WO2012144512A1 - 関節リウマチの新規遺伝因子としてのミエリン塩基性蛋白の利用 - Google Patents
関節リウマチの新規遺伝因子としてのミエリン塩基性蛋白の利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012144512A1 WO2012144512A1 PCT/JP2012/060426 JP2012060426W WO2012144512A1 WO 2012144512 A1 WO2012144512 A1 WO 2012144512A1 JP 2012060426 W JP2012060426 W JP 2012060426W WO 2012144512 A1 WO2012144512 A1 WO 2012144512A1
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- rheumatoid arthritis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/564—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for pre-existing immune complex or autoimmune disease, i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid factors or complement components C1-C9
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of myelin basic protein as a novel genetic factor for rheumatoid arthritis.
- RA Rheumatoid arthritis
- HLA HLA
- Non-Patent Documents 4 to 21 various novel genetic factors have been identified by analysis (GWAS) in a comprehensive case-control group covering the entire genome mainly using SNP as a marker.
- GWAS GWAS
- SNP SNP
- Anti-CCP antibody is an autoantibody excellent in both sensitivity and specificity for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Non-patent Documents 27 and 28), but is not an antibody against a specific protein, but against a plurality of proteins that have undergone citrullination, Anti-CCP antibodies that are commercially available have no known antigen.
- few other autoantibodies have been known to date that are useful in the diagnosis of anti-CCP antibody negative rheumatoid arthritis patients.
- the present invention aims to conduct a large-scale Japanese GWAS and search for new genetic factors.
- the present invention also aims to find other autoantibodies that are useful in the diagnosis of anti-CCP antibody negative rheumatoid arthritis patients.
- RA is a systemic disease that is the most common cause of chronic inflammatory arthritis in adults.
- SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) A method for examining rheumatoid arthritis, comprising detecting an autoantibody against myelin basic protein in a biological sample from a subject. (2) A test kit for rheumatoid arthritis, comprising myelin basic protein. (3) A diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis, comprising an antibody against myelin basic protein. (4) Determine the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, including identifying a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base present on a myelin basic protein gene of a subject or a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base in linkage disequilibrium with the base. Method.
- the single nucleotide polymorphism of the base present on the myelin basic protein gene is rs number rs2000811 of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) SNP database.
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
- a joint comprising a nucleic acid probe and / or a nucleic acid primer capable of detecting a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base present on a myelin basic protein gene of a subject or a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base in linkage disequilibrium with the base
- a kit for determining the risk of developing rheumatism (8) Effective as a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis, including measuring the expression level of myelin basic protein gene or its gene product after adding a test substance to cells expressing myelin basic protein gene To screen for new substances.
- the present invention revealed the relationship between rs2000811 and RA.
- anti-MBP antibodies are RA markers.
- Anti-MBP antibodies are useful for diagnosis because they not only have high specificity, but also become positive to some extent in patients with negative anti-CCP antibodies and rheumatoid factor, which have been difficult to diagnose.
- This specification includes the contents described in the specification and / or drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-95625, which is the basis of the priority of the present application.
- a linkage disequilibrium diagram was generated using Haploview software for SNPs with an allele frequency of 0.05-0.95 156 kb linkage disequilibrium block containing MBP. Difference between alleles in transcription of MBP Human B lymphoblastoid cells immortalized by EB virus were obtained from PSC, RNA was extracted for each genotype of rs2000811, and reverse transcribed to cDNA (CC type 50 people, TC type 50 Person, TT type 49 people).
- ⁇ -glucuronidase Hs99999908_m1, liApplied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA
- MBP Hs00921943-m1, Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA
- the present invention provides a method for examining rheumatoid arthritis, comprising detecting an autoantibody against a myelin basic protein in a biological sample from a subject.
- “examination of rheumatoid arthritis” is an examination for determining whether or not a subject has a high or low possibility of having rheumatoid arthritis. Includes tests to make a diagnosis.
- Biological samples from subjects include blood (eg, whole blood, serum, plasma, plasma exchange fluid), skin, oral mucosa, tissues or cells collected or excised by surgery, body fluids collected for testing purposes, etc. (Saliva, lymph, airway mucosa, semen, sweat, urine, etc.). Serum is preferred as the biological sample.
