WO2012126190A1 - 节能型液压绞车 - Google Patents

节能型液压绞车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012126190A1
WO2012126190A1 PCT/CN2011/072997 CN2011072997W WO2012126190A1 WO 2012126190 A1 WO2012126190 A1 WO 2012126190A1 CN 2011072997 W CN2011072997 W CN 2011072997W WO 2012126190 A1 WO2012126190 A1 WO 2012126190A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
hydraulic
clutch
piston
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/072997
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡世璇
Original Assignee
Hu Shixuan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201110070873.6A external-priority patent/CN102718161B/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201110071185 external-priority patent/CN102205931B/zh
Application filed by Hu Shixuan filed Critical Hu Shixuan
Publication of WO2012126190A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012126190A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02Driving gear
    • B66D1/08Driving gear incorporating fluid motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/065Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02Driving gear
    • B66D1/14Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/023Cooling of brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/06Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch
    • F16D25/062Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces
    • F16D25/063Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially
    • F16D25/0635Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D25/0638Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D55/26Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
    • F16D55/36Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
    • F16D55/40Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side actuated by a fluid-pressure device arranged in or one the brake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/78Features relating to cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0058Fully lined, i.e. braking surface extending over the entire disc circumference
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a winch for winding a wire rope, and more particularly to an energy-saving hydraulic winch. Background technique
  • the inventors have proposed a clutch named "the final stage of the transmission.”
  • the technology of the hydraulic winch (license number CN 101190770 B) uses a hydraulic clutch placed in the drum and at the end of the system drive chain. The planet carrier of the planetary gear reducer rubs against the spline shaft of the clutch and the drive clutch.
  • the piston of the piece is an integrated structure; the patented patent effectively solves the aforementioned problems, and also makes the frame less susceptible to wear by the axial force coupling, and improves the mechanical efficiency and prolongs the service life; but in the long-term production practice and use During the process, it was found that there are still some shortcomings: 1. Relative friction between the clutch friction plates, gear transmission in the planetary gear reducer, brake braking, etc., all of which will generate a large amount of heat, due to the clutch, reducer, brake They are all located in the reel, the space is closed, and the heat is difficult to spread to the outside, causing the temperature rise inside the reel. Severe, especially in hot environments, the temperature inside the drum is higher.
  • the excessive temperature causes the clutch performance to decrease, which affects the stable operation of the winch.
  • the debris caused by the friction of the clutch friction plate is deposited on the surface of the reel and the friction plate.
  • the spline shaft of the clutch is splined with the final stage planet carrier, and the fixed structure of the other end is sleeved on the oil conveying shaft, so that the spline shaft is in a suspended state, and there is insufficient radial positioning.
  • the problem is that the parallelism between the fixed friction plate and the dynamic friction plate on the spline shaft is insufficient, and the clutching and noise are generated during operation, thereby affecting the clutch performance of the clutch; 4.
  • the clutch outer cylinder is fixed on the coil
  • the inner wall of the middle part of the cylinder and the structure of the reel fixed on the support shaft through the bearing, so that the vibration of the clutch is directly transmitted to the reel to make the reel unstable, and the structure is not compact enough, and it is difficult to assemble and disassemble; 5.
  • Supporting shaft and The structure of the oil transfer shaft is arranged between the spline shafts, and the structure is complicated and inconvenient to install.
  • the winch in order to improve efficiency and save energy consumption, the winch usually has a free-release function, and the free-release function includes two working states, one is that the empty hook without the heavy object is freely lowered, and the other is that the heavy hook of the heavy object is freely lowered.
  • the speed control and braking during the early release of the heavy hook is achieved by using a special brake placed outside the drum and mounted on the frame.
  • This structure not only increases the size of the winch, Length and weight, and the planet carrier and gear in the reel are in a rotating state under the working condition, which increases the resistance, so that the winch can not realize the function of freely releasing the empty hook, and there are also insufficient structure and expensive production.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving hydraulic winch that can dissipate heat for a clutch and a planetary gear reducer, especially for a clutch friction plate;
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic winch that utilizes the potential energy of a heavy object, the frictional resistance of a friction clutch of a hydraulic clutch in the drum, and the speed control and braking of the free weight of the weight;
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic winch having a high degree of parallelism between the clutch fixed friction plate and the movable friction plate, better clutch performance, and more stable operation;
  • Energy-saving hydraulic winch including a frame, a reel, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic control system, and a hydraulic brake, a planetary gear reducer provided in the reel And a hydraulic clutch;
  • the hydraulic clutch includes an outer cylinder, a fixed friction plate, a dynamic friction plate, and a clutch cylinder that drives the two friction plates
  • the clutch cylinder includes a cylinder, a piston, and a disc spring, and the fixed friction plate and the dynamic friction plate are alternately disposed outside.
  • a cooling system is further disposed on the cylinder and the piston;
  • the cooling system includes a cooling chamber and a liquid supply system for supplying a circulating cooling medium to the cooling chamber;
  • the cooling chamber includes a cavity disposed in a middle portion of the piston and is contained outside the clutch friction plate a cavity;
  • a circumference of the piston is provided with a plurality of liquid guiding holes connecting the inner cavity and the outer cavity, and the liquid guiding hole is located on the piston section on which the dynamic friction plate is disposed.
  • the liquid supply system, the inner cavity, the liquid guiding hole and the outer cavity form a circulation system, and the refrigerant medium flows in the circulation system, and the fixed friction plate and the dynamic friction plate immersed in the outer cavity are cooled, so that the friction plate is in a better work.
