3、 4实施方案的主梁的制造方法之一 的示意图。 具体实施方式
在本发明中：
1 )所提到的雨刷器或其框架式长条形骨架的中段（区域）是指靠近 雨刷器整个长度的中点的区域或者是靠近用来与汽车的雨刷臂相连接的 连接装置的区域。 该区域的范围在不同的场合有所不同， 该范围自所述 中点起向雨刷器的两个端头各延伸该雨刷器总长度的 10%至 35%; 在所 述中段之外更远离该中点的区域称为两端； 2 )所说的雨刷器或其框架式长条形骨架的上方是指该雨刷器在使用 状态下远离挡风玻璃的一方， 所说的下方是指朝向挡风玻璃的一方。
3 )所提到的主梁在自由状态（不受外力）下具有向下凹弯的特定的 光滑连续曲线轨迹。 在不同情况下， 该主梁的各段可以符合该轨迹或者 偏离该轨迹。 所述特定的曲线是指符合某种基本数学曲线， 例如圆， 椭 圆， 正弦曲线， 正切曲线， 抛物线， 双曲线， 指数及对数曲线等等。 若 有两种曲线连接， 则应当是光滑连续的。
4 ) 关于主梁的主体， 当该主梁的全长度都符合所述的曲线轨迹时， 就是指全长度的主梁本身； 当该主梁的两端符合所述的曲线轨迹而该主 梁的中段偏离该曲线轨迹时， 是指所述主梁的两端本身连同该主梁在中 段的曲线轨迹所成的整体。
5 )在各附图中， 为了能看清楚特征趋向， 各向下和向上凹弯的弧形 的曲率多数是夸大绘制的， 实际实物的弯曲曲率一般没有那么大。
图 3A示出本发明的雨刷器。 该雨刷器包括框架式长条形骨架 1 和 橡胶雨刷条 6， 以及位于长条形骨架 1的中段上方的连接装置 5， 连接装 置 5供与汽车的雨刷臂相连接。 把橡胶雨刷条 6安装在长条形骨架 1 上 而成为雨刷器。 此处为了看得清楚， 将橡胶雨刷条 6分开画出， 并以点 划线 130表示橡胶雨刷条 6本应当安装在长条形骨架 1上。长条形骨架 1 包括弹性的主梁 2和位于该主梁下的弹性的副梁 3， 这两者大致互相平 行。 在主梁 2和副梁 3 之间有区域 4 (图中以涂灰色表示） ， 区域 4代 表本发明的各个实施方案所构造而成的特定框架结构， 在后面分别详细 阐明。
此处的区域 4代表本发明的一项基本特征： 即仅由主梁本身和副梁 形成的框架结构， 或者先将主梁进行结构改变然后和副梁形成的框架结 构。 该框架结构还可以附加选自以下的结构： （1 ) 在主梁的中段附加若 干段下附片或上附片而成为改变后的主梁， 然后与副梁一起构成所述的 框架结构； （2 ) 在所述主梁 （以及在主梁的中段所改制的小段） 的两侧 设置调节主梁弯曲性质的缺口， 然后与所述的弹性的副梁一起构成特定 的框架结构； （3 )把主梁的中段改制成与该主梁一体但偏离该主梁在该 处的曲线轨迹的若干段小段， 然后附加 （或不附加） 下附片或上附片而 成为改制后的主梁， 然后再与副梁一起构成所述的框架结构； 以及 （4 ) 不改制主梁的中段， 也不用下附片或上附片， 而只是由主梁本身和副梁 改变二者之间不同部位的间距而形成所述的框架结构。
在橡胶雨刷条 6上有沟槽 60， 如图 3J所示。 安装后， 副梁 3的基 本上全长度是嵌入到橡胶雨刷条 6的沟槽 60之中而把橡胶雨刷条 6吊起 (或托起） 。
通常， 一个完整的雨刷器还包括位于长条形骨架 1两端的端帽和位 于长条形骨架 1 上方的风挡片 （一般是左右方各一个， 有时端帽和风挡 片两者合制成一件， 然后左右方各安装一件） ， 这些部件属于已知技术， 图中未示出。
框架式长条形骨架制成弧形的， 其弧形的弯曲曲率一般是大于汽车 挡风玻璃的弯曲曲率。 在使用时， 由于雨刷臂的向下压力， 使雨刷器的 弧形凹面压向汽车的挡风玻璃， 从而橡胶雨刷条与挡风玻璃接触。 由于 挡风玻璃的反作用力， 使雨刷器从其两端起被向上托而曲率减小， 减小 到其整体上接近于挡风玻璃的曲率而使橡胶雨刷条的全长度与挡风玻璃 相接触， 从而可以刷去挡风玻璃上的雨水。
框架式长条形骨架具有的弯曲弹性如何， 特别是沿该长条形骨架长 度的弯曲弹性分布， 尤其是在中段被压向挡风玻璃的情况下从中段起向 两端延伸到不同部位的弯曲弹性分布情况， 对于雨刷器的刷雨效果起着 非常重要的作用。 弯曲弹性分布均匀， 可使压力分布均匀。 本发明就是 在主梁和副梁之间的区域 4设计各种框架结构， 使得在雨刷器中段上方 的连接装置 5所受到的向下压力能在雨刷器的橡胶雨刷条的全长度上均 匀地分布， 从而达到本发明的目的。
图 3B是图 3A中的 A-A视图。 该图示出在主梁 2上的多个位置开 出一对孔 29， 使悬吊副梁 3的吊钩 31或 32的两条吊钩腿在该处向下伸 出。 图 3C是图 3A中的 A ' -A ' 视图。 该图示出己把吊钩 31或 32的两 条吊钩腿在孔 29处穿过， 通常在该处可以是以焊接法固定。 从后面的附 图中还可看到， 在有些情况下， 吊钩 31 或 32不是附装在主梁上， 而是 附装在主梁的下附片上。 另外， 吊钩 31或 32与主梁或其下附片的连接 固定也可采用非焊接的其他方式， 例如用铆接法固定或者依靠尺寸精密 配合而卡装在适当位置。
