WO2012126266A1 - 用于作业机械的起重臂的升降系统和升降方法及作业机械 - Google Patents

用于作业机械的起重臂的升降系统和升降方法及作业机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012126266A1
WO2012126266A1 PCT/CN2011/084636 CN2011084636W WO2012126266A1 WO 2012126266 A1 WO2012126266 A1 WO 2012126266A1 CN 2011084636 W CN2011084636 W CN 2011084636W WO 2012126266 A1 WO2012126266 A1 WO 2012126266A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
accumulator
cylinder
boom
hydraulic oil
upper chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/084636
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨双来
Original Assignee
Yang Shuanglai
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2011100673116A external-priority patent/CN102691682A/zh
Application filed by Yang Shuanglai filed Critical Yang Shuanglai
Priority to MX2013010836A priority Critical patent/MX346797B/es
Priority to RU2013146691/06A priority patent/RU2558712C2/ru
Priority to US14/006,342 priority patent/US9638217B2/en
Priority to KR1020137026898A priority patent/KR101630733B1/ko
Priority to BR112013024200A priority patent/BR112013024200A2/pt
Priority to EP11861495.7A priority patent/EP2690292B1/en
Priority to JP2014500232A priority patent/JP5834132B2/ja
Publication of WO2012126266A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012126266A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/20—Control systems or devices for non-electric drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/226—Safety arrangements, e.g. hydraulic driven fans, preventing cavitation, leakage, overheating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
    • E02F9/2271—Actuators and supports therefor and protection therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/024—Installations or systems with accumulators used as a supplementary power source, e.g. to store energy in idle periods to balance pump load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/14—Energy-recuperation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/212—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/62—Cooling or heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7107—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being mechanically linked
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/88—Control measures for saving energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lifting system for a boom of a work machine, a method for lifting and lowering a boom of a work machine using the system, and a work machine including the same. Background technique
  • the present invention aims to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, to provide a simple structure, simple operation, energy saving, efficient recovery and utilization of the gravitational potential energy when the boom is lowered, and the boom raising and lowering of the boom is rapidly improved. system.
  • the present invention provides a lifting system for a boom of a work city, comprising: for storing the gravitational potential energy of the boom when the boom is lowered and utilizing the stored energy when the boom is raised
  • An energy storage device for lifting a boom comprising an energy storage cylinder and an accumulator, the energy storage cylinder having an upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder separated by the accumulator piston and a lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder, and the boom
  • the storage piston rod is operated, the upper space in the accumulator is filled with pressurized gas, the lower space is filled with pressurized hydraulic oil and is in fluid communication with the lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder; and the control for controlling the lifting and lowering of the boom a cylinder, the control oil rainbow has a control cylinder upper chamber separated by a control piston and a control cylinder lower chamber, and a control piston rod operatively connected with the boom; for selectively controlling the cylinder upper chamber or the control cylinder through the distributor
  • the chamber is supplied with a hydraulic
  • the control piston rod drives the boom to descend, and the weight of the boom pushes the energy storage of the accumulator cylinder.
  • the piston rod pushes the hydraulic oil in the lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder into the lower space of the accumulator, thereby compressing the gas in the upper space of the accumulator to recover the gravitational potential energy of the boom; when the pump passes through the distributor to the control cylinder
  • the control piston rod drives the boom to rise, so that the accumulator piston rod is lifted, so that the compressed gas in the upper space of the accumulator pushes the hydraulic oil in the lower space of the accumulator into the accumulating cylinder.
  • the lower chamber thereby discharging the recovered energy, pushes the accumulator piston rod to raise the lifting arm.
  • the present invention also provides a work center for a boom and the above-described boom lift system.
  • the present invention provides a method for lifting and lowering a boom of a work machine using the above-described boom lifting system, comprising: filling an upper space of the accumulator with a pressurized gas in a lower space thereof
  • the lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder in fluid communication with is filled with pressurized hydraulic oil;
  • the hydraulic pump is supplied with pressurized hydraulic oil through the distributor to the upper chamber of the control cylinder, so that the control piston rod drives the boom to descend, thereby lifting the boom
  • the weight pushes the accumulator piston rod of the accumulator cylinder, and pushes the hydraulic oil in the lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder into the lower space of the accumulator, thereby compressing the gas in the upper space of the accumulator to recover the gravitational potential energy of the boom
  • the hydraulic pump is supplied with pressurized hydraulic oil to the lower chamber of the control cylinder through the distributor, so that the control piston rod drives the boom to rise, so that the accumulator piston rod is lifted, so that the compressed gas in
  • the invention uses the energy stored by the energy storage device composed of the accumulator and the accumulator cylinder to balance the weight of the boom itself, wherein the accumulator and the accumulator cylinder itself constitute a completely closed system, only for energy storage and The function of energy dry discharge, without setting any control valve, the system can work continuously without leakage.
  • the hydraulic power system of the work loader itself does not perform all lifting functions, but only controls the lift of the boom by controlling the cylinder and provides partial thrust.
  • the boom lifting system of the present invention has a simple structure, installation and operation. It is reliable, durable, and saves energy and improves the efficiency of the boom.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a lifting system for a boom of a work machine in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. List of reference signs
  • the boom lifting system includes three cylinders mounted under the boom 1, wherein the control cylinder 12 is directly below the boom 1, and is connected to the boom 1 on both sides of the control cylinder 12, respectively. On both sides are two accumulator cylinders 4.
  • Each of the cylinders has a cylinder, a piston and a piston rod, and is divided into upper and lower chambers by respective pistons 22, 13, which are filled with hydraulic oil to push the movable motion.
  • These three cylinders are arranged in parallel, fixed on the bottom frame of the excavator at the lower end, and live on their respective ends! ⁇ Connect with the boom 1 operation.
