WO2012132949A1 - 集電箱 - Google Patents
集電箱 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132949A1 WO2012132949A1 PCT/JP2012/056804 JP2012056804W WO2012132949A1 WO 2012132949 A1 WO2012132949 A1 WO 2012132949A1 JP 2012056804 W JP2012056804 W JP 2012056804W WO 2012132949 A1 WO2012132949 A1 WO 2012132949A1
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- booster circuit
- power
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 43
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101100208381 Caenorhabditis elegans tth-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/44—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grid interconnection system that converts DC power generated by a solar cell into AC power and superimposes it on a commercial power system.
- the booster circuit in the current collection box performs an MPPT operation (Maximum Power Point Tracking) that controls the boost ratio in the booster circuit so that the power generated by the solar cell is maximized.
- MPPT operation Maximum Power Point Tracking
- the MPPT operation is performed so that the output DC power is maximized.
- the MPPT operation performed in the current collection box generally monitors the output power (product of current and voltage) by increasing or decreasing the boost ratio of the booster circuit, and the solar cell is changed by changing the boost ratio. If the generated power increases, change the boost ratio to the same one (increase if the boost ratio is increased, decrease if it decreases), and change the boost ratio if the power decreases. Change the step-up ratio to decrease if increased, or increase if decreased. By these controls, the boost ratio of the booster circuit converges to a position where the output power of the solar cell becomes the maximum value.
- the MPPT operation of the power converter is performed using the fact that the DC power output from the current collection box 4 is substantially equal to the output power of the inverter circuit that converts DC power into AC power. (Conversion efficiency is not taken into account.)
- the target value of the output current of the inverter circuit 23 is increased / decreased so that the output power of the inverter circuit reaches the maximum value (that is, the input power of the power converter). Find the target current value that becomes the maximum value. At this time, the step-up ratio is determined so that the target current is output from the inverter circuit.
- the MPPT operation of the booster circuit When the MPPT operation of the booster circuit is performed in the current collection box 4, the output power of the solar cell fluctuates, and this fluctuation appears as a fluctuation in the output power (output current) of the power converter. For this reason, when the MPPT operation of the booster circuit of the current collection box 4 and the MPPT operation of the power converter are performed at the same time, the MPPT operations may interfere with each other and the boost ratio may not easily converge.
- the grid interconnection system described in Patent Document 1 alternately performs the MPPT operation of the booster circuit and the MPPT operation of the power converter, and eliminates the interference of each MPPT operation. It was.
- a common control circuit selects a circuit for performing the MPPT operation and sequentially performs the MPPT operation, so that the number of solar cells (solar cell strings) is increased.
- information on the booster circuit to be increased or decreased needs to be set in a common control circuit, which requires troublesome work such as circuit change and software update.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is a collection of grid interconnection systems capable of suppressing the MPPT operation performed by the booster circuit in the current collection box from interfering with the MPPT operation performed by the power converter.
- the purpose is to provide an electric box.
- the present invention comprises a number of terminals to which at least two or more solar cell strings in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in series can be connected, and the generated power of the solar cell string input from these terminals.
- the booster circuit that individually boosts the voltage of the generated power of the solar cell string input through the terminal, and the output of each of these booster circuits is single Output circuit that outputs the output voltage after being integrated into the output of each of the booster circuits, and each of the booster circuits controls the boost ratio so that the generated power corresponding to the voltage applied at each predetermined period reaches a maximum value for a certain period of time.
- the operation cycle of each booster circuit is set to a different value.
- the MPPT operations of the respective booster circuits are started at different periods, a plurality of MPPT operations can be prevented from overlapping with the MPPT operations of the power converter at the same time. Thereby, even if the MPPT operation interferes, the interference state can be easily escaped. Moreover, it is not necessary to make a special setting for each booster circuit, and the number of solar cells can be easily increased or decreased.
- each of the booster circuits has a fixed period of time as the first section in which the MPPT operation is performed and the remaining time is set as the second section in which the MPPT operation is not performed and the boost ratio is fixed to a constant value.
- the sum of the lengths of the first sections is shorter than the time of any second section.
- the booster circuit is characterized in that the cycle can be changed.
- the length of the first section can be changed, and the length of the second section is fixed to a predetermined length.
- the booster circuit boosts the first section in the first section.
- the booster circuit includes a current detection circuit that detects a current input to or output from the booster circuit, and the booster circuit has a predetermined current detected by the current detection circuit at startup.
- the boost MPPT operation is started when the value is exceeded.
- the MPPT operation performed by the booster circuit is prevented from interfering with the MPPT operation performed by the power converter, and the power line via the booster circuit that easily boosts the output voltage of the solar cell and supplies power is provided. It is possible to provide a grid interconnection system that can increase or decrease the number of lines.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the solar power generation system 100 which connected the solar cell 1a directly to the output side of the other booster circuit 41.
