WO2012114028A1 - Element resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers in the field of construction, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight façades - Google Patents

Element resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers in the field of construction, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight façades Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012114028A1
WO2012114028A1 PCT/FR2012/050352 FR2012050352W WO2012114028A1 WO 2012114028 A1 WO2012114028 A1 WO 2012114028A1 FR 2012050352 W FR2012050352 W FR 2012050352W WO 2012114028 A1 WO2012114028 A1 WO 2012114028A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transfers
element according
hydraulic binder
polymer film
resistant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2012/050352
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Philippe Boisvert
Patrick Tintillier
Goran Hedman
Geert HOUVENAGHEL
Original Assignee
Lafarge Gypsum International
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lafarge Gypsum International filed Critical Lafarge Gypsum International
Priority to EP12709934.9A priority Critical patent/EP2678487A1/en
Priority to BR112013021230A priority patent/BR112013021230A2/en
Priority to UAA201311110A priority patent/UA109808C2/en
Priority to KR20137023324A priority patent/KR20140050578A/en
Priority to US14/000,496 priority patent/US20130318901A1/en
Priority to RU2013142585/03A priority patent/RU2565309C2/en
Priority to MX2013009616A priority patent/MX2013009616A/en
Priority to CN201280009649.9A priority patent/CN103649432A/en
Publication of WO2012114028A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012114028A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
    • E04B2/94—Concrete panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
    • E04B9/0428—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like having a closed frame around the periphery
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
    • E04B2/707—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function obturation by means of panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7453—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling
    • E04B2/7457—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts with panels and support posts, extending from floor to ceiling with wallboards attached to the outer faces of the posts, parallel to the partition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E04F13/0898—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections with sealing elements between coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/18—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the dry construction of lightweight walls, including the construction of lightweight facades bearing or non-bearing that is to say, which do not participate in the stability of the building.
  • Non-load bearing lightweight façades are facades built with light industrial materials, on a building frame as opposed to a traditional construction in concrete veil and filling by masonry or other.
  • Lightweight non-load-bearing façades are carried by the structure of the building, which is called the supporting structure.
  • the supporting structure is based on the foundations.
  • Light non-load bearing facades are attached to the supporting structure via a so-called primary framing framework.
  • Lightweight non-load-bearing facades can themselves include, when necessary, a framework that is called a secondary framework, attached to the primary framework.
  • Lightweight load-bearing facades are carried directly by the foundations.
  • the protection against the water of the facades is therefore an important point and water tightness can not be neglected.
  • the penetration of water can lead to the degradation of the interior cladding of the walls, the degradation of the energetic performances of the facade, as well as the bursting of the frost materials.
  • the facade separates an outdoor environment from an indoor one, with a higher water vapor pressure indoors, the water vapor contained in the indoor air will tend to migrate outward.
  • the water vapor can meet a temperature low enough to cause its condensation at the place where the temperature is equal to the dew point.
  • the presence of moisture can then alter the materials, the collages, and degrade the insulation performance of the facade, this damage is aggravated by the alternating cycles of humidification and evaporation.
  • the filler materials In order to avoid this phenomenon of condensation, it is possible to choose the nature and arrangement of the filler materials depending on the climate, by adding one or more membranes to the site and / or by applying one or more resins or polymer films on the surface. materials to achieve vapor, air, wind and / or rain tightness.
  • Membranes can be applied facing the cavity of the facade on the interior side of the building, to prevent the maximum of water vapor from entering the filling (vapor barrier).
  • Membranes can be applied to the facade on the exterior side of the building to prevent the maximum amount of wind and rain from entering the fill (wind and rain).
  • a windbreak and rain cover has the advantage of improving the airtightness and watertightness of the building by preventing rain and wind from entering the building and thus degrade the insulation properties of the components. of building and their durability. This helps to improve the energy efficiency of the building.
  • the problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a new means adapted to build light facades resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation; a frame;
  • said element does not include any membrane resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
  • the invention also proposes the use of the above element to achieve a light facade.
  • the invention also proposes a light facade comprising at least the element described above.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or in part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation such as vapor barrier, rain screen or windbreaker.
  • the invention offers at least one of the critical advantages described below.
  • the element according to the invention makes it possible to maintain the watertightness or airtightness of the facade in which it is incorporated and to increase the reliability in terms of sealing of this facade.
  • Another advantage of the element according to the invention is that it makes it possible to eliminate on site the step of applying membranes or resins, a step that consumes time and decreases the productivity of the site.