  • the lower chamber 4b of the accumulator cylinder 4 can be connected to the accumulator 7 via lines 17 and 6.
  • the accumulator 7 and the accumulator cylinder 4 together form an energy storage device.
  • the accumulator 7 can be mounted with one or more of the energy storage cylinders 4 in communication.
  • the upper space of the accumulator 7 is filled with the pressurized gas 20, and the lower space is filled with the pressurized hydraulic oil 19.
  • An inflator 21 in the present embodiment, an inflation valve
  • a hydraulic pump station 5 with a hydraulic oil tank are connected to the line 6 connecting the accumulator 7 to the lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4, respectively
  • the pressurized gas and the pressurized hydraulic oil are supplied to the accumulator 7 and the accumulator cylinder lower chamber 4b.
  • a radiator 29 may be connected to the pipeline 6 for dissipating heat from the hydraulic oil to ensure that the temperature of the hydraulic oil is normal.
  • the control cylinder 12 can be connected via a hydraulic line 27 to a hydraulic system driven by the engine 8 of the excavator, in this embodiment a hydraulic pump 9.
  • the hydraulic pump 9 can be equipped with a dispenser 10 that is in fluid communication with the upper chamber 12a and the lower chamber 12b of the control cylinder 12 via a distributor 10 and a hydraulic line 27, respectively.
  • the dispenser 10 can selectively supply the pressurized hydraulic oil to the upper chamber 12a or the lower chamber 12b of the control cylinder 12, for example, in response to a signal from the excavator driver or manual operation.
  • a controller 11 may also be provided, which passes through the hydraulic lines 27, 27, 28 and the return line 25 and the distributor 10 of the hydraulic pump 9, and the control cylinder.
  • the upper chamber 12a of 12, the upper chamber 4a of the accumulator cylinder 4 and the hydraulic oil tank of the hydraulic pump station 5 are connected to selectively open or open the distributor 10 of the hydraulic pump 9, the upper chamber 12a of the control cylinder 12, and the energy storage.
  • the upper chamber 4a of the cylinder 4 is in fluid communication with the hydraulic pump station 5.
  • the controller 11 opens the passage of the distributor 10 to the upper chamber 12a of the control cylinder 12 to pass the hydraulic pump 9
  • the distributor 10 and the controller 11 supply pressurized hydraulic oil to the upper chamber 12a of the control cylinder 12.
  • Other control operations of the controller 11 will be described below.
  • the boom lifting system is first pre-pressurized.
  • the valve 14 provided in the line 6 is first opened, and then the accumulator 7 is filled with a gas, such as nitrogen, via the line 6 by means of an inflation valve 21 installed in the line 6, at which time the hydraulic pump is to be
  • the valve 24 in station 5 is closed to prevent gas from escaping from line 6 through the pump station.
  • the inflation is stopped, and the inflation valve 21 is closed.
  • valve 24 is opened, and the hydraulic pump station 5 is actuated to charge the hydraulic oil through the check valve 15 into the lower chamber of the accumulator 7 and the associated accumulator cylinder 4, and accordingly, the hydraulic oil causes the lines 6, 17
  • the gas in the lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 is discharged through the valve 24.
  • the hydraulic pump station 5 is turned off and the hydraulic oil is stopped.
  • the pressurized space 20 is filled in the upper space of the accumulator 7, and the pressurized hydraulic oil 19 is filled in the lower space and the lower chamber 4b of the accumulator cylinder in fluid communication therewith (wherein the gas 20 ratio
  • the weight is light, and the hydraulic oil 19 is heavy, so the gas 20 is always in the upper space of the accumulator 7, and the oil is in the lower space of the accumulator 7 and the accumulator 7 and the lower chamber 4b of the accumulator cylinder
  • the pressure can be set such that the hydraulic oil in the accumulator 7 acts on the piston rod 2 of the accumulator cylinder 4 and can act on the piston rod 2 by the weight of the boom 1
  • the force on the top is basically balanced.
  • the energy storage device consisting of the accumulator 7 and the accumulator cylinder 4 becomes a closed system, which can always work if no leakage occurs. Instead of refilling the gas and hydraulic oil. Even if a leak occurs, the inflator 21 and the hydraulic pump station 5 can be used to supplement the accumulator 7 and the lower chamber 4b of the accumulator cylinder 4 with pressurized gas and pressurized hydraulic oil until the hydraulic oil in the accumulator 7 is used.
  • the force acting on the piston rod 2 of the accumulator cylinder 4 is balanced with the force exerted on the piston rod 2 by the weight of the boom 1.
  • the boom raising and lowering system can be used to raise and lower the boom 1.
  • the engine 8 is started to start the operation of the hydraulic system (hydraulic pump 9).
  • the driver of the working machine pushes the joystick to the distributor 10 of the hydraulic pump 9, and the distributor 10 sends the hydraulic oil to the upper chamber of the control cylinder 12, pushing the piston rod 23 of the control cylinder 12 down and Drive the boom 1 down.
  • the weights of the boom 1 (and the weight 3) are all pressed against the accumulator cylinder 4.
  • the accumulating cylinder 4 is pushed by the potential energy generated when the weight of the boom is lowered, so that the hydraulic oil below the piston rod of the accumulator cylinder 4 is compressed, and the pressure starts to rise, so that the hydraulic oil below the piston rod of the accumulator cylinder 4 is used.
  • the line 6 is forcibly pushed from the oil inlet at the bottom of the accumulator 7 into the accumulator 7. Since the hydraulic oil is forcibly pushed into the accumulator 7 from the oil inlet port at the bottom of the accumulator 7, the space inside the accumulator 7 is reduced, and the gas 20 in the upper space of the accumulator 7 is compressed. To achieve the purpose of energy storage.
