WO2012132197A1 - 発電システム及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
発電システム及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132197A1 WO2012132197A1 PCT/JP2012/000998 JP2012000998W WO2012132197A1 WO 2012132197 A1 WO2012132197 A1 WO 2012132197A1 JP 2012000998 W JP2012000998 W JP 2012000998W WO 2012132197 A1 WO2012132197 A1 WO 2012132197A1
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- combustor
- combustion
- fuel cell
- power generation
- air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
- F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2233/00—Ventilators
- F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
- F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2241/00—Applications
- F23N2241/06—Space-heating and heating water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation system that supplies heat and electricity and a method for operating the power generation system, and more particularly to a structure of the power generation system.
- the cogeneration system is a system that covers the hot water supply load of the consumer by supplying the generated power to the consumer to cover the power load, and recovering and storing the exhaust heat generated by the power generation.
- a cogeneration system in which a fuel cell and a water heater operate with the same fuel is known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the power generation device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a fuel cell power generation device that is used by being installed inside a building having an air inlet, and air that guides air inside the building to the inside of the fuel cell power generation device It has an inlet, an air exhaust pipe that exhausts the air inside the fuel cell power generator to the outside of the building, and a ventilation means.
- the ventilation means guides the air outside the building to the inside of the building through the air inlet. The air is further introduced into the fuel cell power generator through the air inlet, and is further discharged outside the building through the air discharge pipe.
- a power generation device having a duct extending in the vertical direction for the purpose of improving the exhaust performance of exhaust gas generated by a fuel cell arranged in a building (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- a duct extending in the vertical direction inside the building and having an upper end located outside is a double pipe, and exhaust gas or air individually circulates inside or outside the duct.
- the ventilation pipe and the exhaust pipe are respectively connected to the duct.
- both the fuel cell unit and the hot water supply unit are operated from a state where both the fuel cell unit and the hot water supply unit are stopped, the ignition operation in the burner of the hot water supply unit and the hydrogen constituting the fuel cell unit If the timing at which the ignition operation in the burner of the generator is performed deviates, the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust passage varies. For this reason, in the burner of the unit in which the ignition operation is started at a later timing, the flow rates of the combustible gas and air supplied to the burner may vary, and the ignition operation in the burner may not be performed normally.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system capable of stably performing an ignition operation in a combustor and an operation method thereof.
- a power generation system includes a fuel cell that generates power using a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and the fuel gas that has a first combustor and is supplied to the fuel cell.
- a power generation system comprising: a hydrogen generation device that generates a fuel cell; a fuel cell unit that includes at least the fuel cell and a housing that houses the hydrogen generation device; and a control device.
- a combustion unit that is disposed outside the body and has a second combustor that burns combustible gas, and is provided so as to communicate the fuel cell unit and the combustion unit, and the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit and the combustion
- An exhaust passage configured to exhaust the exhaust gas discharged from the unit to the atmosphere, and the control device includes the first combustor and the second fuel burner.
- the “combustor operating state” means a state in which the combustor is performing a combustion operation, and a state in which the combustor is in a stopped state.
- ignition operation means a series of operations of ignition of combustion air and combustion fuel by supplying combustion air, operating an igniter such as an igniter, and supplying combustion fuel such as combustible gas.
- ignition operation period a series of operations of igniting combustion air and combustion fuel by supplying combustion air, operating an igniter such as an igniter, and supplying combustion fuel such as combustible gas is performed. This is the period of time.
- Ignition operation period refers to a period during which a predetermined number of repetitions of a series of operations are performed.
- the operation method of the power generation system includes a fuel cell that generates power using a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and a hydrogen generator that has a first combustor and generates the fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell. And a fuel cell unit having at least the fuel cell and a housing for housing the hydrogen generator, wherein the power generation system is disposed outside the housing, and combustible gas.
- the exhaust gas exhausted from the fuel cell unit and the exhaust gas exhausted from the combustion unit into the atmosphere A discharge passage configured to discharge, and igniting one of the first combustor and the second combustor. If that, the during ignition operation period of the one combustor, and maintains the operation state of the other combustor.
- the power generation system and the operation method of the power generation system of the present invention in the power generation system provided with the exhaust passage that communicates the fuel cell unit and the combustion unit, an instruction to change the operating state of the unit having the other combustor is given. Even if it is discharged, the ignition operation in one combustor can be stably performed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation operation of the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation operation of the power generation system according to the sixth embodiment.
- a power generation system includes a fuel cell that generates power using fuel gas and an oxidant gas, a hydrogen generator that has a first combustor and generates fuel gas to be supplied to the fuel cell, and A fuel cell unit including at least a fuel cell and a hydrogen generator, a control device, a combustion unit including a second combustor that is disposed outside the housing and burns combustible gas, and fuel An exhaust passage provided to communicate the battery unit and the combustion unit, and configured to exhaust the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit to the atmosphere; When the control device ignites one of the first combustor and the second combustor, the operation state of the other combustor is maintained during the ignition operation period of one combustor. Illustrate the embodiments that are configured urchin.
- the “combustor operating state” means a state in which the combustor is performing a combustion operation, and a state in which the combustor is in a stopped state.
- ignition operation means a series of operations of supplying combustion air, supplying combustion fuel such as combustible gas, and igniting combustible gas and combustion air by an igniter such as an igniter.
- ignition operation period a series of operations of igniting combustion air and combustion fuel by supplying combustion air, operating an igniter such as an igniter, and supplying combustion fuel such as combustible gas is performed. This is the period of time.
- Ignition operation period refers to a period during which a predetermined number of repetitions of a series of operations are performed.
- the control device when the control device ignites one combustor, the control device is discharged from the unit having the other combustor during the ignition operation period of one combustor. You may be comprised so that the flow volume of waste gas may be made constant.
- the control device when the control device ignites one of the combustors, the other of the fuel cell unit and the combustion unit during the ignition operation period of one of the combustors. You may be comprised so that the flow volume of the waste gas discharged
- the control device when the control device ignites one combustor, even if an ignition operation command for the other combustor is input, the ignition operation period of one combustor Inside, the other combustor may not be ignited.
- the control device when the control device performs the ignition operation of one combustor, when the ignition operation command of the other combustor is input, the control device causes the one combustor to perform the ignition operation. After that, the other combustor may be ignited.
- the control device when the control device ignites one of the combustors, when a command for changing the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the other combustor is input, After the first combustor is ignited, the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the other combustor may be changed.
- the control device when the control device ignites the first combustor, the combustion amount of the second combustor is not changed during the ignition operation period of the first combustor. It may be configured to control the combustion unit.
- the control device when the control device performs the ignition operation of the second combustor, the fuel generation amount of the fuel cell is not changed during the ignition operation period of the second combustor.
- You may be comprised so that a battery unit may be controlled.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power generation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the power generation system 100 As shown in FIG. 1, the power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is disposed inside a building 200.
- the power generation system 100 includes a fuel cell 11, a hydrogen generator 14 having a first combustor 14b, a fuel cell unit 101 having a housing 12, a control device 102, and a combustion unit 103 having a second combustor 17.
- the exhaust passage 70 is provided so as to communicate the housing 12 of the fuel cell unit 101 and the exhaust port 103A of the combustion unit 103.
- the controller 102 ignites one of the first combustor 14b and the second combustor 17, the unit having the other combustor during the ignition operation period of one combustor.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas is made constant.
- the power generation system 100 exemplifies a configuration arranged inside the building 200.
- the configuration is not limited to this, and the discharge flow path 70 is connected to the housing 12 of the fuel cell unit 101.
- the exhaust port 103 ⁇ / b> A of the combustion unit 103 a configuration arranged outside the building 200 may be adopted.
- control device 102 is also arranged in the housing 12.
- the control device 102 is disposed in the casing 12 of the fuel cell unit 101, but is not limited thereto.
- the control device 102 may be disposed in the combustion unit 103 or may be disposed separately from the housing 12 and the combustion unit 103.
- a hole 16 penetrating in the thickness direction of the wall is provided at an appropriate position of the wall constituting the housing 12, and the pipe constituting the discharge flow path 70 has a gap in the hole 16, It is inserted.
- the gap between the hole 16 and the discharge flow path 70 constitutes the air supply port 16. Thereby, air outside the power generation system 100 is supplied into the housing 12 through the air supply port 16.