  • the element according to the invention allows a great speed of installation on site.
  • the element according to the invention offers another advantage that it can also be used for the construction of lightweight facades that is to say that contribute to the stability of the building, particularly buildings in North America.
  • lightweight frames for example metal or wood.
  • light facade is preferably meant according to the present invention a facade comprising one or more walls, at least one outer wall of which is characterized by:
  • the light facade can be chosen from curtain façades, integral curtain façades, vertically-running curtain façades, semi-curtain façades, integral semi-curtain façades, vertically-curtained semi-curtain façades, facades panels and facades panels running horizontally. All these terms are defined in standard NF P28-001.
  • supporting structure is preferably meant according to the invention all the elements of a structure carrying more than their own weight.
  • an element that can be a carrier there may be mentioned poles, slats, floors, walls.
  • primary framework is preferably meant according to the invention all the uprights and crosspieces of wood or metal or synthetic materials attached to the supporting structure of the construction or foundation and which serves as support for structural elements such as filler elements.
  • structural elements such as filler elements.
  • precadres the primary framework may be the supporting structure, as is the case in North America (in English, the term “load-bearing frame” is used in this case).
  • secondary framework is preferably meant according to the invention all amounts and sleepers wood or metal or synthetic materials, directly attached to the primary frame and which serves as a support for frames, frames, fills or cladding.
  • grouting component is preferably meant according to the invention a device that can ensure the continuity of watertightness, water vapor or air.
  • resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers preferably means according to the invention a material or product having a controlled permeance of heat, water and / or air transfers.
  • hydraulic binder is preferably meant according to the present invention any compound having the property of hydrating in the presence of water and whose hydration makes it possible to obtain a solid having mechanical characteristics.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention may in particular be a hydraulic binder based on calcium sulphate.
  • the hydraulic binder according to the invention is plaster.
  • calcium sulfate hydraulic binders is meant according to the invention the hydraulic binders based on partially anhydrous or totally anhydrous calcium sulfate.
  • a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation; a frame;
  • said element does not include any membrane resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
  • the element according to the invention is an element resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer, that is to say that this element has a controlled permeability to transfers of air, water in the form of vapor or liquid .
  • the hydraulic binder-based plate suitable for the element according to the invention may be a cement slab or a plasterboard, preferably this slab is prefabricated in a prefabrication plant.
  • the cement plates that are suitable for the element according to the invention may be based on Portland cement, cement described according to EN 197-1, calcium aluminate cement, magnesium cement or sulfoaluminous cement cement, and mixtures thereof. .
  • Cements based on calcium aluminates, for example aluminous cements or Cements Fondus ® are also suitable according to the invention as well as cements conforming to standard NF EN 14647.
  • the preferred magnesium cement comprises magnesium carbonates, magnesium oxides or magnesium silicates, for example as described in US Patent No. 4,838,941.
  • the preferred cement that is suitable according to the invention is Portland cement, alone or in a mixture with other cements mentioned above, for example sulphoaluminous cements.
  • the Portland cement that is particularly suitable according to the invention is that described according to the standard EN 197-1.
  • the cement plates can be produced by various processes and in particular by non-continuous processes (for example molding, pressing, filtering, etc.).
  • So-called lightweight cement plates from the incorporation of light loads are also suitable for the element according to the invention. These light loads are generally derived from natural rocks or artificial rocks or are loads from petroleum products, for example polystyrene beads.
  • Cement plates reinforced by the incorporation of fibers are also suitable for the element according to the invention.
  • Plasterboard suitable for the element according to the invention may be composed of a plaster body cast in the factory between two sheets of paper constituting both its facing and its frame.
  • one of the sheets of paper used to make the plasterboard is dark in color, which may vary between a gray color and a brown color, because it is composed of cellulosic fibers that have not undergone a particular purification treatment .
  • this gray paper is obtained from unbleached chemical pulp, and / or mechanical pulp, and / or thermomechanical pulp, and / or semi-chemical pulp.
  • mechanical pulp is generally meant a paste obtained entirely by mechanical means from various raw materials, mainly wood, which can be provided by wood-based recovery products such as old cartons, kraft paper clippings and / or or old newspapers.
  • thermomechanical pulp is meant a paste obtained by heat treatment followed by a mechanical treatment of the raw material.
  • semi-chemical paste a paste obtained by removing some of the non-cellulosic components contained in the raw material by means of a chemical treatment, and requiring subsequent mechanical treatment to disperse the fibers.