- FIG. It is a time chart at the time of performing MPPT operation
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a photovoltaic power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the photovoltaic power generation system 100 includes solar cells 1a to 1d and a grid interconnection system 50.
- the grid interconnection system 50 collectively supplies the power supplied from the solar cells 1a to 1d to the commercial power system 30.
- the solar cells 1a to 1d are each configured by connecting solar cell cells in series. Since the number of cells of each of the solar cells 1a to 1d varies depending on the area where the solar cells 1a to 1d are installed, the number of cells varies depending on the solar cells 1a to 1d.
- the grid interconnection system 50 includes a current collection box 4 and a power conversion device 2.
- the current collection box 4 has lines La to Ld connected to the solar cells 1a to 1d, respectively, and boosting units 40a to 40d interposed in the lines La to Ld, respectively.
- the current collection box 4 collectively outputs the outputs of the lines La to Ld.
- the respective boosting units 40a to 40d have boosting circuits 41a to 41d that boost the output voltages of the respective solar cells 1a to 1d.
- Each of the booster circuits 41a to 41d includes boost control circuits 42a to 42d that control the boost operation of the booster circuits 41a to 41d.
- the respective booster circuits 41a to 41d are interposed in the lines La to Ld.
- the respective boost control circuits 42a to 42d are connected to the boost circuits 41a to 41d.
- the output sides of the booster circuits 41a to 41d are connected in a single manner in the current collection box 4.
- the current collecting box 4 collects the electric power boosted and output by these booster circuits 41 a to 41 d into a single unit, and outputs the collected DC power to the power converter 2.
- components having the same configuration are denoted by the same numerical symbol (1 for solar cells), and components having a connection relationship with each other are denoted by the same alphabetic symbol (solar).
- the battery 1 and the booster circuit 41 are connected to each other by the reference numerals of the solar battery 1a and the booster circuit 41a).
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a booster circuit of a current collection box included in the grid interconnection system of the first embodiment.
- the booster circuit 41 includes a pair of terminals 88 and 89, a reactor 81, a switching element 82 such as an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), a diode 83, and a capacitor 84.
- a circuit is used.
- the solar cell 1 is connected to the pair of terminals 88 and 89, and the reactor 81 and the diode 83 are connected in series to one terminal (positive side) 88 of the terminals 88 and 89.
- Switch element 82 opens and closes between the connection point of reactor 81 and diode 83 and the other terminal of the pair of terminals.
- the capacitor 84 is connected between the diode 83 and the other terminal.
- the booster circuit 41 has a current sensor 85 that detects an input current, a voltage sensor 86 that detects an input voltage, and a voltage sensor 87 that detects an output voltage. Based on the information obtained from these sensors, the booster circuit 41 periodically opens and closes the switch element 82 to obtain a predetermined boost ratio.
- the power conversion device 2 includes a booster circuit 21 that boosts DC power output from the current collection box 4, an inverter circuit 23 that converts DC power output from the booster circuit 21 into AC power, and the booster circuit 21 and the inverter circuit 23. And a power control circuit 22 for controlling the operation. Further, the power conversion device 2 converts the DC power output from the current collection box 4 into AC power and superimposes it on the commercial power system 30.
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of the power conversion apparatus included in the grid interconnection system of the first embodiment.
- a circuit configuration similar to that of the booster circuit 41 can be used, and thus the description thereof is omitted here.
- the booster circuit 21 uses a similar circuit configuration, but another control is performed by the power control circuit 22.
- the inverter circuit 23 is configured by connecting in parallel a first arm in which switch elements 51 and 52 are connected in series and a second arm in which switch elements 53 and 54 are connected in series. As the switch elements 51 to 54, switch elements such as IGBTs may be used.
- the inverter circuit 23 periodically opens and closes the switch elements 51 to 54 according to PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control of the power control circuit 22.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the inverter circuit 23 converts the DC power output from the booster circuit 21 into three-phase AC power by opening and closing the switch elements 51 to 54.
- a filter circuit (low-pass filter) including reactors 61 and 62 and a capacitor 63 is provided at the subsequent stage of the inverter circuit 23, and a high frequency due to the switching operation of the switch elements 51 to 54 is removed.
- the inverter circuit 23 includes a current sensor 91 that detects an output current of the inverter circuit 23 and a voltage sensor 92 that detects an output voltage of the inverter circuit 23. Then, the power control circuit 22 uses the voltage values 86 and 87 and the current sensor 85 included in the booster circuit 21, the voltage sensor 92 and the current sensor 91 included in the inverter circuit 23, and the current value and voltage value detected by the voltage sensor 86 and 87. The booster circuit 21 and the inverter circuit 23 are controlled.
