WO2012118040A1 - 室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板およびその温間加工方法 - Google Patents
室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板およびその温間加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0426—Hot rolling
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel sheet excellent in deep drawability at room temperature and warm, and its warm working method.
- the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention includes a cold-rolled steel sheet, a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, and an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
- Thin steel plates used for automobile framework parts are required to have high strength in order to achieve collision safety and improved fuel efficiency. Therefore, it is required to ensure press formability while increasing the strength of the steel plate to 980 MPa class or higher. It is known that in a high-strength steel sheet of 980 MPa class or higher, it is effective to use steel utilizing the TRIP effect to achieve both high strength and formability (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 discloses a high-strength steel sheet containing bainite or bainitic ferrite as a main phase and containing retained austenite ( ⁇ R ) in an area ratio of 3% or more.
- this high-strength steel sheet has a tensile strength at room temperature of 980 MPa or more and the total elongation does not reach 20%, and further improvement in mechanical properties (hereinafter also simply referred to as “characteristics”) is required.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that the uniform elongation is improved by adding Y and REM. As shown in Table 3, the steel sheet having a tensile strength (TS) of up to 875 MPa. It is applicable only to. Patent Document 4 discloses that the balance between strength and uniform elongation is improved in a mixed structure of bainitic ferrite-polygonal ferrite-residual austenite. However, it can only be applied to steel sheets with a TS of up to 859 MPa.
- Table 3 the steel sheet having a tensile strength (TS) of up to 875 MPa. It is applicable only to.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that the balance between strength and uniform elongation is improved in a mixed structure of bainitic ferrite-polygonal ferrite-residual austenite. However, it can only be applied to steel sheets with a TS of up to 859 MPa.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above circumstances, and its purpose is to further improve the room temperature strength and the room temperature and temperature by further improving uniform elongation at room temperature and warm while ensuring room temperature strength of 980 MPa or higher.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel sheet having a deep drawability and a warm working method thereof.
- the invention described in claim 1 % By mass (hereinafter the same for chemical components) C: 0.02 to 0.3%, Si: 1.0 to 3.0%, Mn: 1.8 to 3.0%, P: 0.1% or less (including 0%), S: 0.01% or less (including 0%), Al: 0.001 to 0.1%, N: 0.002 to 0.03% And the balance has a component composition consisting of iron and impurities,
- the area ratio for all tissues hereinafter the same for tissues
- composition further Cr: 0.01 to 3.0% Mo: 0.01 to 1.0%, Cu: 0.01 to 2.0%, Ni: 0.01 to 2.0%, 2.
- the invention according to claim 3 Ingredient composition further Ca: 0.0005 to 0.01%, Mg: 0.0005 to 0.01%, 3.
- the invention according to claim 4 A high-strength steel sheet warm working method characterized in that the high-strength steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is processed within 3600 seconds after being heated to 200 to 400 ° C.
- bainitic ferrite 50 to 85%
- retained austenite 3% or more
- martensite + residual austenite 10 to 45%
- ferrite 5 to 40% in terms of area ratio to the whole structure
- the residual austenite has a C concentration (C ⁇ R ) of 0.6 to 1.2% by mass and is based on the Mn concentration distribution obtained by EPMA line analysis.
- the present inventors considered that the use of ferrite having a low dislocation density and high work hardening rate is effective for improving uniform elongation, and decided to introduce an appropriate amount of ferrite into the steel sheet structure.
- the present invention by introducing an appropriate amount of ferrite and increasing the Mn concentration in ⁇ R while limiting the amount of added Mn, the ductility of the matrix (matrix) is improved and the TRIP effect by ⁇ R is maximized. It was decided to improve the strength by coexisting improvement of uniform elongation and further introducing martensite partially.
- the steel sheet of the present invention is based on the structure of TRIP steel as in the above-described prior art, and particularly contains a predetermined amount of ferrite and a predetermined amount of ⁇ R having a predetermined carbon concentration, Furthermore, it is different from the above-described prior art in that the concentration distribution of Mn is controlled.