- the hole through which the pipe constituting the discharge flow path 70 is inserted and the hole constituting the air supply port 16 are configured by one hole 16, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the housing 12 may be provided with a hole through which the pipe constituting the discharge flow path 70 is inserted and a hole constituting the air supply port 16 separately.
- the air supply port 16 may be configured by one hole in the housing 12 or may be configured by a plurality of holes.
- the hydrogen generator 14 includes a reformer 14a that generates fuel gas from a hydrocarbon gas that is a raw material gas and water vapor, and a first combustor 14b that is configured to heat the reformer 14a. Yes.
- the 1st combustor 14b is comprised with the burner, and has ignition devices, such as an igniter, and ignition detectors (all are not shown), such as a frame rod.
- a combustion fan (first air supplier) 14c is connected to the first combustor 14b via an air supply passage 79.
- the combustion fan 14c may have any configuration as long as it can supply combustion air to the first combustor 14b.
- you may be comprised with fans, such as a fan and a blower, for example.
- the first combustible gas supply unit 20 is connected to the first combustor 14 b via the first combustible gas supply flow path 81. Further, the downstream end of the off-fuel gas flow path 73 is connected to the first combustor 14b. Thereby, as will be described later, when the fuel cell unit 101 is started up, the combustible gas (for example, hydrocarbon gas) is supplied from the first combustible gas supply device 20 to the first combustor 14b. After the start of power generation, off-fuel gas flows through the off-fuel gas passage 73 and is supplied as combustion fuel.
- the combustible gas for example, hydrocarbon gas
- the first combustible gas supply unit 20 may have any configuration as long as it can supply the combustible gas to the first combustor 14b.
- the 1st combustible gas supply device 20 it may be comprised by the pump single-piece
- Examples of the combustible gas include natural gas and LP gas.
- a combustion fan (first air supply device) 14c is connected to the first combustor 14b via an air supply flow path 79.
- the combustion fan 14c may have any configuration as long as it can supply combustion air to the first combustor 14b.
- you may be comprised with fans, such as a fan and a blower, for example.
- the supplied off-fuel gas (or first combustible gas) and combustion air are combusted to generate combustion exhaust gas and generate heat.
- the combustion exhaust gas generated in the first combustor 14b is discharged to the combustion exhaust gas flow path 80 after heating the reformer 14a and the like.
- the combustion exhaust gas discharged to the combustion exhaust gas flow path 80 flows through the combustion exhaust gas flow path 80 and is discharged to the discharge flow path 70.
- the combustion exhaust gas discharged to the discharge flow path 70 flows through the discharge flow path 70 and is discharged outside the power generation system 100 (building 200).
- the reformer 14a is connected to a raw material gas supply device 21 and a water supply device (not shown), and the raw material gas and water are supplied to the reformer 14a, respectively.
- a source gas natural gas mainly composed of methane, LP gas mainly composed of propane, or the like can be used.
- the source gas supply unit 21 may have any configuration as long as the source gas can be supplied to the reformer 14a.
- the source gas supply device 21 for example, it may be composed of a single pump or a pump and a flow rate adjusting valve. Further, the water supplied from the water supply device to the reformer 14a is heated on the way to become steam.
- the reformer 14a has a reforming catalyst.
- the reforming catalyst any substance may be used as long as it can catalyze a steam reforming reaction that generates a hydrogen-containing gas from a raw material gas and steam, for example, a catalyst carrier such as alumina.
- a catalyst carrier such as alumina.
- a ruthenium catalyst in which ruthenium (Ru) is supported, a nickel catalyst in which nickel (Ni) is supported on the same catalyst carrier, or the like can be used.
- a catalyst capable of performing an autothermal reforming reaction may be used as the reforming catalyst of the reformer 14a.
- a hydrogen-containing gas is generated by a reforming reaction between the supplied raw material gas and water (steam).
- the generated hydrogen-containing gas flows as a fuel gas through the fuel gas supply channel 71 and is supplied to the fuel gas channel 11 ⁇ / b> A of the fuel cell 11.
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 14a is sent to the fuel cell 11 as a fuel gas.
- a shifter having a shift catalyst for example, a copper-zinc based catalyst
- an oxidation catalyst for example, , A ruthenium-based catalyst
- a carbon monoxide remover having a methanation catalyst for example, a ruthenium-based catalyst
- the first combustible gas supplier 20 is provided, and when the fuel cell unit 101 is started, the combustible gas is supplied from the first combustible gas supplier 20 to the first combustor 14b.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the source gas supply unit 21 also functions as the first combustible gas supply unit 20 may be employed.
- the raw material gas supplier 21 to the reformer 14a of the hydrogen generator 14, the fuel gas supply channel 71, the fuel gas channel 11A of the fuel cell 11, and the off-fuel gas channel.
- the combustible gas (in this case, the raw material gas) is supplied to the first combustor 14 b via the line 73.
- a bypass path that connects the fuel gas supply channel 71 and the off-fuel gas channel 73 is provided, and the source gas supply device 21 also serves as the function of the first combustible gas supply device 20.
- the raw gas supply device 21 passes through the reformer 14a of the hydrogen generator 14, the fuel gas supply flow channel 71, the bypass route, and the off-fuel gas flow channel 73.
- You may comprise so that combustible gas (here source gas) may be supplied to the 1 combustor 14b.
- the flow of the raw material gas from the fuel gas supply channel 71 to the bypass channel may be switched by providing a valve such as a three-way valve in each channel and opening and closing the valve.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 15 may have any configuration as long as the oxidant gas (air) can be supplied to the fuel cell 11 while adjusting its flow rate.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 15 may be composed of fans such as a fan and a blower, or may be composed of an oxygen cylinder and a flow rate regulator.
- the flow rate regulator may be composed of a single pump or a pump and a flow rate regulating valve.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 15 is connected to the fuel cell 11 (more precisely, the inlet of the oxidant gas channel 11B of the fuel cell 11) via the oxidant gas supply channel 72.
- the fuel cell 11 has an anode and a cathode (both not shown).
- the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas channel 11A is supplied to the anode while flowing through the fuel gas channel 11A.
- the oxidant gas supplied to the oxidant gas flow channel 11B is supplied to the cathode while flowing through the oxidant gas flow channel 11B.
- the fuel gas supplied to the anode and the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode react to generate electricity and heat.
- the generated electricity is supplied to an external power load (for example, home electrical equipment) by a power regulator (not shown).
- the generated heat is recovered by a heat medium flowing through a heat medium flow path (not shown).
- the heat recovered by the heat medium can be used, for example, to heat water. Further, the configuration may be such that only the electricity generated in the fuel cell 11 is used and the heat is discarded.
- the fuel cell 11 includes various fuels such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell, and an indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell.
- a battery can be used.
- the fuel cell 11 and the hydrogen generator 14 are separately configured.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the hydrogen generator 14 and the fuel are not limited to this.
- the battery 11 may be integrally formed.
- the fuel cell 11 and the hydrogen generator 14 are configured as one unit covered with a common heat insulating material, and the first combustor 14b can heat not only the reformer 14a but also the fuel cell 11. it can.
- the direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell since the anode of the fuel cell 11 has the function of the reformer 14a, the anode of the fuel cell 11 and the reformer 14a are integrally formed. May be. Furthermore, since the structure of the fuel cell 11 is the same as that of a general fuel cell, its detailed description is omitted.
- the upstream end of the off-fuel gas channel 73 is connected to the outlet of the fuel gas channel 11A.
- the downstream end of the off fuel gas flow path 73 is connected to the first combustor 14b.
- the upstream end of the off-oxidant gas channel 74 is connected to the outlet of the oxidant gas channel 11B.
- the downstream end of the off-oxidant gas channel 74 is connected to the discharge channel 70.
- off fuel gas the fuel gas that has not been used in the fuel cell 11
- the oxidant gas (hereinafter referred to as off-oxidant gas) that has not been used in the fuel cell 11 is discharged from the outlet of the oxidant gas flow path 11B to the discharge flow path 70 via the off-oxidant gas flow path 74.
- the off-oxidant gas discharged to the discharge flow path 70 flows through the discharge flow path 70 and is discharged outside the building 200.