- the booster circuit 41 starts boosting after confirming startup (interconnection) of the power conversion device 2 at startup. Since the power converter 2 uses a non-insulated booster circuit for the booster circuit 41 of the current collection box 4, power is supplied via the reactor 81 and the diode 83 even if the booster circuit 41 is not performing a boosting operation. Can be activated. When the power conversion device 2 is activated and starts interconnection, the current detected by the current sensor 85 increases, so that activation (interconnection) of the power conversion device 2 can be confirmed. The operation when the booster circuit 41 is activated will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of the operation when the booster circuit 41 of the current collection box 4 is started up.
- the input current Icin to the booster circuit 41 is detected using the current sensor 85 (step S11), and it is determined whether or not the input current Icin exceeds a predetermined value Icth (step S13).
- the booster circuit 41 determines that the power converter is not activated, and proceeds to step S11. Further, when the input current Icin increases and exceeds the predetermined value Icth, it is determined that the power converter is activated, the operation of the booster circuit 41 is started at a predetermined boost ratio r, and the activation process is terminated.
- the booster circuit 41 starts the MPPT operation that operates so as to maximize the output power of the solar cells 1 connected to each of the first cycles when the operation at the time of startup ends. Specifically, one period of the first period is divided into a first period in which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit is enabled and a second period in which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit is not performed. The booster circuit 41 performs an MPPT operation in the first period, and performs a boost ratio constant operation in which the boost ratio r is constant (fixed) in the second period. As described above, the booster circuit 41 repeats the MPPT operation and the constant boost ratio operation of the booster circuit every first period.
- FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the operation when the MPPT operation of the booster circuit and the constant boost ratio operation are performed.
- the input power Pc (output power of the solar cell) is detected by using the voltage sensor 86 and the current sensor 85 to detect the input voltage Vcin and the input current Icin of the booster circuit 41, and the input voltage Vcin and the input current Icin are obtained. It can be obtained by integrating.
- step S22 the power difference
- step S33 it is determined in advance whether to increase or decrease the boost ratio r, and the boost ratio r is changed according to the contents.
- Step S25 is a step for controlling the period during which the MPPT operation is performed.
- the count value T reaches a value Tth1 corresponding to the time of the first period B (set appropriately in accordance with the clock of the counter). Whether or not (T> Tth1).
- the step-up ratio r is fixed when dPc ⁇ dPcth in step S24, and when T> Tth1 is determined, the process proceeds to the second period C and the step-up ratio r is continued as it is.
- step-up ratio r may be changed by the MPPT operation until the first period B is measured without determining dPc ⁇ dPcth in step S22.
- the second period C is started using the step-up ratio r at that time. That is, the MPPT operation is temporarily terminated.
- step-up ratio constant operation The operation in the second period C during which the MPPT operation is prohibited (step-up ratio constant operation) is executed in steps S26 to S28. Specifically, when the second period C is entered, the counter value T is first reset, and the boost ratio r at this time is stored (step S36). Thereafter, the power conversion device 2 is controlled to be fixed at the stored boost ratio r (step S37), and the period during which the boost ratio is constant is controlled (step S38). In step S38, it is determined whether or not the count value T has reached a value Tth2 corresponding to the time of the second period C (set appropriately in accordance with the counter clock) (T> Tth2).
- step S39 the count value of the timer T is reset to zero (step S39), and then the process returns to step S31 again to change the step-up ratio r and start the MPP operation.
- the step-up ratio r when the time measurement in the first period B ends is fixed and used for control.
- the booster circuit 41 repeats the steps S21 to S29, thereby repeating the MPPT operation and the constant boost ratio operation of the booster circuit.
- the booster circuit 41 determines whether or not the output power Pc of the solar cell 1 is near the maximum value, and determines that the MPPT operation or the booster ratio is not changed (the booster ratio is constant) and the first period B has elapsed. Later, the MPPT operation is prohibited and the constant boost ratio operation is started. For this reason, the booster circuit 41 switches from the MPPT operation to the constant boost ratio operation when the output power of the solar cell 1 becomes close to the maximum value during the MPPT operation during the first period B (FIGS. 7, 9, and 12 described later). B '). In this way, since the time for performing the constant boost ratio operation can be increased in the fixed first period A, the period for performing the MPPT operation of the boost circuit that affects the power converter MPPT operation is increased. Can be shortened.