  • the flowing cooling medium can take away impurities such as debris generated by the clutch friction plate, so that the impurities attached to the friction plate are cleaned, in particular, the friction surface is kept clean;
  • the cooling medium in the outer chamber absorbs heat from the outer casing and brake housing of the planetary gear reducer, which reduces the temperature inside the reducer and brake.
  • the liquid supply system includes a pump, and the pump supplies liquid to the cooling chamber through the oil inlet circuit.
  • the pump supplies liquid to the cooling chamber through the oil inlet circuit.
  • different cooling media can be selected and replaced according to the specific use environment to achieve better heat dissipation.
  • the liquid inlet circuit of the liquid supply system is directly connected to the oil return passage of the main hydraulic system, and the back pressure of the return oil passage is used to supply the cooling chamber, and the flow rate is controlled by the throttle valve;
  • the back pressure of the return oil passage is 0.2-0.8 MPa.
  • the back pressure control of the oil return passage is 0. 2 - 0. 8 Mpa, and the cooling medium can be flowed in the cooling system at a suitable flow rate without affecting the hydraulic control system; Simplify the liquid supply structure and reduce costs.
  • the back pressure of the oil return of the hydraulic control system is not less than 0. 2MPa.
  • the hydraulic circuit of the clutch cylinder is provided with a control circuit for freely releasing the empty hook or a control circuit for freely releasing the heavy hook;
  • the control circuit for freely releasing the empty hook includes a pressure reducing valve, a check valve, a two-position three-way reversing valve And one-way speed regulating valve;
  • the control circuit of the free-hook free-returning includes a pressure reducing valve, a one-way valve, a two-position three-way reversing valve and an electro-hydraulic proportional pressure regulating valve, and the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure regulating valve is pedal-type or Manual.
  • the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic clutch cylinder can be controlled by the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure regulating valve. Therefore, when the heavy load is lowered, the hydraulic clutch can be regarded as the brake working condition, and the braking torque and the clutch cylinder are at this time.
  • the pressure is proportional, so that as the brake torque changes, the speed at which the hook can be freely lowered can be adjusted, and the brake can be achieved at any position of the lowering; this clutch friction using the hydraulic clutch in the drum
  • the speed control and braking method when the weight is freely lowered, the braking torque of the reducer is reduced, the gear in the planetary gear reducer is less impacted, and the service life is prolonged.
  • the overall structure is compact; in addition, the replacement of the hydraulic clutch friction plate is convenient, and the maintenance and maintenance costs are low.
  • the frame is fixed with a support shaft coaxially disposed with the outer cylinder and the piston, and the outer cylinder is fixed to the middle of the support shaft by a bearing, and the right end of the piston is hollow and is sleeved on the support through the bearing.
  • the end and the left end of the shaft are provided with a spline and the spline is connected with the planet carrier output end of the planetary gear reducer to form a floating spline connection, the spline being an involute spline; the reel is of equal diameter
  • the cylindrical structure of the two ends of the hole penetrates, and one end is fixed to the outer cylinder, and the other end is sleeved on the outer casing of the hydraulic brake through a bearing.
  • the outer cylinder and the piston are fixed on the support shaft, so that the outer cylinder and the piston are easy to have high coaxiality, and the dynamic friction plate and the fixed friction plate respectively disposed on the outer cylinder and the piston also have high parallelism, so that the dynamic friction Good contact between the piece and the fixed friction plate, making the clutch performance stable and reliable; Piston and Planet
  • the connection of the frame is a floating connection, which makes the coaxiality between the carrier and the piston less demanding, which is beneficial to the manufacture, assembly and, more importantly, the shape error in the manufacture of various transmission parts in the entire transmission chain.
  • the problem of large differential shafts between the drive output of the brake and the planetary reducer and the clutch can be solved by a floating spline connection.
  • the existing reel has a structure with one end fully open and the other end semi-closed, and the semi-closed end has a plurality of inwardly extending side walls, and the presence of the side wall limits the assembly operation space of the reducer and the clutch in the reel. Therefore, it is preferable that the reel has a cylindrical structure in which the inner diameter holes of the equal diameter penetrate the both ends. With this construction, both ends of the reel are fully open, providing greater operating space for assembly and disassembly of components within the reel.
  • the support shaft is provided with a first oil port communicating with the inner cavity, a second oil port communicating with the outer cavity, and a third oil port communicating with the cavity of the clutch oil chamber A.
  • the oil port is placed on the support shaft, which is easy to process and easy to lay the pipe.
  • the outer circumference of the outer cylinder is stepped, and the stepped section forms a liquid guiding cavity with the inner wall of the drum, and the outer cylinder is provided with a hole communicating with the liquid guiding cavity at an end remote from the planetary gear reducer.
  • the cooling medium flows through the liquid guiding chamber, which absorbs the heat of the reel and removes impurities deposited on the bottom of the reel.
  • the cylinder is provided with an annular shoulder, and the outer circumference of the annular shoulder is matched with the inner wall of the drum, and is provided with a plastic ring seal.
  • the annular shoulder divides the outer cavity to make the cooling medium more uniform in each part of the outer cavity, and is also easy to control the flow rate of the cooling medium; the annular shoulder can be provided with a liquid passing hole, and the liquid passing hole can adjust the cooling medium in the outer cavity.
  • the hydraulic brake comprises a casing, a brake main shaft, a brake lining, a brake disc spring, and a brake piston that can abut against a sidewall of the brake lining; a middle portion of the brake piston and the outer casing are formed
  • the operating chamber B is provided with a brake oil passage that opens into the brake oil chamber B.
  • This brake structure provides reliable braking and a more compact structure.
  • the outer casing is provided with a brake block, one side wall of the brake block is opposite to the brake friction plate, and the other side wall is provided.