在图 3D中， 沿着长条形骨架的纵向示出吊钩 31已挂在主梁 2上， 并且两条吊钩腿 35向下伸出到主梁 2之下， 准备用吊钩腿的钩尖 37悬 吊副梁 3 (同时， 副梁 3托起橡胶雨刷条 6 ) 。 在制造吊钩 31 时， 按需 要制造成具有不同的高度 61的尺寸， 用以适应主梁 2与副梁 3之间在不 同位置的不同间距大小， 通常可制造成 3至 5种高度。 图 3N与图 3D所 示的结构相似，示出了吊钩 32挂在主梁 2上。 吊钩 32的两条吊钩腿 35 ' 连同其钩尖 37向下伸出到主梁 2之下， 两条吊钩腿 35 ' 的容纳副梁的槽 的上方有间隔槽 36。在制造间隔槽 36时， 按需要制造成不同的间距大小 (通常可制造成 3至 5种高度） ， 以便调节并控制主梁 2与副梁 3之间 的间距大小。
图 3G是图 3A中的 B-B剖视图，示出了本发明的雨刷器的一个剖面。 图中可以看到长条形骨架 1和橡胶雨刷条 6的剖面以及长条形骨架中段 上方 （连接到主梁 2之上） 的连接装置 5。 在图 3G中可看到所用的吊钩 是吊钩 31， 吊钩 31 的两条吊钩腿 35把两条副梁 3和一条橡胶雨刷条 6 一起悬吊。 图 3P是图 3A中的 B ' -B ' 剖视图。 图 3P与图 3G相似， 但 改为将吊钩 32挂在主梁 2上， 吊钩 32的两条吊钩腿 35 ' 把两条副梁 3 和一条橡胶雨刷条 6 起悬吊， 从而两条吊钩腿 35 ' 的上方具有调节并 控制间距的间隔槽 36，用以调节并控制主梁 2与副梁 3之间的间距大小。
图 3E和图 3F (图 3F是图 3E的仰视图） 一同示出有限滑动长度的 铆钉-滑槽连接 43。在下附片 (或者是上附片) 21或 123与主梁 2连接的部 位， 在主梁 2中开出滑槽 50， 在附片上开洞并且用铆钉 51穿过该洞和滑 槽 50， 使附片和主梁连接又可以具有由滑槽 50所限定的可滑动长度。这 样来调节框架式长条形骨架的弹性分布， 也就是调节雨刷器的压力分布。
图 3H示出连接装置 5与上附片合并而成的组合件 73。组合件 73兼 有连接装置 5和上附片的功能， 并且是通过把连接装置 5的底板向左、 右伸出延长段 74而成。 在此图中， 延长段 74是水平方向直线形的。 端 头部 75弯成弧形， 以适应与主梁的连接。
图 31示出组合件 73的延长段可以制成向下凹弯的弧形 74 ' 或向上 凹弯的弧形 74 " ， 分别用以适应不同的构造情况。
图 3J单独示出橡胶雨刷条 6的横截面。橡胶雨刷条 6的上部的左右 两侧有一对沟槽 60， 吊钩腿 35的钩尖 37连同一对副梁 3嵌入到沟槽 60 中， 从而吊钩 3 1的钩尖 37吊起副梁 3。 然后， 副梁 3托起橡胶雨刷条 6 最上层的左右侧翼片 59而实现对橡胶雨刷条 6的悬吊和固定。
图 3K示出在主梁 2的侧边做出缺口 201或 202。 缺口的 （纵向） 切 割线 （即缺口线） 可以是与主梁 2的纵轴平行的直线 （202 ) ， 或者是与 主梁 2的纵轴有夹角 207的斜线 （201 ) 。 还可以是弧形线或折线 （图中 未示出） 。 标号 200表示主梁 2的中点。 缺口 201的切割长度是 205， 切 割宽度 （深度） 是 203， 它的 （纵向） 切割线 （即缺口线） 是斜的， 与主 梁 2的纵轴有夹角 207。 缺口 202的切割长度是 206， 切割宽度是 204， 它的 （纵向） 切割线与主梁 2 的纵轴平行。 做出缺口的数目在主梁的每 一个侧各有 1 至 6个或更多。 所述缺口的切入深度 （宽度） 是主梁的宽 度的 6%至 30%。 主梁的每一侧的各个缺口的总长度是主梁总长度的 5% 至 30%。所述缺口的缺口线（即纵向切割线）与主梁的纵轴线的夹角 207 是 0° 至 30° 。 在主梁的侧边做出缺口， 可以改变主梁的弹力分布， 提 供使该框架式长条形骨架合乎要求的条件。
图 3L和图 3M示出主梁和附片的卡子夹紧连接 42 (图 3L是图 3M 的仰视图） 。 在主梁 2和下附片 (也可以是上附片) 21或 123的对应位置 开出小缺口 21 1。 对准位置后， 把卡子 210套在缺口 21 1上， 夹紧而成。
以上图 3A至图 3P阐明本发明的雨刷器的基本构造， 只有主梁 2和 副梁 3之间的框架区域 4尚未举例说明， 现通过以下各个实施方案加以 阐明。 实施方案 1