- the power conversion device 2 When the input voltage exceeds a predetermined value (for example, about DC 100 V), the power conversion device 2 starts an initial operation before starting the interconnection. In the power converter 2, in the initial operation, when the input voltage exceeds a predetermined value (for example, about 100V), the booster circuit 21 in the power converter 2 starts boosting. Then, when the boosted voltage of the booster circuit 21 reaches a predetermined value (for example, about 300V), the power conversion device 2 starts generating AC power whose phase is synchronized with the commercial power system by the inverter circuit 23, and The system relay (not shown) is closed to start interconnection.
- a predetermined value for example, about DC 100 V
- the booster circuit 21 in the power converter 2 starts boosting. Then, when the boosted voltage of the booster circuit 21 reaches a predetermined value (for example, about 300V), the power conversion device 2 starts generating AC power whose phase is synchronized with the commercial power system by the inverter circuit 23, and The system relay (not shown) is closed to start interconnection
- the power conversion device 2 starts the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 that operates so as to maximize the DC power obtained by collecting the power output from the solar cells 1a to 1d at every predetermined second period X during grid connection. To do. Specifically, one cycle of the second cycle X is divided into a third period Y in which the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is enabled and a fourth period Z in which the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is prohibited. The power conversion device 2 performs an MPPT operation in the third period Y, and performs a target current constant operation that operates to keep the target value of the output current of the inverter circuit 23 of the power conversion device 2 constant in the fourth period Z. Do. As described above, the power conversion device 2 repeats the MPPT operation and the target current constant operation of the power conversion device 2 every second period during grid connection.
- the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is performed as follows as an example.
- the input power Ppin (product of the input current Ipin and the input voltage Vpin) supplied to the booster circuit 21 is substantially equal to the output power Ppo superimposed on the commercial power system 30 when the conversion efficiency of the power converter 2 is 100%. Is equal to (Hereinafter, the conversion efficiency is treated as 100%. However, when this conversion efficiency is taken into consideration, it is preferable to multiply by an appropriate constant). Since the power generation output of the solar cell 1 is supplied to the power conversion device 2 via the current collection box B and becomes the input power Ppin, the value of the input power Ppin also changes when the power generation amount of the solar cell 1 fluctuates.
- the input power Ppin and the output power Ppo are substantially the same, if the voltage of the commercial power system 30 is constant (for example, AC 200 V in the single-phase three-wire system), the input power Ppin is supplied to the commercial power system 30.
- the output current Ipo can be obtained. Therefore, by changing the value of the output current Ipo, the output power Ppo value can be matched with the current generated power of the solar cell 1.
- the inverter circuit 23 outputs ON / OFF control of the switching elements 51 to 54 with a switching signal based on a PWM method obtained by modulating a carrier wave and a sinusoidal modulated wave, and outputs a single-phase pseudo sine wave.
- the output current Ipo can be controlled by changing the boost ratio of the booster circuit 21. Therefore, the current maximum value of the generated power of the solar cell 1 may be controlled by the target value It that maximizes the input power Ppin when the target value It of the output current Ipo is changed.
- FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the operation of the power conversion device during grid connection.
- step S32 the power difference
- the target current constant operation is performed when the input power Ppin is near the maximum value (
- step S33 it is determined in advance whether the target value It should be increased or decreased, and the target value It is changed according to the contents.
- Step S35 is a step for controlling the period during which this MPPT operation is performed.
- the count value T reaches a value Tth3 corresponding to the time of the third period Y (set appropriately in accordance with the clock of the counter). Whether or not (T> Tth3).
- the target value It of current is fixed when dPp ⁇ dPpth in step S34, and when T> Tth3 is determined, the process proceeds to the fourth period Z and is continued as it is.
- the target current value It may be changed by the MPPT operation until the third period Y is measured without determining dPp ⁇ dPpth in step S32.
- step S35 when the time measurement of the third period Y is determined by the timer in step S35, if dPp ⁇ dPpth is not satisfied, the target value It at that time is fixed and the fourth period Z is started. That is, the MPPT operation is temporarily terminated.
- step S36 The operation in the fourth period Z in which the MPPT operation is prohibited (the target current constant operation) is executed in steps S36 to S38. Specifically, when the fourth period Z is entered, the counter value T is first reset, and the target value It at this time is stored (step S36). Thereafter, the power conversion device 2 is controlled to be fixed at the stored target value It (step S37), and the period during which the target current constant operation is performed is controlled (step S38). In step S38, it is determined whether or not the count value T has reached a value Tth4 corresponding to the time of the fourth period Z (set appropriately in accordance with the clock of the counter) (T> Tth4).
- the count value of the timer T is reset to zero (step S39), and then the process returns to step S31 again to change the target value It of the output current Ipo and start the MPP operation.
- the target value It when the time measurement in the third period Y ends is fixed and used for control.
- the MPPT operation is continued over one period of the X period, and the target value It is always recalculated.
- the input power Ppin is obtained by the product of the input voltage Vpin of the booster circuit 21 and the input current Ipin.