- “Bainitic ferrite” in the present invention has a substructure having a lath-like structure with a high dislocation density in the bainite structure and is free of carbides in the structure. It is clearly different, and is also different from the polygonal ferrite structure with a substructure with little or no dislocation density, or a quasi-polygonal ferrite structure with a substructure such as fine subgrains. (See the publication “Steel Bainite Photobook-1”). This structure exhibits an acicular shape when observed with an optical microscope or SEM, and is difficult to distinguish. Therefore, in order to determine a clear difference from a bainite structure or a polygonal / ferrite structure, the structure of the lower structure by TEM observation is determined. Identification is necessary.
- bainitic ferrite having a uniform and fine structure, high ductility, high dislocation density and high strength as the parent phase.
- the amount of the bainitic ferrite structure needs to be 50 to 85% (preferably 60 to 85%, more preferably 70 to 85%) in terms of area ratio with respect to the entire structure. is there. This is because the effect of the bainitic ferrite structure is effectively exhibited. Note that the amount of the bainitic ferrite structure is determined by the balance with ⁇ R, and it is recommended that the amount be controlled appropriately so that desired characteristics can be exhibited.
- ⁇ contains 3% or more of retained austenite ( ⁇ R ) in area ratio with respect to the entire structure> ⁇ R is useful for improving the total elongation, and in order to effectively exhibit such action, the area ratio is 3% or more (preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more) with respect to the entire structure. It is necessary to exist.
- Ferrite here is polygonal ferrite, but since ferrite is a soft phase, it does not contribute to high strength, but it is effective in increasing ductility, so it balances strength and elongation.
- the area ratio is 5% or more (preferably 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more), and 40% or less (preferably 35% or less, more preferably 30% or less).
- C ⁇ R ⁇ C concentration (C ⁇ R ) in residual austenite ( ⁇ R ): 0.6 to 1.2% by mass>
- C ⁇ R is an index that affects the stability with which ⁇ R transforms into martensite during processing. If C ⁇ R is too low, ⁇ R is unstable, and after the application of stress, work-induced martensitic transformation occurs before plastic deformation, so that stretch formability cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if C ⁇ R is too high, ⁇ R becomes too stable, and even if processing is applied, work-induced martensite transformation does not occur, so that stretch formability cannot be obtained. In order to obtain sufficient stretch formability, C ⁇ R needs to be 0.6 to 1.2% by mass. Preferably, the content is 0.7 to 0.9% by mass.
- gamma enhances the Mn concentration in the R gamma R is as obtained at room temperature ing.
- Mn concentration in the gamma R is too low, gamma stability of R is low, can not be ensured gamma R content at room temperature.
- the present inventors have introduced a Mn [gamma] R / Mn av as an index for evaluating the segregation degree of Mn into the gamma R, the value of the index is 1.2 or more.
- Bainite including 0%>
- Steel sheet of the present invention the tissue only but may consist (bainitic ferrite, martensite, mixed structure of ferrite and gamma R), within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention, as other heterologous tissue , May have bainite.
- this structure can inevitably remain in the manufacturing process of the steel sheet of the present invention, the smaller the number, the better. It is recommended to control the area ratio to 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less with respect to the entire structure. Is done.
- the white area is defined as “martensite + residual austenite ( ⁇ R )” by repeller corrosion of the steel sheet and observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM; magnification: 1500 times). After identifying the tissue, the area ratio of each phase was measured by observation with an optical microscope (magnification 1000 times).
- the area ratio of ferrite each test steel sheet was subjected to nital corrosion, and the black area was identified as ferrite by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM; magnification 2000 times) to obtain the area ratio.
- Component composition of the steel sheet of the present invention C: 0.02 to 0.3% C is an essential element for obtaining a desired main structure (bainitic ferrite + martensite + ⁇ R ) while ensuring high strength, and 0. It is necessary to add 02% or more (preferably 0.05% or more, more preferably 0.10% or more). However, if it exceeds 0.3%, it is not suitable for welding.
- Si 1.0 to 3.0% Si is an element that effectively suppresses the generation of carbides by decomposition of ⁇ R.
- Si is useful as a solid solution strengthening element.