  • the high-pressure hydraulic oil 19 in the accumulator 7 is poured into the lower chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 through the pipeline 6, and the piston rod 2 of the accumulator cylinder 4 is pushed upward, so that the boom 1 It will quickly and ⁇ ⁇ to the wire.
  • the up and down reciprocation of the boom 1 is forcibly pushed by the system 9 and 10 of the engine 8, whereas the present invention utilizes the accumulator 7 and the accumulator cylinder 4 to move the boom 1 and The weight of the weight 3 is balanced.
  • the hydraulic pump 9 and the distributor 10 of the engine 8 are no longer fully lifted, but function to control the up and down reciprocation of the boom 1 and the partial urging force.
  • the first feature of the present invention is to control the lifting and lowering of the boom by the control cylinder 12; the second is to store the energy by the accumulator cylinder 4 and the accumulator 7 of the boom 1, wherein the accumulator 7 and the accumulator cylinder 4 There is no control valve itself, but only the energy storage and energy release, the weight of the boom 1 and the pressure in the accumulator 7 are maintained in a fundamental balance.
  • the hydraulic power supplied from the hydraulic pump 9 to the control cylinder 12 required for raising the boom 1 can be greatly reduced as compared with the prior art, so that the engine 8 can be fuel-efficient and the boom 1 can be accelerated. The speed of improvement.
  • the accumulator 7 stores the potential energy of the weight of the boom through the accumulator cylinder 4 when the boom 1 is lowered, and releases the stored energy when lifting the boom 1 to assist and speed up Lifting of the boom 1.
  • the gravitational potential energy when the boom 1 is lowered is effectively recovered and utilized, and the working efficiency of the working machine is improved.
  • the energy storage device composed of the accumulator cylinder 4 and the accumulator 7 is not connected to the main hydraulic system 9, but is an independent mechanism, and only the self-weight of the boom 1 is balanced by the mechanism, so that it is not necessary to worry about the boom 1
  • the self-weight will consume too much energy when lifting, so that the weight 1 can be made heavier to strengthen the strength of the boom 1.
  • the boom lifting system of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, reliable and durable use, simple operation and remarkable energy saving effect.
  • the controller 11 opens the passage from the upper chamber 4a of the accumulator cylinder 4 to the hydraulic tank of the hydraulic pump station 5, so that the hydraulic oil in the upper chamber 4a of the accumulator cylinder 4
  • the controller 11 controls the lifting arm 1 to descend, the piston 13 of the accumulator cylinder 4 starts to descend, and the upper chamber 4a of the accumulator cylinder 4 starts to vacuum.
  • the hydraulic oil is sucked from the hydraulic oil tank of the hydraulic pumping station 5 through the controller 11 into the upper chamber 4a; if the control cylinder 12 is driven downward, the lifting arm 1 needs a greater force (ie, the upper chamber pressure of the control cylinder 12) of When the driving force is insufficient, the pressure in the upper chamber of the control cylinder is increased, and the controller 11 can be signaled to close the passage from the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 to the hydraulic tank of the hydraulic pump station 5, The passage from the distributor 10 to the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 is opened, so that the pressurized hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 9 can also be sent to the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 through the distributor 10 and the controller 11.
  • the controller 11 causes the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 to communicate in parallel with the upper chamber of the control cylinder 12, so that an upper chamber area of the control cylinder 12 is increased to the upper chamber area of the plurality of cylinders, which makes The upper chamber thrust of the cylinder is increased to further push their pistons downward, thereby increasing the force pushing the boom 1 down.
  • the pressure in the upper chamber 12a of the control cylinder 12 is detected to be higher than a predetermined value by the sensor 26 provided in the line 27 or in the upper chamber of the control cylinder, it indicates that the required downward thrust is large,
  • the hour sensor 26 signals the controller 11 to communicate the upper chamber of the control cylinder 12 with the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 to help push the boom 1 down.
  • the controller 11 may also be provided, that is, the hydraulic oil is directly supplied to the upper chamber of the control cylinder 12 by the distributor 10, and the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 and the hydraulic oil tank of the hydraulic pump station 5 are directly connected without the controller 11
  • the hydraulic oil may be directly supplied to the upper chamber of the control cylinder 12 and the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4 in parallel; or the distributor 10 may directly supply hydraulic oil to the upper chamber of the accumulator cylinder 4, and then the control cylinder
  • the upper chamber of the 12 is directly connected to the hydraulic oil tank and is not controlled by the controller 11.
  • the lifting and lowering actions of the boom 1 alternately reciprocate until the work machine stops working.
  • the valve 14 in line 6 can be closed to prevent the pressurized hydraulic oil in the accumulator 7 from pushing the boom and automatically rising when no one is controlling.
  • the accumulator 7 can be provided with a separate valve 18 for improved safety and ease of replacement of the accumulator.
  • the pressure in the closed system consisting of the accumulator 7 and the accumulator cylinder 4 fluctuates due to the lifting of the boom 1, but by the weight of the boom 1.
  • the force acting on the piston rod of the accumulator cylinder also fluctuates correspondingly due to the lifting and lowering of the boom, so that the force acting on the piston rod of the accumulator cylinder by the hydraulic oil in the accumulator 7 is always maintained.
  • the weight of the boom 1 acts substantially balanced on the piston rod of the accumulator cylinder to save the forces and energy that need to be provided by the engine's hydraulic system.
  • the magnitude of the pressure in the closed system formed by the accumulator cylinder 4 can also be adjusted as needed (for example by charging and discharging gas and/or charging and discharging oil of the inflator 21 and/or the hydraulic pumping station 5).
  • the number and relative positions of the accumulator cylinder and the control cylinder in the present invention are not limited to those described in the above embodiment, but any appropriate number (for example, one, Two or more storage tanks and any suitable number (eg, one, two or more) of control cylinders mounted on either or both sides of the boom 1 and accumulating energy
  • the cylinder and control cylinder are also interchangeable for use.