- the input power Ppin can be replaced with the product of the input voltage of the inverter circuit 23 and the input current. It is.
- the power conversion device 2 repeats steps S31 to S39, thereby performing the operation of repeating the MPPT operation and the target current constant operation of the power conversion device 2.
- the power conversion device 41 determines whether or not the input power Ppin is near the maximum value, determines the operation without changing the MPPT operation or the target value of the output current (the target current is constant), and after the second period X has elapsed.
- the MPPT operation is prohibited and the target current constant operation is started. For this reason, the booster circuit 41 switches from the MPPT operation to the constant target current operation when the input power Ppin becomes close to the maximum value during the MPPT operation during the third period Y (see Y ′ in FIGS. 7 and 9 described later).
- FIG. 7 shows a time chart when the current collection box and the power conversion device according to the first embodiment operate.
- FIGS. 7A to 7D show time charts when the booster circuits 41a to 41d perform the MPPT operation, respectively, and
- FIG. 7E shows time charts when the power conversion device 2 performs the MPPT operation. Show.
- the white period C corresponds to the second period C in which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 described above is prohibited and the boost ratio is constant, and is hatched with diagonal lines.
- the period B corresponds to the first period B in which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 described above is performed.
- a period A including the first period B and the second period C corresponds to the first period A.
- a period E surrounded by a dotted line corresponds to a period in which the booster circuits 41a to 41d are not in operation or a period in which the operation at the time of activation is performed. It corresponds to.
- the white period Z corresponds to the fourth period Z in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 described above is prohibited and the target current constant operation is performed, and the hatched period Y is hatched.
- a period X obtained by adding the third period Y and the fourth period Z corresponds to the second period X.
- a period S hatched at a point corresponds to a period during which the power conversion device 2 performs an initial operation.
- the period in which the power converter 2 is not operating is before the period in which the initial operation is performed, but is omitted here.
- the first period A is divided into a first period B in which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 is enabled and a second period C in which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 is prohibited.
- the cycle X is divided into a third period Y in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is enabled and a fourth period Z in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is prohibited.
- the length of the first period A and the length of the second period X are made different. For this reason, the time slot
- the booster circuit 41 and the power conversion device 2 are different only in the control cycle and do not operate in response to commands from other circuits, so it is necessary to make special settings in the control circuits that control these circuits. However, it is possible to easily increase or decrease the number of lines through the booster circuit that boosts the output voltage of the solar cell and supplies power.
- the length of the second period X is shorter than the length of the first period A.
- the length of the second period C is longer than the length of the third period Y. For this reason, all the MPPT operations of the power converter 2 can be performed once in the second period C that is not affected by the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41. For this reason, it is possible to further suppress the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 from interfering with the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2.
- the length of the fourth period Z is longer than the length of the first period B. For this reason, all the MPPT operations of the booster circuit can be performed within the fourth period. Thereby, it can suppress more that the MPPT operation
- the cycle of starting the MPPT operation of the booster circuit of the booster circuit is different from the cycle of starting the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 of the other booster circuits (in the first embodiment, all the first 1 period A is set to a different length). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the timing of performing the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 can be shifted for the booster circuits 41a to 41d. Further, it is possible to reduce the time period during which the plurality of booster circuits 41a to 41d perform the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 simultaneously. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 of the booster circuits 41a to 41d from interfering with the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 at the same time.
- the period is lengthened, the opportunity to perform the MPPT operation on the solar cell in which the fluctuation of power increases when performing the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 is reduced.
- the opportunity to perform the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 that greatly interferes with the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is reduced, and the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 can be further prevented from interfering with the MPPT operation of the power converter 2.
- the higher the output of the booster circuits 41a to 41d (for example, the rated output power or the number of solar cells in series) is the first.
- the cycle is shortened, the opportunity for performing the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 on the solar cell from which more power can be extracted increases, so that it becomes easier to extract a large amount of power from the solar cells 1a to 1d.
- the length obtained by adding the lengths of the first periods B in the first periods A of the booster circuits 41a to 41d is shorter than the length of any second period C of the booster circuits 41a to 41d. It is set.
- the booster circuits 41a to 41d of the present embodiment have a configuration for changing the first period A.
- FIG. 8 shows an external view of the current collection box 4 of this embodiment.
- the rotary switches 43a to 43d are provided in the number of the booster circuits 41, and the first cycles A of the booster circuits 41a to 41d are used by using the rotary switches 43a to 43d. It is good to change.
- the booster circuits 41a to 41d are assigned to the rotary switches 43a to 43d, respectively, and the length of the first period A can be set according to the rotational position of the rotary switches 43a to 43d.