  • There is a planar bearing and the planar bearing is connected to the planet carrier.
  • This structure integrates the planet carrier directly with the hydraulic brake, and the planar bearing acts as the axial limit of the planet carrier, which simplifies the structure of the planetary gear reducer and makes the hydraulic brake and the planetary gear reducer more integrated and reduced.
  • the volume of the brakes and reducer makes it easier to build the brake and reducer into the reel.
  • the left end of the sun gear of the planetary gear reducer extends as a shaft, the shaft being provided with a spline and being pivotally connected to the brake spindle by the spline.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the fixed friction plate and the dynamic friction plate of the clutch can be effectively cooled, so that the friction plate is at a better working temperature, thereby ensuring the performance stability of the clutch;
  • the flowing cooling medium can take away impurities such as debris generated by the clutch friction plate, so that the friction surface of the friction plate remains clean;
  • the outer cylinder and the piston are fixed on the support shaft through the bearing, so that the outer cylinder and the piston have high coaxiality, so that the dynamic friction plate and the fixed friction plate have high parallelism and good contact, so that the clutch clutch performance Stable and reliable;
  • the fully open reel structure at both ends allows the clutch, reducer and brake in the reel to have a larger mating operation space, making it easier to install and disassemble;
  • the vibration and impact of the clutch can be transferred directly to the frame through the support shaft, so that the operation of the reel is less affected by the impact, thus improving the stability of the reel operation;
  • Figure 1 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is another hydraulic schematic of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of an oil ring
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a portion I of Figure 3. Best way of implementing the invention
  • Example 1 The energy-saving hydraulic winch of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 5, includes a frame, a reel 13, a hydraulic motor 20, a hydraulic control block 1, a cooling system, a hydraulic control system, and a roll. a hydraulic brake, a planetary gear reducer 4 and a hydraulic clutch in the cylinder 13; the hydraulic clutch includes an outer cylinder 11, a fixed friction plate 10, a dynamic friction plate 9, and a clutch cylinder that drives the two friction plates, the clutch cylinder includes a cylinder 12, a piston 7 And the disc spring 14.
  • the middle portion of the cylinder block 12 is provided with a side wall, and the side wall and the piston 7 are provided with a clutch oil chamber.
  • the disc spring 14 is fixed to the piston 7 by a stopper 15.
  • the cooling system comprises a cooling chamber and a liquid supply system for supplying a circulating cooling medium to the cooling chamber;
  • the cooling chamber comprises a cavity D disposed in the middle of the piston 7 and an outer cavity C containing the clutch friction plate;
  • the piston 7 has a plurality of connections on the circumference thereof.
  • the inner cavity D and the liquid guiding hole 30 of the outer cavity C are located on the piston section on which the dynamic friction plate 9 is disposed.
  • the liquid supply system includes a pump M, and the pump M supplies liquid to the cooling chamber through the oil inlet circuit; and the return oil passage of the liquid supply system is provided with a return oil filter N.
  • the support shaft 17 is provided with a first port Q communicating with the inner chamber D, a second port 0' communicating with the outer chamber C, and a third port L connecting the chamber of the clutch oil chamber A.
  • the outer circumference of the outer cylinder 11 is stepped, and the stepped portion forms a liquid guiding chamber 31 with the inner wall of the reel 13, and the outer cylinder 11 is provided with a hole 34 communicating with the liquid guiding chamber 31 at an end remote from the planetary gear reducer 4.
  • the cylinder block 12 is provided with an annular shoulder 32.
  • the annular shoulder 32 is provided with a liquid-passing hole 33.
  • the outer circumference of the annular shoulder 32 is matched with the inner wall of the reel 13 and is sealed by a plastic ring.
  • the hydraulic circuit of the clutch cylinder is provided with a control circuit for freely releasing the empty hook or a control circuit for freely releasing the heavy hook.
  • the control circuit for freely releasing the empty hook includes a pressure reducing valve 41, a check valve 42, a two-position three-way switching valve 43 and a one-way speed regulating valve 44; in operation, the two-position three-way switching valve 43 switches the passage, the hydraulic oil
  • the one-way speed regulating valve 44 enters the clutch cylinder, and the cylinder block 12 moves and compresses the disc spring 14, so that the friction plate 10 and the dynamic friction plate 9 are fixed. Separating, the winch reel 13 enters the free-release working state.
  • the two-position three-way reversing valve 43 is reset, and the hydraulic oil in the clutch cylinder flows back to the fuel tank through the one-way speed regulating valve 44.
  • the speed regulating valve 44 controls the speed of the oil return, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the reel 13, so that the reel 13 is relatively smoothly stopped at the target position, thereby avoiding the impact and chattering phenomenon at the time of stopping.
  • the control circuit for freely releasing the heavy hook includes a pressure reducing valve 51, a check valve 52, a two-position three-way switching valve 53 and an electro-hydraulic proportional pressure regulating valve 54, which is a pedal type or a manual type. .
  • a pressure reducing valve 51 When the hook is freely lowered, the two-position three-way reversing valve 53 switches the passage, and the hydraulic oil enters the clutch cylinder through the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure regulating valve 54.
  • the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure regulating valve 54 can control the oil pressure in the clutch cylinder.
  • the friction between the fixed friction plate 10 and the dynamic friction plate 9 is controllable, so that the hydraulic clutch can be used as a brake condition, and the braking torque and the cylinder are
  • the pressure is proportional, so that as the brake torque changes, the speed at which the hook can be freely lowered can be adjusted, and the brake can be achieved at any position of the lowering.
  • a support shaft 17 is fixed to the frame.
  • the support shaft 17 is coaxially disposed with the outer cylinder 11 and the piston 7.
