WO2012132198A1 - Système générateur d'énergie et procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'un système générateur d'énergie - Google Patents

Système générateur d'énergie et procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'un système générateur d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012132198A1
WO2012132198A1 PCT/JP2012/001030 JP2012001030W WO2012132198A1 WO 2012132198 A1 WO2012132198 A1 WO 2012132198A1 JP 2012001030 W JP2012001030 W JP 2012001030W WO 2012132198 A1 WO2012132198 A1 WO 2012132198A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
power generation
heat
amount
detector
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PCT/JP2012/001030
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
島田　孝徳
正史 藤井
加藤　玄道
鋭 張
田中　良和
Original Assignee
パナソニック株式会社
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Publication of WO2012132198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012132198A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power generation system including a power generation device that supplies electric power and a method for operating the power generation system.
  • the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and even if the user's power usage pattern changes, the energy efficiency of the power generation system and the power generation system can be improved as compared with the conventional technique.
  • the purpose is to provide a driving method.
  • a power generation system includes a power generation device that supplies power to an external power load, a power detector that detects power supplied from the power generation device to the external power load, and A heat accumulator that stores heat generated from the power generation device and supplies the heat to an external heat load, a heat amount detector that detects the amount of heat stored in the heat accumulator, a storage device, a predictor, and an operation planner A control device, wherein the memory stores the power detected by the power detector or the amount of heat detected by the heat quantity detector, and the predictor is based on the power or the amount of heat stored in the memory.
  • Predicting the amount of power consumed by the external power load or the amount of heat consumed by the external heat load, and the operation planner is based on the power predicted by the predictor (hereinafter, predicted power) or the predicted amount of heat.
  • Power plant operation plan The integrated value of the power detected by the power detector during the first operation of executing the operation plan of the power generation device planned by the operation planner is the integrated value of the predicted power. If the power amount deviates by more than the first power amount, the next power generation operation of the power generation device is detected from the first operation, and the power detection is performed for power equal to or higher than the second power, which is higher than the power necessary for starting the power generation device.
  • the generator detects, and when the amount of heat of the regenerator becomes equal to or less than the first threshold value, it is configured to switch to the second operation, which is an operation to start the power generation device in at least one of the cases. ing.
  • an operation method of the power generation system includes a power generation device that supplies power to an external power load, a power detector that detects power supplied from the power generation device to the external power load, and the power generation device.
  • a power storage system operation method comprising: a heat accumulator that stores generated heat and supplies the heat to an external heat load; and a heat amount detector that detects an amount of heat stored in the heat accumulator.
  • the power detector Storing the power detected by the device or the heat detected by the heat detector, predicting the power consumed by the external power load or the heat consumed by the external heat load based on the stored power, Planning the operation plan of the power generation device based on the predicted power (hereinafter, predicted power) or heat quantity, executing the planned operation plan of the power generation device, When the power detected by the power detector deviates more than the first power amount from the predicted power during the execution of the plan, the power detector detects the next power generation operation of the power generation device from the first operation.
  • predicted power predicted power
  • At least one of a case where the power to be detected is a power greater than or equal to the second power, which is greater than the power required for starting the power generation device, and a case where the amount of heat of the heat accumulator is less than or equal to the first threshold. it is an operation in which the starting the power generation device in the case of, comprising a step of switching to the second operation, the.
  • the life pattern of the user fluctuates and the power pattern used by the user deviates from the operation plan planned by the operation planner, the next time By switching the power generation operation to the second operation, the energy efficiency can be improved as compared with the conventional technique.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart schematically showing the switching determination operation between the first operation and the second operation by the control device of the power generation system shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph schematically showing an example of the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor of the power generation system shown in FIG. 1, the power amount actually used by the user, and the power amount generated by the fuel cell.
  • Figure 4 is a flowchart schematically showing a second operation by the control device of the power generation system shown in FIG. FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph schematically showing an example of the amount of power actually used by the user and the amount of power generated by the fuel cell when the control device of the power generation system shown in FIG. 1 executes the second operation.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph schematically illustrating an example of the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor of the power generation system illustrated in FIG. 1 and the power amount actually used by the user.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing the switching determination operation between the first operation and the second operation by the control device in the power generation system of the first modification.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart schematically showing a second operation by the control device of the power generation system of the second modification.
  • Figure 9 is a flowchart schematically showing a second operation by the control device of the power generation system of Modification Example 3.
  • Figure 10 is a graph schematically illustrating an example of a heat storage amount of hot water storage tank when executing a second operation by the control device of the power generation system of Modification Example 3.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph schematically illustrating an example of fluctuations in power stored in the storage device.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing a second operation by the control device for the power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • a power generation system is generated from a power generation device that supplies power to an external power load, a power detector that detects power supplied from the power generation device to the external power load, and the power generation device.