- it is necessary to add 1.0% or more of Si.
- it is 1.1% or more, More preferably, it is 1.2% or more.
- the upper limit is made 3.0%.
- it is 2.5% or less, More preferably, it is 2.0% or less.
- Mn 1.8-3.0%
- Mn also exerts an effect of promoting transformation and promoting the formation of bainitic ferrite + martensite structure. Furthermore, it is an element necessary for stabilizing ⁇ and obtaining a desired ⁇ R. It also contributes to improving hardenability. In order to exhibit such an action effectively, it is necessary to add 1.8% or more. Preferably it is 1.9% or more, more preferably 2.0% or more. However, if added over 3.0%, adverse effects such as slab cracking are observed. Preferably it is 2.8% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less.
- P 0.1% or less (including 0%) P is inevitably present as an impurity element, but is an element that may be added to ensure desired ⁇ R. However, when it exceeds 0.1%, secondary workability deteriorates. More preferably, it is 0.03% or less.
- S 0.01% or less (including 0%) S is also an element unavoidably present as an impurity element, forms sulfide inclusions such as MnS, and becomes a starting point of cracking and deteriorates workability. Preferably it is 0.01% or less, More preferably, it is 0.005% or less.
- Al 0.001 to 0.1%
- Al is an element which is added as a deoxidizer and effectively suppresses the generation of carbides by decomposition of ⁇ R in combination with Si. In order to exhibit such an action effectively, it is necessary to add 0.001% or more of Al. However, even if added excessively, the effect is saturated and is economically wasteful, so the upper limit is made 0.1%.
- N 0.002 to 0.03%
- N is an unavoidable element, but forms a precipitate when combined with carbonitride-forming elements such as Al and Nb, and contributes to strength improvement and microstructure refinement.
- austenite grain coarsening the N content is too low, as a result, the aspect ratio for gamma R which elongated lath structure becomes mainly increases.
- the N content is too high, casting becomes difficult with low carbon steel such as the material of the present invention, and therefore the production itself cannot be performed.
- the steel of the present invention basically contains the above components, and the balance is substantially iron and unavoidable impurities, but the following allowable components can be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. .
- Mo 0.01 to 3.0%
- Cu 0.01 to 2.0%
- Ni 0.01 to 2.0%
- B One or more elements of 0.00001 to 0.01% These elements are useful as steel strengthening elements, and are effective elements for stabilizing ⁇ R and securing a predetermined amount.
- Mo 0.01% or more (more preferably 0.02% or more)
- Cu 0.01% or more
- Ni 0.01% or more
- B 0.00001% or more (more preferably 0.0002% or more) are recommended.
- Cr is 3.0%, Mo is 1.0%, Cu and Ni are each 2.0%, and even if B is added over 0.01%, the above effect is saturated, economically. It is useless. More preferably, Cr is 2.0% or less, Mo is 0.8% or less, Cu is 1.0% or less, Ni is 1.0% or less, and B is 0.0030% or less.
- Ca 0.0005 to 0.01%
- Mg 0.0005 to 0.01%
- REM One or more of 0.0001 to 0.01%
- These elements are effective elements for controlling the form of sulfide in steel and improving workability.
- examples of the REM (rare earth element) used in the present invention include Sc, Y, and lanthanoid.
- Ca and Mg are each added to 0.0005% or more (more preferably 0.0001% or more), and REM is added to 0.0001% or more (more preferably 0.0002% or more). It is recommended to do.
- Ca and Mg are added in an amount of 0.01% and REM is added in excess of 0.01%, the above effects are saturated, which is economically wasteful. More preferably, Ca and Mg are 0.003% or less, and REM is 0.006% or less.
- the steel sheet of the present invention is processed within 3600 s (more preferably within 1200 s) after heating to an appropriate temperature between 100 and 400 ° C.
- Elongation and deep drawability can be maximized by processing before the decomposition of ⁇ R occurs under temperature conditions where the stability of ⁇ R is optimal.
- Parts processed by this warm processing method have a uniform strength after cooling within the cross section, and there are fewer low-strength parts than parts with a large strength distribution in the same cross section, thus increasing the part strength. be able to.