- the off-oxidant gas is exemplified as the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit 101.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit 101 is not limited to these gases.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen generator 14 combustion exhaust gas, hydrogen-containing gas, etc.
- It may be a gas (mainly air) in the body 12.
- the combustion unit 103 includes a second combustor 17 and a combustion fan (second air supply device) 18.
- the second combustor 17 and the combustion fan 18 are connected via a combustion air supply passage 76.
- the combustion fan 18 may have any configuration as long as it can supply combustion air to the second combustor 17.
- you may be comprised with fans, such as a fan and a blower, for example.
- the 2nd combustor 17 is comprised with the burner, and has ignition devices, such as an igniter, and ignition detectors (all are not shown), such as a frame rod.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is connected to the second combustor 17 through the second combustible gas supply flow channel 82.
- the 2nd combustible gas supply device 22 may be comprised by the pump single-piece
- the second combustible gas (combustion fuel) include natural gas and LP gas.
- the combustion air supplied from the combustion fan 18 and the combustion fuel supplied from the second combustible gas supply device 22 are combusted to generate heat and generate combustion exhaust gas. Is done.
- the generated heat can be used to heat water. That is, the combustion unit 103 may be used as a boiler.
- the upstream end of the exhaust gas passage 77 is connected to the second combustor 17, and the downstream end of the exhaust gas passage 77 is connected to the exhaust passage 70.
- the combustion exhaust gas generated by the second combustor 17 is discharged to the discharge passage 70 via the exhaust gas passage 77. That is, the combustion exhaust gas generated by the second combustor 17 is discharged to the discharge passage 70 as the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103.
- the combustion exhaust gas discharged to the discharge flow path 70 flows through the discharge flow path 70 and is discharged outside the building 200.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103 is not limited to combustion exhaust gas.
- the combustion air discharged to the discharge flow path 70 can also be exemplified as the exhaust gas.
- the combustion fuel discharged to the discharge flow path 70 can be exemplified as the exhaust gas.
- a hole 19 penetrating in the thickness direction of the wall is provided at an appropriate position of the wall constituting the combustion unit 103.
- a pipe constituting the discharge channel 70 is inserted so as to have a gap.
- the gap between the hole 19 and the discharge channel 70 constitutes the air supply port 19.
- the discharge flow path 70 is branched, and the two upstream ends are connected to the holes 16 and 19 respectively. Further, the discharge channel 70 is formed so as to extend to the outside of the building 200, and its downstream end (opening) is open to the atmosphere. As described above, the discharge flow path 70 communicates the housing 12 and the exhaust port 103 ⁇ / b> A of the combustion unit 103.
- the hole through which the pipe constituting the discharge flow path 70 is inserted and the hole constituting the air supply port 19 are configured by one hole 19, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the combustion unit 103 may be provided with a hole through which the pipe constituting the discharge flow path 70 is inserted (connected) and a hole constituting the air supply port 19 separately.
- the air supply port 19 may be constituted by one hole in the combustion unit 103 or may be constituted by a plurality of holes.
- the control device 102 may be in any form as long as it is a device that controls each device constituting the power generation system 100.
- the control device 102 includes an arithmetic processing unit exemplified by a microprocessor, a CPU, and the like, and a storage unit configured by a memory that stores a program for executing each control operation. Then, in the control device 102, the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes the predetermined control program, thereby processing the information, and the power generation system 100 including these controls. Perform various controls.
- control apparatus 102 may be configured not only with a single control apparatus but also with a control apparatus group in which a plurality of control apparatuses cooperate to execute control of the power generation system 100. Absent.
- the control device 102 may be configured by a microcomputer, and may be configured by an MPU, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a logic circuit, or the like.
- the controller 102 ignites one of the combustors, if an ignition operation command for the other combustor is input to the controller 102, the controller 102 ignites one of the combustors, The other combustor is ignited.
- “after the ignition operation of the combustor” means after the ignition in the combustor is confirmed.
- the confirmation of ignition can be performed with a frame rod or the like, for example.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment. It is a flowchart to show.
- step S101 an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102
- step S102 an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input
- a user of the power generation system 100 operates a remote controller not shown in FIG. Examples include a case in which the operation start of the battery unit 101 and the combustion unit 103 is instructed or a case in which a preset operation start time of the power generation system 100 is reached.
- the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation start of the combustion unit 103 (step S103). And the control apparatus 102 outputs the operation start command of the fuel cell unit 101 to each apparatus which comprises the fuel cell unit 101 (step S104).
- the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 is started. Specifically, first, the combustion fan 14c is operated, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. Next, an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the first combustor 14b is operated. Then, the first combustible gas supply device 20 is operated, and the combustible gas (combustion fuel) flows through the first combustible gas supply passage 81 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. When the combustible gas is supplied to the first combustor 14b, the first combustor 14b ignites the combustible gas and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- Step S105 When the ignition detection in the first combustor 14b is input by the ignition detector (not shown) of the first combustor 14b (Yes in Step S105), the control device 102 cancels the operation start temporary suspension of the combustion unit 103. (Step S106). Next, the control device 102 outputs an operation start command for the combustion unit 103 to each device constituting the combustion unit 103 (step S107).
- the combustion fan 18 is operated, and the combustion air flows through the combustion air supply passage 76 and is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the second combustor 17 is operated.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is operated, and the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17, the second combustor 17 ignites the combustion fuel and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- the fuel cell unit 101 After the first combustor 14b is ignited, fuel gas is generated in the hydrogen generator 14 and supplied to the fuel gas channel 11A. Since it is the same as the power generation operation of the fuel cell, its detailed description is omitted. Further, in the combustion unit 103, when combustion is started in the second combustor 17, combustion exhaust gas is generated, and the generated combustion exhaust gas is discharged to the discharge passage 70, and the building 200 (power generation system 100). Discharged outside.
- the combustion unit 103 the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged to the discharge flow path 70 can be constant (in this case, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is 0). For this reason, the ignition operation of the 1st combustor 14b can be performed stably.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the operation operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment. It is a flowchart to show.
- step S201 an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102
- step S202 an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input
- the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation start of the fuel cell unit 101 (step S203). And the control apparatus 102 outputs the operation start command of the combustion unit 103 to each apparatus which comprises the combustion unit 103 (step S204).
- the combustion fan 18 is operated, and the combustion air flows through the combustion air supply passage 76 and is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the second combustor 17 is operated.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is operated, and the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17, the second combustor 17 ignites the combustion fuel and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- step S205 When the ignition detection in the second combustor 17 is input by an ignition detector (not shown) of the second combustor 17 (Yes in step S205), the control device 102 cancels the temporary stop of the operation of the fuel cell unit 101. (Step S206). Next, the control device 102 outputs an operation start command for the fuel cell unit 101 to each device constituting the fuel cell unit 101 (step S207).
- the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 is started. Specifically, first, the combustion fan 14c is operated, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. Next, an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the first combustor 14b is operated. Then, the first combustible gas supply device 20 is operated, and the combustible gas (combustion fuel) flows through the first combustible gas supply passage 81 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. When the combustible gas is supplied to the first combustor 14b, the first combustor 14b ignites the combustible gas and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- the fuel cell unit 101 After the first combustor 14b is ignited, fuel gas is generated in the hydrogen generator 14 and supplied to the fuel gas channel 11A. Since it is the same as the power generation operation of the fuel cell, its detailed description is omitted. Further, in the combustion unit 103, when combustion is started in the second combustor 17, combustion exhaust gas is generated, and the generated combustion exhaust gas is discharged to the discharge passage 70, and the building 200 (power generation system 100). Discharged outside.
- the second combustor 17 performs the ignition operation, by temporarily stopping the start of the ignition operation of the first combustor 14b, the stopped state of the first combustor 14b is maintained, and the fuel cell unit 101
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged to the discharge flow path 70 can be constant (in this case, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is 0). For this reason, the ignition operation of the second combustor 17 can be performed stably.
- both the first combustor 14b and the second combustor 17 are stopped, and the operation command for the other combustor is input to the control device 102 during the ignition operation period of the one combustor.
- the control device 102 controls the other combustor in the same manner as described above. That is, the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation start of the other combustor until the ignition of one combustor is confirmed, and when the ignition of one combustor is confirmed, the ignition operation of the other combustor is performed. To start.