  • a heat accumulator for storing heat and supplying the heat to an external heat load; a heat amount detector for detecting the amount of heat stored in the heat accumulator; and a controller having a storage device, a predictor, and an operation planner.
  • the memory stores the power detected by the power detector or the heat detected by the heat detector, and the predictor stores the power consumed by the external power load based on the power or heat stored in the memory or the external
  • the amount of heat consumed by the heat load is predicted, and the operation planner plans an operation plan of the power generation apparatus based on the power predicted by the predictor (hereinafter, predicted power) or the predicted amount of heat.
  • predicted power the power predicted by the predictor
  • the generator set planned by the generator If the integrated value of the power detected by the power detector deviates by more than the first power amount from the integrated value of the predicted power during the first operation in which the power generation device is executed, the next power generation operation of the power generator is changed from the first operation to the power generation.
  • the power detector detects a power greater than or equal to the second power, which is greater than the power required for starting the device, and the amount of heat of the heat accumulator is less than or equal to the first threshold value It is comprised so that it may switch to the 2nd driving
  • the second operation may be an operation performed when the power generation device is activated less than a predetermined number of times in a preset unit period.
  • the second operation may be an operation in which the power generation device is stopped when a preset second time has elapsed since the power generation device was activated.
  • the first power amount may be 60 to 90% of the integrated value of the predicted power.
  • the control device includes a first period, a second period that is longer than the first period, and a third period that is longer than the second period.
  • the predictor has a timer for measuring the amount of power consumed by the external power load or the amount of heat consumed by the external heat load in the first period unit based on the power or heat amount in the third period stored in the storage device.
  • the prediction and the operation planner may plan an operation plan of the power generation apparatus within the second period based on the electric power or heat quantity predicted by the predictor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a power generation system 100 includes a fuel cell (power generation device) 10, a power detector 20, a hot water storage tank (heat storage) 50, a temperature detector (heat quantity detector) 61 to 64 and a control device 30.
  • the control device 30 includes the operation planner 4 and the predictor 5, and the power detected by the power detector 20 during the first operation of executing the operation plan of the fuel cell 10 planned by the operation planner 4.
  • the integrated value of is deviated more than the first power amount from the integrated value of the predicted power, the next power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 is switched from the first operation to the second operation.
  • the fuel cell 10 is an apparatus that generates electricity and heat by electrochemically reacting a reducing agent gas containing hydrogen and an oxidizing gas containing oxygen.
  • various fuel cells such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell, and an indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell can be used.
  • the fuel cell 10 is used as the power generator, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the power generation device may be in any form as long as it can generate DC power.
  • the power generator may be used, for example, prime mover such as a gas turbine or a diesel engine.
  • the external power load 101 is connected to the fuel cell 10 via a wiring 11.
  • the external power load 101 is, for example, a device that consumes AC power, such as an electrical device in each home where the power generation system 100 is installed.
  • a power detector 20 is connected in the middle of the wiring 11.
  • the power detector 20 may be in any form as long as the power flowing through the wiring 11 can be detected.
  • an ammeter may be configured, or an ammeter and a voltmeter may be configured.
  • a current transformer can be used as the ammeter.
  • the power value detected by the power meter the power value of the wiring 11 detected by the inverter can be used. Then, the power detector 20 outputs the detected power (power load) to the control device 30.
  • the fuel cell 10 is provided with a cooling water flow path 10A through which cooling water for recovering heat generated in the fuel cell 10 flows.
  • a cooling water circulation path 41 is connected to the cooling water flow path 10A.
  • a heat exchanger 40 is provided in the middle of the cooling water circulation path 41, and the cooling water circulation path 41 is connected to the primary flow path of the heat exchanger 40.
  • the secondary flow path of the heat exchanger 40, the hot water circulation path 51 is connected.
  • a hot water storage tank 50 is provided in the middle of the hot water circulation path 51.
  • An external heat load 102 is connected to the upper part of the hot water storage tank 50 via a hot water supply path 52, and hot hot water in the hot water storage tank 50 is supplied to the external heat load 102.
  • a water supply path 53 is connected to the lower part of the hot water storage tank 50 so that city water is supplied into the hot water storage tank 50.
  • the cooling water collects the heat generated in the fuel cell 10, and the hot water is heated by exchanging heat between the hot water and the cooling water in the heat exchanger 40.
  • the heated hot water is supplied to the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 50 through the hot water circulation path 51. In this manner, hot hot water is stored in the upper part of the hot water storage tank 50, and low temperature hot water is stored in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 50.
  • the hot water storage tank 50 is provided with temperature detectors 61A to 61D arranged in the vertical direction.
  • the temperature detectors 61A to 61D are configured to output the detected temperature to the control device 30.
  • the control device 30 calculates the amount of heat (heat load) of the hot water storage tank 50 from the temperature detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D and the capacity of the hot water storage tank 50.
  • the control device 30 has an arithmetic processor 1, a timer 2, and a storage device 3.
  • the arithmetic processor 1 includes a microprocessor, a CPU, and the like.