- a steel sheet containing ⁇ R generally has a low yield ratio and a high work hardening rate in a low strain region. Therefore, in the region where the applied strain amount is small, the strength after applying the strain, in particular, the strain amount dependency of the yield stress becomes very large.
- the amount of strain applied varies depending on the part, and there is a region where strain is hardly applied partially. For this reason, a large strength difference may occur between a region where machining is performed and a region where machining is not performed in the component, and a strength distribution may be formed in the component.
- deformation and buckling occur due to the yielding of the low-strength region, so that the part having the lowest strength is rate-determined.
- the reason why the yield stress is low in the steel containing ⁇ R is thought to be that when ⁇ R is introduced, martensite formed at the same time introduces mobile dislocations in the surrounding matrix during transformation. Therefore, if this dislocation movement is prevented even in a region where the amount of processing is small, the yield stress can be improved and the component strength can be increased.
- it is effective to heat the material to eliminate the movable dislocations or to stop it by strain aging such as solute carbon, which can increase the yield stress.
- the steel sheet of the present invention is produced by hot rolling a steel material satisfying the above component composition, followed by cold rolling, followed by heat treatment.
- the hot rolling conditions are not particularly limited.
- the hot rolling finishing temperature (rolling end temperature, FDT) may be 800 to 900 ° C.
- the winding temperature may be 300 to 600 ° C.
- Heat treatment conditions Regarding the heat treatment conditions, Mn is properly distributed to ferrite ( ⁇ ) and austenite ( ⁇ ) by soaking at two stages in the ferrite + austenite ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region, and a certain amount is austenitized, and a predetermined cooling is performed. After rapid cooling at a speed and supercooling, the desired structure can be obtained by holding at the supercooling temperature for a predetermined time and performing austempering. It should be noted that plating or further alloying treatment may be performed without significantly degrading the desired structure and within the range not impairing the action of the present invention.
- the cold-rolled material after the cold rolling is subjected to a time of 60 to 1800 s in the temperature range (first soaking temperature) of (0.9Ac1 + 0.1Ac3) to (0.7Ac1 + 0.3Ac3) (first (Soaking time) and then holding for a period of 100 s or less (second soaking time) in the temperature range (second soaking temperature) of (0.4Ac1 + 0.6Ac3) to (0.1Ac1 + 0.9Ac3), It is rapidly cooled to 350 to 500 ° C at an average cooling rate of 15 ° C / s or more, and is kept at this quenching stop temperature (supercooling temperature) for 100 to 1800 s. Cooling.
- the time (second soaking time) is maintained for 100 s or less in the temperature range (second soaking temperature) of (0.4Ac1 + 0.6Ac3) to (0.1Ac1 + 0.9Ac3)> Thereafter, by holding for a short time in the temperature range on the high temperature side of the two-phase region, the distribution of Mn distributed in the temperature region on the low-temperature side of the two-phase region (segregation to the ⁇ side) is eliminated before the austenite
- the ratio of ferrite and austenite it is possible to secure a high Mn ⁇ R / Mn av ratio and a fraction of bainitic ferrite produced by reverse transformation from austenite during cooling. .
- test steels having the respective component compositions shown in Table 1 below were melted in vacuum to form a slab having a plate thickness of 30 mm, and then the slab was heated to 1200 ° C., rolling end temperature (FDT) 900 ° C., and winding temperature 650
- the steel sheet was hot-rolled at 2.4 ° C. to a sheet thickness of 2.4 mm, then cold-rolled at a cold rolling rate of 50% to obtain a cold-rolled material having a sheet thickness of 1.2 mm, and subjected to the heat treatment shown in Table 2 below.
- the cold-rolled material is heated to the first soaking temperature T1 ° C. and held at that temperature for the first soaking time t1 seconds, it is further heated to the second soaking temperature T2 ° C. Hold at the second soaking time t2 seconds, then cool to the cooling stop temperature (supercooling temperature) T3 at a cooling rate of CR1 ° C./s, hold at that temperature for t3 seconds, and then cool by air or stop cooling
- air cooling was performed.