图 4A是长条形骨架 1 1的侧视图， 示出了实施方案 1的基本形式。 图中可以看到长条形骨架 1 1的中段和右端，由于长条形骨架是左右对称 结构， 所以左端和右端完全相同， 故略去左端未画出， 此后的一些图也 是这样绘制的。 在此图中， 示出了弹性的主梁 2 的中段符合预定曲线轨 迹的情况。 标号 21表示主梁 2下方的下附片。 下附片 21和主梁 2相似， 用弹性金属片制成， 也制成弧形， 但它的凹面向上， 与主梁 2 的弧形凹 面相对，两者之间产生间距。实际上，主梁 2和下附片 21的曲率都不大， 两者之间的间距也没有图中所表现的那么大， 这里是为了能看清楚特征 而采用夸张画法， 此后的图中也有类似情况。 标号 41， 42和 43表示下 附片 21和主梁 2的接触位置处的连接， 41表示以焊接固定， 42表示以 卡子夹紧方法固定 （图 3L, 图 3M ) ， 43表示以有限滑动长度的铆钉-滑 槽连接方法固定（图 3E， 图 3F)。 标号 31表示前述吊钩， 该吊钩悬挂并固 定在主梁 2上， 伸下来的一对吊钩腿由钩尖 37悬吊起在同一水平面互相 平行的一对副梁 3。 可以看出， 对于恰好在下附片 21 下 （在下附片 21 和主梁 2的中段）的副梁 3， 吊钩 31安装在下附片 2】上， 而不是安装在 主梁 2上， 以下的图中也有类似情况。 图中在每个吊钩 31处， 副梁 3和 相应位置的主梁 2或下附片 21之间留有一点点距离， 作为预留的空间， 准备嵌入橡胶雨刷条 6上部的侧翼片 59而同时悬吊起橡胶雨刷条 6。
由于在弹性的主梁 2的中段下方安装了下附片 21， 所以使主梁的弹 性分布变化， 从而使整个长条形骨架的弹性分布变化。 在具体的设计中， 调节下附片 21的长度、 宽度、 厚度、 弧形曲率和使用的材料（的弹性） ， 就可以找到最适宜的条件， 使得整个长条形骨架的弹性分布最合理， 从 而使得沿长条形骨架整个长度的压力分布最合理， 达到本发明的目的。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
图 4B示出本发明实施方案 1 的长条形骨架的另一形式， 其中长条 形骨架 12的主梁 2的中段下方安装了下附片 22。 下附片 22包括 1段凹 向上方的弧形， 从而调节长条形骨架的弹性分布有灵活的条件。 图中所 示的结构与图 4A相似， 不再重复阐述。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
图 4C示出本发明实施方案 1 的长条形骨架的又一形式， 其中长条 形骨架 13的主梁 2的中段下方安装了下附片 23。 下附片 23包括 3段凹 向上方的弧形， 从而调节长条形骨架的弹性分布有更为灵活的条件。 图 中所示的结构与图 4A或 4B相似。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
图 4D示出图 4C所示形式的变化方式。 在图 4D中， 框架式长条形 骨架 13- 1与图 4C的长条形骨架 13相似， 下附片 123包括左段、 中段和 右段共 3段， 其中， 中段下附片的两端都是与主梁 2的下表面相接， 左 段下附片的左端仍与主梁 2 的下表面相接， 不同之处是左段下附片的右 端与中段下附片的靠近左端的部位相接； 右段下附片的右端仍与主梁 2 的下表面相接， 不同之处是右段下附片的左端与中段下附片的靠近右端 的部位相接。 这样， 主梁 2与 3段呈上述交叠形式的下附片 123相连接， 形成独特的框架结构。 图中其余标号含义同前。
图 4E示出本发明实施方案 1 的长条形骨架的还一形式。 长条形骨 架 18的结构与图 4A的长条形骨架 1 1相似，不同之处是在主梁 2的中段 下方安装了下附片 24。 下附片 24的弯曲曲率极小， 接近或等于直线， 说 不上是凹向上方还是下方。 这种结构的特点是下附片 24容易制备， 但仍 可得到符合要求的效果。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
与图 4E的方式相似，下附片 24也可以像图 4B和 4C那样有 2段或 3段， 也同样可以实施， 此处图中省略， 未示出。 或者参照图 4D那样， 使 3段下附片 24仿照图 4D的 3段下附片 123那样交叠， 也同样可以实 施， 此处图中省略， 未示出。
本实施方案的下附片 （21、 22、 23、 24、 123等等） 可以是 1 段的 或多段的， 一般最多可达到 5段， 再多段将会不方便或不经济。
在本实施方案 1 中， 吊钩 31 的数目一般可由 4个至 16个， 视雨刷 器的长度和具体设计安排而定。 在以下的实施方案 2、 3、 4和 5中， 吊 钩的数目与此相同。
在各个吊钩悬吊起弹性的副梁 3而使钩尖 37与副梁 3接触的部位， 吊钩和副梁 3可以是连接到一起的， 或者是不连接而可以相对滑动的； 或者在多个吊钩中一部分中两者连接， 另一部分中两者不连接。 其目的 也是为了调节整个雨刷器的框架结构的压力分布， 从而达到本发明的目 的。 所述的连接可以是焊接， 或者用其它方式。 在以下的实施方案 2、 3、 4和 5中， 连接或不连接的情况与此相同。 实施方案 2
图 5A， 5B， 5C, 5D，5E和 5F分别示出本发明实施方案 2的框架式 长条形骨架 1 5、 15- 1、 15-2、 15-3、 16和 17。