  • the storage device 3 may be in any form as long as it is configured to store various data.
  • memory such as a non-volatile memory and a volatile memory, is mentioned, for example.
  • the timer 2 has a clock and a calendar function, and has a first period, a second period that is longer than the first period, and a third period that is longer than the second period. It is configured to keep time. Needless to say, the timer 2 can also measure a period shorter than the first period.
  • a combination of “the first period, the second period that is longer than the first period, and the third period that is longer than the second period” ie, “the first period, the second period, and the second period
  • Examples of the “combination of three engines” include “1 hour, 1 day, and 3 days”. Other examples include “1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week” and “1 hour, 1 day, and 1 month”. That is, the first period and the second period can be arbitrarily set as long as the second period is an integer multiple other than 1 of the first period.
  • the third period can be arbitrarily set as long as it is an integer multiple other than 1 of the second period.
  • control apparatus 30 reads the predetermined control program stored in the memory
  • control device 30 is not only configured as a single control device, but may be configured as a control device group in which a plurality of control devices cooperate to execute control of the power generation system 100. Absent. Moreover, the control apparatus 30 may be comprised by micro control, and may be comprised by MPU, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a logic circuit, etc.
  • the predictor 5 of the control device 30 includes a history group of power load or heat load accumulated in the storage device 3 (for example, a history group from the day before the operation plan execution date to n days before or the operation plan execution date).
  • the power load or the heat load in the operation plan period (for example, from 00:00:00 to 24:00:00) is predicted from the history group of the day of the week. That is, the storage device 3 stores only the power load, only the heat load, or both the power load and the heat load.
  • the predictor 5 predicts only the power load, only the heat load, or both the power load and the heat load from the load stored in the storage device 3.
  • the predictor 5 the predicted electric power load (hereinafter, predicted power loads that) or predicted thermal load (hereinafter, referred to as predictive heat load) to the operation plan unit 4.
  • the operation planner 4 creates an operation plan for the fuel cell 10 from the predicted power load or the predicted heat load input from the predictor 5.
  • the operation plan created by the operation planner 4 is output to the control device 30.
  • the control device 30 controls the operation of the power generation system 100 based on the operation plan (the control device 30 executes the first operation).
  • the integrated value of the power detected by the power detector 20 is the integrated value of the predicted power load (predicted power) during execution of the first operation. If the first power amount is deviated by more than the second amount, the second operation is executed.
  • An operation plan may be created by the method disclosed in the above. Further, the operation planner 4 sets the operation start time of the power generation system 100 on the operation plan execution date based on the predicted power load or the predicted heat load input from the predictor 5, and determines a predetermined value from the set operation start time. An operation plan in which the power generation system 100 is operated continuously for a time (for example, 8 hours), and the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10 is changed so as to follow the power detected by the power detector 20 during the operation time. May be created.
  • the operation planner 4 starts the operation of the power generation system 100 on the operation plan execution date based on the predicted heat load input from the predictor 5.
  • the time is set, the rated operation of the fuel cell 10 is performed continuously for a predetermined time (for example, 8 hours) from the set operation start time, and the power not used by the external power load 101 is sold.
  • An operation plan may be created.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart schematically showing a switching determination operation between the first operation and the second operation by the control device of the power generation system shown in FIG.
  • the first operation refers to an operation for executing the power generation operation of the power generation system 100 (fuel cell 10) based on the operation plan of the fuel cell 10 created by the operation planner 4.
  • the second operation refers to the next operation of the power generation system 100 (fuel cell 10) when the power detected by the power detector 20 deviates more than the first power amount from the predicted power during the first operation. (More accurately, the operation is performed from the next operation plan period), and the electric power is equal to or higher than the second electric power that is larger than the electric power necessary for starting the fuel cell 10 from the start of the next operation plan period.
  • the power detector 20 detects it, it means an operation for starting the fuel cell 10.
  • the second operation from activates the fuel cell 10 for a predetermined time (for example, 8 hours) after the lapse may stop the power generation system 100 (fuel cell 10).
  • the second operation may be an operation performed when the fuel cell 10 is activated less than a predetermined number of times in a preset unit period.
  • the second operation is performed when the fuel cell 10 is not activated and the power detector 20 is set to the second power.
  • the fuel cell 10 is activated.
  • the second operation is performed when the fuel cell 10 has already been activated 5 times, and then the second power Even if the power detector 20 detects the above power, the fuel cell 10 is not started.
  • the control device 30 acquires the power E detected by the power detector 20 from the power detector 20 during the first operation (step S101). Next, the control device 30 calculates an integrated value (power amount) E1 of power from the start of the operation plan period to the time when the power E is acquired from the power E acquired in step S101 (step S102).
  • the integrated value E1 calculated in step S102 is equal to or more than the first electric energy than the integrated value of the predicted power predicted by the predictor 5 from the start of the operation plan period to the time when the power E is acquired. It is determined whether or not there is a deviation (step S103).