  • the invention substantially balances the weight of the boom itself by the energy stored by the energy storage device consisting of an accumulator and an accumulator cylinder, wherein the accumulator and the accumulator cylinder itself constitute a completely enclosed system, only for energy storage. And the function of energy release, without setting any control valve, the system can work without leakage.
  • the hydraulic power system of the working machine itself (driven by the engine) no longer performs all lifting functions, but only controls the lifting and lowering of the boom by the control cylinder and provides partial thrust. Therefore, the boom lifting system of the present invention has a simple structure, is convenient to install and operate, is reliable and durable, and can save energy and improve the working efficiency of the boom.
  • the boom lifting system of the present invention can be applied to any working machine having a boom, such as an excavator, a loader, a crane, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)

Description

用于作业机械的起重臂的升降系统和升降方法及作业机械
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于作业机械的起重臂的升降系统、 利用该系统使作 业机械的起重臂升降的方法和包括该系统的作业机械。 背景技术
挖掘机、 装载机、 吊车等作业^^利用起重臂的上升和下降来执行作 业，但是， 对于现有的起重臂升降系统来说， 由于起重臂的重量往往很大， 所以在提升起重臂时需^ f 业积 的动力系统提供很大的力并耗费很多的 能量， 并且起重臂提升的速度较慢； 而在起重臂下降时， 其重力势能又常 常被损失掉， 得不到有效利用。 虽然已开发出了一些可在起重臂下降时回 收其重力势能的系统， 但这些系统结构复杂， 操作不便， 且不能有效地释 放所回收的能量来使起重臂快速提升。 发明内容
本发明旨在解决现有技术中的上述问题， 即提供一种结构简单、 操作 简便、 节省能量、 可有效地回收和利用起重臂下降时的重力势能快速提升 起重臂的起重臂升降系统。
一方面，本发明提供了一种用于作业城的起重臂的升降系统， 包括: 用于在起重臂下降时储存起重臂的重力势能和在起重臂上升时利用所储存 的能量举升起重臂的蓄能装置， 该蓄能装置包括蓄能油缸和蓄能器， 蓄能 油缸具有由蓄能活塞分开的蓄能油缸上腔和蓄能油缸下腔， 以及与起重臂 操作连接的蓄能活塞杆， 蓄能器内的上部空间充有有压气体， 其下部空间 充有有压液压油且与蓄能油缸下腔流体连通； 用于控制起重臂升降的控制 油缸， 控制油虹具有由控制活塞分开的控制油缸上腔和控制油缸下腔， 以 及与起重臂操作连接的控制活塞杆； 用于通过分配器有选择地向控制油缸 上腔或控制油缸下腔供给有压液压油的液压泵， 当液压泵通过分配器向控 制油缸上腔供给有压液压油时， 控制活塞杆带动起重臂下降， 起重臂的重 量推压蓄能油缸的蓄能活塞杆， 将蓄能油缸下腔的液压油推入蓄能器下部 空间中， 由此压缩蓄能器上部空间内的气体以回收起重臂的重力势能； 当 泵通过分配器向控制油缸下腔供给有压液压油时， 控制活塞杆带动起 重臂上升， 使蓄能活塞杆被提升， 从而蓄能器上部空间内的压缩气体将蓄 能器下部空间内的液压油推入蓄能油缸下腔， 由此幹放所回收的能量而推 动蓄能活塞杆向上升起起重臂。
相应地， 本发明还提供了一种包^重臂和上述的起重臂升降系统的 作业城。
另一方面， 本发明提供了一种利用上述的起重臂升降系统来使作业机 械的起重臂升降的方法， 包括： 在蓄能器的上部空间内填充有压气体， 在 其下部空间和与之流体连通的蓄能油缸下腔内填充有压液压油； 使液压泵 通过分配器向控制油缸上腔供给有压液压油， 以使控制活塞杆带动起重臂 下降， 从而起重臂的重量推压蓄能油缸的蓄能活塞杆， 将蓄能油缸下腔的 液压油推入蓄能器下部空间中， 由此压缩蓄能器上部空间内的气体以回收 起重臂的重力势能；使液压泵通过分配器向控制油缸下腔供给有压液压油， 以使控制活塞杆带动起重臂上升， 使蓄能活塞杆被提升， 从而蓄能器上部 空间内的压缩气体将蓄能器下部空间内的^^油推入蓄能油缸下腔， 由此 幹放所回收的能量而推动蓄能活塞杆向上升起起重臂。