- Myelin basic protein (MIM: 159430, OMIM database) is a protein consisting of 169 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 18000. It is a protein that mainly forms the myelin sheath of nerve cells and is a neurodegenerative disease, multiple sclerosis (hereinafter referred to as “myelin”). (MS) Autoantibodies against MBP are present in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients, and because it induces symptoms similar to MS when injected into mice, an association with MS is assumed. On the other hand, no mutation has been found in the MBP gene in MS patients.
- MBP myelin sheath
- GolliMBP GolliMBP expressed in oligodendrocytes and peripheral lymphocytes.
- the myelin basic protein used for measuring autoantibodies is preferably derived from human, more preferably derived from human brain.
- Myelin basic protein can be extracted from a sample derived from a living body using a biochemical technique, and can be produced by a gene recombination technique.
- commercially available products recombinant human MBP (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ.), Etc.
- the myelin basic protein may be citrullinated or not citrullinated.
- Citrullination of myelin basic protein can be performed by a known method using PAD (Lundberg K, Kinloch A, Fisher BA, Wegner N, Wait R, et al. (2008) Antibodies to citrullinated alpha- enolase peptide 1 are specific for rheumatoid arthritis and cross-react with bacterial enolase. Arthritis Rheum 58: 3009-3019.).
- the autoantibody concentration against myelin basic protein is 2.74 AU, it can be determined that the subject is highly likely to suffer from RA or is suffering from RA.
- the autoantibody concentration against myelin basic protein is 2.16 AU or more, the result is positive and other test methods (eg, rheumatoid factor (RF) test, anti-CCP antibody measurement method (citrullinated peptide)) RA may be determined in combination with the results of autoantibody measurement method using clinically cyclized antigen, clinical findings, etc.).
- test methods eg, rheumatoid factor (RF) test, anti-CCP antibody measurement method (citrullinated peptide)
- An autoantibody against myelin basic protein is useful as a diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis.
- test subject is a patient suspected of suffering from RA, but may be any human subject who is considered to be at risk of developing RA.
- the present invention also provides a test kit for rheumatoid arthritis comprising myelin basic protein.
- the myelin basic protein is preferably derived from human, more preferably derived from human brain.
- Myelin basic protein can be extracted from a sample derived from a living body using a biochemical technique, and can be produced by a gene recombination technique. Alternatively, commercially available products (recombinant human MBP (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ.), Etc.) can also be obtained.
- the myelin basic protein may be citrullinated or not citrullinated. Citrullination of myelin basic protein can be performed by a known method using PAD (Lundberg K, Kinloch A, Fisher BA, Wegner N, Wait R, et al.
- PAD Longberg K, Kinloch A, Fisher BA, Wegner N, Wait R, et al.
- MBP protein or recombinant MBP protein extracted from a sample derived from a living body using a biochemical method or a citrullinated modification thereof may be bound to an ELISA plate.
- the test kit of the present invention further comprises an enzyme-labeled antibody (for example, alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-human IgG polyclonal antibody (goat)), an enzyme substrate solution (for example, BCIP / NBT), a reaction buffer, a washing buffer, a reaction Instructions such as stop solution, standard solution, positive control, negative control, RA criteria and operation method may be included.
- an enzyme-labeled antibody for example, alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-human IgG polyclonal antibody (goat)
- an enzyme substrate solution for example, BCIP / NBT
- reaction buffer for example, a washing buffer
- reaction Instructions such as stop solution, standard solution, positive control, negative control, RA criteria and operation method may be included.
- the present invention also relates to a risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis comprising identifying a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base present on a myelin basic protein gene of a subject or a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base in linkage disequilibrium with the base.
- a method for determining The single nucleotide polymorphism of the base present on the myelin basic protein gene may be rs number rs2000811 of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) SNP database.
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
- the base of the single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2000811 is T in at least one allele, or if the genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2000811 is C / T or T / T, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis is high. Can be determined.
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is present in the second intron of the MBP gene on human chromosome 18.
