WO2012153393A1 - 二次電池及び二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池及び二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012153393A1 WO2012153393A1 PCT/JP2011/060771 JP2011060771W WO2012153393A1 WO 2012153393 A1 WO2012153393 A1 WO 2012153393A1 JP 2011060771 W JP2011060771 W JP 2011060771W WO 2012153393 A1 WO2012153393 A1 WO 2012153393A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery including a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode active material layer containing negative electrode active material particles, and a method for manufacturing the secondary battery.
- a secondary battery including a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode active material layer containing negative electrode active material particles is known.
- the negative electrode active material particles those made of carbon such as graphite are known, and it is also known that the negative electrode active material layer is formed of two types of negative electrode active material particles made of carbon.
- negative electrode active material layers are made of negative electrode active material particles made of low-temperature calcined carbon obtained by calcining volatile organic materials obtained from coal or petroleum pitch at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or less, and , And negative electrode active material particles made of a fibrous carbonaceous material or graphite (refer to the claims of Patent Document 1).
- the capacity retention rate can be improved in a cycle test in which charging / discharging at a low rate (current value 1C, etc.) is repeated over a wide SOC range by configuring the negative electrode active material layer in such a configuration. Yes.
- negative electrode active material particles comprising a graphitizable carbon material obtained by firing a negative electrode active material layer at a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C., such as petroleum pitch, polyacene, polysiloxane, etc. And negative electrode active material particles made of a non-graphitizable carbon material obtained by firing petroleum pitch, polyacene, polysiloxane or the like at a temperature of 500 to 800 ° C. (Patent Document 2).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 even when the negative electrode active material layer is formed of two types of negative electrode active material particles made of carbon, the durability of the secondary battery may be inferior. That is, in the secondary batteries of Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example, a “high-rate discharge cycle” in which at least a charge and discharge at a high rate for a short time is repeated, such as a discharge at 30 C for 10 seconds and a charge at 30 C for 10 seconds. When the “test” is performed, the battery resistance is greatly increased as compared to before the test.
- a “high-rate discharge cycle” in which at least a charge and discharge at a high rate for a short time is repeated, such as a discharge at 30 C for 10 seconds and a charge at 30 C for 10 seconds.
- the present invention has been made in view of the current situation, and it is difficult to increase battery resistance even when charging / discharging at a high rate is repeated, and a secondary battery having good durability and the secondary battery.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a secondary battery that can be easily manufactured.
- One embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem is a secondary battery including a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode active material layer containing negative electrode active material particles, wherein the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode active material particles.
- the secondary battery may be a secondary battery having a specific surface area difference ⁇ S of 0 to 2.1 m 2 / g.
- Another embodiment is a secondary battery including a negative electrode plate having a negative electrode active material layer containing negative electrode active material particles, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes graphite particles made of graphite as the negative electrode active material particles.
- a difference in specific surface area ⁇ S ( Sb ⁇ Sa) between the specific surface area Sb of the amorphous carbon particles and the specific surface area Sa of the graphite particles, a -0.3 ⁇ 2.6m 2 / g and a method of manufacturing a secondary battery, the negative electrode active material paste preparation step of preparing a negative active material paste, with the negative active material paste, the negative active A negative electrode plate forming step of forming a material layer and forming the negative electrode plate, wherein the negative electrode active material paste preparation step comprises mixing the graphite particles and the amorphous carbon particles to form the negative electrode active material. Active material mixing step for obtaining a mixture of particles, and the negative electrode active material And a pasting step of forming the negative electrode active material paste using the mixture of particles.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a lithium ion secondary battery according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a wound electrode body according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a partial plan view illustrating a state in which the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are overlapped with each other via a separator according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a preparation process of a negative electrode active material paste according to the first embodiment.
- 6 is a graph showing DC resistance of an initial secondary battery for each of the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- 5 is a graph showing capacity retention ratios after “low rate cycle test” for lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the rate of increase in resistance of the DC resistance of the secondary battery after the “high-rate discharge cycle test” for each of the lithium ion secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a vehicle according to a second embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the hammer drill which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a vehicle according to a second embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the hammer drill which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- Lithium ion secondary battery (secondary battery) 120 wound electrode body 121 positive electrode plate 131 negative electrode plate 132 negative electrode current collector foil 133 negative electrode active material layer 135 negative electrode active material particle 135a graphite particle 135b amorphous carbon particle 141 separator 700 hybrid automobile (vehicle) 800 Hammer drill (Battery-operated equipment)
- FIG. 1 shows a lithium ion secondary battery (secondary battery) 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows a wound electrode body 120 constituting the lithium ion secondary battery 100.