- TS tensile strength
- uEL uniform elongation
- EL total elongation
- TS was measured using a JIS No. 5 test piece by a tensile test.
- the tensile test was conducted at a strain rate of 1 mm / s.
- steel No. which is the steel sheet of the present invention. 1 to 3, 9 to 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, and 23 to 25 were all subjected to heat treatment under recommended heat treatment conditions using steel types satisfying the range of the component composition of the present invention.
- a high-strength steel sheet excellent in uniform elongation (uEL) at room temperature and warm was obtained while securing a strength (TS) of 980 kPa or more at room temperature.
- steel No. which is a comparative steel.
- steel grades that do not satisfy the requirements of the component composition specified in the present invention were used, and although heat treatment was performed under the recommended heat treatment conditions, the requirements of the structure provision of the present invention were not satisfied, and the room temperature strength (TS), at least one of the properties of uniform elongation (uEL) at room temperature and warm is inferior.
- TS room temperature strength
- steel No. another comparative steel.
- Nos. 17 to 19 and 22 used steel types satisfying the range of the component composition of the present invention, but did not satisfy the requirements of the structure of the present invention as a result of heat treatment under conditions other than the recommended heat treatment conditions.
- at least one of the properties of room temperature strength (TS), room temperature and uniform elongation (uEL) is inferior.
- Steel No. Nos. 25, 26, and 27 measure the temperature characteristics of the steel sheets produced by performing the heat treatment under the same heat treatment conditions using the same steel type in order to confirm the appropriate range of the warm working temperature. It is a thing. By comparing these data, steel no. Both Nos. 26 and 27 were processed at a temperature outside the recommended warm working temperature range, so that uniform elongation (uEL) at the desired warm could not be obtained. No. 25 was processed at a temperature within the recommended warm working temperature range, and it can be seen that uniform elongation (uEL) at a desired warm temperature can be obtained.
- the high-strength steel material of the present invention is suitable as a thin steel material for automobile frame parts.
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Abstract
Description
質量%で(以下、化学成分について同じ。)、
C :0.02~0.3%、
Si:1.0~3.0%、
Mn:1.8~3.0%、
P :0.1%以下(0%を含む)、
S :0.01%以下(0%を含む)、
Al:0.001~0.1%、
N :0.002~0.03%
を含み、残部が鉄および不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
全組織に対する面積率で(以下、組織について同じ。)、
ベイニティック・フェライト:50~85%、