- the polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with rs2000811 may be a polymorphism in the LD block of rs2000811.
- the polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with rs2000811 is a polymorphism in which D ′ between rs2000811 is larger than 0.8, for example.
- LD block is the method of Gabriel et al. Using Haploview software (Barrett JC, Fry B, Maller J, Daly MJ. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics. 2005; 21 (2): 263-265.) (Gabriel SB, Schaffner SF, Nguyen H, et al. The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome. Science. 2002; 296 (5576): 2225-2229.).
- Rs9958028 can be exemplified as a polymorphism in the LD block of rs2000811. If the base of the single nucleotide polymorphism of rs9958028 is G in at least one allele, or if the genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism of rs9958028 is A / G or G / G, the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis is high. Can be determined.
- the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 is present in the second intron of the MBP gene on human chromosome 18.
- a single nucleotide polymorphism is indicated by an rs number that is a reference SNP ID number in dbSNP, which is an NCBI SNP database.
- the base positions are based on NCBI's genome database, build36.
- the SNP to be identified may be only rs2000811 or a combination of rs2000811 and another SNP.
- Other SNPs can include, but are not limited to, rs9958028.
- the identification of the base at the polymorphic site can be performed by a known single nucleotide polymorphism analysis method.
- Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis methods include direct sequencing method, RFLP method, PCR-SSCP method, allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization, TaqMan PCR method, invader method, MALDI-TOF / MS method, molecular beacon method, RCA method Examples include, but are not limited to, UCAN method, nucleic acid hybridization method using DNA chip or DNA microarray, and the like.
- genomic DNA may be extracted from the biological sample of the subject.
- Biological samples are, for example, blood of a subject (eg, whole blood, serum, plasma, plasma exchange fluid, etc.), skin, oral mucosa, tissues or cells collected or excised by surgery, body fluids collected for testing purposes, etc. (Saliva, lymph, airway mucosa, semen, sweat, urine, etc.).
- plasma is preferable.
- Genomic DNA can be extracted from a biological sample using a commercially available DNA extraction kit. Then, if necessary, DNA containing the polymorphic site is isolated. The DNA can be isolated by PCR or the like using genomic DNA or RNA as a template, using a primer capable of hybridizing to DNA containing a polymorphic site.
- the present invention also provides a nucleic acid probe and / or nucleic acid primer capable of detecting a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base present on a myelin basic protein gene of a subject or a single nucleotide polymorphism of a base in linkage disequilibrium with the base.
- a kit for determining the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis is provided.
- the single nucleotide polymorphism of the base present on the myelin basic protein gene of the subject or the single nucleotide polymorphism of the base in linkage disequilibrium with the base is as described above.
- the primer and / or probe included in the kit of the present invention may be an oligonucleotide having a chain length of at least 15 nucleotides.
- the length is usually 15 bp to 100 bp, preferably 17 bp to 30 bp.
- the primer is not particularly limited as long as it can amplify at least a part of the DNA containing the polymorphic site.
- the length of DNA that can be amplified by the primer is usually 15 to 1000 bp, preferably 20 to 500 bp, more preferably 20 to 200 bp.
- the length is usually 15 bp to 500 bp, preferably 30 bp to 500 bp.
- the probe is not particularly limited as long as it can hybridize with the DNA containing the polymorphic site.
- the length of DNA to which the probe can hybridize is usually 16 to 500 bp, preferably 20 to 200 bp, more preferably 20 to 500 bp.
- Primers and / or probes may be labeled (eg, radioisotopes, fluorescent dyes, etc.).
- the probe may be immobilized on a solid phase such as a substrate.
- the kit of the present invention further comprises a reagent for detecting the label of the hybridization reagent, primer and / or probe, buffer solution, instructions for judging the risk of RA disease and instructions for operating the kit, biochemistry
- a reagent for detecting the label of the hybridization reagent, primer and / or probe, buffer solution, instructions for judging the risk of RA disease and instructions for operating the kit biochemistry
- An ELISA plate to which MBP protein or recombinant MBP protein extracted from a sample derived from a living body using a genetic technique or a citrullinated modification thereof is bound may be included.