- FIG. 3 shows a state where the wound electrode body 120 is developed.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 100 (hereinafter also simply referred to as the secondary battery 100) is a prismatic battery that is mounted on a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, or a battery using device such as a hammer drill.
- the secondary battery 100 includes a rectangular battery case 110, a wound electrode body 120 accommodated in the battery case 110, a positive electrode terminal 150 and a negative electrode terminal 160 supported by the battery case 110, and the like. (See FIG. 1).
- a non-aqueous electrolyte 117 is held in the battery case 110.
- the wound electrode body 120 is accommodated in an insulating film enclosure 115 formed in a bag shape with only the upper side opened of the insulating film, and is accommodated in the battery case 110 in a laid state ( (See FIG. 1).
- a belt-like positive electrode plate 121 and a belt-like negative electrode plate 131 are overlapped with each other via a belt-like separator 141 having air permeability (see FIG. 3), wound around an axis AX, and flattened. (See FIG. 2).
- the positive electrode plate 121 has a positive electrode current collector foil 122 made of a strip-shaped aluminum foil as a core material. On both main surfaces of the positive electrode current collector foil 122, the positive electrode active material layers 123 and 123 are strip-shaped in the longitudinal direction (left and right direction in FIG. 3) on a part extending in the longitudinal direction and extending in the longitudinal direction. Is provided.
- the positive electrode active material layer 123 is composed of positive electrode active material particles, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- active material particles active material particles made of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , acetylene black (AB) as a conductive additive, and polyvinylidene fluoride (AB) as a binder PVDF) is used.
- a strip-shaped portion where the positive electrode current collector foil 122 and the positive electrode active material layers 123 and 123 exist in the thickness direction of the positive electrode plate 121 is the positive electrode portion 121 w.
- the positive electrode portion 121w faces a negative electrode portion 131w (described later) of the negative electrode plate 131 through the separator 141 in a state where the wound electrode body 120 is configured (see FIG. 3).
- one end part in the width direction (upward in FIG. 3) of the positive electrode current collector foil 122 extends in a band shape in the longitudinal direction, and has its own thickness.
- the positive electrode current collector portion 121m has no positive electrode active material layer 123 in the direction. A part of the positive electrode current collector 121m in the width direction protrudes from the separator 141 to the one axial side SA in a spiral shape and is connected to the positive electrode terminal 150.
- the negative electrode plate 131 has a negative electrode current collector foil 132 made of a strip-shaped copper foil as a core material.
- negative electrode active material layers 133 and 133 are band-like in the longitudinal direction (left and right direction in FIG. 3) on a portion extending in the longitudinal direction and extending in the longitudinal direction. Is provided.
- the negative electrode active material layer 133 is composed of negative electrode active material particles 135, a binder, and a thickener described later.
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- the negative electrode active material layer 133 includes, as the negative electrode active material particles 135, graphite particles 135a made of graphite (spheroidized graphite in the first embodiment) and amorphous carbon (in the first embodiment, Amorphous carbon particles 135b made of low-temperature calcined coke).
- the mixing ratio (weight ratio) between the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b is 70:30.
- the “specific surface area” is determined according to JIS K6217-2 (carbon black for rubber—basic characteristics—part 2: determination of specific surface area—nitrogen adsorption method—single point method).
- a strip-shaped portion where the negative electrode current collector foil 132 and the negative electrode active material layers 133 and 133 exist in the thickness direction of the negative electrode plate 131 is the negative electrode portion 131w.
- the entire area of the negative electrode portion 131w faces the separator 141 in a state where the wound electrode body 120 is configured.
- one end portion (downward in FIG. 3) in the width direction of the negative electrode current collector foil 132 extends in a band shape in the longitudinal direction and has its own thickness.
- the negative electrode current collector portion 131m has no negative electrode active material layer 133 in the direction.