  • the outer cylinder 11 is fixed in the middle of the support shaft 17 by a bearing 16, and the right end of the piston 7 is hollow and passes through the bearing.
  • 21 is disposed at an end of the support shaft 17, and has a spline at a left end thereof, and the spline is coupled to the output end of the carrier 5 of the planetary gear reducer 4 to form a spline connection, the spline connection is a floating connection, the spline It is an involute spline; the end of the reel 13 is fixed to the outer cylinder 11, and the other end is supported by the outer casing 29 of the hydraulic brake via the bearing 3.
  • a sealed end cap 6 is provided at the left end of the intermediate hole of the piston 7.
  • the support shaft 17 is provided with a clutch oil passage L that opens into the clutch oil chamber A.
  • the clutch friction plate includes a fixed friction plate 10 and a dynamic friction plate 9.
  • An oil ring 22 is disposed between the support shaft 17 and the piston 7; the oil ring 22 is tightly fitted with the support shaft 17, and constitutes a sliding bearing structure with the support shaft 17.
  • the oil ring 22 is provided with an outer ring groove 222, an inner ring groove 221 communicating with the clutch oil passage L port, and an oil guiding hole L1 connecting the outer ring groove 222 and the inner ring groove 221, and the inner ring groove 221
  • the outer ring grooves 222 are respectively located on the inner and outer circumferences of the oil ring 22 and are both annular grooves.
  • the frame includes a left bracket 2, a right bracket 19, and a housing 29 of the hydraulic brake is fixed to the left bracket 2, and the support shaft 17 is fixed to the right bracket 19.
  • the reel 13 is a cylindrical structure in which the inner diameter holes of the equal diameter penetrate the both ends.
  • the outer circumference of the right end of the outer cylinder 11 is provided with an outer side wall 131, and the right end of the reel 13 is fixedly coupled to the outer side wall 131, and the outer edge of the outer side wall 131 protrudes from the outer circumferential surface of the reel 13.
  • the right end of the outer cylinder 11 is provided with an inner side wall 132, and the inner side wall 132 is fixed to the support shaft 17 by a bearing 16.
  • the hydraulic brake includes a housing 29, a brake spindle 28, a brake lining 26, a brake disc spring 27, and a brake piston 36 that can abut against the sidewall of the brake lining 26; between the middle of the brake piston 36 and the housing 29 A brake chamber B is provided, and the outer casing 29 is provided with a brake oil passage P4 that opens into the brake oil chamber B.