本发明利用由蓄能器和蓄能油缸构成的蓄能装置所储存的能量羞 平 衡起重臂自身的重量， 其中蓄能器和蓄能油缸本身构成一个完全封闭的系 统， 只起蓄能和能量幹放的作用， 不用设置任何控制阀， 该系统若不发生 泄漏便可一直工作。 这样， 与现有技术相比， 作业积械本身的液压动力系 统不再起全部的举升作用， 只是通过控制油缸对起重臂的升降进行控制和 提供部分推力。 由此， 本发明的起重臂升降系统结构简单， 安装和操作方 便， 可靠耐用， 并且可节省能量， 提高起重臂的工作效率。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明一个实施例的用于作业机械的起重臂的升降系统的 示意图。 附图标记列表
1 起重臂
2 蓄能油缸的活塞杆
3 重物
4 蓄能油缸
4a 蓄能油缸的上腔
4b 蓄能油缸的下腔
5 带有液压油箱的液压泵站
6 管路
7 蓄能器
8 发动机
9 ¾^泵
10 分配器
11 控制器
12 控制油缸
12a 控制油缸的上腔
12b 控制油缸的下腔
13 蓄能油缸的活塞
14 阀门
15 单向阀
16 表
17 管路 18 阀
19 油
20 气体
21 充气装置 (充气阀）
22 控制油缸的活塞
23 控制油缸的活塞杆
24 阀
25 回油管路
26 传感器
27 液压管路
28 液压管路
29 散热器 具体实施方式
图 1以挖掘机的起重臂 1为例示出了本发明的起重臂升降系统的一个 实施例， 该挖掘机利用安装在起重臂 1端部的铲斗挖掘和转移重物 3以执 行作业。 该起重臂升降系统包括安装在起重臂 1下方的三个油缸， 其中， 连接在起重臂 1正下方的为控制油缸 12， 而在控制油缸 12的两侧分别连 接到起重臂 1两侧的为两个蓄能油缸 4。 每个油缸都具有缸体、 活塞和活 塞杆， 并且被各自的活塞 22、 13分成上下两个腔， 这些腔中充填液压油以 推压活 活^ f运动。 这三个油缸并行地排布， 在下端固定在挖掘机的 底架上， 并在上端经由各自的活！ ^与起重臂 1操作连接。
蓄能油缸 4的下腔 4b可通过管路 17和 6连接到蓄能器 7。 蓄能器 7 和蓄能油缸 4共同构成蓄能装置。 蓄能器 7可安装一个或多个与蓄能油缸 4连通。 在本实施例中， 蓄能器 7的上部空间充有有压气体 20, 而下部空 间充有有压液压油 19。在将蓄能器 7与蓄能油缸 4的下腔连接的管路 6上 可连接有充气装置 21 (在本实施例中为充气阀 )和带有液压油箱的液压泵 站 5，分别用于向蓄能器 7和蓄能油缸下腔 4b供给有压气体和有压液压油。 另外， 由于液压油在工作时会产生热量， 所以在管路 6上还可连接有散热 器 29， 用于对液压油进行散热， 以保证液压油温度正常。 控制油缸 12可 通过液压管路 27连接到由挖掘机的发动机 8驱动的液压系统，在本实施例 中为液压泵 9。液压泵 9可配备有分配器 10，液压泵 9通过分配器 10和液 压管路 27分别与控制油缸 12的上腔 12a和下腔 12b流体连通。分配器 10 可例如响应于挖掘机驾驶员发出的信号或手动操作有选择地使 ¾ ^泵 9向 控制油缸 12的上腔 12a或下腔 12b供给有压液压油。
在本实施例中， 如图 1所示， 还可设置有控制器 11， 该控制器 11分 别通过液压管路 27、 27、 28和回油管路 25与液压泵 9的分配器 10、 控制 油缸 12的上腔 12a、蓄能油缸 4的上腔 4a和液压泵站 5的液压油箱连接， 以有选择地打开或断开液压泵 9的分配器 10、控制油缸 12的上腔 12a、蓄 能油缸 4的上腔 4a和液压泵站 5之间的流体连通。通常情况下，在液压泵 9要通过分配器 10向控制油缸 12的上腔 12a供给液压油时，控制器 11打 开分配器 10通向控制油缸 12的上腔 12a的通路以使得液压泵 9通过分配 器 10和控制器 11向控制油缸 12的上腔 12a供给有压液压油。 控制器 11 的其它控制操作将在下文中描述。
下面描述利用根据本发明上述实施例的起重臂升降系统来使起重臂 1 升降的操作方法。
在使起重臂 1升降之前， 首先对起重臂升降系统进行预加压。 如图 1 所示， 先打开设在管路 6中的阀门 14, 然后利用安装在管路 6中的充气阀 21经管路 6向蓄能器 7填充气体， 例如氮气， 此时要将液压泵站 5中的阀 24关闭以防气体从管路 6经 ¾^泵站跑出。 等将气体填充到一定压力后， 停止充气， 并关闭充气阀 21。 然后， 打开阀 24, 并开动液压泵站 5以将液 压油经单向阀 15充入蓄能器 7和相连的蓄能油缸 4的下腔中，相应地，液 压油使管路 6、 17和蓄能油缸 4的下腔中的气体经阀 24排出。等装在管路 6上的液压表 16的压力读数达到要求时， 关掉液压泵站 5，停止充液压油。 这时， 在蓄能器 7的上部空间内填充有有压气体 20， 而在其下部空间和与 之流体连通的蓄能油缸下腔 4b内填充有有压液压油 19 (其中，气体 20 比 重轻， 而液压油 19比重大， 所以气体 20永远在蓄能器 7的上部空间内， 而 ¾^油 19 <^ ^下部空间内） ， 并 蓄能器 7和蓄能油缸下腔 4b内 存在一定的压力， 其中， 该压力可设定成使得蓄能器 7中的液压油作用在 蓄能油缸 4的活塞杆 2上的作用力能够与由起重臂 1的重量作用在活塞杆 2上的作用力基本平衡。
在如上面描述地那样填充完气体和液压油以进行预加压之后， 由蓄能 器 7和蓄能油缸 4构成的蓄能装置便成为一封闭的系统， 如果不发生泄漏 的话其可一直工作而不用再填充气体和液压油。 即使发生泄漏， 也可利用 充气装置 21和液压泵站 5向蓄能器 7和蓄能油缸 4的下腔 4b中补充有压 气体和有压液压油， 直到由蓄能器 7中的液压油作用在蓄能油缸 4的活塞 杆 2上的作用力与由起重臂 1的重量作用在活塞杆 2上的作用力羞 平衡。