- a part of the negative electrode current collector 131m in the width direction protrudes from the separator 141 toward the other axial side SB in a spiral shape, and is connected to the negative electrode terminal 160.
- the separator 141 is a porous film made of resin, specifically, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), and has a strip shape.
- the secondary battery using only the graphite particles 135a without using the amorphous carbon particles 135b as the negative electrode active material particles 135 has an advantage of lowering the initial battery resistance and increasing the battery output.
- a “low rate cycle test” in which charging / discharging at a low rate is repeated over a wide range of SOCs, such as repeating discharging at 2C from SOC 100% to 0% and charging at 2C from SOC 0% to 100%. As a result, the battery capacity is greatly reduced.
- the secondary battery using only the amorphous carbon particles 135b without using the graphite particles 135a as the negative electrode active material particles 135 can suppress a decrease in battery capacity when the above-mentioned “low rate cycle test” is performed. On the contrary, the initial battery resistance is increased and the battery output is decreased although there is an advantage.
- the negative electrode active material particles 135 forming the negative electrode active material layer 133 are composed of graphite particles 135a and amorphous carbon particles 135b as described above. . Since the graphite particles 135a have higher electrical conductivity than the amorphous carbon particles 135b, the secondary battery 100 including the graphite particles 135a in the negative electrode active material particles 135 has low initial battery resistance and high battery output. . In addition, since the secondary battery 100 includes the amorphous carbon particles 135b in the negative electrode active material particles 135, a decrease in battery capacity can be suppressed even when the above-described “low rate cycle test” is performed.
- the difference in specific surface area is ⁇ S> 2.6 m 2 / g
- the reactivity of the amorphous carbon particles 135b in the negative electrode active material layer 133 is too high compared to the reactivity of the carbon particles 135a.
- the reaction proceeds with the amorphous carbon particles 135b, while the “reaction unevenness” that makes it difficult for the graphite particles 135a to occur occurs.
- an SEI film is gradually formed on the amorphous carbon particles 135b where the reaction is likely to occur. Therefore, also in this case, as the SEI film increases, it is considered that the resistance of the negative electrode active material layer 133 and the negative electrode plate 131 increases and the battery resistance also increases.
- the specific surface area difference ⁇ S (m 2 / g) is set to ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ 2.6. If the difference ⁇ S in specific surface area is within this range, the difference in reactivity between the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b in the negative electrode active material layer 133 is sufficiently small. And the amorphous carbon particles 135b have the same and well-balanced reactions (the above-mentioned “reaction unevenness” hardly occurs).
- the above-described specific surface area difference ⁇ S (m 2 / g) is set to be narrower 0 ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ 2.1. For this reason, the difference in reactivity between the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b in the negative electrode active material layer 133 is further reduced, so that the reaction between the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b during the high-rate discharge cycle. The difference in sex is further reduced. For this reason, even if charging / discharging which discharges at a high rate is repeated, the formation of the SEI film on the negative electrode active material particles 135 can be more effectively suppressed, and the battery resistance can be more effectively suppressed from increasing.
- the specific surface area Sa of the graphite particles 135a is set to 1.0 to 8.0 m 2 / g. For this reason, when charging / discharging at a high rate is repeated, reaction unevenness is less likely to occur, and it is possible to more effectively suppress the formation of the SEI film on the negative electrode active material particles 135 and to increase the battery resistance. It can be effectively suppressed.
- the specific surface area Sb of the amorphous carbon particles 135b is set to 2.0 to 10.0 m 2 / g. For this reason, when charging / discharging which discharges at a high rate is repeated, it is possible to more effectively suppress the formation of the SEI film on the negative electrode active material particles 135, and it is possible to more effectively suppress the battery resistance from increasing.
- the positive electrode plate 121 is manufactured. That is, a positive electrode current collector foil 122 made of a strip-shaped aluminum foil is prepared. Then, a positive electrode active material paste containing positive electrode active material particles, a conductive material, and a binder is applied to one main surface of the positive electrode current collector foil 122 while leaving a strip-shaped positive electrode current collector portion 121m extending in the longitudinal direction. Then, it is dried with hot air to form a strip-like positive electrode active material layer 123.