残留オーステナイト:3%以上、
マルテンサイト+前記残留オーステナイト:10~45%、
フェライト:5~40%
の各相を含む組織を有し、
前記残留オーステナイト中のC濃度(CγR)が0.6~1.2質量%であり、
EPMAでライン分析して得られたMn濃度分布に基づく、前記残留オーステナイト中のMn濃度MnγRと全組織中の平均Mn濃度Mnavとの比MnγR/Mnavが1.2以上であることを特徴とする室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板である。
成分組成が、さらに、
Cr:0.01~3.0%
Mo:0.01~1.0%、
Cu:0.01~2.0%、
Ni:0.01~2.0%、
B :0.00001~0.01%の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1に記載の室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板である。
成分組成が、さらに、
Ca :0.0005~0.01%、
Mg :0.0005~0.01%、
REM:0.0001~0.01%の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1または2に記載の室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板である。
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の高強度鋼板を、200~400℃に加熱後、3600s以内に加工することを特徴とする高強度鋼板の温間加工方法である。
上述したとおり、本発明鋼板は、上記従来技術と同じくTRIP鋼の組織をベースとするものであるが、特に、フェライトを所定量含有するとともに、所定の炭素濃度のγRを所定量含有し、さらに、Mnの濃度分布が制御されている点で、上記従来技術と相違している。
本発明における「ベイニティック・フェライト」とは、ベイナイト組織が転位密度の高いラス状組織を持った下部組織を有しており、組織内に炭化物を有していない点で、ベイナイト組織とは明らかに異なり、また、転位密度がないかあるいは極めて少ない下部組織を有するポリゴナル・フェライト組織、あるいは細かいサブグレイン等の下部組織を持った準ポリゴナル・フェライト組織とも異なっている(日本鉄鋼協会基礎研究会 発行「鋼のベイナイト写真集-1」参照)。この組織は、光学顕微鏡観察やSEM観察するとアシキュラー状を呈しており、区別が困難であるため、ベイナイト組織やポリゴナル・フェライト組織等との明確な違いを判定するには、TEM観察による下部組織の同定が必要である。
γRは全伸びの向上に有用であり、このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、全組織に対して面積率で3%以上(好ましくは5%以上、より好ましくは10%以上)存在することが必要である。
強度確保のため、組織中にマルテンサイトを一部導入するが、マルテンサイトの量が多くなりすぎると成形性が確保できなくなるので、全組織に対してマルテンサイト+γRの合計面積率で10%以上(好ましくは12%以上、より好ましくは16%以上)45%以下に制限した。
ここでいうフェライトとはポリゴナル・フェライトのことであるが、フェライトは軟質相であるため、高強度化には寄与しないが、延性を高めるのには有効であることから、強度と伸びのバランスを高めるため、強度が保証できる面積率5%以上(好ましくは10%以上、より好ましくは15%以上)40%以下(好ましくは35%以下、より好ましくは30%以下)の範囲で導入する。
CγRは、加工時にγRがマルテンサイトに変態する安定度に影響する指標である。CγRが低すぎると、γRが不安定なため、応力付与後、塑性変形する前に加工誘起マルテンサイト変態が起るため、張り出し成形性が得られなくなる。一方、CγRが高すぎると、γRが安定になりすぎて、加工を加えても加工誘起マルテンサイト変態が起らないため、やはり張り出し成形性が得られなくなる。十分な張り出し成形性を得るためには、CγRは0.6~1.2質量%とする必要がある。好ましくは0.7~0.9質量%である。
鋼に添加されたMnを2相域加熱によりフェライトとオーステナイトの間で分配することで、マトリックスに高い延性を付与したまま、γR中のMn濃度を高めてγRが室温で得られるようにしている。γR中のMn濃度が低すぎると、γRの安定性が低く、室温でγR量を確保できない。また、フェライト中のMn濃度が高すぎると、マトリックスの変形能が低下し、伸びが劣化する。このため、本発明者らは、γR中へのMnの偏析度合いを評価する指標としてMnγR/Mnavを導入し、この指標の値は1.2以上とした。
本発明の鋼板は、上記組織のみ(ベイニティック・フェライト、マルテンサイト、フェライトならびにγRの混合組織)からなっていてもよいが、本発明の作用を損なわない範囲で、他の異種組織として、ベイナイトを有していてもよい。この組織は本発明鋼板の製造過程で必然的に残存し得るものであるが、少なければ少ない程よく、全組織に対して面積率で5%以下、より好ましくは3%以下に制御することが推奨される。
ここで、各相の面積率、γR中のC濃度(CγR)、全組織中の平均Mn濃度およびγR中のMn濃度の各測定方法について説明する。
C:0.02~0.3%
Cは、高強度を確保しつつ、所望の主要組織(ベイニティック・フェライト+マルテンサイト+γR)を得るために必須の元素であり、このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには0.02%以上(好ましくは0.05%以上、より好ましくは0.10%以上)添加する必要がある。ただし、0.3%超では溶接に適さない。
Siは、γRが分解して炭化物が生成するのを有効に抑制する元素である。特にSiは、固溶強化元素としても有用である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、Siを1.0%以上添加する必要がある。好ましくは1.1%以上、より好ましくは1.2%以上である。ただし、Siを3.0%を超えて添加すると、ベイニティック・フェライト+マルテンサイト組織の生成が阻害される他、熱間変形抵抗が高くなって溶接部の脆化を起こしやすくなり、さらには鋼板の表面性状にも悪影響を及ぼすので、その上限を3.0%とする。好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2.0%以下である。