- the control device 102 When either one of the first combustor 14b and the second combustor 17 is operating, and a command to operate the other combustor is input to the control device 102, the control device 102 is When one of the combustors is ignited, the operation state of the other combustor is maintained during the ignition operation period of one combustor. Specifically, when the controller 102 ignites one combustor, even if a command for changing the operation amount of the other combustor is input to the controller 102, the ignition operation period of one combustor The inside is configured not to change the operation amount of the other combustor.
- the controller 102 ignites one of the combustors, when a command for changing the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the other combustor is input, the controller 102 ignites one of the combustors. After that, the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the other combustor is changed.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the first embodiment. which is a flow chart showing.
- step S301 an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102
- step S302 an operation amount variation command for the combustion unit 103 is input.
- step S301 and step S302 may be switched.
- the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation amount variation of the combustion unit 103 (step S303). And the control apparatus 102 outputs the operation start command of the fuel cell unit 101 to each apparatus which comprises the fuel cell unit 101 (step S304).
- the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 is started. Specifically, first, the combustion fan 14c is operated, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. Next, an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the first combustor 14b is operated. And the 1st combustible gas supply device 20 act
- the control device 102 cancels the suspension of the operation amount fluctuation of the combustion unit 103. (Step S306). Next, the control device 102 outputs an operation amount variation command for the combustion unit 103 to each device constituting the combustion unit 103 (step S307).
- the combustion amount of the second combustor 17 is varied. More specifically, the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 and the second combustible gas supply device 22 is changed to change the combustion amount in the second combustor 17. As a result, the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the second combustor 17 varies.
- the operation state of the second combustor 17 is maintained by temporarily suspending the variation in the combustion amount of the second combustor 17, and the combustion unit 103
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged to the discharge flow path 70 is constant (in this case, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is a predetermined flow rate (specifically, the flow rate before the command for changing the operation amount of the combustion unit 103 is input)).
- the ignition operation of the 1st combustor 14b can be performed stably.
- fuel gas is generated by the hydrogen generator 14 and supplied to the fuel gas passage 11A. Since this is the same as the power generation operation of a general fuel cell, its detailed description is omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation operation of the power generation system according to FIG.
- step S401 an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102 (step S401), and an operation amount variation (power generation amount variation of the fuel cell 11) command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input (Ste S402).
- step S401 an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102
- step S402 an operation amount variation (power generation amount variation of the fuel cell 11) command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input.
- the order of step S401 and step S402 may be switched.
- the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation amount fluctuation of the fuel cell unit 101 (step S403). And the control apparatus 102 outputs the operation start command of the combustion unit 103 to each apparatus which comprises the combustion unit 103 (step S404).
- the combustion fan 18 is operated, and the combustion air flows through the combustion air supply passage 76 and is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the second combustor 17 is operated.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is operated, and the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17, the second combustor 17 ignites the combustion fuel and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- step S405 When the ignition detection in the second combustor 17 is input by an ignition detector (not shown) of the second combustor 17 (Yes in step S405), the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation amount variation of the fuel cell unit 101. Release (step S406). Next, the control device 102 outputs an operation amount variation command for the fuel cell unit 101 to each device constituting the fuel cell unit 101 (step S407).
- the power generation amount of the fuel cell 11 is varied. More specifically, the flow rate of the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 14 and the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied from the oxidant gas supply unit 15 to the fuel cell 11 are varied. In order to change the flow rate of the fuel gas generated by the hydrogen generator 14, the operation amounts of the raw material gas supply device 21, the water supply device (not shown), and the combustion fan 14c are changed.
- the operating state of the fuel cell unit 101 is maintained by temporarily suspending fluctuations in the operation amount of the fuel cell unit 101 (the power generation amount of the fuel cell 11).
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit 101 to the discharge flow path 70 is constant (in this case, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is a predetermined flow rate (specifically, a command for changing the operation amount of the fuel cell unit 101). The flow rate before being input)). For this reason, the ignition operation of the second combustor 17 can be performed stably.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the unit having the other combustor is made constant during the ignition operation period of one combustor. Therefore, even if an instruction to change the operating state of the unit having the other combustor is issued, the ignition operation in one combustor can be stably performed.
- the power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention includes a ventilator configured such that the fuel cell unit ventilates the inside of the casing by discharging the gas in the casing to the discharge channel, and the control device Fig. 6 illustrates an example in which when the second combustor is ignited, the operation amount of the ventilator is not changed during the ignition operation period of the second combustor.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power generation system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the power generation system 100 according to Embodiment 1, but the configuration of the fuel cell unit 101 is different. Specifically, a ventilation fan (ventilator) 13 is provided in the housing 12.
- the ventilation fan 13 is connected to the discharge channel 70 through the ventilation channel 75.
- the ventilation fan 13 may have any configuration as long as the inside of the housing 12 can be ventilated.
- air outside the power generation system 100 is supplied into the housing 12 from the air supply port 16, and the ventilation fan 13 is operated, whereby the gas (mainly air) in the housing 12 is changed into the ventilation flow path 75 and It is discharged out of the building 200 through the discharge channel 70 and the inside of the housing 12 is ventilated.
- a fan is used as a ventilator.
- the ventilation fan 13 is configured to be disposed in the housing 12, but is not limited thereto.
- the ventilation fan 13 may be configured to be disposed in the discharge channel 70. In this case, the ventilation fan 13 is preferably provided on the upstream side of the branch portion of the discharge flow path 70.
- the control device 102 When the second combustor 17 is ignited, the control device 102 is configured to make the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit 101 constant during the ignition operation period of the second combustor 17. Specifically, when the second combustor 17 is ignited, the control device 102 is configured not to change the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13 during the ignition operation period of the second combustor 17.
- the control of the ventilation fan 13 and the second combustor 17 by the control device 102 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the power generation system according to the second embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of driving
- step S501 an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102
- step S502 an operation command for the ventilation fan 13 is input
- the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation start of the ventilation fan 13 (step S503). And the control apparatus 102 outputs the operation start command of the combustion unit 103 to each apparatus which comprises the combustion unit 103 (step S504).
- the combustion fan 18 is operated, and the combustion air flows through the combustion air supply passage 76 and is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the second combustor 17 is operated.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is operated, and the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17, the second combustor 17 ignites the combustion fuel and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- step S505 When the ignition detection in the second combustor 17 is input by an ignition detector (not shown) of the second combustor 17 (Yes in step S505), the control device 102 releases the operation start temporary suspension of the ventilation fan 13. (Step S506). Next, the control device 102 outputs an operation start command to the ventilation fan 13 (step S507).
- the ventilation fan 13 is operated, and the gas (mainly air) in the housing 12 is discharged to the discharge flow path 70 through the ventilation flow path 75 and discharged outside the building 200 (power generation system 100). Is done.
- the second combustor 17 performs the ignition operation, the start of the operation of the ventilation fan 13 is temporarily stopped, so that the stop state of the ventilation fan 13 is maintained, and the fuel cell unit 101 enters the discharge passage 70.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas to be discharged can be constant (in this case, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is 0). For this reason, the ignition operation of the second combustor 17 can be performed stably.
- control is also performed when both the ventilation fan 13 and the second combustor 17 are stopped and an operation command for the ventilation fan 13 is input to the control device 102 during the ignition operation period of the second combustor 17.
- the device 102 temporarily stops the operation of the ventilation fan 13 until the ignition of the second combustor 17 is confirmed, and when the ignition of the second combustor 17 is confirmed, the device 102 to start the operation.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the power generation system according to the second embodiment.
- step S601 an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102 (step S601) and an operation amount variation command for the ventilation fan 13 is input (step S602).
- step S602 the order of step S601 and step S602 may be switched.
- the control device 102 temporarily stops the operation amount variation of the ventilation fan 13 (step S603). And the control apparatus 102 outputs the operation start command of the combustion unit 103 to each apparatus which comprises the combustion unit 103 (step S604).
- the combustion fan 18 is operated, and the combustion air flows through the combustion air supply passage 76 and is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- an igniter (not shown in FIG. 1) of the second combustor 17 is operated.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is operated, and the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17, the second combustor 17 ignites the combustion fuel and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- step S605 When the ignition detection in the second combustor 17 is input by the ignition detector (not shown) of the second combustor 17 (Yes in step S605), the control device 102 cancels the suspension of the operation amount variation of the ventilation fan 13 (step S606). Next, the control device 102 outputs an operation amount variation command to the ventilation fan 13 (step S607).