上述预加压工作完成之后， 便可利用该起重臂升降系统来 重臂 1 上升和下降。 首先， 起动发动机 8, 使液压系统（液压泵 9 )开始工作。 起 重臂 1需要下降时， 作业机械的驾驶员推动操纵手柄给液压泵 9的分配器 10信号， 分配器 10将液压油送到控制油缸 12上腔， 推动控制油缸 12的 活塞杆 23下降并带动起重臂 1下降。 这时起重臂 1 (和重物 3 )的重量全 部压在蓄能油缸 4上。 于是， 利用起重臂自重下降时产生的势能推动蓄能 油缸 4, 使蓄能油缸 4的活塞杆下方的液压油被压缩， 压力开始上升， 于 是将蓄能油缸 4的活塞杆下方的液压油通过管路 6强行从蓄能器 7底部的 进油口推到蓄能器 7里面。 由于液压油从蓄能器 7底部的进油口被强行推 到蓄能器 7里， 使蓄能器 7里面的空间减小， 4吏得蓄能器 7的上部空间内 的气体 20被压缩来达到蓄能的目的。等起重臂 1需要升起时，驾驶员推动 操纵手柄给液压系统的分配器 10信号， 分配器 10将液压油送到控制油缸 12下腔， 推动控制油缸 12的活塞杆 23上升， 并带动起重臂 1上升。 这样 便打破了蓄能油缸 4下腔与蓄能器 7里面的液压油的压力平衡。 这时蓄能 油缸 4下腔的压力开始下降， 蓄能器 Ί里面的液压油压力高于蓄能油缸 4 下腔的液压油压力。 于是蓄能器 7里的高压液压油 19通过管路 6 涌入蓄 能油缸 4的下腔中， 推动蓄能油缸 4的活塞杆 2向上运动， 这样起重臂 1 便快速和^ ^地升絲。
在现有的技术中， 起重臂 1上下往复运动是由发动机 8的^½系统 9 和 10强行推动的， 而本发明则是利用蓄能器 7和蓄能油缸 4将起重臂 1 和重物 3的重量平衡。这样发动机 8的液压泵 9和分配器 10不再起全部举 升作用， 只是起控制起重臂 1的上下往复运动和部分推动力的作用。 本发 明的特点一是利用控制油缸 12对起重臂的升降进行控制；二是利用起重臂 1的蓄能油缸 4和蓄能器 7来蓄能， 其中蓄能器 7和蓄能油缸 4本身没有 控制阀， 只是起蓄能和能量释放作用， 将起重臂 1的重量与蓄能器 7内的 压力互相维持基本平衡。 这样， 与现有的技^ M目比， 提升起重臂 1所需的 由液压泵 9向控制油缸 12供给的液压动力可大大减小，从而可使发动机 8 省油， 并加快起重臂 1的提升速度。 也就是说， 根据本发明， 蓄能器 7在 起重臂 1下降时通过蓄能油缸 4储存起重臂自重的势能， 而在提升起重臂 1时释放所储存的能量以辅助和加快起重臂 1的提升。 这样， 便有效充分 地回收和利用了起重臂 1下降时的重力势能， 同时提高了作业机械的作业 效率。
此外， 由蓄能油缸 4和蓄能器 7构成的蓄能装置不与主液压系统 9连 接， 而是独立机构， 只是利用该机构与起重臂 1的自重平衡， 因此不必担 心起重臂 1的自重在升降时会消耗过多能量， 于是可 重臂 1制造得较 重以加强起重臂 1的强度。
本发明的起重臂升降系统结构简单， 安装方便， 使用可靠耐用， 操作 简便， 节能效果显著。
接下来， 对控制器 11的具体操作进行说明。 在由控制油缸 12控制起 重臂 1上升时， 控制器 11打开从蓄能油缸 4的上腔 4a到液压泵站 5的液 压油箱的通路， 使得蓄能油缸 4的上腔 4a中的液压油通过控制器 11的分 配并通过回油管路 25回到液压油箱；当控制油缸 12控制起重臂 1下降时， 蓄能油缸 4的活塞 13开始下降， 蓄能油缸 4的上腔 4a就开始真空以将液 压油从液压泵站 5的液压油箱中经控制器 11吸到上腔 4a内； 如果控制油 缸 12往下带动起重臂 1下降时需要更大的力 （即控制油缸 12上腔压力的 推动力不够时），控制油缸上腔内的压力增高， 此时可向控制器 11发出信 号，让控制器 11关闭从蓄能油缸 4上腔回到液压泵站 5的液压油箱的通路， 同时打开从分配器 10到蓄能油缸 4上腔的通路，使得由液压泵 9供给的有 压液压油也能通过分配器 10和控制器 11输送到蓄能油缸 4的上腔。 也就 是说，此时控制器 11使蓄能油缸 4 的上腔与控制油缸 12上腔并联式地连 通，于是由控制油缸 12的一个上腔面积增加到多个油缸的上腔面积，这使 得油缸的上腔推力增大， 进一步推动它们的活塞向下运动， 从而增大推动 起重臂 1下降的作用力。这里， 例如， 当用设置在管路 27中或控制油缸上 腔内的传感器 26检测出控制油缸 12的上腔 12a内的压力高于预定值时， 表明所需的向下推力较大， 此时传感器 26发出信号通知控制器 11使控制 油缸 12的上腔与蓄能油缸 4的上腔连通以帮助推动起重臂 1下降。
这里应注意， 控制器 11也可以没有， 就是由分配器 10直接往控制油 缸 12上腔供给液压油，这时蓄能油缸 4上腔和液压泵站 5的液压油箱直接 连通而没有控制器 11控制；也可以是分配器 10直接往控制油缸 12上腔和 蓄能油缸 4上腔并联地供给液压油； 还可以是分配器 10直接往蓄能油缸 4 上腔供给液压油，这时控制油缸 12上腔与液压油箱直接连通，没有控制器 11控制。 这几种方式都能完成控制起重臂 1升降的作用， 只是控制起重臂 1升降的速度和推力不如有控制器 11时的效果好。
起重臂 1的提升和下降动作交替地往复进行，直到作业机械停止工作。 此时， 可关闭管路 6中的阀门 14， 以避免蓄能器 7中的有压液压油推动起 重臂， 在没人控制时自动上升。 另外， 也可为蓄能器 7配备单独的阀 18， 从而提高安全性和更换蓄能器时的便利性。