Mnは、固溶強化元素として有効に作用する他、変態を促進してベイニティック・フェライト+マルテンサイト組織の生成を促進する作用も発揮する。さらにはγを安定化し、所望のγRを得るために必要な元素である。また、焼入れ性の向上にも寄与する。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、1.8%以上添加することが必要である。好ましくは1.9%以上、より好ましくは2.0%以上である。ただし、3.0%を超えて添加すると、鋳片割れが生じる等の悪影響が見られる。好ましくは2.8%以下、より好ましくは2.5%以下である。
Pは不純物元素として不可避的に存在するが、所望のγRを確保するために添加してもよい元素である。ただし、0.1%を超えて添加すると二次加工性が劣化する。より好ましくは0.03%以下である。
Sも不純物元素として不可避的に存在し、MnS等の硫化物系介在物を形成し、割れの起点となって加工性を劣化させる元素である。好ましくは0.01%以下、より好ましくは0.005%以下である。
Alは、脱酸剤として添加されるとともに、上記Siと相俟って、γRが分解して炭化物が生成するのを有効に抑制する元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、Alを0.001%以上添加する必要がある。ただし、過剰に添加しても効果が飽和し経済的に無駄であるので、その上限を0.1%とする。
Nは、不可避的に存在する元素であるが、AlやNbなどの炭窒化物形成元素と結びつくことで析出物を形成し、強度向上や組織の微細化に寄与する。N含有量が少なすぎるとオーステナイト粒が粗大化し、その結果、伸長したラス状組織が主体になるためγRのアスペクト比が大きくなる。一方、N含有量が多すぎると、本発明の材料のような低炭素鋼では鋳造が困難になるため、製造自体ができなくなる。
Mo:0.01~1.0%、
Cu:0.01~2.0%、
Ni:0.01~2.0%、
B :0.00001~0.01%の1種または2種以上
これらの元素は、鋼の強化元素として有用であるとともに、γRの安定化や所定量の確保に有効な元素である。このような作用を有効に発揮させるためには、Mo:0.01%以上(より好ましくは0.02%以上)、Cu:0.01%以上(より好ましくは0.1%以上)、Ni:0.01%以上(より好ましくは0.1%以上)、B:0.00001%以上(より好ましくは0.0002%以上)を、それぞれ添加することが推奨される。
ただし、Crは3.0%、Moは1.0%、CuおよびNiはそれぞれ2.0%、Bは0.01%を超えて添加しても上記効果が飽和してしまい、経済的に無駄である。より好ましくはCr:2.0%以下、Mo:0.8%以下、Cu:1.0%以下、Ni:1.0%以下、B:0.0030%以下である。
Mg :0.0005~0.01%、
REM:0.0001~0.01%の1種または2種以上
これらの元素は、鋼中硫化物の形態を制御し、加工性向上に有効な元素である。ここで、本発明に用いられるREM(希土類元素)としては、Sc、Y、ランタノイド等が挙げられる。上記作用を有効に発揮させるためには、CaおよびMgはそれぞれ0.0005%以上(より好ましくは0.0001%以上)、REMは0.0001%以上(より好ましくは0.0002%以上)添加することが推奨される。ただし、CaおよびMgはそれぞれ0.01%、REMは0.01%を超えて添加しても上記効果が飽和してしまい、経済的に無駄である。より好ましくはCaおよびMgは0.003%以下、REMは0.006%以下である。
上記本発明鋼板は、100~400℃の間の適正な温度に加熱した後、3600s以内(より好ましくは1200s以内)に加工するのが特に推奨される。
本発明鋼板は、上記成分組成を満足する鋼材を、熱間圧延し、ついで冷間圧延した後、熱処理を行って製造する。
熱間圧延条件は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば熱間圧延の仕上げ温度(圧延終了温度、FDT)を800~900℃、巻取り温度を300~600℃としてもよい。
また、冷間圧延の際の冷延率は20~70%としつつ、以下の熱処理条件にて熱処理を施す。
熱処理条件については、フェライト+オーステナイト(α+γ)2相域で2段階の温度レベルで均熱してMnをフェライト(α)とオーステナイト(γ)に適正に分配するとともに一定量をオーステナイト化し、所定の冷却速度で急冷して過冷した後、その過冷温度で所定時間保持してオーステンパ処理することで所望の組織を得ることができる。なお、所望の組織を著しく分解させることなく、本発明の作用を損なわない範囲で、めっき、さらには合金化処理してもよい。
2相域の低温側の温度域で長時間保持することで、Mnの分配(γ側への偏析)を促進させて高MnγR/Mnav比を実現するためである。
その後、2相域の高温側の温度域で短時間保持することで、上記2相域の低温側の温度域で分配されたMnの分配(γ側への偏析)が解消される前にオーステナイト化を進めてフェライトとオーステナイトの分率を適正化することにより、高MnγR/Mnav比と、冷却時にオーステナイトからの逆変態で生成するベイニティック・フェライトの分率を確保することができる。
オーステンパ処理することで所望の組織を得るためである。
本出願は、2011年3月2日出願の日本特許出願(特願2011-045163)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (4)
- 質量%で(以下、化学成分について同じ。)、
C :0.02~0.3%、
Si:1.0~3.0%、
Mn:1.8~3.0%、
P :0.1%以下(0%を含む)、
S :0.01%以下(0%を含む)、
Al:0.001~0.1%、
N :0.002~0.03%
を含み、残部が鉄および不純物からなる成分組成を有し、
全組織に対する面積率で(以下、組織について同じ。)、
ベイニティック・フェライト:50~85%、
残留オーステナイト:3%以上、
マルテンサイト+前記残留オーステナイト:10~45%、
フェライト:5~40%
の各相を含む組織を有し、
前記残留オーステナイト中のC濃度(CγR)が0.6~1.2質量%であり、