- the operating state of the ventilation fan 13 is maintained by temporarily suspending the fluctuation of the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13, and the exhaust flow path 70 from the ventilation fan 13 is maintained.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust gas is made constant (in this case, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is a predetermined flow rate (specifically, the flow rate before the command for changing the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13 is input)). Can do. For this reason, the ignition operation of the second combustor 17 can be performed stably.
- the power generation system 100 according to the second embodiment configured as described above has the same effects as the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the control device 102 controls the ventilation fan 13 and the combustion unit 103 with respect to the case where the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13 varies regardless of the operation amount.
- the control is not limited to this.
- the control device 102 operates the power generation system 100 according to the first embodiment. it may be carried out in the same manner as. Specifically, the control device 102 only needs to be configured to control the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13 when the operation amount of the fuel cell unit 101 is controlled.
- a power generation system includes a ventilator configured such that the fuel cell unit ventilates the inside of the fuel cell unit by discharging the gas in the fuel cell unit to the discharge channel;
- An oxidant gas supply device for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode of the fuel cell, a first air supply device for supplying air to the first combustor, and a first combustible gas supply device for supplying combustible gas to the first combustor
- the exhaust passage is configured to exhaust the gas in the housing, the off-oxidant gas exhausted from the cathode, and the off-combustion gas exhausted from the first combustor to the atmosphere.
- the control device supplies the ventilator, the oxidant gas supplier, the first air supplier, and the first combustible gas supply. Varying the amount of operation of the vessel, from the fuel cell unit Illustrate the embodiment is configured to the flow rate of the exhaust gas out constant.
- the control device increases the power generation amount of the fuel cell unit during the ignition operation period of the second combustor
- the oxidant gas supply device and the first air supply device are used.
- the operation amount of the first combustible gas supply device is increased, the operation amount of the ventilator is decreased, and the power generation amount of the fuel cell unit is reduced during the ignition operation period of the second combustor, the oxidant
- the operation amount of the gas supply device, the first air supply device, and the first combustible gas supply device may be decreased, and the operation amount of the ventilator may be increased.
- FIG. 9 shows the operation of the power generation system according to the third embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of operation
- step S701 when the operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102 during the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 (step S701), the control device 102 instructs the operation start of the combustion unit 103. Is output to each device constituting the combustion unit 103 (step S702).
- the combustion fan 18 is operated, and the combustion air flows through the combustion air supply passage 76 and is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- an igniter (not shown in FIG. 6) of the second combustor 17 is operated.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is operated, the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17, and the ignition operation of the second combustor 17 is performed.
- step S703 a command for increasing the power generation amount of the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102 during the ignition operation period of the second combustor 17 (step S703).
- the control device 102 increases the operation amount of the first combustible gas supply device 20 (or the raw material gas supply device 21), the oxidant gas supply device 15, and the combustion fan 14c, and the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13. Is output (step S704).
- control device 102 controls the first combustible gas supply device 20 (or the raw material gas supply device 21), the oxidant so that the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit 101 becomes constant.
- the increase amount of the operation amount of the gas supply unit 15 and the combustion fan 14c and the decrease amount of the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13 are controlled.
- step S705 When the ignition detection in the second combustor 17 is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIG. 6) of the second combustor 17 (Yes in step S705), the control device 102 operates. Is output to the ventilation fan 13 (step S706). Thereby, ventilation in the housing
- FIG. 10 shows the operation of the power generation system according to the third embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of operation
- step S801 when an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102 during operation of the fuel cell unit 101 (step S801), the control device 102 instructs the operation start of the combustion unit 103 to operate. Is output to each device constituting the combustion unit 103 (step S802).
- the combustion fan 18 is operated, and the combustion air flows through the combustion air supply passage 76 and is supplied to the second combustor 17.
- an igniter (not shown in FIG. 6) of the second combustor 17 is operated.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 is operated, the combustion fuel is supplied to the second combustor 17, and the ignition operation of the second combustor 17 is performed.
- step S803 a command for reducing the power generation amount of the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102 during the ignition operation period of the second combustor 17 (step S803).
- the control apparatus 102 increases the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13 and the instruction
- control device 102 controls the first combustible gas supply device 20 (or the raw material gas supply device 21), the oxidant gas supply device 15, so that the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell unit 101 becomes constant. And a decrease amount of the operation amount of the combustion fan 14c and an increase amount of the operation amount of the ventilation fan 13 are controlled.
- step S805 When the ignition detection in the second combustor 17 is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIG. 6) of the second combustor 17 (Yes in step S805), the control device 102 operates. Is output to the ventilation fan 13 (step S806). Thereby, unnecessary power consumption can be suppressed.
- the fuel cell unit 101 when the power generation amount of the fuel cell unit 101 is changed during the ignition operation period of the second combustor 17, the fuel cell unit 101 is discharged. By making the flow rate of the exhaust gas constant, the ignition operation of the second combustor 17 can be performed stably.
- the combustion unit has a second combustible gas supply device that supplies combustible gas to the second combustor, and a second air supply that supplies air to the second combustor.
- the controller increases the combustion amount of the combustion unit during the ignition operation period of the first combustor, the operation amount of the second combustible gas supply device is increased, and the second
- the operation amount of the air supply device is decreased and the combustion amount of the combustion unit is decreased during the ignition operation period of the first combustor, the operation amount of the second combustible gas supply device is decreased and the second air
- the mode which increases the operation amount of a feeder is illustrated.
- the range in which the operation amount of the second combustible gas supply device is increased and the range in which the operation amount of the second air supply device is decreased are within a range in which misfiring or carbon monoxide is not generated in the second combustor of the combustion unit. Is called. Further, the range in which the operation amount of the second combustible gas supply device is decreased and the range in which the operation amount of the second air supply device is increased are those in which misfiring or carbon monoxide is not generated in the second combustor of the combustion unit. Done.
- FIG. 11 shows the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example of driving
- step S ⁇ b> 11 when an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102 during the operation of the combustion unit 103 (step S ⁇ b> 11), the control device 102 starts the operation of the fuel cell unit 101.
- the command is output to each device constituting the fuel cell unit 101 (step S12).
- the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 is started. Specifically, first, the combustion fan 14c is operated, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. Subsequently, the igniter (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b is operated. And the 1st combustible gas supply device 20 act
- step S13 a command for increasing the combustion amount of the combustion unit 103 (second combustor 17) is input to the control device 102 during the ignition operation period of the first combustor 14b (step S13). Then, the control apparatus 102 outputs the command which increases the operation amount of the 2nd combustible gas supply device 22, and the command which decreases the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 (step S14).
- the control device 102 increases the amount of operation of the second combustible gas supplier 22 and decreases the amount of operation of the combustion fan 18 so that the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103 is constant. and, to control.
- the controller 102 determines that the range in which the operation amount of the second combustible gas supplier 22 is increased and the range in which the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 is decreased are ranges in which misfiring or carbon monoxide is not generated in the second combustor 17.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 and the combustion fan 18 are controlled so that the air / fuel ratio is within a range in which combustion in the second combustor 17 can be continued.
- step S15 when the ignition detection in the first combustor 14b is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b, the control device 102 (Yes in step S15). ), A command to increase the operation amount is output to the combustion fan 18 (step S16). Thereby, combustion in the 2nd combustor 17 can be performed more stably.
- each process such as generation of fuel gas by the hydrogen generator 14 and supply to the fuel gas passage 11A is performed. Since this is the same as the power generation operation of a fuel cell, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- control device 102 increases the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 in step S16, but is not limited thereto.
- the control apparatus 102 may reduce the operation amount of the 2nd combustible gas supply device 22 by step S16.
- FIG. 12 shows the operation of the power generation system according to the fourth embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows an example.
- step S21 when an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102 during the operation of the combustion unit 103 (step S21), the control device 102 starts the operation of the fuel cell unit 101.
- the command is output to each device constituting the fuel cell unit 101 (step S22).