  • the “first power amount” can be arbitrarily set.
  • the integrated value E1 of the electric power E deviates by more than the first electric energy means that the integrated value E1 is less than or equal to the first electric energy with respect to the integrated value of the predicted electric power. Including both cases.
  • the control device 30 causes the integrated value E1 calculated in step S102 to deviate by more than the first power amount from the integrated value of the predicted power predicted by the predictor 5 from the start of the operation plan period to the time when the power E is acquired. If it is determined (Yes in step S103), the next operation is switched to the second operation and stored in the storage device 3 (step S104). On the other hand, when the integrated value E1 calculated in step S102 is not deviated by more than the first power amount from the integrated value of predicted power predicted by the predictor 5 from the start of the operation plan period to the time when the power E is acquired (step) In No in S103, the next operation is stored in the storage device 3 so as to execute the first operation (step S105).
  • the operation planner 4 starts the operation of the power generation system 100 at the operation plan execution date (for example, at 12:00, based on the predicted power load or the predicted heat load input from the predictor 5). Then, at 14:00, power supply from the fuel cell 10 to the external power load 101 is set), and the power generation system 100 is operated continuously for a predetermined time (here, 8 hours) from the set operation start time. during operation time, so as to follow the power detected by the power detector 20, that varies the amount of power generation of the fuel cell 10, it is assumed that the operating schedule a.
  • FIG. 3 shows the predicted power amount at this time, the power amount actually used by the user, and the power amount generated by the fuel cell 10.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph schematically showing an example of the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor of the power generation system shown in FIG. 1, the power amount actually used by the user, and the power amount generated by the fuel cell.
  • the broken line indicates the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor 5
  • the solid line indicates the actually used power (used power amount)
  • the hatched portion indicates the power amount generated by the fuel cell 10. Indicates.
  • the broken lines are shifted so that the broken lines and the solid lines do not overlap.
  • the operation planner 4 plans the next operation of the power generation system 100 based on the predicted power load or the predicted heat load input from the predictor 5. Since the prediction of the predictor 5 is predicted from the history group of the power load accumulated in the storage device 3, the previous power use pattern data is not sufficiently accumulated until the previous (execution date of the operation plan A). The proportion of the power actually used contributes to the next prediction is small. For this reason, the operation plan planned by the operation planner 4 is not so different from the operation plan A planned last time.
  • the control device 30 has an integrated power value (power amount) E1 from the start of the operation plan period to the time when the power E is acquired.
  • the next power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 is changed to the second operation when the predicted power 5 deviates more than the first power amount predicted by the predictor 5 from the start of the operation plan period to the time when the power E is acquired. It is configured to switch.
  • the second operation will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph schematically showing an example of the amount of power actually used by the user and the amount of power generated by the fuel cell when the control device of the power generation system shown in FIG. 1 executes the second operation.
  • the actually used electric energy is shown by the same value as the actually used electric energy shown in FIG. 3.
  • the control device 30 acquires the power E1 detected by the power detector 20 from the power detector 20 (step S301). Next, the control device 30 determines whether or not the power E1 acquired in step S301 is equal to or higher than the second power (step S302).
  • the “second electric power” can be arbitrarily set as long as it is higher than the electric power required for starting the fuel cell 10.
  • the second power may be 300 to 500 W.
  • step S301 When the electric power E1 acquired in step S301 is less than the second electric power (No in step S302), the control device 30 returns to step S301, and until the electric power E1 becomes equal to or higher than the second electric power, Step S302 is repeated. On the other hand, if the power E1 is equal to or higher than the second power (Yes in step S302), the control device 30 proceeds to step S303.
  • step S303 the control device 30 starts the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 (activates the fuel cell 10). Then, the control device 30 acquires the current time from the timer 2 (step S304), and calculates an elapsed time T1 after starting the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 (step S305).
  • control device 30 determines whether or not the time T1 calculated in step S305 is equal to or longer than the second time (step S306).
  • the second time can be arbitrarily set, and may be, for example, 6 hours or 8 hours.
  • Step S306 the control device 30 returns to step S304 and continues to steps S304 to S304 until the time T1 becomes equal to or greater than the second time. Step S306 is repeated. On the other hand, when the time T1 is equal to or longer than the second time (Yes in Step S306), the control device 30 proceeds to Step S307.
  • step S307 the control device 30 stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 and ends the program (second operation).
  • the control device 30 determines the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10 so as to follow the power detected by the power detector 20. Fluctuate.
  • the operation planner 4 plans an operation plan based on the predicted power predicted by the predictor 5 as shown in FIG. 3, and executes the operation plan (first operation). Compared with, energy efficiency can be improved.
  • the control device 30 when the control device 30 performs the first operation, the integrated value of power detected by the power detector 20 deviates by more than the first power amount from the integrated value of predicted power.