  • a brake block 25 is disposed in the outer casing 29, the side wall of the brake block 25 is opposite to the brake lining 26, and the other side wall is provided with a plane bearing 24 and is driven by the plane bearing 24 and the carrier 5. connection.
  • the left end of the sun gear 38 of the planetary gear reducer 4 extends as a shaft, the shaft being provided with a spline and with which the spline is coupled to the brake main shaft 28.
  • the brake disc spring 27 is compressively disposed between the brake piston 36 and the brake end cap 37.
  • a ring gear 24 is disposed at a right end of the outer cylinder 11, and the ring gear 24 is disposed coaxially with the support shaft 17; the support shaft 17
  • the right bracket 19 is fixedly coupled, and the right bracket 19 is provided with a rotating shaft 18, and the rotating shaft 18 is provided with a gear 23 meshing with the ring gear 24.
  • the right end of the outer cylinder 11 is provided with an inner side wall 132.
  • the inner side wall 132 is fixed to the support shaft 17 by a bearing 16, and the inner side wall 132 is provided with a boss on which the ring gear 24 is fixed.
  • the liquid inlet circuit of the liquid supply system is directly connected to the oil return passage of the main hydraulic system, and the back pressure of the return oil passage is used to supply the cooling chamber, and the flow rate is controlled by the throttle valve 45;
  • the oil pressure is 0. 2 - 0. 8 MPa.
  • the rest are the same as in the first embodiment.

Description

节能型液压绞车 技术领域
本发明涉及一种卷绕钢丝绳的绞车, 尤其是涉及一种节能型液压绞车。 背景技术
为解决液压绞车存在的联接结构复杂加工困难、 动力轴受力不平衡、 机 架上承受轴向推力和无法实现离合器部件模块化的问题, 本发明人提出了名 为 "传动末级有离合器的液压绞车" (授权公告号 CN 101190770 B ) 的技术, 其采用的液压离合器设置在卷筒内并处在系统传动链的末端, 行星齿轮减速 器的行星架与离合器的花键轴及驱动离合器摩擦片的活塞为一体化的结构; 该授权专利有效地解决了前述问题, 还使机架受轴向力联结处不易磨损, 并 提高了机械效率、 延长了使用寿命; 但在长期生产实践和使用过程中, 发现 其仍存在一些不足: 1、 离合器摩擦片之间的相对摩擦、 行星齿轮减速器内的 齿轮传动、 制动器的制动等动作, 均会制造大量热量, 由于离合器、 减速器、 制动器均设于卷筒内, 空间封闭, 热量难以向外界扩散, 造成卷筒内温升严 重, 尤其是炎热环境下, 卷筒内温度更高, 过高的温度导致离合器性能下降, 影响绞车的稳定运行; 2、 离合器摩擦片摩擦造成的碎屑, 沉积在卷筒及摩擦 片表面, 严重影响离合器的性能; 3、离合器的花键轴与末级行星架花键连接、 另一端套在输油轴上的固定结构, 使花键轴处于悬置的状态, 存在径向定位 不足的问题, 易导致花键轴上的定摩擦片与动摩擦片的平行度不足, 在运转 时产生跳动和噪音, 从而影响离合器的离合性能; 4、 其离合器外筒固定在卷 筒中部的内壁上、 卷筒通过轴承固定在支承轴上的结构, 使离合器的震动直 接传递到卷筒使卷筒运行不稳定, 还使结构不够紧凑、 不易装配和拆卸; 5、 支承轴与花键轴之间设置输油轴的结构, 结构复杂、 安装不便。
另外, 为提高效率、 节省能源消耗, 绞车通常具有自由下放功能, 自由 下放功能包括两种工作状态, 其一是不挂重物的空钩自由下放, 其二是挂重 物的重钩自由下放; 较早的重钩自由下放过程中的速度控制和制动, 是采用 设置在卷筒外部、 机壳安装在机架上的专用制动器来实现的, 这种结构不但 加大了绞车的体积、 长度和重量, 而且卷筒内行星架和齿轮在下放工况中处 于转动状态, 从而增加了阻力, 使这种绞车无法实现空钩自由下放的功能, 另外还存在结构复杂、制作成本昂贵的不足; 因此, 本发明人提出了名为 "集 成式自由下放速度可控的液压绞车"(授权公告号 CN 2876042 Y)技术, 其通过 在卷筒外部设置带式制动器, 可控制自由下放的速度, 但存在结构复杂、 占 用卷筒外部空间的不足。 发明的公开
本发明主要目的是提供一种可为离合器、 行星齿轮减速器散热, 尤其是 对离合器摩擦片散热的节能型液压绞车;
本发明另一目的是提供一种利用重物的势能、 卷筒内液压离合器摩擦片 的摩擦阻力, 对重物自由下放进行速度控制和制动的液压绞车;
本发明再一目的是提供一种离合器定摩擦片与动摩擦片具有较高平行 度、 离合器性能更良好、 运行更稳定的液压绞车;