- the present invention relates to prevention and / or treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, which comprises measuring the expression level of a myelin basic protein gene or a gene product thereof after adding a test substance to cells expressing the myelin basic protein gene.
- a method of screening for pharmaceutically effective substances is provided.
- the cell expressing the myelin basic protein gene may be derived from any organism as long as the expression of the myelin basic protein gene is observed at the protein level or the nucleic acid level. And those derived from mammals such as chimpanzees, dogs, cows, rabbits, rats, mice, etc., but it is preferable to use human-derived cells (for example, nerve cells).
- the test substance may be any substance, such as protein, peptide, vitamin, hormone, polysaccharide, oligosaccharide, monosaccharide, low molecular weight compound, nucleic acid (DNA, RNA, oligonucleotide, mononucleotide, etc.), lipid, other than the above Natural compounds, synthetic compounds, plant extracts, fractions of plant extracts, mixtures thereof and the like.
- the expression level of the myelin basic protein gene or its gene product can be measured by measuring the amount of the transcription product of the myelin basic protein gene and the activity of the translation product.
- the amount of transcription product can be measured by performing quantitative PCR analysis using a primer set for amplifying a myelin basic protein gene-specific sequence from cDNA obtained by reverse transcription of RNA in a sample. Northern blots with probes specific for the myelin basic protein gene may also be used. Alternatively, the transcript may be measured by using a DNA chip.
- the amount and / or activity of the translation product of the myelin basic protein gene can be detected using an immunoassay, measurement of enzyme activity, binding assay or the like.
- assays use enzymatic, fluorescent, radioactive, magnetic, luminescent labels, etc. that bind to either an anti-myelin basic protein antibody or a secondary antibody that binds to an anti-myelin basic protein antibody. This can be done by measuring the amount of binding between the translation product and the anti-myelin basic protein antibody.
- Example 1 Method Four case control groups were used, two for GWAS for screening and two for confirmation of screening results.
- the number of specimens was RA and healthy individuals, screening was 658 vs 934 for the first set, 332 vs 307 for the second set, 874 vs 855 for the third set, and 1264 vs 948 for the fourth set ( Table 2).
- the first set of screening 934 healthy people used JSNP public data.
- the specimens used were patient specimens (plasma) and PSC cells from Kyoto University, Dogo Onsen Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University, the University of Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, Aichi Cancer Center. All patients meet the ACR classification criteria. The research was approved by the ethics committee of each research institution.
- the GWAS chip was an Infinium chip from Illumina. Using four different chips (Human-Hap300, CNV370-Duo, HumanHap550, Human610-Quad), we focused on the common 277420SNP between chips. Call success rate is less than 90% / Related to other samples / Principal component analysis is out of the Japanese cluster / Excludes samples suspected of other DNA contamination, and call success rate is over 95% SNPs with a minor allele frequency of 5% or more were selected. As a result, the number of specimens became the first set 643 vs 934, the second set 327 vs 297, and the marker became 225079 markers.
- association analysis was performed for each marker in each of the first and second sets, and in each set, markers with a p-value of less than 0.005 were selected, and markers with a p-value of less than 0.0001 were selected in the first and second sets of meta-analysis. Except for regions that are known to be related in Japanese RA, when multiple markers were in the same linkage disequilibrium block, the one with the smallest meta-analysis p-value was selected. Regarding the selected SNPs, the third and fourth sets of associations were confirmed.
- Determination of the base sequence of the MBP region After finding the relationship of the MBP region, we investigated the sequence of the exon region that determines the promoter region and amino acid sequence of the gene using the DNA of 84 healthy individuals.
- Bioinformatics The DNA base sequences of 14 placental mammals were obtained from public databases. The region containing the relevant SNP was searched for a transcriptional regulatory site.
- Measurement of allele-specific MBP transcription was performed according to known methods (eg Suzuki A, Yamada R, Kochi Y, Sawada T, Okada Y, et al. (2008) Functional SNPs in CD244 increase. (the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a Japanese population. Nat Genet 40: 1224-1229.) Briefly, DNA and RNA were extracted by standard techniques for 22 rs2000811 heterozygous (TC-type) cells among EBV-immortalized human B lymphoblastoid cells obtained from PSC. Using real-time PCR probes for SNP typing, the amount of mRNA precursor was compared between alleles.