  • operation was employ
  • another embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
  • Figure 6 is a graph schematically illustrating an example of a predictor predicted power amount was predicted and the amount of power the user actually uses the power generation system shown in FIG.
  • the broken line indicates the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor 5
  • the solid line indicates the actually used power (used power amount)
  • the hatched portion overlaps the predicted power amount and the used power amount. Shows the part. Further, in FIG. 6, after 18:00, the broken lines are shifted so that the broken lines and the solid lines do not overlap.
  • the control device 30 while executing the first operation, the predicted power amount for each first period and the power amount detected by the power detector 20 for each first period (hereinafter, used power amount). ) To calculate the amount of power where the predicted power amount and the used power amount overlap (hereinafter referred to as matched power amount), and the amount of power where the predicted power amount and used power amount do not overlap (hereinafter referred to as mismatched energy amount) , Is calculated.
  • the control device 30 executes the second operation when the integrated value / matching power amount of the mismatch power amount is 1.5 or more (that is, when a threshold value of 1.5 or more is detected). You may employ
  • the power generation apparatus when the power detected by the power detector deviates more than the first power amount from the predicted power continuously for a plurality of first periods, the power generation apparatus This is an example in which the next power generation operation is switched from the first operation to the second operation.
  • the power generation system 100 according to the first modification of the first embodiment has the same basic configuration as the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment, and thus the description of the configuration is omitted. Further, the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 in the power generation system 100 of the first modification is performed in the same manner as the power generation operation of a general fuel cell, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing the switching judgment operation between the first operation and the second operation by the control device in the power generation system of the first modification. Note that in the first modification, the switching determination operation between the first operation and the second operation by the control device 30 is not limited to being performed at the final time of the operation plan period, and the first operation is performed within a predetermined period. It may be performed at any time when there is a deviation from the amount of power.
  • control device 30 acquires the history of the power E detected by the power detector 20 during the operation plan period from the storage device 3 at the final time of the operation plan period (step S201). Next, the control device 30 calculates an integrated value E1 of power in the first period from the power E acquired in step S201 (step S202).
  • the integrated value E1 calculated in step S202 is equal to or greater than the first electric energy than the integrated value (predicted electric energy) of the predicted electric power predicted by the predictor 5 continuously for a plurality of first periods. It is determined whether or not there is a deviation (step S203). For example, in the graph shown in FIG. 3, when the first period is set to 1 hour, the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor 5 from 14:00 to 16:00 is a plurality of first periods continuously. Therefore, the first power amount is deviated more than the first power amount.
  • step S202 when the integrated value E1 of the power calculated in step S202 is shifted by a first power amount or more than the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor 5 for a plurality of first periods (step (step S202)).
  • step S203 Yes
  • the next operation is stored in the storage device 3 so as to switch to the second operation (step S204).
  • the integrated value E1 of the power calculated in step S202 is not shifted more than the first power amount from the predicted power amount predicted by the predictor 5 continuously for a plurality of first periods (No in step S203). Is stored in the storage device 3 so as to execute the first operation also in the next operation (step S205).
  • the power generation system 100 according to the first modification configured as described above has the same effects as the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the control device stores the third power, which is higher than the lowest power among the power detected by the power detector, in the memory, and the second operation is performed.
  • the power detector is operated to stop the power generation device when it detects power not lower than the preset first time and not higher than the third power.
  • the power generation system 100 according to the second modification of the first embodiment has the same basic configuration as the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment, and thus the description of the configuration is omitted.
  • the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 in the power generation system 100 of the second modification is performed in the same manner as the power generation operation of a general fuel cell, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart schematically showing a second operation by the control device of the power generation system of the second modification.
  • the control device 30 acquires the power E1 detected by the power detector 20 from the power detector 20 (step S401). Next, the control device 30 determines whether or not the power E1 acquired in step S401 is equal to or higher than the second power (step S402).
  • step S401 When the electric power E1 acquired in step S401 is less than the second electric power (No in step S402), the control device 30 returns to step S401, and step S401 and step until the electric power E1 becomes equal to or higher than the second electric power. S402 is repeated. On the other hand, when the power E1 is equal to or higher than the second power (Yes in Step S402), the control device 30 proceeds to Step S403.
  • step S403 the control device 30 starts the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 (activates the fuel cell 10).
  • the control device 30 acquires the power E2 detected by the power detector 20 from the power detector 20 (step S404), and determines whether or not the power E2 acquired in step S404 is equal to or lower than the third power.
  • the third power is higher than the lowest power among the power detected by the power detector 20. More specifically, the third power is higher than the lowest power detected by the power detector 20 after the power generation system 100 is installed, and is detected by the power detector 20 from the viewpoint of energy saving.
  • the power is preferably 50 to 100 W higher than the lowest power.