- the above-described positive electrode active material paste is applied to the main surface on the opposite side of the positive electrode current collector foil 122 while leaving the belt-like positive electrode current collector portion 121m, and dried with hot air. 123 is formed. Then, in order to improve an electrode density, the positive electrode active material layers 123 and 123 are compressed with a pressure roll. Thus, the positive electrode plate 121 is formed (see FIG. 3).
- the negative electrode plate 131 is manufactured. That is, a negative electrode current collector foil 132 made of a strip-shaped copper foil is prepared.
- a negative electrode active material paste preparation step a negative electrode active material paste containing negative electrode active material particles 135, a binder and a thickener is prepared (see FIG. 4).
- the active material mixing step S1 the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b are uniformly mixed using a biaxial kneader to obtain a mixture of the negative electrode active material particles 135.
- a thickener CMC in the first embodiment
- a solvent in this embodiment 1, water
- the negative electrode active material particles 135 and the thickener are added to the water. Disperse uniformly. Specifically, first, after adding a small amount of water to the mixture of the negative electrode active material particles 135 to which the thickener is added and kneading, the remaining water is added to dilute the negative electrode active material particles. 135 and a thickener are uniformly dispersed in water to form a paste.
- binder mixing process S4 a binder (SBR in this Embodiment 1) is added and mixed with this.
- the thickener mixing step S2, the solvent dispersion step S3, and the binder mixing step S4 correspond to the “pasting step” described above.
- the negative electrode active material layer 133 is formed using this negative electrode active material paste, and the negative electrode plate 131 is formed.
- the negative electrode active material paste is applied on one main surface of the negative electrode current collector foil 132 while leaving the strip-shaped negative electrode current collector portion 131m extending in the longitudinal direction, and dried with hot air.
- a negative electrode active material layer 133 is formed.
- the negative electrode active material paste is applied to the main surface on the opposite side of the negative electrode current collector foil 132 while leaving the strip-shaped negative electrode current collector 131m, and dried with hot air to form a strip-shaped negative electrode active material layer.
- 133 is formed.
- the negative electrode active material layers 133 and 133 are compressed with a pressure roll.
- the negative electrode plate 131 is formed (see FIG. 3).
- the battery assembly process is performed. That is, a strip-shaped separator 141 is prepared, the positive electrode plate 121 and the negative electrode plate 131 are overlapped with each other via the separator 141 (see FIG. 3), and wound around the axis AX using a winding core. Thereafter, this is compressed into a flat shape to form a wound electrode body 120 (see FIG. 2). Next, the wound electrode body 120 is accommodated in the battery case 110, and the positive electrode terminal 150 and the negative electrode terminal 160 are fixed to the battery case 110. Further, a nonaqueous electrolytic solution 117 is injected into the battery case 110. Thus, the secondary battery 100 is completed.
- the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b are preliminarily prepared in preparing the negative electrode active material paste (in the negative electrode active material paste preparation step). Mixing is performed to obtain a mixture of negative electrode active material particles 135 (active material mixing step S1). Thereafter, using the mixture of the negative electrode active material particles 135, a paste is formed to form a negative electrode active material paste (paste forming steps S2 to S4). And using the negative electrode active material paste prepared in this way, the negative electrode active material layer 133 is formed and the negative electrode plate 131 is formed (negative electrode plate formation process).
- a negative electrode active material paste in which graphite particles 135a and amorphous carbon particles 135b are uniformly dispersed in a solvent can be easily prepared. Therefore, the negative electrode plate 131 in which the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b are uniformly dispersed in the negative electrode active material layer 133, and the secondary battery 100 having the negative electrode plate 131 can be easily formed.
- Example 1 the secondary battery 100 of Embodiment 1 was prepared.
- Example 2 a secondary battery having the same specific surface area Sb as that of the amorphous carbon particles 135b of 4.3 m 2 / g and the same as that of the above-described Embodiment 1 was prepared.
- Example 3 the specific surface area Sb of the amorphous carbon particles 135b was 4.6 m 2 / g, as Example 4, the specific surface area Sb was 5.0 m 2 / g, and as Example 5, the specific surface area Sb was 6.7 m. 2 / g, as Example 6, a secondary battery having a specific surface area Sb of 7.2 m 2 / g and other than that was prepared in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 was prepared.