图 5A是长条形骨架 1 5的侧视图，示出了本发明实施方案 2的基本 形式。 在图 5A中， 标号 72表示长条形骨架 15的主梁， 主梁 72的中段 不符合预定曲线轨迹而偏离所述曲线轨迹。主梁 72的整体走向仍是凹向 下方的弧形， 但是它的中段是与之成为整体的一部分的小段 68。 图 5A 所示的长条形骨架 15具有 1个小段 68。 小段 68的宽度、 厚度和弹性与 弹性主梁 72的主体段通常是基本一致 （但也可以有例外） ， 但它的弯曲 曲率与主体段相同或不同。 特别地， 小段 68的弯曲方向与主体段相反而 凹向上方， 使主梁 72在中段成为不连续的且曲率有突变的形状。 与此同 时， 在主梁 72的中段， 尽管小段 68向下弯而有下垂， 然而由连接装置 5 与上附片合并而成的组合件 73把主梁 72的整体走向的弧线补足， 其中 的延长段 74 ' 使主梁 72的外观被补足为向下凹弯的连续弧线。 延长段 74 ' 的宽度、厚度和弹性与弹性主梁 72可以相同或不同。标号 41或 42 是延长段 74 ' 与弹性主梁 72的 2个连接点， 组合件 73与主梁 72以焊 接或夹子夹紧连接而固定。
可以看到， 在本实施方案中， 连接装置 5与上附片合并而成的组合 件 73然后与汽车的雨刷臂的端头连接 （其后的各图中与此相似） 。 各个 吊钩 3 1是附装在主梁 72的主体段或小段 68上， 以便悬吊 2条副梁 3同 时悬吊橡胶雨刷条 6 (其后的各图中的情况与此相似） 。
由于主梁 72在其中段的小段 68使其曲率突变，以及 2段延长段 74 ' 和与之连接在一起的连接装置 5 的作用， 使得整个长条形骨架的弹性分 布变化。 在具体的设计中， 调节小段 68的长度和曲率， 连同调节延长段 74 ' 的宽度、 厚度和使用的材料（的弹性）， 就可以找到最适宜的条件， 使得整个框架式长条形骨架的弹性分布最合理， 进而使得沿长条形骨架 整个长度的压力分布最合理， 从而达到本发明的目的。 图中其余标号的 含义同前。 图 5B是图 5A所示的基本形式的变化形式之一。图中的框架式长条 形骨架 1 5- 1与图 5A的长条形骨架 1 5相似， 不同之处是图 5A的延长段 74 ' 是凹向下方的， 而图 5B的延长段 74没有凹向上或凹向下的弧弯， 而是基本上直线形的。 图中其佘标号的含义同前。
图 5C是图 5A所示的基本形式的变化形式之二。图中的框架式长条 形骨架 15-2与图 5A或图 5B的长条形骨架 15或 15- 1相似，不同之处是 图中的延长段改为弧弯凹向上方的延长段 74 "。 很明显， 延长段 74 " 的 曲率不能大于同样也是凹向上方的小段 68的曲率， 方可完成构形。 图中 其佘标号的含义同前。
图 5D是图 5A所示的基本形式的变化形式之三。图中的框架式长条 形骨架 15-3与图 5A或图 5B或图 5C的长条形骨架 15或 1 5- 1或 15-2相 似， 不同之处是图中的延长段 74 ' 虽然也是凹向下方的， 但它的曲率与 主梁 72在该处的曲线轨迹的曲率相比要大一些（但也可以相同， 也可以 略小一些， 图中未示出） ， 都可以完成构形。 当延长段 74 ' 的曲率与主 梁 72在该处的曲线轨迹的曲率相同时，长条形骨架 15-3将与图 5A的长 条形骨架 1 5完全相同。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
图 5E示出本发明实施方案 2 的长条形骨架的另一形式。 长条形骨 架 16与图 5A的长条形骨架 15相似，不同处是长条形骨架 16的主梁 82 的中段具有 2段小段 68，即弹性主梁 82具有 2段弧形突变而向上凹弯的 小段 68， 但整体弧形走向仍是向下凹弯的。 在 2段弧形向上凹弯的小段 68之上，是覆盖 2个小段 68的由连接装置 5与上附片合并而成的组合件 73 , 这时的延长段 74 ' 要跨过两个小段 68因而要做得长一些， 以便使 弹性主梁 82的外观成为向下凹弯的连续弧线。标号 41或 42是延长段 74 ' 与主梁 82或其小段的连接点， 以焊接或卡子夹紧连接而固定。 图中其余 标号的含义同前。
图 5F示出本发明实施方案 2的长条形骨架的又一形式。长条形骨架 17与图 5A和图 5E的长条形骨架 （15， 16 ) 相似， 不同之处是长条形骨 架 17的主梁 92的中段具有 3段小段 68， 即主梁 92具有 3段弧形突变 而向上凹弯的小段 68， 但整体弧形走向仍是向下凹弯的。 在中间一段弧 形向上凹弯的小段 68之上是覆盖该小段的由连接装置 5与上附片合并而 成的组合件 73， 左右两段小段 68之上是覆盖该两小段的上附片 65 , 这 样使主梁 92的外观成为向下凹弯的连续弧线。图中其余标号的含义同前。