  • the third power is, for example, 100 W or more from the viewpoint of energy saving (if the power consumption is too small, the proportion of energy used to maintain the power generation of the fuel cell 10 increases and the energy saving performance decreases). It is preferable that the generation of surplus power is suppressed and a predetermined power generation time (the amount of energy consumed when starting the power generation system 100 can be saved (the amount of power consumed when starting the power generation system 100 is reduced). From the viewpoint of securing a sufficient power generation time (for example, 4 to 5 hours), it is preferably 200 W or less.
  • step S404 When the power E2 acquired in step S404 is larger than the third power (No in step S405), the control device 30 repeats steps S404 and S405 until the power E2 becomes equal to or lower than the third power. On the other hand, when power E2 is equal to or lower than the third power (Yes in step S405), control device 30 proceeds to step S406.
  • step S406 the control device 30 detects a time T that has elapsed since the time when the power E2 was acquired from the power detector 20 in step S404.
  • the control device 30 determines whether or not the time T is equal to or longer than a preset first time (step S407).
  • the first time can be arbitrarily set, and for example, 40 minutes to 50 minutes may be set.
  • the control device 30 acquires the power E2 detected by the power detector 20 from the power detector 20 (step S408). .
  • the control device 30 passes the time elapsed from the time when the power E2 is acquired from the power detector 20 in step S404. The count of T is continued and steps S407 to S409 are repeated until the time T becomes equal to or longer than the first time. Note that if the power E2 acquired in step S408 is greater than the third power (No in step S409), the control device 30 stops counting the time T and returns to step S404.
  • control device 30 stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 and ends the program (second operation).
  • the power generation system 100 of the second modification configured as described above has the same operational effects as the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the second operation is an operation in which the power generation device is stopped when the heat storage amount of the heat accumulator is equal to or more than a second threshold value set in advance. This is just an example.
  • the power generation system 100 according to the third modification of the first embodiment has the same basic configuration as the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment, and thus the description of the configuration is omitted. Moreover, since the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 in the power generation system 100 of the third modification is performed in the same manner as the power generation operation of a general fuel cell, detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the control device 30 acquires the temperatures t1A to t1D detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D (step S501).
  • the controller 30 stores the amount of heat stored in the hot water storage tank 50 (the amount of heat) from the temperatures t1A to t1D acquired in step S501, the volume of the hot water storage tank 50, and the temperature t0 of city water supplied to the hot water storage tank 50.
  • Q1 is calculated (step S502). Specifically, the following formula is obtained.
  • the city water temperature t ⁇ b> 0 is the temperature of the city water detected when a temperature detector (not shown) provided in the water supply path 53 supplies the city water to the hot water storage tank 50.
  • Heat storage amount Q1 ⁇ (t1A ⁇ t0) ⁇ volume of hot water storage tank 50/4 ⁇ + ⁇ (t1B ⁇ t0) ⁇ volume of hot water storage tank 50 ⁇ 4 ⁇ + ⁇ (t1C ⁇ t0) ⁇ volume of hot water storage tank 50 ⁇ 4 ⁇ + ⁇ (T1D-t0) ⁇ volume of hot water storage tank 50 ⁇ 4 ⁇
  • the control apparatus 30 judges whether the thermal storage amount Q1 calculated by step S502 is below a 1st threshold value.
  • the first threshold value can be arbitrarily set.
  • the hot water storage tank 50 is preferably 30% or more of the heat storage amount in the fully stored state, and the predetermined operating time (power generation) From the viewpoint of securing a time during which the amount of electric power consumed when starting the system 100 can be generated by the fuel cell 10; for example, 4 to 5 hours), 50% of the amount of heat stored when the hot water storage tank 50 is fully stored. It may be the following.
  • the first threshold value may be 40% of the heat storage amount when the hot water storage tank 50 is in the fully stored state from the above viewpoint.
  • the hot water storage tank 50 is fully stored” refers to a state in which the hot water stored in the fuel cell 10 cannot absorb the heat generated. Specifically, the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 51 cannot receive heat from the cooling water that has recovered the heat generated in the fuel cell 10 in the heat exchanger 40.
  • the hot water storage tank 50 is said to be fully charged when the temperature of the hot water detected by the temperature detector 61D provided in the lower part of the hot water storage tank 50 becomes a predetermined temperature or higher.
  • the predetermined temperature can be arbitrarily set.
  • the temperature of the lowermost layer of the hot water storage tank 50 (the temperature detected by the temperature detector 61D) or the hot water discharged from the lowermost layer of the hot water storage tank 50 is used.
  • the temperature may be 40 ° C. to 50 ° C.
  • the average temperature of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 50 is 60 ° C. to 70 ° C.
  • Step S503 When the heat storage amount Q1 calculated in step S502 is larger than the first threshold value (No in step S503), the control device 30 returns to step S501 and steps until the heat storage amount Q1 becomes equal to or greater than the first threshold value. Repeat steps S501 to S503. On the other hand, if the heat storage amount Q1 is equal to or greater than the first threshold (Yes in Step S503; 5 o'clock in FIG. 10), the control device 30 proceeds to Step S504.