- the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 is started. Specifically, first, the combustion fan 14c is operated, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. Subsequently, the igniter (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b is operated. And the 1st combustible gas supply device 20 act
- step S23 a command for reducing the combustion amount of the combustion unit 103 (second combustor 17) is input to the control device 102 during the ignition operation period of the first combustor 14b (step S23). Then, the control apparatus 102 outputs the instruction
- the control device 102 decreases the amount of operation of the second combustible gas supplier 22 and increases the amount of operation of the combustion fan 18 so that the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103 is constant. and, to control.
- the controller 102 determines that the range in which the operation amount of the second combustible gas supplier 22 is decreased and the range in which the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 is increased are ranges in which misfiring or carbon monoxide is not generated in the second combustor 17.
- the second combustible gas supply device 22 and the combustion fan 18 are controlled so that the air / fuel ratio is within a range in which combustion in the second combustor 17 can be continued.
- step S25 when the ignition detection in the first combustor 14b is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b, the control device 102 (Yes in step S25). ), A command for increasing the operation amount is output to the second combustible gas supplier 22 (step S26). Thereby, combustion in the 2nd combustor 17 can be performed more stably.
- each process such as generation of fuel gas by the hydrogen generator 14 and supply to the fuel gas passage 11A is performed. Since this is the same as the power generation operation of a fuel cell, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- control device 102 increases the operation amount of the second combustible gas supply device 22 in step S26, but is not limited thereto.
- the controller 102 may decrease the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 in step S26.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103 is changed.
- the ignition operation of the first combustor 14b can be performed stably.
- the fuel cell unit includes a first combustible gas supplier that supplies a combustible gas to the first combustor, and a first air that supplies air to the first combustor.
- the combustion unit has a second combustible gas supplier for supplying a combustible gas to the second combustor and a second air supplier for supplying air to the second combustor.
- the control device stores in advance a first threshold value that is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 2, and the air-fuel ratio of the other combustor is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, and one of the combustors is ignited.
- the operation amount of the combustible gas supply device for supplying the combustible gas to the other combustor is increased and the other combustion is performed.
- the amount of operation of the air supply unit that supplies air to the combustor is reduced and discharged from the other combustor Illustrate the embodiment is configured to the flow rate of the gas constant.
- the air-fuel ratio is a ratio between air and combustible gas determined based on the combustion reaction, and the ratio at which the combustible gas completely burns with oxygen in the air is expressed as 1. .
- an air-fuel ratio of 1.5 means that an amount of air that is 1.5 times the amount of air required when the combustible gas completely burns is supplied.
- the first threshold value is set to be larger by a predetermined amount than the lower limit value of the air-fuel ratio.
- the fuel cell unit includes a first combustible gas supplier that supplies combustible gas to the first combustor, and first air that supplies air to the first combustor. And a combustion unit having a second combustible gas supplier for supplying combustible gas to the second combustor and a second air supplier for supplying air to the second combustor.
- the control device stores in advance a first threshold value that is an air-fuel ratio greater than 1 and less than or equal to 2, and the air-fuel ratio of the other combustor is less than the first threshold value, and one combustor is ignited.
- a command to increase the operation amount of the other combustor is input, the combustion amount of the other combustor is increased after the one combustor is ignited. Good.
- Embodiment 5 an example of the power generation system according to Embodiment 5 will be specifically described.
- the structure of the electric power generation system which concerns on this Embodiment 5 is the same as the structure of the electric power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, the detailed description is abbreviate
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation operation of the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment.
- step S31 an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102 (step S31), and the combustion amount of the combustion unit 103 (the combustion of the second combustor 17). (Amount) increase command is input (step S32).
- the control device 102 checks whether or not the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is equal to or higher than the first threshold (step S33). When the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is greater than or equal to the first threshold (Yes in Step S33), the control device 102 proceeds to Step S34, and when it is less than the first threshold (No in Step S33). , the process proceeds to step S38.
- step S34 the control device 102 outputs an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101.
- the combustion fan 14c operates, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b.
- the igniter (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b is operated.
- the 1st combustible gas supply device 20 act operates, combustible gas (combustion fuel) is supplied to the 1st combustor 14b, and the ignition operation of the 1st combustor 14b is performed.
- the control device 102 outputs a command for increasing the operation amount of the second combustible gas supplier 22 and a command for decreasing the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 (step S35).
- the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is equal to or higher than the first threshold value, the air is sufficiently supplied to the second combustor 17, so that the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 can be reduced. It is.
- the control device 102 increases the operation amount of the second combustible gas supply device 22 so that the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is 1 or more, preferably, the first threshold value or more, and The operation amount of the combustion fan 18 is reduced. Thereby, the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103 can be made constant.
- Step S36 When the ignition detection in the first combustor 14b is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b (Yes in Step S36), the control device 102. A command for increasing the operation amount is output to the combustion fan 18 (step S37). Thereby, combustion in the 2nd combustor 17 can be performed more stably.
- step S38 the control device 102 temporarily stops the increase in the combustion amount of the combustion unit 103.
- the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is less than the first threshold, the amount of air remaining in the second combustor 17 that is not used for combustion is small, and the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 can be easily reduced. it is because it is not.
- control device 102 outputs an operation start command for the fuel cell unit 101 to each device constituting the fuel cell unit 101 (step S39).
- the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 is started. Specifically, first, the combustion fan 14c is operated, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b. Subsequently, the igniter (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b is operated. And the 1st combustible gas supply device 20 act
- Step S40 When the ignition detection in the first combustor 14b is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b (Yes in Step S40), the control device 102 performs combustion. The combustion amount increase temporary stop of the unit 103 is canceled (step S41). Next, the control device 102 outputs a combustion amount increase command of the combustion unit 103 to each device constituting the combustion unit 103 (step S42).
- the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is less than the first threshold value, the fluctuation of the combustion amount of the second combustor 17 is temporarily stopped when performing the ignition operation in the first combustor 14b.
- the operating state of the second combustor 17 is maintained, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103 to the discharge flow path 70 can be made constant. For this reason, the ignition operation of the 1st combustor 14b can be performed stably.
- the operation similar to the above is also performed when an operation command for the combustion unit 103 is input to the control device 102 and an increase command for the power generation amount of the fuel cell unit 101 (combustion amount of the first combustor 14b) is input. .
- the ignition operation of the first combustor 14b or the second combustor 17 can be stably performed.
- the fuel cell unit includes a first combustible gas supplier that supplies combustible gas to the first combustor, and first air that supplies air to the first combustor.
- the combustion unit has a second combustible gas supplier for supplying a combustible gas to the second combustor and a second air supplier for supplying air to the second combustor.
- the control device stores in advance a second threshold value that is an air-fuel ratio within a range in which the combustion of the other combustor can be continued and is an air-fuel ratio greater than 2, and the air-fuel ratio of the other combustor is the second air-fuel ratio.
- the operation of the combustible gas supply device for supplying the combustible gas to the other combustor When a command to reduce the amount of combustion of the other combustor is input when the one combustor is ignited, the operation of the combustible gas supply device for supplying the combustible gas to the other combustor. Reduce the amount and increase the operating amount of the air supply that supplies air to the other combustor Te, it is greater than 1 air-fuel ratio of the other combustors, and is intended to illustrate aspects be controlled to be less than the second threshold value.
- the fuel cell unit includes a first combustible gas supplier that supplies combustible gas to the first combustor, and first air that supplies air to the first combustor.
- the combustion unit has a second combustible gas supplier for supplying a combustible gas to the second combustor and a second air supplier for supplying air to the second combustor.
- the control device stores in advance a second threshold value that is an air-fuel ratio within a range in which the combustion of the other combustor can be continued and is an air-fuel ratio greater than 2, and the air-fuel ratio of the other combustor is the second air-fuel ratio.
- the command to reduce the operation amount of the other combustor is input when the combustor of one combustor is ignited when larger than the threshold value, after the combustor of one combustor is ignited, It may be configured to reduce the amount of combustion.
- the second threshold value may be greater than 2 and 3 or less. Further, the second threshold value is set to be a predetermined amount smaller than the upper limit value of the air-fuel ratio.
- the configuration of the power generation system according to the sixth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the power generation system according to the first or second embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation operation of the power generation system according to the sixth embodiment.
- step S51 an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101 is input to the control device 102 (step S51), and the combustion amount of the combustion unit 103 (the combustion of the second combustor 17).
- step S52 a command to decrease the amount is input.