- Comparative Example 1 a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 except that only the graphite particles 135a were used as the negative electrode active material particles 135 without using the amorphous carbon particles 135b. Further, as Comparative Example 2, a secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 except that only the amorphous carbon particles 135b were used as the negative electrode active material particles 135 without using the graphite particles 135a.
- the specific surface area Sb of the amorphous carbon particles 135b is 3.9 m 2 / g
- the specific surface area Sb of the amorphous carbon particles 135b is 7.9 m 2 / g
- secondary batteries similar to those in the first embodiment were prepared.
- the initial DC resistance of each of the secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was measured. Specifically, the impedance of the secondary battery was measured at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C., and the distance from the zero point to the intercept with the X axis in the cole-cole plot was defined as the DC resistance. The result is shown in FIG.
- each secondary battery according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 using graphite particles 135a and amorphous carbon particles 135b as negative electrode active material particles 135, and negative electrode active material particles 135 were obtained.
- the DC resistance of the secondary battery was about 26 ⁇ . These resistance values are sufficiently higher than the DC resistance (about 32 ⁇ ) of the secondary battery according to Comparative Example 2 using only the amorphous carbon particles 135b without using the graphite particles 135a as the negative electrode active material particles 135. It was low.
- the direct current resistance of the secondary battery is increased.
- the graphite particles 135a are used for at least a part of the negative electrode active material particles 135, the DC resistance of the secondary battery can be kept low.
- the reason for such a result is considered as follows. That is, the amorphous carbon particles 135b have lower electrical conductivity than the graphite particles 135a. Therefore, in the secondary battery according to Comparative Example 2 using only the amorphous carbon particles 135b without using the graphite particles 135a as the negative electrode active material particles 135, the resistance of the negative electrode active material layer 133 and the negative electrode plate 131 is increased. The DC resistance of the secondary battery is also increased. On the other hand, in each of the secondary batteries according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 4 in which the negative electrode active material particles 135 include the graphite particles 135a, the graphite particles having higher electrical conductivity than the amorphous carbon particles 135b. When 135a is present in the negative electrode active material layer 133, it is considered that the resistance of the negative electrode active material layer 133 and the negative electrode plate 131 is reduced, and the DC resistance of the secondary battery is also reduced.
- each secondary battery was charged from 0% to 100% SOC at 2C at an environmental temperature of 60 ° C. Subsequently, the secondary battery was discharged from 100% to 0% SOC at 2C. This charging / discharging was made into 1 cycle, and this was repeated 1000 cycles. Thereafter, the battery capacity was measured, and the capacity retention rate (%) relative to the battery capacity before the test was calculated. The result is shown in FIG.
- the capacity retention rate after the “low rate cycle test” is lowered.
- the capacity retention rate after the “low rate cycle test” can be increased by using the amorphous carbon particles 135 b for at least a part of the negative electrode active material particles 135.
- the reason for such a result is considered as follows. That is, the graphite particles 135a are greatly expanded and contracted as compared with the amorphous carbon particles 135b due to insertion and release of lithium ions accompanying charging and discharging.
- an SEI film may be formed on the negative electrode active material particles 135. If the expansion / contraction during charging / discharging is large, the SEI coating is liable to crack. When a crack occurs in the SEI film, a new SEI film is formed in the cracked portion, so that the total amount of the SEI film gradually increases.
- the reason for such a result is considered as follows. That is, if the specific surface area difference ⁇ S is smaller than ⁇ 0.3 m 2 / g, the reactivity of the graphite particles 135a in the negative electrode active material layer 133 becomes too high compared to the reactivity of the amorphous carbon particles 135b. In addition, during the high-rate discharge in the “high-rate discharge cycle test”, the reaction proceeds with the graphite particles 135a, whereas the “reaction unevenness” that makes it difficult for the amorphous carbon particles 135b to occur occurs.
- the specific surface area difference ⁇ S is ⁇ 0.3 to 2.6 m 2 / g (Examples 1 to 6), particularly 0 to 2.1 m 2 / g (Examples 1 and 3 to 5).
- the difference in reactivity between the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b in the negative electrode active material layer 133 is sufficiently small, the balance between the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b during high-rate discharge. The reaction occurs well to the same degree ("reaction unevenness" is unlikely to occur).