在起重臂 1上升和下降的工作过程中， 由蓄能器 7和蓄能油缸 4构成 的封闭系统中的压力因起重臂 1的升降而有所波动， 但由起重臂 1的重量 作用在蓄能油缸的活塞杆上的作用力也由于起重臂的升降而对应地波动， 因此由蓄能器 7内的液压油作用在蓄能油缸的活塞杆上的作用力始终维持 为与由起重臂 1的重量作用在蓄能油缸的活塞杆上的作用力基本平衡， 以 节省需要由发动机的液压系统提供的作用力和能量。 但是， 由蓄能器 7和 蓄能油缸 4构成的封闭系统中的压力的大小也可以根据需要来调节（例如 通过充气装置 21和 /或液压泵站 5的充放气和 /或充放油来进行） 。
上文中已描述了本发明的一个实施例， 但在本发明中蓄能油缸和控制 油缸的数量和相对位置不限于上述实施例中描述的情况， 而是可将任意适 当数量（例如， 一个、 两个或更多个）的蓄能油虹和任意适当数量（例如， 一个、两个或更多个）的控制油缸安装在起重臂 1的任一侧或中间或两侧， 并且蓄能油缸和控制油缸也可调换位置使用。
本发明利用由蓄能器和蓄能油缸构成的蓄能装置所储存的能量来基本 平衡起重臂自身的重量， 其中蓄能器和蓄能油缸本身构成一个完全封闭的 系统， 只起蓄能和能量释放的作用， 不用设置任何控制阀， 该系统若不发 生泄漏便可一直工作。 这样， 与现有技^ M目比， 作业机械本身的液压动力 系统（由发动机驱动）不再起全部的举升作用， 只是通过控制油缸对起重 臂的升降进行控制和提供部分推力。 由此， 本发明的起重臂升降系统结构 简单， 安装和操作方便， 可靠耐用， 并且可节省能量， 提高起重臂的工作 效率。
本发明的起重臂升降系统可应用于具有起重臂的任何作业机械， 例如 挖掘机、 装载机、 吊车等等。
显然， 对于本领域的技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的 情况下， 可对上文所公开的实施例作出各种修改和变型。 根据本说明书所 公开的对本发明的实践， 本发明的其它实施例对于本领域技术人员而言是 显而易见的。 本说明书及其公开的示例应被认为只是例示性的， 本发明的 真正范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种用于作业 的起重臂 (1)的升降系统， 包括：
用于在起重臂 ( 1 )下降时储存起重臂的重力势能和在起重臂（ 1 )上 升时利用所储存的能量举升起重臂的蓄能装置， 该蓄能装置包括蓄能油缸
( 4 )和蓄能器（ 7 )， 蓄能油缸（ 4 )具有由蓄能活塞（ 13 )分开的蓄能油 缸上腔（ )和蓄能油缸下腔（牝）， 以及与起重臂 ( 1 )操作连接的蓄能 活塞杆 (2) , 蓄能器（7) 内的上部空间充有有压气体 (20) , 其下部空 间充有有压液压油 （19)且与蓄能油缸下腔（4b)流体连通；
用于控制起重臂升降的控制油缸（ 12) , 控制油缸（ 12)具有由控制 活塞（ 22 )分开的控制油缸上腔（ 12a )和控制油缸下腔（ 12b )， 以及与 起重臂 ( 1 )操作连接的控制活 (23)；
用于通过分配器（ 10 )有选择地向控制油缸上腔（ 12a )或控制油缸下 腔（ 12b )供给有压^½油的 ¾^泵（ 9 )， 当 ¾^泵（ 9 )通过分配器（ 10 ) 向控制油缸上腔（ 12a )供给有压液压油时， 控制活塞杆 ( 23 )带动起重臂
(1)下降， 起重臂（1)的重量推压蓄能油缸 (4)的蓄能活^ f (2) , 将蓄能油缸下腔（ 4b )的液压油推入蓄能器（ 7 )下部空间中， 由此压缩蓄 能器（ 7 )上部空间内的气体以回收起重臂 ( 1 )的重力势能； 当液压泵（ 9 ) 通过分配器（ 10)向控制油缸下腔（ 12b )供给有压液压油时， 控制活塞杆
( 23 )带动起重臂 ( 1 )上升， 使蓄能活^ f ( 2 )被提升， 从而蓄能器（ 7 ) 上部空间内的压缩气体将蓄能器（ 7 )下部空间内的液压油推入蓄能油缸下 腔（ 4b ) , 由此幹放所回收的能量而推动蓄能活塞杆 ( 2 )向上升起起重臂
(1) 。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的升降系统， 其特^于， 蓄能器（7) 中所 充的气体和液压油的压力设定成使得蓄能器（ 7 )中的液压油作用在蓄能活 塞杆（ 2 )上的作用力与由起重臂 ( 1 )的重量作用在蓄能活塞杆（ 2 )上的 作用力基本平衡。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的升降系统， 其特^于， 蓄能器（7 ) 中所 充的气体和液压油的压力可才艮据需要进行调节。
4.根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的升降系统， 其特征在于， 还包 括控制器（ 11 )和传感器（ 26 )， 该控制器分别与液压泵（ 9 )所配备的分 配器（ 10 )、 蓄能油缸上腔（4a )、 控制油缸上腔（ l )和一液压油箱连 接并且构造成： 在液压泵（ 9 )要通过分配器（ 10 )向控制油缸上腔（ ) 供给液压油时打开从液压泵（ 9 )经分配器（ 10 )通向控制油缸上腔（ 12a ) 的通路以使得液压泵（ 9 )通过分配器（ 10 )和控制器（ 11 )向控制油缸上 腔（ 12a )供给有压液压油； 在起重臂 ( 1 )上升时打开蓄能油缸上腔（ 4a ) 通向液压油箱的通路以使得蓄能油缸上腔（ 4a )中的液压油经控制器（ 11 ) 回到液压油箱；在起重臂 ( 1 )下降时打开液压油箱通向蓄能油缸上腔（ 4a ) 的通路以使得液压油箱中的液压油经控制器（ 11 )被吸入到蓄能油缸上腔