- the control device 102 confirms whether or not the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is greater than the second threshold value (step S53).
- the control device 102 proceeds to Step S54, and when larger than the second threshold (Yes in Step S53), the process proceeds to step S58.
- step S54 the control device 102 outputs an operation command for the fuel cell unit 101.
- the combustion fan 14c operates, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b.
- the igniter (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b is operated.
- the raw material gas supply device 21 is operated, the raw material gas (combustion fuel) is supplied to the first combustor 14b, and the ignition operation of the first combustor 14b is performed.
- the control device 102 outputs a command for decreasing the operation amount of the second combustible gas supplier 22 and a command for increasing the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 (step S55).
- the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is less than or equal to the second threshold value
- the operation amount of the second combustible gas supplier 22 is reduced within a range in which combustion in the second combustor 17 can be continued, and This is because the amount of operation of the combustion fan 18 can be increased.
- the control device 102 determines that the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is greater than 2 and is in the range of 3 or less (the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel ratio of the second combustor 17 is greater than 1.
- the operation amount of the second combustible gas supplier 22 is decreased and the operation amount of the combustion fan 18 is increased so that the operation amount of the second combustible gas supply device 22 is greatly decreased. Thereby, the flow rate of the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 103 can be made constant.
- step S56 When the ignition detection in the first combustor 14b is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b (Yes in step S56), the control device 102. Then, a command to decrease the operation amount is output to the combustion fan 18 (step S57). Thereby, combustion in the 2nd combustor 17 can be performed more stably.
- step S58 the control device 102 temporarily stops the reduction in the combustion amount of the combustion unit 103.
- the combustion amount in the second combustor 17 is changed by changing the operation amounts of the second combustible gas supply device 22 and the combustion fan 18. Can be prevented from continuing.
- the control device 102 outputs an operation start command for the fuel cell unit 101 to each device constituting the fuel cell unit 101 (step S59).
- the operation of the fuel cell unit 101 is started.
- the combustion fan 14c is operated, and the combustion air flows through the air supply passage 79 and is supplied to the first combustor 14b.
- the igniter (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b is operated.
- the combustible gas is supplied to the first combustor 14b
- the first combustor 14b ignites the combustible gas and the combustion air, and the air-fuel mixture is combusted.
- step S60 When the ignition detection in the first combustor 14b is input by the ignition detector (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6) of the first combustor 14b (Yes in step S60), the control device 102 performs combustion. The temporary stop of the combustion amount reduction of the unit 103 is canceled (step S61). Next, the control device 102 outputs a combustion amount reduction command of the combustion unit 103 to each device (the first combustible gas supplier 20 and the combustion fan 18) constituting the combustion unit 103 (step S42).
- the ignition operation of the first combustor 14b or the second combustor 17 can be stably performed.
Abstract
Description
本発明の実施の形態1に係る発電システムは、燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとを用いて発電する燃料電池と、第1燃焼器を有し燃料電池に供給する燃料ガスを生成する水素生成装置と、少なくとも燃料電池と水素生成装置とを収納する筐体と、を有する燃料電池ユニットと、制御装置と、筐体外に配置され、可燃性ガスを燃焼する第2燃焼器を有する燃焼ユニットと、燃料電池ユニットと燃焼ユニットとを連通するように設けられ、燃料電池ユニットから排出される排ガスと燃焼ユニットから排出される排ガスを大気に排出するように構成されている排出流路と、をさらに備え、制御装置が、第1燃焼器及び第2燃焼器のうちのいずれか一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、他方の燃焼器の作動状態を維持するように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る発電システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。
次に、本実施の形態1に係る発電システム100の動作について説明する。なお、発電システム100の燃料電池ユニット101における発電動作は、一般的な燃料電池の発電動作と同様に行われるので、その詳細な説明は省略する。また、本実施の形態1においては、制御装置102が、1つの制御装置で構成されていて、該制御装置が、発電システム100を構成する各機器を制御するものとして説明する。
制御装置102は、一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、他方の燃焼器を有するユニットから排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されている。具体的には、制御装置102は、一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、他方の燃焼器の着火動作指令が制御装置102に入力されても、一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、他方の燃焼器を着火動作させないように構成されている。
図2は、本実施の形態1に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図3は、本実施の形態1に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
制御装置102は、一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、他方の燃焼器の作動状態を維持するように構成されている。具体的には、制御装置102は、一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、他方の燃焼器の操作量を変動する指令が制御装置102に入力されても、一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、他方の燃焼器の操作量を変動させないように構成されている。
図4は、本実施の形態1に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図5は、本実施の形態1に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る発電システムは、燃料電池ユニットが、筐体内のガスを排出流路に排出することにより、筐体内を換気するように構成された換気器を有し、制御装置は、第2燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、第2燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、換気器の操作量を変動させないように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る発電システムの概略構成を示す模式図である。
次に、本実施の形態2に係る発電システム100の動作について説明する。なお、以下の説明では、燃料電池11の発電量の変動はないものとして説明する。
図7は、本実施の形態2に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図8は、本実施の形態2に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る発電システムは、燃料電池ユニットが、該燃料電池ユニット内のガスを排出流路に排出することにより燃料電池ユニット内を換気するように構成された換気器と、燃料電池のカソードに酸化剤ガスを送る酸化剤ガス供給器と、第1燃焼器に空気を送る第1空気供給器と、第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、を有し、排出流路は、筐体内のガスと、カソードから排出されるオフ酸化剤ガスと、第1燃焼器から排出されるオフ燃焼ガスと、を大気に排出するように構成されており、制御装置は、第2燃焼器の着火動作期間中に燃料電池ユニットの発電量を変動させる場合は、換気器と酸化剤ガス供給器と第1空気供給器と第1可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を変動させて、燃料電池ユニットから排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
制御装置102は、第2燃焼器17の着火動作期間中に燃料電池ユニット101の発電量を変動させる場合は、換気ファン13と第1可燃性ガス供給器20と酸化剤ガス供給器15と燃焼ファン14cの操作量を変動させて、燃料電池ユニット101から排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されている。以下、図9及び図10を参照しながら、制御装置102による燃料電池ユニット101及び燃焼ユニット103の制御について、具体的に説明する。なお、上述したように、原料ガス供給器21が第1可燃性ガス供給器20の機能を兼ねる場合には、第1可燃性ガス供給器20に代えて原料ガス供給器21の操作量を変動させる。
図9は、本実施の形態3に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図10は、本実施の形態3に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態4に係る発電システムは、燃焼ユニットが、第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、制御装置が、第1燃焼器の着火動作期間中に燃焼ユニットの燃焼量を増大させる場合は、第2可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を増大させ、かつ、第2空気供給器の操作量を減少させ、第1燃焼器の着火動作期間中に燃焼ユニットの燃焼量を減少させる場合は、第2可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を減少させ、かつ、第2空気供給器の操作量を増大させる態様を例示するものである。
制御装置102は、第1燃焼器14bの着火動作期間中に燃焼ユニット103の燃焼量を変動させる場合は、第2可燃性ガス供給器22及び燃焼ファン18の操作量を変動させて、燃焼ユニット103から排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されている。以下、図11及び図12を参照しながら、制御装置102による燃料電池ユニット101及び燃焼ユニット103の制御について、具体的に説明する。