  • the other sheet of paper used to make the plasterboard has a visible face called cladding, which is generally lighter in color than the gray sheet.
  • the hydraulic binder-based plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention is a plasterboard having a gypsum core whose density can vary as a function of the distance from the surface, with for example a low density core layer incorporating foaming agents into the paste, this core layer being sandwiched by high density surface layers (dense layer).
  • a plasterboard having a gypsum core whose density can vary as a function of the distance from the surface, with for example a low density core layer incorporating foaming agents into the paste, this core layer being sandwiched by high density surface layers (dense layer).
  • An example of this type of plate is the conventional plasterboard of the type BA13 with dense layers.
  • the hydraulic binder based plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may comprise an anti-fungal agent.
  • the hydraulic binder-based plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may comprise a water-repellent agent.
  • the hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention comprises at least one facing.
  • Conventional siding used in the manufacture of gypsum board is particularly suitable as for example the fiberglass facings.
  • cements made of cellulose fibers (paper, recycled paper), synthetic fibers (polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.) or inorganic fibers (siding made of fiberglass, ceramic fibers, etc.) may be mentioned.
  • the facings may be woven or non-woven.
  • the fibers are generally joined to one another using, for example, a thermosensitive or hot-melt resin such as urea-formaldehyde resins, resins acrylics, melamine-formaldehyde resins with or without urea additions or polyvinyl acetate resins. It is also conceivable to add light loads between the fibers.
  • a thermosensitive or hot-melt resin such as urea-formaldehyde resins, resins acrylics, melamine-formaldehyde resins with or without urea additions or polyvinyl acetate resins.
  • urea-formaldehyde resins resins acrylics, melamine-formaldehyde resins with or without urea additions or polyvinyl acetate resins.
  • urea-formaldehyde resins resins acrylics, melamine-formaldehyde resins with or without urea additions or polyvinyl acetate resins.
  • the hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention may be coated on one side, in whole or part, a metallized plastic film reflecting the infrared radiation.
  • metalized plastic film mention may be made of metalized polyethylene terephthalate or metallized polyester.
  • the survival blankets could be used to coat one side of the hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention.
  • the hydraulic binder plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may be coated on one side, in whole or in part, with a plastic film.
  • the hydraulic binder plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may be coated on one side, in whole or part of a metal film, for example an aluminum film or any other type of metal.
  • the hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention is coated, in whole or in part, with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation.
  • This type of polymer film obtained by radiation polymerization is also called photocrosslinked polymer or crosslinkable film-forming resin or photosensitive resin.
  • a composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers is applied in whole or in part to the facing of the hydraulic binder plate.
  • This composition of unpolymerized monomers and / or prepolymers may be based on the following precursors:
  • a prepolymer based on a resin comprising at least one unsaturated group such as acrylate, methacrylate, allyl, vinyl, epoxy group and / or their mixtures such as, for example, an acrylic resin, a methacrylic resin, a polyester resin, a resin chlorinated polyester, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a polyamide resin, a silicone resin, a polyether resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyurea-urethane resin and / or mixtures thereof.
  • the resins comprising the acrylate group may be partially modified by the action of an amine.
  • polyurethanes comprising acrylate groups and epoxides comprising acrylate groups are particularly preferred according to the invention.
  • a monomer comprising at least one reactive group for example an unsaturated group.
  • reactive groups include for example the acrylate group, methacrylate, allyl, vinyl, epoxy and / or mixtures thereof.
  • the acrylic esters of alcohols such as isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), diols such as diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate
  • TPGDA bisphenol A diacrylate
  • polyols such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), glycerol propoxylated triacrylate (GPTA), pentaerythritol tri- and tetra-acrylate, are usable according to the invention.
  • TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
  • GPTA glycerol propoxylated triacrylate
  • pentaerythritol tri- and tetra-acrylate are usable according to the invention.
  • Methyl pentanediol diacrylate (MPDDA) is particularly preferred according to the invention.
  • a photoinitiator such as, for example, mixtures of benzophenone derivatives and tertiary amines, or cationic systems such as triphenylsulphonium hexafluoroantimonate or, for example, a mixture of oxide acyl phosphines such as Irgacure TM 819 (BAPO) or Darocur TM TPO (Mono acyl phosphine (MAPO)), Darocure TM 4265 (a mixture of MAPO and ⁇ -hydroxyketone 50/50) marketed by Ciba and acetophenone- ⁇ -hydroxy- ⁇ , ⁇ -di-substituted.