  • step S504 the control device 30 starts the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 (activates the fuel cell 10).
  • the control device 30 acquires the temperatures t2A to t2D detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D from the temperature detectors 61A to 61D, and after a predetermined time has elapsed, the temperatures t3A to t3D detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D. to get (step S505).
  • the predetermined time can be arbitrarily set. For example, the predetermined time may be several seconds (2 to 3 seconds), several minutes (2 to 3 minutes), or 10 minutes. .
  • the control device 30 calculates the heat storage amount (heat amount) Q2 of the hot water storage tank 50 from the temperatures t2A to t2D, the temperatures t3A to t3D, and the volume of the hot water storage tank 50 acquired in step S505 (step S506). ).
  • the control device 30 determines whether or not the heat storage amount Q2 calculated in step S506 is greater than or equal to the second threshold value.
  • the second threshold value can be arbitrarily set.
  • the hot water storage tank 50 is preferably 70% or more of the heat storage amount in the fully stored state.
  • the hot water storage tank 50 may be 90% or less of the heat storage amount in the fully stored state. Further, the second threshold value may be 80% of the heat storage amount when the hot water storage tank 50 is in the fully stored state from the above viewpoint.
  • Step S506 When the heat storage amount Q2 calculated in step S506 is less than the second threshold value (No in step S507), the control device 30 returns to step S505 and continues until the heat storage amount Q2 becomes equal to or less than the second threshold value. Steps S505 to S507 are repeated. On the other hand, if the heat storage amount Q2 is equal to or less than the second threshold (Yes in Step S507; 19:00 in FIG. 10), the control device 30 proceeds to Step S508.
  • step S508 the control device 30 stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 and ends this program (second operation).
  • the control device calculates the first minimum value, which is the largest minimum value in the fluctuation of the power stored in the storage device, and stores the first minimum value.
  • the power generator is stored when the power detector detects power lower than the first minimum value during the second operation, and the power generator is stopped.
  • control device calculates, as the first minimum value, the largest minimum value in the power fluctuation stored in the storage device during the first operation immediately before switching to the second operation. It may be configured to.
  • the control device calculates the first maximum value that is the smallest maximum value in the fluctuation of the power stored in the storage device, and uses the first maximum value as the first maximum value. You may memorize
  • storage device as 2 electric power.
  • control device calculates the smallest maximum value in the fluctuation of the power stored in the storage device during the first operation immediately before switching to the second operation as the first maximum value. It may be configured to.
  • the switching determination operation between the first operation and the second operation by the control device 30 is performed by the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment or the power generation system 100 according to the first modification thereof. Although it is performed in the same manner as any one, the following points are different.
  • the control device 30 performs the control to stop the power generation system 100 after a predetermined time has elapsed after the power generation system 100 (fuel cell 10) is started as the second operation.
  • the control device 30 calculates the first minimum value which is the largest minimum value in the fluctuation of the power stored in the storage device 3, and the power detector during the second operation. The difference is that the fuel cell 10 is stopped when the first minimum value 20 is detected.
  • control device 30 may be configured to calculate, as the first minimum value, the largest minimum value in the power fluctuation stored in the storage device 3 during the first operation immediately before switching to the second operation. good.
  • the control device 30 calculates the first maximum value that is the smallest maximum value in the fluctuation of the power stored in the storage device 3, and the first maximum value is calculated. It differs from the power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 1 (including the power generation system 100 of Modification 1) in that the value is stored in the storage device 3 as the second power.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph schematically showing an example of fluctuations in the power stored in the storage device.
  • the control device 30 acquires a history group for a predetermined period (here, three days) of power detected by the power detector 20 stored in the storage device 3.
  • the control device 30 calculates a minimum value (see FIG. 11), and stores the minimum value indicating the largest value in the storage unit 3 as the first minimum value from the calculated minimum value group.
  • the control device 30 operates the power generation system 100 when the power detected by the power detector 20 is less than or equal to the first minimum value stored in the storage device 3 during execution of the second operation. the stops.
  • control device 30 calculates the second power as follows.
  • the control device 30 acquires a history group for a predetermined period (here, three days) of power detected by the power detector 20 stored in the storage device 3.
  • the control device 30 calculates a maximum value (see FIG. 11), sets the maximum value indicating the smallest value from the calculated maximum value group as the first maximum value, and sets the first maximum value to the second value. in the storage unit 3 as a power.
  • operation execution is electric power more than the 2nd electric power (1st maximum value) memorize
  • the operation of the power generation system 100 (fuel cell 10) is started.
  • the predetermined period can be arbitrarily set, and may be, for example, one week, ten days, or one month. Further, the predetermined period may be the day when the user's power usage pattern changes (that is, the operation day immediately before switching to the second operation).
  • control device 30 may calculate a local minimum value and / or a local maximum value after performing rounding processing on power fluctuation data every predetermined period (for example, 5 hours).