図11は、本実施の形態4に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図12は、本実施の形態4に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態5に係る発電システムは、燃料電池ユニットは、第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、第1燃焼器に空気を供給する第1空気供給器と、を有し、燃焼ユニットは、第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、制御装置は、1より大きく、かつ、2以下の空燃比である第1閾値を予め記憶しており、他方の燃焼器の空燃比が第1閾値以上であり、一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、他方の燃焼器の操作量を増大させる指令が入力されると、他方の燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を増大させ、かつ、他方の燃焼器に空気を供給する空気供給器の操作量を減少させて、他方の燃焼器から排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されている態様を例示するものである。
図13は、本実施の形態5に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本発明の実施の形態6に係る発電システムは、燃料電池ユニットが、第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、第1燃焼器に空気を供給する第1空気供給器と、を有し、燃焼ユニットは、第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、制御装置は、他方の燃焼器の燃焼を継続できる範囲内の空燃比であり、2より大きい空燃比である第2閾値を予め記憶しており、他方の燃焼器の空燃比が第2閾値であり、一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、他方の燃焼器の燃焼量を減少させる指令が入力されると、他方の燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を減少させ、かつ、他方の燃焼器に空気を供給する空気供給器の操作量を増大させて、他方の燃焼器の空燃比が1より大きく、かつ、第2閾値以下になるように制御する態様を例示するものである。
図14は、本実施の形態6に係る発電システムの運転動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
11A 燃料ガス流路
11B 酸化剤ガス流路
12 筐体
13 換気ファン
14 水素生成装置
14a 改質器
14b 第1燃焼器
14c 燃焼ファン
15 酸化剤ガス供給器
16 給気口
17 第2燃焼器
18 燃焼ファン
19 給気口
70 排出流路
71 燃料ガス供給流路
72 酸化剤ガス供給流路
73 オフ燃料ガス流路
74 オフ酸化剤ガス流路
75 換気流路
76 燃焼空気供給流路
77 排出ガス流路
79 空気供給流路
80 燃焼排ガス流路
100 発電システム
101 燃料電池ユニット
102 制御装置
103 燃焼ユニット
103A 排気口
200 建物
Claims (15)
- 燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとを用いて発電する燃料電池と、第1燃焼器を有し前記燃料電池に供給する前記燃料ガスを生成する水素生成装置と、少なくとも前記燃料電池と前記水素生成装置とを収納する筐体と、を有する燃料電池ユニットと、
制御装置と、を備える、発電システムにおいて、
前記発電システムは、
前記筐体外に配置され、可燃性ガスを燃焼する第2燃焼器を有する燃焼ユニットと、
前記燃料電池ユニットと前記燃焼ユニットとを連通するように設けられ、前記燃料電池ユニットから排出される排ガスと前記燃焼ユニットから排出される排ガスを大気に排出するように構成されている排出流路と、をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記第1燃焼器及び前記第2燃焼器のうちのいずれか一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、他方の燃焼器の作動状態を維持するように構成されていることを特徴とする、発電システム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、前記燃料電池ユニット及び前記燃焼ユニットのうちの前記他方の燃焼器を有するユニットから排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の発電システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記他方の燃焼器の着火動作指令が入力されても、前記一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、前記他方の燃焼器を着火動作させないように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記他方の燃焼器の着火動作指令が入力されると、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させた後に、前記他方の燃焼器を着火動作させるように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記他方の燃焼器から排出される排ガスの流量を変動する指令が入力されると、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させた後に、前記他方の燃焼器から排出される排ガスの流量を変動するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記第1燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記第1燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、前記第2燃焼器の燃焼量を変動させないように前記燃焼ユニットを制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記第2燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記第2燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、前記燃料電池の発電量を変動させないように前記燃料電池ユニットを制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記燃料電池ユニットは、該燃料電池ユニット内のガスを前記排出流路に排出することにより前記燃料電池ユニット内を換気するように構成された換気器と、前記燃料電池のカソードに酸化剤ガスを送る酸化剤ガス供給器と、前記第1燃焼器に空気を送る第1空気供給器と、前記第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、を有し、
前記排出流路は、前記筐体内のガスと、前記カソードから排出されるオフ酸化剤ガスと、前記第1燃焼器から排出されるオフ燃焼ガスと、を大気に排出するように構成されており、
前記制御装置は、前記第2燃焼器の着火動作期間中に前記燃料電池ユニットの発電量を変動させる場合は、前記換気器と前記酸化剤ガス供給器と前記第1空気供給器と前記第1可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を変動させて、前記燃料電池ユニットから排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発電システム。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記第2燃焼器の着火動作期間中に前記燃料電池ユニットの発電量を増大させる場合は、前記酸化剤ガス供給器と前記第1空気供給器と前記第1可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を増大させ、かつ、前記換気器の操作量を減少させ、
前記第2燃焼器の着火動作期間中に前記燃料電池ユニットの発電量を減少させる場合は、前記酸化剤ガス供給器と前記第1空気供給器と前記第1可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を減少させ、かつ、前記換気器の操作量を増大させることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の発電システム。 - 前記燃焼ユニットは、前記第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記第1燃焼器の着火動作期間中に前記燃焼ユニットの燃焼量を増大させる場合は、前記第2可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を増大させ、かつ、前記第2空気供給器の操作量を減少させ、
前記第1燃焼器の着火動作期間中に前記燃焼ユニットの燃焼量を減少させる場合は、前記第2可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を減少させ、かつ、前記第2空気供給器の操作量を増大させることを特徴とする、請求項2、8、及び9のいずれか1項に記載の発電システム。 - 前記燃料電池ユニットは、前記第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第1燃焼器に空気を供給する第1空気供給器と、を有し、
前記燃焼ユニットは、前記第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、1より大きく、かつ、2以下の空燃比である第1閾値を予め記憶しており、
前記他方の燃焼器の空燃比が第1閾値以上であり、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記他方の燃焼器の操作量を増大させる指令が入力されると、
前記他方の燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を増大させ、かつ、前記他方の燃焼器に空気を供給する空気供給器の操作量を減少させて、前記他方の燃焼器から排出される排ガスの流量を一定にするように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の発電システム。 - 前記燃料電池ユニットは、前記第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第1燃焼器に空気を供給する第1空気供給器と、を有し、
前記燃焼ユニットは、前記第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、1より大きく、かつ、2以下の空燃比である第1閾値を予め記憶しており、
前記他方の燃焼器の空燃比が第1閾値未満であり、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記他方の燃焼器の操作量を増大させる指令が入力されると、
前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させた後に、前記他方の燃焼器の燃焼量を増大させるように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1、2及び11のいずれか1項に記載の発電システム。 - 前記燃料電池ユニットは、前記第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第1燃焼器に空気を供給する第1空気供給器と、を有し、
前記燃焼ユニットは、前記第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記他方の燃焼器の燃焼を継続できる範囲内の空燃比であり、2より大きい空燃比である第2閾値を予め記憶しており、
前記他方の燃焼器の空燃比が1より大きく前記第2閾値以下であり、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記他方の燃焼器の燃焼量を減少させる指令が入力されると、
前記他方の燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する可燃性ガス供給器の操作量を減少させ、かつ、前記他方の燃焼器に空気を供給する空気供給器の操作量を増大させて、前記他方の燃焼器の空燃比が1より大きく前記第2閾値以下になるように制御することを特徴とする、請求項1、2、11、及び12のいずれか1項に記載の発電システム。 - 前記燃料電池ユニットは、前記第1燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第1可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第1燃焼器に空気を供給する第1空気供給器と、を有し、
前記燃焼ユニットは、前記第2燃焼器に可燃性ガスを供給する第2可燃性ガス供給器と、前記第2燃焼器に空気を供給する第2空気供給器と、を有し、
前記制御装置は、前記他方の燃焼器の燃焼を継続できる範囲内の空燃比であり、2より大きい空燃比である第2閾値を予め記憶しており、
前記他方の燃焼器の空燃比が前記第2閾値より大きい場合に、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記他方の燃焼器の操作量を減少させる指令が入力されると、前記一方の燃焼器を着火動作させた後に、前記他方の燃焼器の燃焼量を減少させるように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1、2、及び11~13のいずれか1項に記載の発電システム。 - 燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスとを用いて発電する燃料電池と、第1燃焼器を有し前記燃料電池に供給する前記燃料ガスを生成する水素生成装置と、少なくとも前記燃料電池及び前記水素生成装置を収納する筐体と、を有する燃料電池ユニットと、を備える発電システムの運転方法において、
前記発電システムは、
前記筐体外に配置され、可燃性ガスを燃焼する第2燃焼器を有する燃焼ユニットと、
前記燃料電池ユニットと前記燃焼ユニットを連通するように設けられ、前記燃料電池ユニットから排出される排ガスと前記燃焼ユニットから排出される排ガスを大気に排出するように構成されている排出流路と、をさらに備え、
前記第1燃焼器又は前記第2燃焼器のいずれか一方の燃焼器を着火動作させる場合に、前記一方の燃焼器の着火動作期間中は、他方の燃焼器の作動状態を維持することを特徴とする、発電システムの運転方法。
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EP2675009B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
JPWO2012132197A1 (ja) | 2014-07-24 |
US20130344408A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
EP2675009A4 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
US10026974B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
JP5474260B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
EP2675009A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
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