  • a photoinitiator such as, for example, mixtures of benzophenone derivatives and tertiary amines, or cationic systems such as triphenylsulphonium hexafluoroantimonate or, for example, a mixture of oxide acyl phosphines such as Irg
  • compositions according to the invention of monomers and / or unpolymerized reactive prepolymers comprises:
  • MPDDA Methyl pentanediol diacrylate
  • composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers may comprise from 1% to 10% by weight of photoinitiator, preferably from 2% to 8% and more preferably from 3% to 6%.
  • composition of monomers and / or unpolymerized reactive prepolymers can be prepared by simple mixing of its components, using any type of mixer. The resulting mixture is stable and can be stored for several months at room temperature and away from direct sunlight.
  • composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers is applied in whole or in part to the facing using an applicator roll, a brush or a spray or other means for depositing a layer fine composition on the siding. This application can take place during or after the manufacture of the hydraulic binder plate.
  • the composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers may be applied in one or more layers.
  • the total thickness of said composition deposited on the facing is preferably from 5 to 100 microns, more preferably from 10 to 60 microns and even more preferably from 15 to 50 microns.
  • a polymerization may or may not be carried out between the layers.
  • composition of monomers and / or unpolymerized reactive prepolymers is applied in two layers of 20 microns with a polymerization between the two applications, instead of the application of a single layer of 40 microns .
  • the polymerization of the reactive monomers and / or prepolymers takes place under the action of radiation, preferably under the action of waves whose wavelength is in the visible spectrum to ultraviolet, or whose wavelength is shorter still. It is also conceivable that the polymerization takes place under the action of infra-red rays.
  • the radiations cause the polymerization by condensation reactions or additions of precursors of the polymer, in particular the radiation causes the crosslinking of precursors of the polymer. It is also conceivable that the polymerization takes place under the action of an electron beam. In this case, the composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers does not comprise a photoinitiator, since the energy of the electron beams is sufficient to create the free radicals necessary for the polymerization.
  • the polymer film is obtained by polymerization under the action of ultraviolet radiation.
  • Ultraviolet (UV) rays can excite or decompose the photoinitiator and cause the formation of free radicals or ions which leads to the polymerization of the prepolymer with the monomer.
  • the polymerizations can be carried out at a speed of passage under the UV lamp from 5 meters / minute to 30 meters / minute.
  • the total dose of energy received (in one or more times if necessary) by the composition of monomers and / or reactive prepolymers is preferably 300 to 1200 mJ / cm 2 .
  • the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of an inert gas, such as nitrogen, thereby reducing the amounts of photoinitiator in the composition, and also hardening the surface of the polymer film.
  • an inert gas such as nitrogen
  • the polymerization causes the formation of the polymer film.
  • This polymer film is preferably continuous. According to a first variant, this polymer film is located on one side of the hydraulic binder plate. According to a second variant, the two sides of the hydraulic binder plate are entirely or partially coated with the polymer film.
  • one side of the hydraulic binder plate is completely coated with the polymer film.
  • the polymer film may further comprise an anti-fungal agent, a coloring agent, pigments, an agent or a mineral filler to improve the adhesion of a joint or a paint or other surface application likely to to be deposited on the hydraulic binder plate (such as, for example, silica, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium oxide, hydroxide calcium or a powdery solid).
  • an anti-fungal agent such as, for example, silica, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium oxide, hydroxide calcium or a powdery solid.
  • the element according to the invention resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers for the field of construction comprises at least one framework.
  • This framework may be metal, fiber cement, wood, composite material or synthetic material.
  • This frame may be a metal structure, an amount or a rail.
  • the jointing component of the element according to the invention can be in high parts, in low parts or in lateral junctions, and it ensures the continuity of the performances fulfilled by the facade. This continuity must be ensured while being subject to the known stresses of the building, allowing the predictable differential behavior of the elements and taking into account the manufacturing tolerances and installation of these various elements.
  • This grouting component makes it possible to guarantee maximum sealing of the element according to the invention.
  • This grouting component may be chosen from a grouting compound, a putty (see for example NF DTU 44.1), a bituminous coating and a self-adhesive strip resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers.
  • a grouting coating it may comprise at least mineral fillers, water, a hydrophobic agent, an anti-fungal agent and / or a polymer.