- Immunohistochemistry Synovial membranes were obtained from 23 RA patients and 5 control patients at the Department of Pathology and Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital. The tissue was embedded in paraffin and cut to 3 um thickness using standard techniques. The tissue piece was adhered to an APS-coated slide glass. The immunohistochemistry of MBP was performed by standard ABC method.
- mice anti-MBP monoclonal antibody diluted 100-fold with PBS buffer overnight at 4 ° C, and further reacted with biotinylated horse anti-mouse IgG antibody for 40 minutes and peroxidase-labeled streptavidin for 50 minutes at room temperature.
- the color reaction was performed using a solution of 0.3 mg / ml diaminobenzine and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide dissolved in Tris-HCl buffer adjusted to 50 mM pH 7.6.
- MBP expression was evaluated by two rheumatologists and a pathologist in a blinded manner and analyzed by Fisher's exact test.
- ELISA method Sera of 323 RA patients and sera of 133 healthy subjects, and sera of 162 other patients with collagen disease (SLE 38 cases Sjogren syndrome 25 cases, scleroderma 25 cases, Behcet 20 cases, mixed connective tissue disease 20 cases Using dermatomyositis or polymyositis 19 cases, vasculitis 15 cases), the presence or absence of anti-MBP antibody was examined by ELISA.
- MBP protein derived from human brain Sigma, St. Louis, MO
- recombinant human MBP protein Genscript, Piscataway, NJ.
- citrullination modification was performed with rabbit backbone PAD (Sigma, St.
- Results ⁇ br/> Related analysis: There were a total of 3128 cases and 3044 controls in the 4 case control groups (Table 2). Based on the selection of markers based on the GWAS results, a related analysis was performed on the 225079 marker, which was judged to have a common assay between the chips and the assay was not problematic. The average call success rate was 99.5% for the first set and 99.8% for the second set. There was no decrease in p-value due to sample structuring ( ⁇ 1.03, FIG. 5).
- MBP antibodies are known to play an important role in multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease.
- the anti-MBP antibody titer was higher in RA than in healthy individuals and other collagen disease patients (p ⁇ 0.001, FIG. 4A).
- MBP includes classic MBP that exists in nerves and Golli-MBP that also exists in the blood cell system, and rs2000811 is in intron 2 of the region encoding Golli-MBP.
- the disease susceptibility may be related to Golli-MBP because there are few cases of neurological manifestations of RA.
- MBP protein is strongly and frequently expressed in the synovium of RA patients.
- the expression of MBP protein on the surface of synovial cells may suggest that anti-MBP antibodies target synovial cells and cause inflammation.
- anti-MBP antibodies are markers for RA. Many anti-MBP antibodies recognize citrullinated MBP, but some do not. Although there was no association with SNP, SNP may be involved in post-translational modifications. Our results are the first to show not only the association of MBP with genetic RA, but also MBP gene expression, MBP protein expression, and the appearance of autoantibodies against MBP.
- the present invention can be used for RA diagnosis.
- the present invention can also be used for screening for substances effective for the prevention and / or treatment of RA.