  • the rounding process may be performed using a general method such as root mean square.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing the second operation by the control device of the power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the control device 30 acquires the power E1 detected by the power detector 20 from the power detector 20 (step S601). Next, the control device 30 determines whether or not the power E1 acquired in step S601 is equal to or greater than the second power (first maximum value) (step S602).
  • step S601 When the electric power E1 acquired in step S601 is less than the second electric power (No in step S602), the control device 30 returns to step S601 and continues to step S601 and step until the electric power E1 becomes equal to or higher than the second electric power. S602 repeated. On the other hand, if the power E1 is equal to or higher than the second power (Yes in step S602), the control device 30 proceeds to step S603.
  • step S603 the control device 30 starts the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 (activates the fuel cell 10).
  • the control device 30 acquires the power E2 detected by the power detector 20 from the power detector 20 (step S604), and determines whether or not the power E2 acquired in step S604 is less than the first minimum value. it is determined (step S605).
  • step S604 When the power E2 acquired in step S604 is equal to or greater than the first minimum value (No in step S605), the control device 30 repeats steps S604 and S605 until the power E2 becomes less than the first minimum value. . On the other hand, when the electric power E2 is less than the first minimum value (Yes in step S605), the control device 30 proceeds to step S606.
  • step S606 the control device 30 stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 and ends this program (second operation).
  • the power generation system 100 according to the second embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the control device 30 generates the power of the fuel cell 10 based on either the power detected by the power detector 20 or the temperature (heat quantity) detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D.
  • operation was employ
  • the control device 30 determines the start and stop of the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 based on both parameters of the power detected by the power detector 20 and the temperature (heat quantity) detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D. the may be adopted.
  • the control device 30 is configured such that any one parameter of the power detected by the power detector 20 or the temperature (heat quantity) detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value or lower than the threshold value.
  • the power generation operation of the fuel cell 10 may be started or stopped.
  • the control device 30 allows the fuel cell when the parameters of both the power detected by the power detector 20 and the temperature (heat quantity) detected by the temperature detectors 61A to 61D are equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold. Ten power generation operations may be started or stopped.
  • the power generation system and the operation method of the power generation system of the present invention are useful in the field of fuel cells because the energy efficiency can be improved even if the user's power usage pattern changes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système générateur de puissance comprenant : un dispositif générateur de puissance (10) ; un détecteur de puissance (20) ; un accumulateur de chaleur (50) ; des détecteurs de quantité de chaleur (61A à 61D) ; et un dispositif de commande (30) comportant une mémoire (3), un prédicteur (5) et un planificateur du fonctionnement (4). Lors d'une première opération, une planification de fonctionnement du dispositif générateur de puissance (10) ayant été planifiée par le planificateur de fonctionnement (4) est exécutée. Lors d'une deuxième opération, le dispositif générateur de puissance (10) est activé dans au moins l'un des cas suivants : un cas dans lequel la puissance est supérieure ou égale à une deuxième puissance qui est supérieure à la puissance exigée pour activer le dispositif générateur de puissance (10) est détectée par le détecteur de puissance (20) ; et un cas dans lequel la quantité de chaleur de l'accumulateur de chaleur (50) est inférieure ou égale à une première valeur de seuil. Le dispositif de commande (30) est configuré de manière à faire passer l'opération de production de puissance suivante du dispositif générateur de puissance (10) de la première opération à la deuxième opération si, pendant la première opération, la valeur intégrée de la puissance détectée par le détecteur de puissance (20) est décalée par rapport à la valeur intégrée de la puissance prédite d'une première quantité de puissance ou plus.
PCT/JP2012/001030 2011-03-29 2012-02-16 Système générateur d'énergie et procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'un système générateur d'énergie WO2012132198A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005347096A (ja) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池装置システムおよび負荷予測装置
JP2006250471A (ja) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-21 Osaka Gas Co Ltd エネルギ供給システム
JP2007280650A (ja) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Ebara Ballard Corp 燃料電池システムの運転方法及び燃料電池システム
JP2010169328A (ja) * 2009-01-23 2010-08-05 Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd コージェネレーションシステムの運転制御支援方法、運転制御支援装置及び運転制御支援プログラム
JP2011027408A (ja) * 2004-06-15 2011-02-10 Osaka Gas Co Ltd コージェネレーションシステム

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005347096A (ja) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池装置システムおよび負荷予測装置
JP2011027408A (ja) * 2004-06-15 2011-02-10 Osaka Gas Co Ltd コージェネレーションシステム
JP2006250471A (ja) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-21 Osaka Gas Co Ltd エネルギ供給システム
JP2007280650A (ja) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-25 Ebara Ballard Corp 燃料電池システムの運転方法及び燃料電池システム
JP2010169328A (ja) * 2009-01-23 2010-08-05 Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd コージェネレーションシステムの運転制御支援方法、運転制御支援装置及び運転制御支援プログラム

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