  • the hydrophobic agent may for example be a silicone derivative. This agent allows in particular a better resistance to aggression of water vapor.
  • the grout may also comprise an aqueous dispersible organic binder, for example polyvinyl acetate and / or acrylic acid esters. This binder can make it possible to give the plaster a sufficient flexibility to withstand the mechanical stresses, and at the same time a sticky power to obtain a good grip on the overall surface.
  • a workability agent including a water-retaining agent and thickener, for example methylhydroxyethylcellulose.
  • the element according to the invention can be used to produce a light facade, a ceiling, a lining, an insulation system, or a partition for example a partition wall, a partition wall or a bulkhead.
  • the element according to the invention can be used to make a light facade.
  • the framework, the plate and the grouting component are assembled together.
  • Such a method is realized, for example, when gypsum boards coated with a cardboard facing with a jointing compound are assembled to form the envelope of a building separating the exterior from the inside, in particular light facades on non-load bearing framework or lightweight light structures.
  • a common technique of construction is to fix plasterboards on a metal frame comprising horizontal rails fixed for example to the floor and uprights.
  • This technique of building walls is relatively simple and inexpensive.
  • the invention relates to the use of a member resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers to achieve a light facade comprising at least: a plate based on hydraulic binder whose facing is coated in whole or part of a polymer film polymerized under the action of radiation;
  • said element does not include any membrane impervious to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
  • a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation; a frame;
  • said element does not include any membrane resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a hydraulic binder-based plate whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as a vapor barrier.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a hydraulic binder-based plate whose cladding is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as a rain cover.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a hydraulic binder based plate whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as windshield.
  • the Photomer TM are marketed by the company IGM Resins The Darocur 1" and Irgacure are marketed by the company Ciba. composition of ormules (% by weight)
  • the compounds of the chosen formula were loaded into a mixer and then stirred at ambient temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.
  • the mixture was stable and it could be stored for several months at room temperature and away from direct sunlight.
  • This mixture was applied on the siding of the standard BA13 type plasterboard using an applicator roll then cured. under the action of UV radiation. UVs can decompose the photoinitiator which leads to the polymerization of acrylic functions.
  • the polymerization was carried out at a speed of passage under the UV lamp from 5 meters / minute to 30 meters / minute, the received energy dose was sufficient to obtain the most complete polymerization possible and avoid any sticky effect on the surface of the polymer film.
  • UV and moisture aging tests in a Q-UV device as used in ISO-1 1507, or by exposure for several months outdoors, weather and sun with a daily watering of 2 hours, were carried out and showed a very good resistance of the formulas A to F.
  • the formula D showed no visible alteration after 4 months of exposure.
  • Formulas E and F were less viscous, with a measured viscosity of the order of 1700 mPa.s (Brookfield LVT) against about 4000 mPa.s for formulas A to D. After polymerization by exposure to UV radiation, formulas E and F gave softer polymer films than those of formulas A to D.
  • the polymerization was carried out after each layer by passing under a mercury vapor UV lamp with a nominal power of 80 Watt / cm.
  • the rate of passage in front of the lamp was 7 meters / minute and the actual dose received by the formula was 524 mJ / cm 2 at each pass.
  • the sample coated with the polymer film was exposed to the weather in outdoor conditions, with forced watering for two hours a day.
  • the performance and strength of the polymer film were assessed by measuring the water uptake using the Cobb test.
  • control sample was destroyed by the exposure conditions after 105 days and no measurement was possible at 105 days.

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Abstract

The invention relates to the dry construction of lightweight walls, especially the construction of load-bearing lightweight façades or non-load-bearing lightweight façades, that is those which do not contribute to the stability of the building. The invention specifically relates to an element comprising a panel based on a hydraulic binding agent, all or part of the face of which is coated with a polymer film obtained by polymerisation under the action of radiation; a structure; and a jointing component resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers. Said element does not comprise any membranes that are resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers.

Description

ELEMENT RESISTANT A DES TRANSFERTS D'AIR ET DES TRANSFERTS THERMOHYDRIQUES POUR LE DOMAINE DE LA CONSTRUCTION, NOTAMMENT DES  ELEMENT RESISTANT TO AIR TRANSFERS AND THERMOHYDRIC TRANSFERS IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION, IN PARTICULAR
MURS LEGERS OU DES FAÇADES LEGERES  LIGHT WALLS OR LIGHT FACADES
La présente invention se rapporte à la construction sèche de murs légers, et notamment la construction de façades légères porteuses ou non porteuses c'est-à-dire qui ne participent pas à la stabilité de l'édifice. The present invention relates to the dry construction of lightweight walls, including the construction of lightweight facades bearing or non-bearing that is to say, which do not participate in the stability of the building.