对于图 5E和图 5F所示的具有 2个或 3个小段 68的情况来说， 也 πί以参照图 5B,图 5C和图 5D的方式， 在各个小段之上， 分别采用具有 直线形延长段 74的由连接装置 5与上附片合并而成的组合件 73，或具有 弧形凹向上方的延长段 74 " 的由连接装置 5与上附片合并而成的组合件 73 , 或是具有弧形凹向下方的延长段 74 ' 的由连接装置 5与上附片合并 而成的组合件 73， 都可以完成构形， 此处图中从略， 未示出。
本实施方案所用的小段 68可以是 1段的或多段的，一般最多可达到 5段， 再多段将会不方便或不经济。 实施方案 3
图 6A示出本发明的实施方案 3的框架式长条形骨架 19。 长条形骨 架 19与图 5A的长条形骨架 15相似， 不同之处是长条形骨架 19的主梁 102的中段具有〗段小段 69, 小段 69的弯曲曲率极小， 接近或等于直线 形， 说不上是凹向上方还是下方。 图中所示的由连接装置 5 与上附片合 并而成的组合件 73中的延长段 74 ' 的弧形向下弯曲的曲率较大， 即大 于主梁 102在该处的曲线轨迹的曲率。 但是， 若是延长段 74 ' 的弯曲曲 率等于或接近于主梁 102在该处的曲线轨迹的曲率， 无疑也是可以实施 的， 此方式图中未示出。 这类结构的特点是小段 69容易制备， 但仍可得 到符合要求的效果。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
图 6B示出本发明的实施方案 3的框架式长条形骨架的另一方式。 长条形骨架 19-1与图 6A的长条形骨架 19相似，不同之处是所用的由连 接装置 5与上附片合并而成的组合件 73中的延长段 74是接近直线的， 因此组合件 73与小段 69几乎相贴到一起。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
参照图 6A的方式， 也可以构造成与图 5E和图 5F所示相似的具有 2段或 3段小段但采用直线形小段 69的框架式长条形骨架， 也是可以实 施的， 此处图中从略， 未示出。 在本实施方案 3中， 把图 6A中的位于小段 69上方的由连接装置 5 与上附片合并而成的组合件 73之中的延长段 74 ' 改变为位于直线形小 段 69下方的下附片， 同时使该下附片是直线或凹向上方的弧形， 并且连 接装置 5直接连接到直线形小段 69上，也是可以实施的，此处图中从略， 未示出。 再参照图 5E和图 5F的方式而改为具有 2段或 3段直线形小段 69， 还可以构造出具有 2段或 3段直线形小段 69而釆用下附片是直线或 凹向上方的弧形的框架结构， 此处图中从略， 未示出。
图 6C示出本发明的实施方案 3 的框架式长条形骨架的又一方式。 在长条形骨架 19-2中， 主梁 102的中段是接近于直线形的小段 69， 但不 设置任何形式的上附片或下附片， 连接装置 5直接连接到小段 69上。 这 样， 只是由带有直线形小段的主梁和它下方的 2条副梁来构成框架式长 条形骨架。 这是一种简便而可以实施的方式。
仿照图 6C所示的方式， 具有 1段、 2段或 3段各种小段（包括直线 形、 弧弯凹向上方和弧弯凹向下方的各种小段） ， 不设置任何形式的上 附片或下附片， 而把连接装置 5直接连接到小段上的方式， 都是可以实 施的， 此处图中从略， 未示出。
本实施方案所用的小段 69可以是 1段的或多段的，一般最多可达到 5段， 再多段将会不方便或不经济。 实施方案 4
图 7A是框架式长条形骨架 1 5a的侧视图， 示出了本发明实施方案 4的基本形式。 在图 7A中， 标号 72a表示长条形骨架 1 5a的主梁。 弹性 的主梁 72a 的中段不符合预定曲线轨迹而偏离所述曲线轨迹。 主梁 72a 的整体走向是凹向下方的弧形， 它的中段是与之成为整体的一部分的小 段 68a。 小段 68a也是弧形凹向下方， 但它的弯曲曲率比主梁 72a中段的 曲线轨迹的曲率更大些， 形成曲率突变。 在小段 68a之上设置由连接装 置 5与上附片合并而成的组合件 73， 其中的延长段 74 ' 的弧形凹向下方 并且曲率大于小段 68a的曲率。 这样， 组合件 73与其下的主梁 72a和副 梁 3—起形成本发明所要求的框架结构。 图中其余标号的含义同前。 图 7B是框架式长条形骨架 17a的侧视图， 示出了本发明实施方案 4的另一形式。 在图 7B中， 标号 92a表示主梁，主梁 92a的中段不符合预 定曲线轨迹而偏离所述曲线轨迹。 在主梁 92a 的中段设置的弧形凹向下 方的小段 68c有 3段， 并且小段 68c的弯曲曲率比主梁 92a中段的曲线 轨迹的曲率更大些， 形成曲率突变。 在中部小段 68c 的上方， 设置由连 接装置 5与上附片合并而成的组合件 73， 其中的延长段 74 ' 的弧形凹向 下方， 并且曲率大于小段 68c的曲率。 在左右两个小段 68c的上方， 设 置上附片 65a ,上附片 65a也是凹向下方的并且曲率要大于小段 68c的曲 率， 这样来构成本发明所要求的框架结构。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