EPMAでライン分析して得られたMn濃度分布に基づく、前記残留オーステナイト中のMn濃度MnγRと全組織中の平均Mn濃度Mnavとの比MnγR/Mnavが1.2以上であることを特徴とする室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板。 - 成分組成が、さらに、
Cr:0.01~3.0%
Mo:0.01~1.0%、
Cu:0.01~2.0%、
Ni:0.01~2.0%、
B :0.00001~0.01%の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1に記載の室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板。 - 成分組成が、さらに、
Ca :0.0005~0.01%、
Mg :0.0005~0.01%、
REM:0.0001~0.01%の1種または2種以上
を含むものである請求項1または2に記載の室温および温間での深絞り性に優れた高強度鋼板。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の高強度鋼板を、100~400℃に加熱後、3600s以内に加工することを特徴とする高強度鋼板の温間加工方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020137022772A KR101534427B1 (ko) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-02-27 | 실온 및 온간에서의 딥드로잉성이 우수한 고강도 강판 및 그 온간 가공 방법 |
US14/001,819 US9194032B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-02-27 | High-strength steel sheet with excellent deep drawability at room temperature and warm temperature, and method for warm working same |
CN201280010977.0A CN103403210B (zh) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-02-27 | 室温和温态下的深拉性优异的高强度钢板及其温加工方法 |
GB1315448.9A GB2502026B (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-02-27 | High-strength steel sheet with excellent deep drawability at room temperature and warm temperature, and method for warm working same |
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WO2022079988A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度冷延鋼板,高強度めっき鋼板,高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法,及び高強度めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
WO2022079987A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度冷延鋼板,高強度めっき鋼板,高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法,高強度めっき鋼板の製造方法,及び自動車部品 |
JP7070812B1 (ja) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-05-18 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度冷延鋼板,高強度めっき鋼板,高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法,高強度めっき鋼板の製造方法,及び自動車部品 |
JP7078186B1 (ja) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-05-31 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度冷延鋼板,高強度めっき鋼板,高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法,及び高強度めっき鋼板の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101534427B1 (ko) | 2015-07-06 |
JP2012180570A (ja) | 2012-09-20 |
CN103403210B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
GB2502026B (en) | 2018-05-02 |
KR20130121963A (ko) | 2013-11-06 |
US9194032B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
US20130330226A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
CN103403210A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
GB2502026A (en) | 2013-11-13 |
GB201315448D0 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
JP5667472B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
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