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Abstract
Description
(1)被験者からの生体試料におけるミエリン塩基性蛋白に対する自己抗体を検出することを含む、関節リウマチの検査方法。
(2)ミエリン塩基性蛋白を含む、関節リウマチの検査キット。
(3)ミエリン塩基性蛋白に対する抗体を含む、関節リウマチ診断マーカー。
(4)被験者のミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子上に存在する塩基の一塩基多型又は該塩基と連鎖不平衡にある塩基の一塩基多型を同定することを含む、関節リウマチ罹患のリスクを判定する方法。
(5)ミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子上に存在する塩基の一塩基多型が、米国バイオテクノロジー情報センター(NCBI)SNPデータベースのrs番号rs2000811である(4)記載の方法。
(6)rs2000811の一塩基多型の塩基が少なくとも1つのアレルにおいてTであるか、あるいはrs2000811の一塩基多型の遺伝子型がC/T又はT/Tであれば、関節リウマチへの罹患率が高いと判定する(5)記載の方法。
(7)被験者のミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子上に存在する塩基の一塩基多型又は該塩基と連鎖不平衡にある塩基の一塩基多型を検出しうる核酸プローブ及び/又は核酸プライマーを含む、関節リウマチ罹患のリスクを判定するためのキット。
(8)ミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子を発現する細胞に被験物質を添加した後、ミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子又はその遺伝子産物の発現量を測定することを含む、関節リウマチの予防及び/又は治療薬として有効な物質をスクリーニングする方法。
本明細書は、本願の優先権の基礎である日本国特許出願、特願2011‐95625の明細書および/または図面に記載される内容を包含する。
手法
4つの症例対照群を用い、2つをスクリーニングのためのGWAS、2つをスクリーニング結果の確認に用いた。それぞれの検体数はRAと健常人でスクリーニングが第一セット658人vs934人と第二セット332人vs307人、結果確認が第三セット874人vs855人、第四セット1264人vs948人であった(表2)。スクリーニングの第一セットの健常人934人はJSNPの公開データを用いた。検体は京都大学、道後温泉病院、東京女子医大、東京大学、国立病院機構相模原病院、愛知がんセンターの患者検体(血漿)およびPSCの細胞を用いた。患者は全例ACR分類基準を満たす。研究に当たってはそれぞれの研究機関の倫理委員会の承認を得た。
GWASのチップはイルミナ社のインフィニウムチップを用いた。4つの異なるチップを用い(Human-Hap300, CNV370-Duo, HumanHap550, Human610-Quad)、チップ間共通の277420SNPに注目した。コール成功率が90%未満/他の検体と血縁関係にある/主成分分析で日本人クラスターから外れている/他のDNAの混入が疑われる検体を除外し、コール成功率が95%以上で、マイナーアレル頻度が5%以上のSNPを選別した。結果、検体数は第一セット643vs934、第二セット327vs297となり、マーカーは225079マーカーとなった。第一、二セットそれぞれでマーカーごとに関連解析を行いそれぞれのセットでp値が0.005を下回り、そして第一、二セットのメタ解析でp値が0.0001を下回るマーカーを選別した。日本人RAで関連が既知の領域は除き、複数のマーカーが同一の連鎖不平衡ブロックにある場合、もっともメタ解析のp値の小さいものを選別した。選別されたSNPに関し、第三、四セットで関連の確認を行った。
MBP領域の関連を見出したのち、健常人84人のDNAを用い、遺伝子のプロモーター領域とアミノ酸配列を決定するエクソン領域の配列を調べた。
14種の有胎盤哺乳類のDNA塩基配列を公開データベースより取得した。関連のあったSNPを含む領域に転写調節部位がないかを検索した。
簡単には、PSCから取得したEBVで不死化したヒトBリンパ芽球様細胞の中でrs2000811に関しヘテロ型(TC型)の22の細胞に関しDNAとRNAを標準的な手法で抽出した。SNPタイピング用のリアルタイムPCRプローブを用い、mRNA前駆物質の量をアレル間で比較した。
323例のRA患者血清と133例の健常人血清、および162例の他の膠原病疾患患者血清(SLE38例 シェーグレン症候群25例、強皮症25例、ベーチェット20例、混合性結合組織病20例、皮膚筋炎または多発筋炎19例、血管炎15例)を用い、ELISA法により抗MBP抗体の有無の検索を行った。抗原にはヒト脳由来のMBPタンパク(Sigma, St. Louis, MO)を用いた。また、組み換えヒトMBPタンパク(Genscript, Piscataway, NJ.)を作成し、ウサギ骨格PAD (Sigma, St. Louis, MO)によりシトルリン化修飾を行い(Lundberg K, Kinloch A, Fisher BA, Wegner N, Wait R, et al. (2008) Antibodies to citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 are specific for rheumatoid arthritis and cross-react with bacterial enolase. Arthritis Rheum 58: 3009-3019.)、シトルリン化なしの組み換えMBPタンパクおよびシトルリン化組み換えMBPタンパクを用い、自己抗体の反応性を測定した。