参照图 7A和图 7B， 也可以实施具有 2段小段和 2段上附片的类似 框架结构， 此处图中从略， 未示出。
图 8A是框架式长条形骨架 15b的侧视图， 示出了本发明实施方案 4的又一形式。 图 8A所示的框架式长条形骨架和图 7A所示的骨架 15a 相似， 不同之处是把骨架 15a中的向下凹弯的延长段 74 ' 改为本图中的 向上凹弯的下附片 21， 同时连接装置 5改为直接设置在小段 68a上。 图 中其余标号的含义同前。 还可看到， 向上凹弯的下附片 21也可以改成直 线形的， 或是稍有向下凹弯， 也是可以实施的， 此处图中从略， 未示出。
图 8B是框架式长条形骨架 17b的侧视图， 示出了本发明实施方案 4的还一形式。 图 8B所示的框架式长条形骨架和图 7B所示的骨架 17a 相似， 不同之处是把骨架 17a中的向下凹弯的各个上附片 65a或延长段 74 ' 改为本图中的向上凹弯的下附片 23， 同时连接装置 5改为直接设置 在小段 68c 上。 图中其余标号的含义同前。 还可看到， 向上凹弯的各个 下附片 23也可以改成直线形的， 或是稍有向下凹弯， 也是可以实施的， 此处图中从略， 未示出。
参照图 8A和图 8B， 也可以实施具有 2段小段和 2段下附片的类似 框架结构， 此处图中从略， 未示出。 实施方案 5
图 9示出本发明实施方案 5的框架式长条形骨架 14。 在此图中， 主 梁 2 的中段符合预定曲线轨迹。 此实施方案的长条形骨架不使用下附片 或上附片， 而是用吊钩 32来调节主梁 2和副梁 3 之间的间距。所用的吊 钩 32如前述图 3N和图 3P所示，吊钩 32的间隔槽 36的间隔有不同大小 (高度） ， 例如， 在中段可以用大间隔的吊钩， 越向两端移动， 使用越 小间隔的吊钩 32。 在最端部可能要用没有间隔槽的吊钩， 也就是使用吊 钩 3 1。如此，则可以使得主梁 2和副梁 3 之间的间距在主梁 2的中段（亦 即框架式长条形骨架的中段， 或整个雨刷器的中段） 比较大， 移向两端 则间距逐渐减小， 从而产生框架结构的效果， 实现本发明的基本技术特 征。 当然， 主梁 2和副梁 3 之间的间距也可以采用其它变化方式， 此处 图中未示出。
在本实施方案中， 在各个吊钩的钩尖 37悬吊起副梁 3 而与副梁 3 接触的部位， 有可能需要把吊钩和副梁固定到一起， 或者其中一部分吊 钩需要把两者固定到一起，使主梁 2和副梁 3 之间形成更强的框架结构， 用以调节沿长条形骨架长度的弹性分布， 从而使得沿长条形骨架整个长 度的压力分布最合理， 达到本发明的目的。 图中其余标号的含义同前。
在以上各个实施方案中， 所用的主梁 （2， 72 , 72a , 82， 92 , 92a 和 102 ) 和改制主梁的小段 （68， 68a , 68c和 69 ) 的两侧， 都可以做出 缺口， 如图 3K所示的或者是弧形线或折线形的。 由此而进一步调节框架 式长条形骨架的弹力分布， 实现本发明的目的。
在本发明的实施方案 2， 3和 4中， 弹性的主梁 72 (或 72a，82， 92， 92a, 102 ) 的弧形曲率有 2次或更多次的方向突变 （由于在中段设置小段 68,68a,68c或 69 ) ， 其加工制造有两种方式： 其一是采用整体轧制法， 把整条金属片轧制成两端符合预定曲线轨迹， 中段轧制成为所述小段； 其二是本发明提供的制造方法， 即采用多段连成一体的方式， 在每个弧 形曲率有方向突变的位置进行焊接连接， 如图 10A和图 10B所示。
在图 10A中， 在准备连接的两段材料 2a和 2b的端部 61和 62制成 (冲切成） 图中所示的可以互相严密嵌合的手指状 （或锯齿状） ， 然后 按该处两个反向箭头所示进行嵌插。嵌插后如图 10B所示， 标号 63表示 嵌插的接头， 在该处焊接， 成为牢固的接头。 再经过必要的热处理和整 理工序， 成为图中所示的弹性主梁 72 (或 72a,82，92,92a,102) 。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种雨刷器，该雨刷器包括：支撑该雨刷器的框架式长条形骨架， 在该长条形骨架的中段的上方设置的与汽车的雨刷臂相连接的连接装 置， 以及由该长条形骨架支撑或悬挂的橡胶雨刷条， 所述长条形骨架是 弧形的并且具有弯曲弹性， 在使用时所述弧形的凹面向下朝向汽车挡风 玻璃， 并由于所述雨刷臂的下压力， 与挡风玻璃接触部位的反作用力使 该雨刷器的曲率改变， 使所述橡胶雨刷条的全长度与挡风玻璃相接触而 可以刷去挡风玻璃上的雨水， 其特征是：