- the rate of increase in resistance after the “high-rate discharge cycle test” was low. Specifically, in the secondary battery according to Comparative Example 1, the resistance increase rate was about 7%, and in the secondary battery according to Comparative Example 2, the resistance increase rate was about 8%.
- the capacity retention rate of the secondary battery according to Comparative Example 1 decreases (see FIG. 6).
- the secondary battery according to Comparative Example 2 has a high direct current resistance of the initial secondary battery (see FIG. 5).
- a vehicle 700 according to the second embodiment is equipped with the lithium ion secondary battery 100 of the first embodiment, and uses the electric energy stored in the secondary battery 100 as all or part of the driving energy of the driving source. Is.
- the vehicle 700 has a plurality of secondary batteries 100, 100,... And is a hybrid vehicle that is driven by using an engine 740, a front motor 720, and a rear motor 730 in combination as shown in FIG.
- the hybrid vehicle 700 includes a vehicle body 790, an engine 740, a front motor 720, a rear motor 730, a cable 750, and an inverter 760 attached thereto.
- the vehicle 700 includes an assembled battery 710 having a plurality of secondary batteries 100, 100,... Inside thereof, and the electric energy stored in the assembled battery 710 is used to drive the front motor 720 and the rear motor 730. We are using.
- the secondary battery 100 can increase the battery output and improve the durability, the performance and durability of the hybrid vehicle 700 equipped with the secondary battery 100 can be improved.
- a battery using device 800 according to the third embodiment is equipped with the lithium ion secondary battery 100 of the first embodiment and uses the secondary battery 100 as at least one energy source.
- This battery using device 800 is a hammer drill equipped with a battery pack 810 including the secondary battery 100 of the first embodiment as shown in FIG.
- a battery pack 810 is accommodated in a bottom portion 821 of a main body 820, and the battery pack 810 is used as an energy source for driving the drill.
- the secondary battery 100 can increase the battery output and improve the durability, the performance and durability of the hammer drill 800 equipped with the secondary battery 100 can be improved.
- the low-temperature fired coke is exemplified as the amorphous carbon (amorphous carbon), but is not limited thereto.
- the amorphous carbon include hard carbon.
- the mixing ratio (weight ratio) between the graphite particles 135a and the amorphous carbon particles 135b in the negative electrode active material layer 133 is 70:30, but is not limited thereto.
- the mixing ratio (graphite particles: amorphous carbon particles) can be appropriately changed, but is preferably 5:95 to 95: 5, and particularly preferably 10:90 to 90:10.
- additives are added in the paste forming step of the negative electrode active material paste preparation step.
- a thickener is added to the mixture of the negative electrode active material particles 135 and mixed, and then a solvent is added thereto to disperse the negative electrode active material particles 135 and the thickener in the solvent.
- a solvent may be added to the mixture of the negative electrode active material particles 135 in advance to disperse the negative electrode active material particles 135 in the solvent, and then a thickener may be added and mixed.
- the binder is added to the mixture containing the negative electrode active material particles 135 and the like, and the negative electrode active material particles 135 and the like are dispersed in the solvent, and then the binder is added and mixed.
- a binder may be added to and mixed with a mixture of the negative electrode active material particles 135 and the like, and then a solvent may be added thereto to disperse the negative electrode active material particles 135 and the like in the solvent.
- the order in which additives are added in the pasting step can be changed as appropriate.
- the hybrid vehicle 700 is exemplified as a vehicle on which the lithium ion secondary battery 100 of the present invention is mounted.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Examples of the vehicle on which the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is mounted include an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, a hybrid railway vehicle, a forklift, an electric wheelchair, an electric assist bicycle, and an electric scooter.
- the hammer drill 800 is exemplified as the battery-using device on which the lithium ion secondary battery 100 of the present invention is mounted.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Examples of battery-powered devices on which the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is mounted include, for example, personal computers, mobile phones, battery-powered electric tools, uninterruptible power supply devices, and other household appliances and office devices driven by batteries. And industrial equipment.