- the first cycle A of the booster circuits 41a to 41d may be changed by operating the button 45 while looking at the display unit 44.
- FIG. 9 shows a time chart when the current collection box and the power conversion device according to the second embodiment operate.
- FIGS. 9A to 9D show time charts when the booster circuits 41a to 41d perform the MPPT operation, respectively, and
- FIG. 9E shows time charts when the power converter 2 performs the MPPT operation. Show.
- the length of the second period X is longer than the length of the first period A.
- the length of the fourth period is made longer than the length of the first cycle A of each booster circuit.
- the booster circuit 41 prohibits the MPPT operation after the fixed first period B and starts the constant boost ratio operation, but the output power Pc of the solar cell 1 is the maximum value.
- the MPPT operation may be prohibited and a constant step-up ratio operation may be performed.
- the length of the first period B is configured to be changeable according to the output power Pc of the solar cell 1, and the length of the second period C is fixed to a certain length.
- the output power Pc of the solar cell 1 when the output power Pc of the solar cell 1 is close to the maximum value, it shifts to the second period B, so the length of the first period B is shortened and the length of the first period A is also shortened. (The length of the first period A changes).
- the length of the first period A changes.
- the timing for starting the MPPT control of the booster circuit is shifted. For this reason, since the period during which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit and the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 are simultaneously performed can be shifted, the influence of the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 on the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is suppressed. Can do.
- the power conversion device 2 prohibits the MPPT operation after the fixed third period Y and starts the target current constant operation, but the input power Ppin is near the maximum value. If it is determined, the MPPT operation may be prohibited and the target current constant operation may be performed.
- the length of the third period Y is configured to be changeable according to the input power Ppin, and the length of the fourth period Z is fixed to a certain length.
- the period shifts to the fourth period Z. Therefore, the length of the third period Y is shortened and the length of the second period X is also shortened (second period X length changes).
- the timing for starting the MPPT control of the power converter 2 is shifted. For this reason, since the period during which the MPPT operation of the booster circuit and the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 are simultaneously performed can be shifted, the influence of the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 on the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is suppressed. Can do.
- the booster circuit 21 is also provided in the power converter 2, but a configuration in which the booster circuit 21 is not provided in the power converter 2 can be adopted as shown in FIG.
- booster circuits 41a to 43c boost units 40a to 40d
- boost units 40a to 40d boost units 40a to 40d
- FIG. 4 For one solar cell 1, the booster circuit 41 (boost unit 40) may not be connected, and the solar cell 1 a may be directly connected to the output side of another booster circuit 41.
- a constant second period X is set by providing a third period in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is performed and a fourth period in which the MPPT operation of the power conversion device 2 is prohibited.
- the fourth period may be zero (see FIG. 12).
- the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is substantially always performed.
- the first period A a period for prohibiting the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 is provided, and there is a period in which the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 and the MPPT operation of the booster circuit 41 of the current collection box 4 are not performed simultaneously. Therefore, even if interference occurs in both MPPT operations, it will be resolved in this period. Therefore, the MPPT operation of the power converter 2 is repeatedly performed at the timing of the program incorporated in the main routine of the microcomputer program in the power converter 2, and the boosting ratio is updated by performing the maximum power comparison operation at each repetition period. It is what is done.
- a non-insulated booster circuit is used for the booster circuit 41 of the current collection box 4, but an insulating booster circuit 140 using a transformer 141 is used as shown in FIG. You can also.
- the booster circuit 140 has a circuit in which the primary winding of the transformer 141 and the switch element 142 are connected in series on the primary side. Further, the booster circuit 140 has a rectifier 144 on the secondary side, the secondary winding of the transformer 141 is connected to the AC side of the rectifier 144, and a diode 143 is connected in series to the DC side of the rectifier 144.
- the capacitor 145 has a circuit connected in parallel to the series circuit of the rectifier 144 and the diode 143.
- the booster circuit 140 includes a current sensor 85 that detects an input current, a voltage sensor 86 that detects an input voltage, and a voltage sensor 87 that detects an output voltage. Based on information obtained from these sensors.
- the switch element 142 is periodically opened and closed to obtain a predetermined step-up ratio.
- the output power of the solar cell 1 is not supplied to the power conversion device 2 when the switch element 142 is open, so that it is necessary to start from the current collection box 4.
- the operation of the isolated booster circuit 140 can be handled by adding a step of operating with a constant boost ratio before step S11 of FIG.
- the booster circuit 140 illustrated in FIG. 13 is an example of an isolated booster circuit, and the same may be applied to other isolated booster circuits.