関連解析:
4つの症例対照群で合計症例3128例、対照3044例であった(表2)。GWASの結果によるマーカーの選別により、スクリーニングはチップ間共通でアッセイが問題ないと判断された225079マーカーに関して関連解析を行った。平均コール成功率は第一セット99.5%と第二セット99.8%であった。検体の構造化によるp値の低下は見られなかった(λ=1.03, 図5)。第一、二セットのメタアナリシスの結果、これまで日本人RAで関連が既知のHLA(mhp=3.6x10-31) と PADI4 (mhp=3.0x10-5) の2領域が低いp値を示した。これは我々のデータの正しさを示す結果と考えられた(表1)。SNP選別基準により、10SNP5領域が残ったため、それぞれの領域でp値の最も低い5SNPが選別され、第三、四セットでタイピングした。5つの内rs2000811のみが第三セット(p値0.023)および第四セット(p値0.0041)で関連を再現された。4つのセット全ての合計ではp値4.0x10-8 、オッズ比は1.23 (95%信頼区間1.14-1.32)であり、メタ解析ではmhp=2.7x10-8 、オッズ比は1.23 (95% 信頼区間 1.14-1.32)であった。Rs2000811は18番染色体上にあるMBP遺伝子の第二イントロンにあった。第一、二セットのSNPタイピング結果でこの領域の連鎖不平衡を評価したところ、このSNPは218kbの領域に含まれる、2つの連鎖不平衡ブロックに挟まれた18kbの領域にあることが分かった (図1)。この218kbの領域にはMBPの他にLOC100129089という遺伝子があった。GWASのチップの他のSNPとrs2000811は強い連鎖不平衡の関係になかったことから、MBP遺伝子がRAと関連すると考えられた。しかし、rs2000811自体が原因でRAへの感受性が異なるのか、別の原因となる変異があってrs2000811はその変異と連鎖不平衡にある単なるマーカーなのかはわからない。よって、われわれはMBP遺伝子のプロモーター領域とアミノ酸をコードするエクソン領域のDNA塩基配列の決定を84人の健常人DNAを用いて行った。結果、66のSNPと3つの欠失の変異が見つかったが、どれもrs2000811と強い連鎖不平衡の関係にはなかった(図6)。
次に、rs2000811を含む配列が転写にかかわっていないかを調べた。22人健常者で、rs2000811の多形がヘテロ型である人々の不死化したリンパ芽球様細胞からDNAとRNAを抽出し、RNAをcDNAに逆転写した。DNAとcDNAを用いてアレル特異的転写の解析では、rs2000811のRAにかかわる多形がMBP遺伝子の発現上昇に関わっていることが示された(図2)。MBPには大きく分けてclassic MBPとGolli MBPの二種類の転写産物およびタンパクがある。rs2000811の多形別に合計149人の健常者のリンパ芽球様細胞から得たcDNAを用いた検討では、classicMBPの発現とrs2000811の多形との関連は見いだされなかったことから(図7)、rs2000811とGolliMBPの発現との関連が考えられた。
RAにおける炎症は主に関節滑膜にみられる。我々は23人のRAと5人の変形性関節症など非RA患者の滑膜を入手し、抗MBP抗体を用いた免疫染色を行った。その結果、MBPタンパクはRA患者の滑膜に高頻度に強く発現していることが分かった(図3)。
MBP抗体は自己免疫性神経変性疾患である多発性硬化症において重要な役割を果たすことが知られている。我々は323人のRA患者と133人の健常人、162人の他の膠原病患者血清を用い、血清中の抗MBP抗体の測定を行った。抗MBP抗体価は健常人および他の膠原病患者群に比しRAで高かった(p<0.001,図4A)。なお、抗MBP抗体価とrs2000811の型とに関連は見られなかった。抗MBP抗体が認識している抗原を詳しく調べるため、組み換えMBPタンパクを作成し、それらをシトルリン化修飾を行って、シトルリン化修飾を行った組み換えMBPタンパクと行わなかった組み換えMBPタンパクを用いてELISA法で検討した。その結果、組み換えMBPタンパクとヒト脳由来のMBPとの間に相関はなく(r=-0.19, 図4B)、シトルリン化修飾した組み換えMBPタンパクを用いた場合には、自己抗体力価に強い相関が示された(r=0.88, 図4C)。すなわち、抗MBP抗体はシトルリン化組み換えMBPと強く反応したことから(図4B、C)、シトルリン化MBPを主に認識しているものと考えられた。