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Abstract
Description
120 捲回型電極体
121 正極板
131 負極板
132 負極集電箔
133 負極活物質層
135 負極活物質粒子
135a 黒鉛粒子
135b 非晶質炭素粒子
141 セパレータ
700 バイブリッド自動車(車両)
800 ハンマードリル(電池使用機器)
以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。図1に、本実施形態1に係るリチウムイオン二次電池(二次電池)100を示す。また、図2に、このリチウムイオン二次電池100を構成する捲回型電極体120を示す。更に、図3に、この捲回型電極体120を展開した状態を示す。
次いで、本発明の効果を検証するために行った種々の試験の結果について説明する。本発明の実施例1として、上記実施形態1の二次電池100を用意した。この二次電池は、前述のように、黒鉛粒子135aの比表面積がSa=4.6m2/g、非晶質炭素粒子135bの比表面積がSb=5.8m2/gであり、比表面積の差がΔS=Sb-Sa=1.2m2/gである。
次いで、第2の実施の形態について説明する。本実施形態2に係る車両700は、上記実施形態1のリチウムイオン二次電池100を搭載し、この二次電池100に蓄えた電気エネルギを、駆動源の駆動エネルギの全部または一部として使用するものである。
次いで、第3の実施の形態について説明する。本実施形態3に係る電池使用機器800は、上記実施形態1のリチウムイオン二次電池100を搭載し、この二次電池100をエネルギ源の少なくとも1つとして使用するものである。
Claims (5)
- 負極活物質粒子を含む負極活物質層を有する負極板を備える
二次電池であって、
前記負極活物質層は、前記負極活物質粒子として、黒鉛からなる黒鉛粒子と、非晶質炭素からなる非晶質炭素粒子とを有し、
前記非晶質炭素粒子の比表面積Sbと前記黒鉛粒子の比表面積Saとの比表面積の差ΔS(=Sb-Sa)が、-0.3~2.6m2/gである
二次電池。 - 請求項1に記載の二次電池であって、
前記比表面積の差ΔSが、0~2.1m2/gである
二次電池。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の二次電池であって、
前記黒鉛粒子の前記比表面積Saが、1.0~8.0m2/gである
二次電池。 - 請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池であって、
前記非晶質炭素粒子の前記比表面積Sbが、2.0~10.0m2/gである
二次電池。 - 負極活物質粒子を含む負極活物質層を有する負極板を備える二次電池であって、
前記負極活物質層は、前記負極活物質粒子として、黒鉛からなる黒鉛粒子と、非晶質炭素からなる非晶質炭素粒子とを有し、
前記非晶質炭素粒子の比表面積Sbと前記黒鉛粒子の比表面積Saとの比表面積の差ΔS(=Sb-Sa)が、-0.3~2.6m2/gである
二次電池の製造方法であって、
負極活物質ペーストを調製する負極活物質ペースト調製工程と、
前記負極活物質ペーストを用いて、前記負極活物質層を形成し、前記負極板を形成する負極板形成工程と、を備え、
前記負極活物質ペースト調製工程は、
前記黒鉛粒子と前記非晶質炭素粒子とを混合して、前記負極活物質粒子の混合物を得る活物質混合工程と、
前記負極活物質粒子の前記混合物を用いて、ペースト化し、前記負極活物質ペーストを形成するペースト化工程と、を有する
二次電池の製造方法。
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US14/116,441 US9190661B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | Secondary battery and method for producing secondary battery |
CN201180070724.8A CN103534848B (zh) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | 二次电池和二次电池的制造方法 |
PCT/JP2011/060771 WO2012153393A1 (ja) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | 二次電池及び二次電池の製造方法 |
KR1020137029417A KR101549321B1 (ko) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | 2차 전지 및 2차 전지의 제조 방법 |
JP2013513849A JP5747984B2 (ja) | 2011-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | 二次電池及び二次電池の製造方法 |
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KR20140095999A (ko) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-08-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 음극 |
US9997768B2 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2018-06-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Lithium ion secondary battery and method for manufacturing lithium ion secondary battery |
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JP6466161B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-18 | 2019-02-06 | オートモーティブエナジーサプライ株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池用負極材料 |
JP6493766B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-29 | 2019-04-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
KR102429237B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-12 | 2022-08-05 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극, 및 리튬 이차전지 |
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US20140080005A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
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