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Abstract
Description
(特許文献1)。
これらの制御により昇圧回路の昇圧比は、太陽電池の出力電力が最大値になる位置に収束する。
このMPPT動作は、商用電力系統の電圧が安定していれば、インバータ回路23の出力電流の目標値を増加・減少させて、インバータ回路の出力電力が最大値(即ち、電力変換装置の入力電力が最大値)になる目標電流値を探す。この時、昇圧比は、目標値の電流がインバータ回路から出力されるように決定する。
昇圧回路41は、起動時に電力変換装置2の起動(連系)を確認してから昇圧を開始する。電力変換装置2は、集電箱4の昇圧回路41に非絶縁型昇圧回路を用いているため、昇圧回路41が昇圧動作をしていなくてもリアクトル81及びダイオード83を介して電力が供給されるため起動することができる。電力変換装置2が起動して連系を開始すると、電流センサ85が検出する電流が増加することで、電力変換装置2の起動(連系)が確認できる。この昇圧回路41が起動する際の動作について図面を用いて説明する。図4に、集電箱4の昇圧回路41の起動時の動作のフローチャートを示す。
このようにすることで、固定された第1周期Aの中で、昇圧比一定動作を行う時間を増やすことができるため、電力変換装置MPPT動作に影響を与える昇圧回路のMPPT動作を行う期間を短くすることができる。
電力変換装置2は、入力電圧が所定値(例えばDC100V程度)を超えると連系開始前の初期動作を開始する。電力変換装置2は、初期動作において、入力電圧が所定値(例えば100V程度)を超えると電力変換装置2内の昇圧回路21が昇圧を開始する。そして、電力変換装置2は、昇圧回路21の昇圧電圧が所定値(例えば、300V程度)になると、インバータ回路23により、商用電力系統と位相が同期する交流電力の生成を開始して、系統連系用リレー(図示しない)を閉じて連系を開始する。
図7に第1の実施形態における集電箱及び電力変換装置が動作する際のタイムチャートを示す。図7(a)~(d)はそれぞれ、昇圧回路41a~41dがMPPT動作を行う際のタイムチャートを示し、図7(e)は、電力変換装置2がMPPT動作を行う際のタイムチャートを示している。
第1の実施形態では、第1周期Aよりも第2周期Xが短い場合について述べたが、第2の実施形態では、第1周期Aよりも第2周期Xが長くしている。これ以外の構成については、これまでに述べた構成と同様の構成を用いることができるため説明を省略する。
例えば、本実施形態において、昇圧回路41は、固定された第1期間B経過後にMPPT動作を禁止して昇圧比一定動作を開始するようにしていたが、太陽電池1の出力電力Pcが最大値付近であることを判断した場合に、MPPT動作を禁止して昇圧比一定動作を行うようにしても良い。これにより、第1期間Bの長さは太陽電池1の出力電力Pcに応じて変更可能に構成され、第2期間Cの長さは一定の長さに固定されることになる。
また、例えば、本実施形態において、電力変換装置2は、固定された第3期間Y経過後にMPPT動作を禁止して目標電流一定動作を開始するようにしていたが、入力電力Ppinが最大値付近であることを判断した場合に、MPPT動作を禁止して目標電流一定動作を行うようにしても良い。これにより、第3期間Yの長さは入力電力Ppinに応じて変更可能に構成され、第4期間Zの長さは一定の長さに固定されることになる。
また、例えば、本実施形態において、電力変換装置2にも昇圧回路21を設けたが、図10に示すように、電力変換装置2に、昇圧回路21を設けない構成を採用することもできる。
また、例えば、本実施形態において、すべての太陽電池1a~1dには昇圧回路41a~43c(昇圧ユニット40a~40d)が接続される構成を用いていたが、図11に示すように、何れか1つの太陽電池1については、昇圧回路41(昇圧ユニット40)を接続せず、太陽電池1aを直接他の昇圧回路41の出力側に接続するようにしても良い。
また、例えば、本実施形態において、電力変換装置2のMPPT動作を行う第3期間と電力変換装置2のMPPT動作を禁止する第4期間とを設けて一定の第2周期Xを設定していたが、第4期間をゼロにしても良い(図12参照)。この場合、実質的に電力変換装置2のMPPT動作は常時行われることになる。第1周期Aには昇圧回路41のMPPT動作を禁止する期間が設けられており、電力変換装置2のMPPT動作と集電箱4の昇圧回路41のMPPT動作とが同時に行われない期間ができるので、仮に両MPPT動作で干渉が生じていてもこの期間で解消されることになる。従って、電力変換装置2のMPPT動作は電力変換装置2内のマイコンプログラムのメインルーチンに組み込まれるプログラムのタイミングで繰り返し行われ、この繰り返し周期毎に最大電力の比較動作が行われて昇圧比が更新されるものである。
また、例えば、本実施形態において、集電箱4の昇圧回路41に非絶縁型の昇圧回路を用いていたが、図13に示すようにトランス141を用いた絶縁型の昇圧回路140を用いることもできる。昇圧回路140は、1次側に、トランス141の1次側巻き線とスイッチ素子142を直列に接続した回路を有している。また、昇圧回路140は、2次側に、整流器144を有しており、トランス141の2次側巻き線が整流器144の交流側に接続され、整流器144の直流側にダイオード143が直列に接続され、コンデンサ145が整流器144とダイオード143の直列回路に並列に接続される回路を有している。
尚、図13に示す昇圧回路140は、絶縁型の昇圧回路の一例であり、他の絶縁型の昇圧回路でも同様にすると良い。
2 電力変換装置
4 集電箱
21 昇圧回路
22 パワコン制御回路
23 インバータ回路
30 商用電力系統
40a~40d
昇圧ユニット
41a~41d
昇圧回路
42a~42d 昇圧制御回路
43a~43d
回転式スイッチ
44 表示部
45 ボタン
50 系統連系システム
Claims (5)
- 複数の太陽電池セルを直列に接続した太陽電池ストリングが少なくとも2つ以上接続できる数の端子を備え、これら端子から入力した前記太陽電池ストリングの発電電力を最大値になるように制御した後出力する集電箱において、
前記端子を介して入力された前記太陽電池ストリングの発電電力の電圧を夫々個別に昇圧する昇圧回路と、これら昇圧回路の出力を全て単一の出力にまとめた後出力する出力回路とを備え、前記昇圧回路の夫々は夫々所定の周期毎に印加されている電圧を一定時間の間対応する発電電力が最大値になるように昇圧比を制御すると共に、昇圧回路の夫々の作動する周期を異なる値に設定して成ることを特徴とする集電箱。 - 前記周期の一定時間を第1区間とし、残りの時間を昇圧比を一定の値に固定する第2区間とした際に前記昇圧回路の夫々の第1区間の長さを合算した時間は、何れの前記第2区間の時間より短いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の集電箱。
- 前記昇圧回路は、前記周期を変更可能にすることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の集電箱。