( 4a )中； 以及在利用传感器（ 26 )检测出由液压泵（ 9 )通过分配器（ 10 ) 和控制器（ 11 )输入到控制油缸上腔（ 12a )内的 ί½油的压力高于预定值 时， 响应于传感器（26 )发出的信号而打开从液压泵（9 )经分配器（10 ) 通向蓄能油缸上腔（4a )的通路并关闭蓄能油缸上腔（4a )通向液压油箱 的通路， 以使得液压泵（ 9 )通过分配器（ 10 )和控制器（ 11 )同时向控制 油缸上腔（ l )和蓄能油缸上腔 ( 4a )供给有压液压油。
5.根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的升降系统， 其特征在于， 分配 器（10 ) 由作业^ ^的驾驶员通过操纵操作手柄控制， 以有选择地向控制 油缸上腔（ 12a )和 /或蓄能油缸上腔（4a )供给有压液压油或者向控制油 缸下腔（ 12b )供给有压液压油。
6.根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的升降系统， 其特征在于， 还包 括连接在蓄能器（ 7 )和蓄能油缸下腔（ 4b )之间以向它们供给有压气体的 充气装置（21 )和向它们供给有压液压油的液压泵站（5 ) 。
7.根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的升降系统， 其特征在于， 还包 热器（ 29 )， 该散热器连接在蓄能器（ 7 )和蓄能油缸下腔（牝 )之间 的液压油通路上以对液压油进行散热。
8.根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的升降系统， 其特征在于， 控制 油缸（ 12)的数量为一个或多个， 蓄能油缸（4)的数量为一个或多个， 并 且控制油缸（ I2)与蓄能油缸 (4)可调换位置使用。
9.根据权利要求 8所述的升降系统， 其特 ii^于， 在起重臂（ 1)的 下方并行地安装有一个控制油缸（12)和分别位于该控制油缸两侧的两个 蓄能油缸（ 4 ) 。
10. 一种作业机械， 包括起重臂 ( 1 )和根据权利要求 1至 9中任一项 所述的升降系统。
11. 一种利用根据权利要求 1所述的用于作业机械的起重臂的升降系 统来使作业机械的起重臂 ( 1 )升降的方法， 包括：
a)在蓄能器（7)的上部空间内填充有压气体 (20) , 在其下部空间 和与之流体连通的蓄能油缸下腔 b)内填充有压 ¾ ^油 （19)；
b )使液压泵（ 9 )通过分配器（ 10 )向控制油缸上腔（ 12a )供给有压 液压油， 以使控制活塞杆 ( 23 )带动起重臂 ( 1 )下降， 从而起重臂 ( 1 ) 的重量推压蓄能油虹 (4)的蓄能活塞杆 (2) , 将蓄能油缸下腔（4b)的 液压油推入蓄能器（7)下部空间中， 由此压缩蓄能器（7)上部空间内的 气体以回收起重臂 ( 1 )的重力势能；
c )使液压泵（ 9 )通过分配器（ 10 )向控制油缸下腔（ 1 )供给有压 液压油， 以使控制活塞杆 ( 23 )带动起重臂 ( 1 )上升， 使蓄能活塞杆 ( 2 ) 被提升， 从而蓄能器（7)上部空间内的压缩气体将蓄能器（7)下部空间 内的液压油推入蓄能油缸下腔（4b) , 由此释放所回收的能量而推动蓄能 活塞杆 (2)向上升起起重臂（ 1 )。
12.根据权利要求 11所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述步骤 a) 中将 蓄能器（7) 中所充的气体和液压油的压力设定成使得蓄能器（7) 中的液 压油作用在蓄能活塞杆 (2)上的作用力与由起重臂（1)的重量作用在蓄 能活塞杆 ( 2 )上的作用力基本平衡。
13.根据权利要求 11或 12所述的方法， 其特 于， 所述升降系统 还包括控制器（ 11 )和传感器（ 26 ) , 该控制器分别与液压泵（ 9 )所配备 的分配器（ 10)、 蓄能油虹上腔（4a)、 控制油缸上腔（ 12a)和一液压油 箱连接， 所述方法还包括： 在液压泵（ 9 )要通过分配器（ 10 )向控制油缸 上腔（ 12a)供给液压油时利用控制器（ 11 )打开从液压泵（9)经分配器
( 10 )通向控制油缸上腔（ )的通路以使得液压泵（ 9 )通过分配器（ 10 ) 和控制器（ 11 )向控制油缸上腔（ 12a )供给有压液压油； 在起重臂 ( 1 ) 上升时使蓄能油缸上腔 a)中的液压油经控制器（11)回到液压油箱； 在起重臂（ 1 )下降时使液压油箱中的液压油经控制器（ 11 )被吸入到蓄能 油缸上腔（4a)中； 以及在利用传感器（26)检测出由液压泵（9)通过分 配器（ 10)和控制器（ 11 )输入到控制油缸上腔（ 12a)内的液压油的压力 高于预定值时，让传感器（26)向控制器（11)发出信号，使得控制器（11) 打开从液压泵（ 9 )经分配器（ 10 )通向蓄能油虹上腔（ 4a )的通路并关闭 蓄能油缸上腔 ( 4a )通向液压油箱的通路， 以使得液压泵（ 9 )通过分配器
(10)和控制器（11) 同时向控制油缸上腔（12a)和蓄能油缸上腔（4a) 供给有压^^油。
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US9638217B2 (en) 2017-05-02
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