本发明再一目的是提供一种结构更紧凑、 更易于装配和拆卸的液压绞车。 本发明的上述技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的: 节能型液 压绞车, 包括机架、 卷筒、 液压马达、 液压控制系统, 以及设于卷筒内的液 压制动器、 行星齿轮减速器和液压离合器; 所述液压离合器包括外筒、 定摩 擦片、 动摩擦片以及驱动两摩擦片离合的离合器油缸, 所述离合器油缸包括 缸体、 活塞以及碟簧, 定摩擦片、 动摩擦片交错设置在外筒、 活塞上; 其外, 还设有冷却系统, 该冷却系统包括冷却腔和给冷却腔供给循环冷却介质的供 液系统; 冷却腔包括设于活塞中部的内腔、 包容离合摩擦片的外腔; 所述活 塞的圆周上设有若干个连通内腔和外腔的导液孔, 该导液孔位于设置动摩擦 片的活塞段上。 供液系统、 内腔、 导液孔、 外腔构成一个循环系统, 制冷介 质在该循环系统中流动, 对浸没在外腔中的定摩擦片、 动摩擦片进行冷却, 使摩擦片处于较佳的工作温度, 由此保证了离合器的性能; 其次, 流动的冷 却介质可带走离合摩擦片产生的碎屑等杂质, 使摩擦片上附着的杂质被清理 干净, 尤其是使摩擦面保持清洁状态; 再次, 外腔中的冷却介质可对行星齿 轮减速器的外壳、 制动器外壳吸热, 使减速器、 制动器内部的温度得以下降。
作为优选, 所述供液系统包括泵, 由泵通过进油回路给冷却腔供液。 以 泵供液的方式, 可根据具体使用环境, 选择并更换不同的冷却介质, 以取得 较好的散热效果。
作为上述泵供液的等同方案, 供液系统的进液回路直接连接于主液压系 统的回油油道, 利用回油油道的背压给冷却腔供液, 并通过节流阀控制流量; 回油油道的背压为 0.2— 0.8 MPa。 回油油道的背压控制为 0. 2— 0. 8 Mpa, 可 在不影响液压控制系统的情况下, 使冷却介质能以合适流速在冷却系统中进 行流动; 这种供液方式, 可简化供液结构, 降低成本。 为了取得较好的散热 效果, 能靠流动的介质冲走摩擦片碎屑等杂质, 液压控制系统的回油油道的 背压不小于 0. 2MPa。
作为优选, 离合器油缸的液压回路上设有空钩自由下放的控制回路或重 钩自由下放的控制回路; 空钩自由下放的控制回路包括减压阀、 单向阀、 二 位三通换向阀和单向调速阀; 重钩自由下放的控制回路包括减压阀、 单向阀、 二位三通换向阀和电液比例调压阀, 该电液比例调压阀为脚踏式或手动式。 重钩自由下放时, 利用电液比例调压阀使液压离合器油缸中油压实现可控, 因此在重载下放时, 可将液压离合器当做制动器工况, 此时其制动扭矩与离 合器油缸中的压力成比例, 因此, 随着制动扭矩大小的变化, 重钩自由下放 的速度可调节, 且可以在下放的任意位置上实现制动; 这种利用卷筒内的液 压离合器的离合摩擦力进行重物自由下放时的速度控制和制动的方式, 减轻 了减速器的所承受的制动扭矩, 使行星齿轮减速器内的齿轮所受的冲击较小, 延长了其使用寿命, 同时还使整体结构紧凑; 另外, 液压离合器摩擦片的更 换比较方便, 维修和维护成本较低。
作为优选, 所述机架上固定有支承轴, 该支承轴与外筒、 活塞同轴设置, 外筒通过轴承固定在该支承轴的中部, 活塞的右端为中空并通过轴承套设于 该支承轴的端部、 左端设有花键并以该花键与行星齿轮减速器的行星架输出 端构成浮动的花键连接, 该花键为渐开线花键; 所述卷筒为等直径内孔贯通 两端的筒体结构, 其一端固定于外筒、 另一端通过轴承套设在液压制动器的 外壳上。 外筒和活塞都固定于支承轴上, 使外筒和活塞易于具有较高的同轴 度, 分别设于外筒和活塞上的动摩擦片和定摩擦片亦具有较高的平行度, 使 动摩擦片和定摩擦片可获得良好的接触, 使离合性能稳定可靠; 活塞与行星 架的连接为浮动连接, 使行星架与活塞之间的同轴度要求较低, 利于制造、 装配, 更重要的是, 在整个传动链中, 由于各种传动零部件制造中的形位误 差, 而造成制动器和行星减速器的传动输出端与离合器之间存在较大的不同 轴度的问题, 可通过浮动的花键连接来解决。 由于支承轴固定在机架上, 因 此离合器运作时震动、 冲击, 均直接通过支承轴转移到机架上, 而非卷筒上, 使卷筒的运转受冲击的影响较小, 从而提高了卷筒运行的稳定性。 另外, 这 种结构充分地利用了卷筒的内部空间, 使整体结构更加紧凑。 现有的卷筒为 一端全开口、 另一端半封闭的结构, 半封闭端多有向内延伸的侧壁, 该侧壁 的存在, 限制了卷筒内的减速器、 离合器的装配操作空间, 因此作为优选, 所述卷筒为等直径内孔贯通两端的筒体结构。 这种结构, 卷筒两端均为全敞 开式, 为卷筒内的零部件装配和拆卸提供了更大的操作空间。
作为优选, 所述支承轴设有连通于内腔的第一油口、 连通于外腔的第二 油口以及连通于离合油腔 A腔的第三油口。 将油口设于支承轴上, 易于加工, 并易于布设管道。
为了提高冷却效果, 所述外筒的外圆周为阶梯状, 其阶梯段与卷筒内壁 形成导液腔, 外筒在远离行星齿轮减速器的一端设有与导液腔相通的孔。 冷 却介质流过导液腔, 既可吸收卷筒的热量, 又可带走沉积在卷筒底部的杂质。
为了进一步提高散热效果, 所述油缸上设有环形凸肩, 环形凸肩的外周 与卷筒内壁间隙配合, 并设塑料环密封。 环形凸肩将外腔分割开来, 使冷却 介质在外腔各部分布的更均匀, 也易于控制冷却介质的流速; 环形凸肩上可 设有通液孔, 通液孔可调节冷却介质在外腔中的流动方向, 根据不同部位的 需要选择控制冷却介质在外腔的流量分布。 作为优选, 所述液压制动器包括外壳、 制动主轴、 制动摩擦片、 制动碟 簧, 以及可抵靠在制动摩擦片侧壁的制动活塞; 制动活塞中部与外壳间设有 制动腔 B , 外壳上设有通入该制动油腔 B的制动油道。这种制动结构, 制动可 靠、 结构更紧凑。 为了进一步提高整体结构的紧凑度、 整体结构的集约度, 作为优选, 所述外壳内设有制动挡块, 该制动挡块一侧壁与制动摩擦片相抵、 另一侧壁上设有平面轴承并以该平面轴承与行星架构成传动连接。 这种结构, 将行星架直接与液压制动器集成, 由平面轴承作为行星架的轴向限位, 从而 简化了行星齿轮减速器的结构, 使液压制动器与行星齿轮减速器的集成度更 高, 减少了制动器和减速器的体积, 使制动器和减速器更易于内置于卷筒。 作为优选, 所述行星齿轮减速器的太阳轮左端延伸为轴, 该轴设有花键并以 该花键与制动主轴构成传动连接。 这种结构, 结构简单、 可靠, 尤其是更进 一步地简化了整体结构。