- 前記第1区間の長さを、変更可能にするとともに、前記第2区間の長さを所定の長さに固定し、前記昇圧回路は、前記第1区間において、昇圧比の制御を行っている際に、前記太陽電池の発電電力の変動量が所定量より小さくなると、前記第1区間の昇圧比の制御を終了して昇圧比を固定した後、第2区間は当該昇圧比で前記昇圧回路の動作を行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3の何れかに記載の集電箱。
- 前記昇圧回路は、該昇圧回路に入力、或いは出力される電流を検出する電流検出回路を有し、前記昇圧回路は起動時に、前記電流検出回路の検出する電流が所定値を超えている場合に、前記昇圧比の制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4の何れかに記載の集電箱。
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JP2013507380A JP5887500B2 (ja) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-16 | 集電箱 |
EP20120764941 EP2693289A4 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-16 | CURRENT CAPACITY BOX |
CN201280015548.2A CN103477524B (zh) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-16 | 集电箱 |
US14/006,494 US20140008983A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-03-16 | Current collection box |
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US (1) | US20140008983A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2693289A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5887500B2 (ja) |
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JP2015072571A (ja) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-16 | 山洋電気株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
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2012
- 2012-03-16 WO PCT/JP2012/056804 patent/WO2012132949A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-03-16 EP EP20120764941 patent/EP2693289A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-16 MY MYPI2013701776A patent/MY166294A/en unknown
- 2012-03-16 CN CN201280015548.2A patent/CN103477524B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-16 JP JP2013507380A patent/JP5887500B2/ja active Active
- 2012-03-16 US US14/006,494 patent/US20140008983A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014197975A (ja) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-10-16 | シンフォニアテクノロジー株式会社 | 発電システム |
CN104124699A (zh) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-10-29 | 株式会社安川电机 | 电力系统互连装置 |
JP2014215831A (ja) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-11-17 | 株式会社安川電機 | 系統連系装置 |
JP2015072571A (ja) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-16 | 山洋電気株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
EP3089310A4 (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2016-12-28 | Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd | POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM, CONVERTER DEVICE, INVERTER DEVICE, AND POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM MANUFACTURING METHOD |
CN104883121A (zh) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-02 | 浙江大学 | 基于功率-电压拟合曲线的光伏电池控制方法和系统 |
JP2018092524A (ja) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2012132949A1 (ja) | 2014-07-28 |
MY166294A (en) | 2018-06-25 |
US20140008983A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
CN103477524B (zh) | 2015-08-12 |
EP2693289A4 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
EP2693289A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
CN103477524A (zh) | 2013-12-25 |
JP5887500B2 (ja) | 2016-03-16 |
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