La façade d'un bâtiment représente son enveloppe et a pour rôle de créer une interface entre l'intérieur du bâtiment et l'extérieur. Les façades légères non porteuses sont des façades construites avec des matériaux industriels légers, sur une ossature de bâtiment par opposition à une construction traditionnelle en voile béton et en remplissage par la maçonnerie ou autre. Les façades légères non porteuses sont portées par la structure du bâtiment, que l'on nomme structure porteuse. Par définition, il est entendu que la structure porteuse s'appuie sur les fondations. Les façades légères non porteuses sont fixées à la structure porteuse par l'intermédiaire d'une ossature dite ossature primaire. Les façades légères non porteuses peuvent elles-même comprendre, lorsque nécessaire, une ossature que l'on nomme ossature secondaire, fixée à l'ossature primaire. Les façades légères porteuses sont quant à elles portées directement par les fondations.  The facade of a building represents its envelope and its role is to create an interface between the inside of the building and the outside. Non-load bearing lightweight façades are facades built with light industrial materials, on a building frame as opposed to a traditional construction in concrete veil and filling by masonry or other. Lightweight non-load-bearing façades are carried by the structure of the building, which is called the supporting structure. By definition, it is understood that the supporting structure is based on the foundations. Light non-load bearing facades are attached to the supporting structure via a so-called primary framing framework. Lightweight non-load-bearing facades can themselves include, when necessary, a framework that is called a secondary framework, attached to the primary framework. Lightweight load-bearing facades are carried directly by the foundations.
Les façades et tous ses joints (entre bâtis, entre bâti et remplissage, entre bâti et calfeutrements sur gros oeuvre, entre dormants et ouvrants, etc.) dans les conditions inhérentes à la construction et compte tenu des effets des actions du vent et de la pluie doivent assurer l'étanchéité à l'eau entre les ambiances intérieure et extérieure. L'étanchéité à l'eau est définie par la norme NF EN 12154 comme l'absence de pénétration d'eau qui mouillerait de manière continue ou répétée :  The facades and all its joints (between buildings, between building and filling, between buildings and caulks on shell, between dormant and opening, etc.) under the conditions inherent to the construction and taking into account the effects of the actions of the wind and the rain must ensure watertightness between indoor and outdoor environments. Watertightness is defined by standard NF EN 12154 as the absence of penetration of water that would wet continuously or repeatedly:
— des parties de la face intérieure de l'élément testé ; Parts of the inner face of the element under test;
— toute partie de l'élément testé destiné à rester sec et ne faisant pas partie du système de drainage vers l'extérieur. - any part of the tested element intended to remain dry and not part of the drainage system to the outside.
La protection par rapport à l'eau des façades est donc un point important et l'étanchéité hydrique ne peut pas être négligée. En effet, la pénétration de l'eau peut entraîner la dégradation des revêtements intérieurs des murs, la dégradation des performances énergétiques de la façade, ainsi que l'éclatement des matériaux gélifs. Lorsque la façade sépare une ambiance extérieure d'une ambiance intérieure, avec une pression de vapeur d'eau supérieure à l'intérieur, la vapeur d'eau contenue dans l'air intérieur aura tendance à migrer vers l'extérieur. En traversant le remplissage de la façade, la vapeur d'eau peut rencontrer une température suffisamment basse pour provoquer sa condensation à l'endroit où la température est égale au point de rosée. La présence d'humidité pourra alors altérer les matériaux, les collages, et dégrader les performances d'isolation de la façade, ces dégâts sont aggravés par les cycles alternés d'humidification et d'évaporation. Or pour éviter ce phénomène de condensation, il est possible de choisir la nature et la disposition des matériaux de remplissages en fonction du climat, en ajoutant sur le chantier une ou des membranes et / ou en appliquant une ou des résines ou films polymère sur le matériaux pour obtenir l'étanchéité à la vapeur, à l'air, au vent et/ou à la pluie. The protection against the water of the facades is therefore an important point and water tightness can not be neglected. In fact, the penetration of water can lead to the degradation of the interior cladding of the walls, the degradation of the energetic performances of the facade, as well as the bursting of the frost materials. When the facade separates an outdoor environment from an indoor one, with a higher water vapor pressure indoors, the water vapor contained in the indoor air will tend to migrate outward. Through the filling of the facade, the water vapor can meet a temperature low enough to cause its condensation at the place where the temperature is equal to the dew point. The presence of moisture can then alter the materials, the collages, and degrade the insulation performance of the facade, this damage is aggravated by the alternating cycles of humidification and evaporation. In order to avoid this phenomenon of condensation, it is possible to choose the nature and arrangement of the filler materials depending on the climate, by adding one or more membranes to the site and / or by applying one or more resins or polymer films on the surface. materials to achieve vapor, air, wind and / or rain tightness.