因此, 本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、 可对离合器的定摩擦片、 动摩擦片进行有效地冷却, 使摩擦片处于较 佳的工作温度, 由此保证了离合器性能稳定性;
2、 流动的冷却介质可带走离合摩擦片产生的碎屑等杂质, 使摩擦片的摩 擦面保持清洁状态;
3、 可对行星齿轮减速器的外壳、 制动器外壳吸热, 使减速器、 制动器内 部的温度得以下降;
4、 利用卷筒内的液压离合器的离合摩擦力进行重物自由下放时速度控制 和制动, 控制稳定、 制动可靠, 有效地减轻了减速器的制动力矩, 延长了减 速器内齿轮的使用寿命, 降低了维护和维修成本; 另外, 无需为重钩自由下 方另外设置专用的制动装置, 使整体结构紧凑;
5、 外筒和活塞都通过轴承固定在支承轴上, 使外筒和活塞具有较高的同 轴度, 使动摩擦片和定摩擦片具有较高的平行度而接触良好, 使离合器的离 合性能稳定可靠; 两端完全开口式的卷筒结构, 使卷筒内的离合器、 减速器、 制动器有了更大的转配操作空间, 使之更易于安装和拆卸;
6、 离合器运作时的震动、 冲击, 均可直接通过支承轴转移到机架上, 使 卷筒的运转受冲击的影响较小, 从而提高了卷筒运行的稳定性;
7、 外筒和活塞都通过轴承固定在支承轴上的结构充分地利用了卷筒的内 部空间, 使整体结构更加紧凑; 具有集成度较高的液压制动器和减速器结构, 简化了行星齿轮减速器的轴向限位结构, 节约了卷筒内部空间。 附图说明
附图 1是本发明的一种液压原理图;
附图 2是本发明的另一种液压原理图;
附图 3是本发明的一种结构示意图;
附图 4是油环的一种结构示意图;
附图 5是附图 3的 I处放大图。 实施本发明的最佳方法
下面通过具体实施例, 并结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的 说明。
实施例 1 本发明节能型液压绞车, 如附图 1、 附图 3、 附图 5所示, 其包括机架、 卷 筒 13、 液压马达 20、 液压控制块 1、 冷却系统、 液压控制系统以及设于卷筒 13 内的液压制动器、 行星齿轮减速器 4和液压离合器; 液压离合器包括外筒 11、 定摩擦片 10、 动摩擦片 9以及驱动两摩擦片离合的离合器油缸, 离合器油缸包 括缸体 12、 活塞 7以及碟簧 14。 缸体 12中部设有侧壁, 该侧壁与活塞 7间设有 离合油腔 。 碟簧 14通过挡块 15固定在活塞 7上。
冷却系统包括冷却腔和给冷却腔供给循环冷却介质的供液系统; 冷却腔 包括设于活塞 7中部的内腔 D、 包容离合摩擦片的外腔 C; 活塞 7的圆周上设有 若干个连通内腔 D和外腔 C的导液孔 30, 该导液孔 30位于设置动摩擦片 9的活塞 段上。 供液系统包括泵 M, 由泵 M通过进油回路给冷却腔供液; 供液系统的回 油油道上设有回油过滤器 N。
支承轴 17设有连通于内腔 D的第一油口 Q、 连通于外腔 C的第二油口 0'和连 通离合油腔 A腔的第三油口 L。
外筒 11的外圆周为阶梯状, 其阶梯段与卷筒 13内壁形成导液腔 31, 外筒 11在远离行星齿轮减速器 4的一端设有与导液腔 31相通的孔 34。
缸体 12上设有环形凸肩 32, 环形凸肩 32上设有通液孔 33 ; 环形凸肩 32的 外周与卷筒 13内壁间隙配合, 并设塑料环密封。
离合器油缸的液压回路上设有空钩自由下放的控制回路或重钩自由下放 的控制回路。
空钩自由下放的控制回路包括减压阀 41、 单向阀 42、 二位三通换向阀 43 和单向调速阀 44; 工作时, 二位三通换向阀 43切换通道, 液压油经单向调速 阀 44进入离合器油缸, 缸体 12移动并压縮碟簧 14, 使定摩擦片 10和动摩擦片 9 分离, 绞车卷筒 13进入自由下放的工作状态, 接近目标位置时, 二位三通换 向阀 43复位, 离合器油缸内的液压油经单向调速阀 44流回油箱, 此时, 单向 调速阀 44控制回油的速度, 从而控制了卷筒 13的转速, 使卷筒 13较为平稳地 停止在目标位置, 避免了停止时的冲击、 抖动现象。
重钩自由下放的控制回路包括减压阀 51、 单向阀 52、 二位三通换向阀 53 和电液比例调压阀 54, 该电液比例调压阀 54为脚踏式或手动式。 重钩自由下 放时, 二位三通换向阀 53切换通道, 液压油经电液比例调压阀 54进入离合器 油缸, 利用电液比例调压阀 54可使离合器油缸中的油压实现可控, 此时在缸 体 12和碟簧 14的共同作用下, 使定摩擦片 10和动摩擦片 9间的摩擦力可控, 因 此, 可将液压离合器当做制动器工况, 其制动扭矩与油缸中的压力成比例, 这样, 随着制动扭矩大小的变化, 重钩自由下放的速度可调节, 且可以在下 放的任意位置上实现制动。
需要说明的是, 上述重钩自由下放的控制方案, 由于电液比例调压阀 54 的压力调整范围较宽, 当其输出端压力高至使定摩擦片 10和动摩擦片 9分离 时, 也就实现了空钩自由下放的功能; 但与前述空钩自由下放的控制方案相 比, 重钩自由下放的控制方案的成本较高, 所以, 可作为空钩自由下放的一 种选择方案。
机架上固定有支承轴 17, 该支承轴 17与外筒 11、 活塞 7三者同轴设置, 外 筒 11通过轴承 16固定在该支承轴 17的中部, 活塞 7的右端为中空并通过轴承 21 套设于该支承轴 17的端部、 左端设有花键并以该花键与行星齿轮减速器 4的行 星架 5输出端构成花键连接, 该花键连接为浮动连接, 该花键为渐开线花键; 卷筒 13—端固定于外筒 11、 另一端通过轴承 3支撑在液压制动器的外壳 29上。 活塞 7的中间孔左端设有密封端盖 6。
支承轴 17上设有通入该离合油腔 A的离合油道 L。 离合摩擦片包括定摩擦 片 10、 动摩擦片 9。
支承轴 17和活塞 7之间设有油环 22 ; 油环 22与支承轴 17为紧配合, 并与支 承轴 17构成滑动轴承结构。
如附图 4所示,油环 22设有外环槽 222、与离合油道 L端口相通的内环槽 221 以及连接外环槽 222和内环槽 221的导油孔 L1 , 内环槽 221、 外环槽 222分别位 于油环 22的内、 外圆周上且均为环形槽。
机架包括左支架 2、 右支架 19, 液压制动器的外壳 29固定于左支架 2, 支 承轴 17固定于右支架 19。
卷筒 13为等直径内孔贯通两端的筒体结构。 外筒 11的右端外圆周上设有 外侧壁 131, 卷筒 13右端固定连接在外侧壁 131上, 外侧壁 131的外缘凸出于卷 筒 13的外圆周面。 外筒 11的右端设有内侧壁 132, 内侧壁 132通过轴承 16固定 在支承轴 17上。