所述长条形骨架的框架式结构包括 1条弹性的主梁和位于该主梁下 方并与该主梁大致平行的 1条或 2条弹性的副梁， 该主梁的主体在自由 状态下具有向下凹弯的特定的光滑连续曲线形， 该主梁的两端符合所述 曲线形的轨迹， 该主梁的中段符合所述的曲线形轨迹或偏离所述的曲线 形轨迹， 由设置在该主梁上的或该主梁的下附片上的多个吊钩使该副梁 与该主梁连接， 构成一种特定的框架结构； 由所述副梁支撑或悬挂所述 橡胶雨刷条；
所述特定的框架结构还可以附加选自以下的结构：
( 1 )在所述主梁的中段的下方， 设置 1至 5段具有弯曲弹性的下附 片， 该下附片是直线形的或弧形凹向上方的；
( 2 ) 在所述多个吊钩上， 在容纳所述副梁的槽的上方设置间隔槽， 该间隔槽的间距有不同的大小， 使得在该长条形骨架的中段， 该副梁与 该主梁的间距与在该长条形骨架的两端的所述间距互不相同；
( 3 ) 在所述主梁的两侧， 设置调节主梁弯曲性质的缺口；
( 4 )在所述主梁的中段， 制成 1至 5段与该主梁一体但偏离所述主 梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该小段是弧形凹向上方的， 并且在所述 小段的上方， 可以设置弧形凹向下方的或直线形的或弧形凹向上方的上 附片；
( 5 )在所述主梁的中段， 制成 1至 5段与该主梁一体但偏离所述主 梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该小段是基本上直线形的， 并且在所述 小段的上方可以设置直线形或弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在所述小段 的下方可以设置直线形或弧形凹向上方的下附片； 以及
( 6 )在所述主梁的中段， 制成 1至 5段与该主梁一体但偏离所述主 梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该小段是弧形凹向下方的， 该小段的曲 率大于该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的曲率， 并且在该小段的上方可以设 置弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在该小段的下方可以设置直线形的或弧 形凹向上方的下附片。
2. 按照权利要求 1的雨刷器， 其中， 所述特定的框架结构所具有的 弹性的副梁是 2 条， 它们是位于同一水平并且互相平行， 所述设置在该 主梁上或该主梁的下附片上的多个吊钩是与该主梁或该下附片固定连接 到一起的， 并且具有从该主梁或该主梁的下附片向下延伸的 2条吊钩腿， 所述 2 条副梁的基本上全长度、 连同各个吊钩腿的钩尖部分， 分别嵌入 所述橡胶雨刷条的左侧和右侧的沟槽中， 由各个吊钩的 2条吊钩腿分别 钩吊而悬起所述 2条副梁， 并由所述 2条副梁托起所述橡胶雨刷条， 所 述主梁与上附片或下附片的连接， 可以是焊接或铆接， 或用卡子夹紧连 接， 或采用有限滑动长度的铆钉 -滑槽连接。
3. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器， 其中， 当所述主梁的中段具有所 述的下附片时， 所述吊钩在该主梁的中段是设置在所述下附片上。
4. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器， 其中， 当所述主梁的中段具有所 述的上附片时， 所述与汽车的雨刷臂相连接的连接装置和所述上附片合 并构成一个组合件， 即将该连接装置的底板向左右延伸而形成上附片， 所述连接装置的底板向左右延伸的延长段可以是直线形的， 或凹向下方 的， 或凹向上方的。
5. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器，其中，在所述主梁的中段的下方， 设置 1段或 2段或 3段具有弯曲弹性的、 直线形的或弧形凹向上方的下 附片， 当所述下附片是 2 段或 3段时， 各段下附片是分段的或连成一个 整体， 各段下附片的始端与末端与所述主梁的下表面接触和连接， 或是 所述的始端与末端之一与另一个下附片的表面接触和连接。
6. 按照权利要求 5的雨刷器， 其中， 所述的下附片具有左段、 中段 和右段共 3段并且是直线形的或弧形凹向上方的， 所述中段下附片的两 端、 左段下附片的左端和右段下附片的右端是与所述主梁的下表面接触 和连接， 并且所述左段下附片的右端是与所述中段下附片的近左端部位 接触和连接， 所述右段下附片的左端是与所述中段下附片的近右端部位 接触和连接。
7. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器， 其中， 在所述主梁的两侧， 设置 调节主梁弯曲性质的缺口，所述缺口的数目在该主梁的每一侧各有 1至 6 个或更多， 所述缺口的宽度即切入深度， 是该主梁的宽度的 6%至 30%， 该 主梁的每一侧的所述缺口的总长度是该主梁总长度的 5%至 30%。
8. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器， 其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该主 梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中段制成 1段或 2段或 3段与该主梁一 体的、 弧形向上凹弯的小段， 在所述小段的上方， 可以设置弧形凹向下 方的或直线形的或弧形凹向上方的上附片， 所述上附片的每一段的始端 和末端与所述主梁或所述小段接触和连接。
9. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器， 其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该主 梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中段制成 1段或 2段或 3段与该主梁一 体的、 基本上直线形的小段， 并且可以在所述小段的上方设置直线形或 弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在所述小段的下方设置直线形或弧形凹向 上方的下附片， 所述上附片或下附片的每一段的始端和末端与所述主梁 或所述小段接触和连接。
10. 按照权利要求 9的雨刷器， 其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该主梁 在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中段制成 1 段与该主梁一体的、 基本上直 线形的小段， 并且在所述小段的上方设置弧形凹向下方的上附片， 该上 附片的曲率等于或大于该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的曲率。
1 1. 按照权利要求 4的雨刷器， 其中， 在所述小段的上方设置由上 附片和与汽车的雨刷臂相连接的连接装置合并而构成的组合件， 该组合 件向左右伸出的延长段是弧形凹向下方的。
12. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器， 其中， 所述主梁的中段偏离该 主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并在该中段制成 1段或 2段或 3段与该主梁 一体的、 弧形向下凹弯的小段， 该小段的曲率大于该主梁在该处的曲线 形轨迹的曲率， 并且可以在该小段的上方设置弧形凹向下方的上附片， 或是在该小段的下方设置直线形的或弧形凹向上方的下附片， 所述上附 片或下附片的每一段的始端和末端与所述主梁或所述小段接触和连接。
13. 按照权利要求 1或 2的雨刷器， 其中， 在所述主梁的中段偏离 该主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹， 并具有所述与该主梁一体的小段的情况下， 所述主梁的全长度是由多个分段在各个曲率突变的部位互相连接而成 的， 所述分段的数目是所述小段的数目加 2, 在各个分段互相连接的部位 把要连接的 2个端头制成能互相嵌合的手指状， 互相插接嵌合并进行焊 接， 然后进行必要的热处理和整理而成。
14. 一种制造雨刷器的方法， 所述雨刷器的长条形骨架具有一条主 梁， 该主梁的主体的曲线形轨迹是向下凹弯的， 在所述主梁的中段有 1 至 5段直线形的、 或弧形向上凹弯的、 或弧形向下凹弯的与该主梁一体 但偏离所述主梁在该处的曲线形轨迹的小段， 该主梁的制造方法的特征 是：
( 1 ) 准备宽度、 厚度和弹性符合要求的长条形金属片； (2)按各段所要求的曲率， 把长条形金属片轧制成所要求的弯曲曲 率， 或按需要保持直线形；
(3) 切成各段所需的长度；
(4)把每一对准备互相连接的长条形金属片的两端， 冲切成能互相 嵌合的手指状；
(5)把每一对准备互相连接的长条形金属片的互相嵌合的手指状两 端， 插接嵌合， 然后在插接嵌合部位焊接连接；
(6) 进行必要的热处理和整理工序。
PCT/CN2012/070895 2011-05-19 2012-02-06 雨刷器及其制造方法 WO2012155542A1 (zh)

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US9150197B2 (en) 2015-10-06
CA2789534A1 (en) 2012-11-19
US20130067679A1 (en) 2013-03-21

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