Des membranes peuvent être appliquées faisant face à la cavité de la façade du côté intérieure du bâtiment, pour empêcher le maximum de vapeur d'eau de pénétrer dans le remplissage (pare vapeur).  Membranes can be applied facing the cavity of the facade on the interior side of the building, to prevent the maximum of water vapor from entering the filling (vapor barrier).
Des membranes peuvent être appliquées au niveau de la façade du côté extérieure du bâtiment, pour empêcher le maximum de vent et de pluie de pénétrer dans le remplissage (pare vent et pare pluie). Un pare vent et pare pluie a pour avantage d'améliorer l'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau du bâtiment en évitant à la pluie et au vent de pénétrer dans le bâtiment et ainsi de dégrader les propriétés d'isolation des composants du bâtiment et leur durabilité. Ceci permet de contribuer à l'amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique du bâtiment.  Membranes can be applied to the facade on the exterior side of the building to prevent the maximum amount of wind and rain from entering the fill (wind and rain). A windbreak and rain cover has the advantage of improving the airtightness and watertightness of the building by preventing rain and wind from entering the building and thus degrade the insulation properties of the components. of building and their durability. This helps to improve the energy efficiency of the building.
L'inconvénient de telles membranes ou résines réside dans leur manque de fiabilité en terme d'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau. En effet, l'assemblage des membranes entre elles ainsi que leurs fixations génèrent des pertes d'étanchéité ce qui altère la performance thermique du bâtiment et diminue la fiabilité en terme d'étanchéité. De plus l'application sur chantier de ces membranes ou de ces résines est une étape supplémentaire pour l'installateur, étape qui consomme du temps et qui diminue la productivité du chantier. Enfin, ces membranes peuvent facilement être perforées pendant la construction du bâtiment.  The disadvantage of such membranes or resins lies in their lack of reliability in terms of tightness to air and water. Indeed, the assembly of the membranes together and their fasteners generate leaks which alters the thermal performance of the building and decreases the reliability in terms of sealing. In addition, the application on site of these membranes or resins is an additional step for the installer, a step that consumes time and reduces the productivity of the site. Finally, these membranes can easily be perforated during construction of the building.
Afin de répondre aux exigences des installateurs, il est devenu nécessaire de trouver un autre moyen pour ne plus recourir à l'installation de ces membranes ou l'application de ces résines, sur le chantier tout en conservant les propriétés qu'elles confèrent.  In order to meet the requirements of installers, it has become necessary to find another way to no longer resort to the installation of these membranes or the application of these resins, on site while retaining the properties they confer.
Aussi le problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est de fournir un nouveau moyen adapté pour bâtir des façades légères résistantes à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques évitant les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus.  Also the problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a new means adapted to build light facades resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above.
De manière inattendue, les inventeurs ont mis en évidence qu'il est possible sur le chantier de supprimer l'installation des membranes ou l'application des résines, qui sont imperméables aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques.  Unexpectedly, the inventors have demonstrated that it is possible on site to remove the installation of membranes or the application of resins, which are impervious to air transfers and thermohydric transfers.
Dans ce but la présente invention se rapporte à un élément résistant à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques pour le domaine de la construction comprenant :  For this purpose the present invention relates to an element resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers for the field of construction comprising:
une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations ; une ossature ; a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation; a frame;
un composant de jointoiement résistant aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques;  a grouting component resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer;
ledit élément ne comprend aucune membrane résistante aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques.  said element does not include any membrane resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
L'invention propose également l'utilisation de l'élément ci-dessus pour réaliser une façade légère.  The invention also proposes the use of the above element to achieve a light facade.
L'invention propose également une façade légère comprenant au moins l'élément décrit ci-dessus.  The invention also proposes a light facade comprising at least the element described above.