液压制动器包括外壳 29、 制动主轴 28、 制动摩擦片 26、 制动碟簧 27, 以 及可抵靠在制动摩擦片 26侧壁的制动活塞 36 ; 制动活塞 36中部与外壳 29间设 有制动腔 B , 外壳 29上设有通入该制动油腔 B的制动油道 P4。 外壳 29内设有制 动挡块 25, 该制动挡块 25—侧壁与制动摩擦片 26相抵、 另一侧壁上设有平面 轴承 24并以该平面轴承 24与行星架 5构成传动连接。 行星齿轮减速器 4的太阳 轮 38左端延伸为轴, 该轴设有花键并以该花键与制动主轴 28构成传动连接。 制动碟簧 27可压縮地设于制动活塞 36、 制动器端盖 37之间。
外筒 11右端设有齿圈 24, 该齿圈 24与支承轴 17同轴设置; 所述支承轴 17 固定连接有右支架 19, 右支架 19设有转轴 18, 转轴 18上设有与齿圈 24啮合的 齿轮 23。 外筒 11的右端设有内侧壁 132, 内侧壁 132通过轴承 16固定在支承轴 17上, 内侧壁 132上设有凸台, 齿圈 24固定在该凸台上。
实施例 2
如附图 2所示, 供液系统的进液回路直接连接于主液压系统的回油油道, 利用回油油道的背压给冷却腔供液, 并通过节流阀 45控制流量; 回油油道上 设有回油过滤器 N, 回油油道的背压为 0. 2— 0. 8 MPa。 其余同实施例 1。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种节能型液压绞车, 包括机架、 卷筒 (13)、 液压马达 (20)、 液压 控制系统, 以及设于卷筒 (13) 内的液压制动器、 行星齿轮减速器 (4) 和液 压离合器; 所述液压离合器包括外筒 (11)、 定摩擦片 (10)、 动摩擦片 (9) 以及驱动两摩擦片离合的离合器油缸, 所述离合器油缸包括缸体 (12)、 活塞
(7) 以及碟簧 (14), 其特征在于: 还设有冷却系统, 该冷却系统包括冷却 腔和给冷却腔供给循环冷却介质的供液系统; 冷却腔包括设于活塞 (7) 中部 的内腔 (D)、 包容离合摩擦片的外腔 (C); 所述活塞 (7) 的圆周上设有若干 个连通内腔 (D) 和外腔 (C) 的导液孔 (30), 该导液孔 (30) 位于设置动摩 擦片 (9) 的活塞段上。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 所述供液系统 包括泵 (M), 由泵 (M) 通过进油回路给冷却腔供液。
3.根据权利要求 1 所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 所述供液系统 的进液回路直接连接于主液压系统的回油油道, 利用回油油道的背压给冷却 腔供液, 并通过节流阀 (45) 控制流量; 回油油道的背压为 0.2— 0.8 MPa。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 进入冷却系统 的油压不小于 0.2MPa。
5.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 离合器油缸的液压回路上设有空钩自由下放的控制回路或重钩自由下放的控 制回路; 空钩自由下放的控制回路包括减压阀 (41)、 单向阀 (42)、 二位三 通换向阀(43)和单向调速阀(44);重钩自由下放的控制回路包括减压阀(51)、 单向阀 (52)、 二位三通换向阀 (53) 和电液比例调压阀 (54), 该电液比例 调压阀 (54) 为脚踏式或手动式。
6.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 所述机架上固定有支承轴 (17), 该支承轴 (17) 与外筒 (11)、 活塞 (7) 同 轴设置, 外筒(11)通过轴承(16) 固定在该支承轴 (17) 的中部, 活塞(7) 的右端为中空并通过轴承 (21) 套设于该支承轴 (17) 的端部、 左端设有花 键并以该花键与行星齿轮减速器 (4) 的行星架 (5) 输出端构成浮动的花键 连接, 该花键为渐开线花键; 所述卷筒 (13) 为等直径内孔贯通两端的筒体 结构, 其一端固定于外筒 (11)、 另一端通过轴承 (3) 套设在液压制动器的 外壳 (29) 上。
7.根据权利要求 7所述的节能型液压绞车,其特征在于:所述支承轴( 17) 设有连通于内腔 (D) 的第一油口 (Q)、 连通于外腔 (C) 的第二油口 (0' ) 和连通 A腔的第三油口 (L)。
8.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 所述外筒 (11) 的外圆周为阶梯状, 其阶梯段与卷筒 (13) 内壁形成导液腔
(31), 外筒 (11) 在远离行星齿轮减速器 (4) 的一端设有与导液腔 (31) 相通的孔 (34)。
9.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 所述油缸 (12) 上设有环形凸肩 (32), 环形凸肩 (32) 的外周与卷筒 (13) 内壁间隙配合, 并设塑料环密封。
10.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的节能型液压绞车, 其特征在于: 所述液压制动器包括外壳 (29)、 制动主轴 (28)、 制动摩擦片 (26)、 制动碟 簧 (27), 以及促动制动摩擦片 (26) 的制动活塞 (36); 制动活塞 (36) 中 部与外壳 (29) 间设有制动腔 (B), 外壳 (29) 上设有通入该制动油腔 (B) 的制动油道 (p4); 所述外壳 (29) 内设有制动挡块 (25), 该制动挡块 (25) 一侧壁与制动摩擦片 (26) 相抵、 另一侧壁上设有平面轴承 (24) 并以该平 面轴承 (24) 与行星架 (5) 构成传动连接; 所述行星齿轮减速器 (4) 的太 阳轮 (38) 左端延伸为轴, 该轴设有花键并以该花键与制动主轴 (28) 构成 传动连接。
PCT/CN2011/072997 2011-03-24 2011-04-19 节能型液压绞车 WO2012126190A1 (zh)

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