今回、我々はGWASを元にした解析により、18番染色体上のMBPの第二イントロン上にあるSNPとRAとの関連を明らかにした。このSNPは比較的弱めの連鎖不平衡ブロックに挟まれていた。MBP領域の塩基配列の決定により、エクソンやプロモーター領域にはこのSNPと強い連鎖不平衡に関係にある変異はないということが分かった。MBPの遺伝子発現がこのSNPに関わっていることが分かったが、このSNPを含む配列には既知の転写調節因子の関連性は示せなかった。このことから、rs2000811そのものか、今回見つけられなかったrs2000811と連鎖不平衡にある遺伝子変異が原因でMBP遺伝子の発現が変化するのかは分からなかった。Rs2000811が挟まれる、2つの連鎖不平衡ブロックの間の18kbの領域の塩基配列を調べることにより、真の原因の変異が分かるかもしれない。これまでヨーロッパ人でこの領域が関わるという報告はない。RAの疾患感受性は人種により大きく異なるため、ヨーロッパ人では関連がない可能性もあるが、人種ごとに結果を確認することは疾患の基礎にある病態を理解するために重要である。MBPには神経に存在するclassic MBPと血球系にも存在するGolli-MBPがあり、rs2000811はGolli-MBPをコードする領域のイントロン2番にある。RAで神経症状を呈する例が少ないことから、疾患感受性はGolli-MBPが関わっているのかもしれない。
配列番号1は、rs2000811の多型部位を1102番目(y= C/T)に含む1602塩基長の塩基配列を示す。
配列番号2は、rs9958028の多型部位を501番目(r= A/G)に含む1001塩基長の塩基配列を示す。
Claims (8)
- 被験者からの生体試料におけるミエリン塩基性蛋白に対する自己抗体を検出することを含む、関節リウマチの検査方法。
- ミエリン塩基性蛋白を含む、関節リウマチの検査キット。
- ミエリン塩基性蛋白に対する抗体を含む、関節リウマチ診断マーカー。
- 被験者のミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子上に存在する塩基の一塩基多型又は該塩基と連鎖不平衡にある塩基の一塩基多型を同定することを含む、関節リウマチ罹患のリスクを判定する方法。
- ミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子上に存在する塩基の一塩基多型が、米国バイオテクノロジー情報センター(NCBI)SNPデータベースのrs番号rs2000811である請求項4記載の方法。
- rs2000811の一塩基多型の塩基が少なくとも1つのアレルにおいてTであるか、あるいはrs2000811の一塩基多型の遺伝子型がC/T又はT/Tであれば、関節リウマチへの罹患率が高いと判定する請求項5記載の方法。
- 被験者のミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子上に存在する塩基の一塩基多型又は該塩基と連鎖不平衡にある塩基の一塩基多型を検出しうる核酸プローブ及び/又は核酸プライマーを含む、関節リウマチ罹患のリスクを判定するためのキット。
- ミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子を発現する細胞に被験物質を添加した後、ミエリン塩基性蛋白遺伝子又はその遺伝子産物の発現量を測定することを含む、関節リウマチの予防及び/又は治療薬として有効な物質をスクリーニングする方法。
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Cited By (1)
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WO2014210540A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Baylor Research Institute | Dendritic cell asgpr targeting immunotherapeutics for multiple sclerosis |
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JP6128654B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
EP2700945B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
EP2700945A4 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
US20140194308A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
EP3124970A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
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JP2014170012A (ja) | 2014-09-18 |
EP2700945A1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
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