Enfin l'invention se rapporte également à l'utilisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations comme pare vapeur, pare pluie ou pare vent.  Finally, the invention also relates to the use of a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or in part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation such as vapor barrier, rain screen or windbreaker.
L'invention offre au moins un des avantages déterminants décrits ci-après.  The invention offers at least one of the critical advantages described below.
Avantageusement, l'élément selon l'invention permet de maintenir l'étanchéité à l'eau ou à l'air de la façade dans laquelle il est incorporé et d'augmenter la fiabilité en terme d'étanchéité de cette façade.  Advantageously, the element according to the invention makes it possible to maintain the watertightness or airtightness of the facade in which it is incorporated and to increase the reliability in terms of sealing of this facade.
Un autre avantage de l'élément selon l'invention, est qu'il permet de supprimer sur le chantier l'étape d'application des membranes ou des résines, étape qui consomme du temps et diminue la productivité du chantier.  Another advantage of the element according to the invention is that it makes it possible to eliminate on site the step of applying membranes or resins, a step that consumes time and decreases the productivity of the site.
De plus, l'élément selon l'invention permet une grande rapidité d'installation sur chantier.  In addition, the element according to the invention allows a great speed of installation on site.
L'élément selon l'invention offre comme autre avantage qu'il peut aussi être utilisé pour la construction de façades légères porteuses c'est-à-dire qui participent à la stabilité de l'édifice en particulier les constructions en Amérique du Nord sur ossatures légères par exemple en métal ou en bois.  The element according to the invention offers another advantage that it can also be used for the construction of lightweight facades that is to say that contribute to the stability of the building, particularly buildings in North America. lightweight frames for example metal or wood.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront clairement à la lecture de la description et des exemples donnés à titre purement illustratifs et non limitatifs qui vont suivre.  Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become clear from reading the description and examples given by way of purely illustrative and nonlimiting that will follow.
Par l'expression « façade légère», on entend de préférence selon la présente invention une façade comprenant une ou de multiples parois, dont une paroi extérieure, au moins, est caractérisée par:  By the term "light facade" is preferably meant according to the present invention a facade comprising one or more walls, at least one outer wall of which is characterized by:
• une masse faible, presque toujours inférieure à environ 100 kg/m2 (à comparer à plus de 200 kg/m2 des parois opaques de façades réalisées en maçonnerie ou en béton) ; • a low mass, almost always less than about 100 kg / m 2 (compared to more than 200 kg / m 2 of the opaque walls of facades made of masonry or concrete);
· l'utilisation de produits manufacturés généralement équipés de parements finis. · The use of manufactured products generally equipped with finished facings.
La façade légère peut être choisi parmi les façades rideaux, les façades rideaux intégrales, les façades rideaux filant verticalement, les façades semi-rideaux, les façades semi-rideaux intégrales, les façades semi-rideaux filant verticalement, les façades panneaux et les façades panneaux filant horizontalement. Tous ces termes sont définis dans la norme NF P28-001. The light facade can be chosen from curtain façades, integral curtain façades, vertically-running curtain façades, semi-curtain façades, integral semi-curtain façades, vertically-curtained semi-curtain façades, facades panels and facades panels running horizontally. All these terms are defined in standard NF P28-001.
Par l'expression « structure porteuse », on entend de préférence selon l'invention l'ensemble des éléments d'un ouvrage portant plus que leur propre poids. A titre d'exemple d'élément qui peut être porteur, on peut citer les poteaux, les refends, les planchers, les murs.  By the expression "supporting structure" is preferably meant according to the invention all the elements of a structure carrying more than their own weight. As an example of an element that can be a carrier, there may be mentioned poles, slats, floors, walls.
Par l'expression « ossature primaire », on entend de préférence selon l'invention l'ensemble des montants et des traverses en bois ou en métal ou en matériaux de synthèse se fixant sur la structure porteuse de la construction ou sur la fondation et qui sert de support à des éléments de l'ouvrage tels que des éléments de remplissage. A titre d'exemple, on peut citer les précadres. Il est à noter que dans certains cas particuliers l'ossature primaire peut être la structure porteuse, comme c'est le cas en Amérique du Nord (en anglais, le terme « load-bearing frame» est utilisé dans ce cas).  By the expression "primary framework" is preferably meant according to the invention all the uprights and crosspieces of wood or metal or synthetic materials attached to the supporting structure of the construction or foundation and which serves as support for structural elements such as filler elements. By way of example, mention may be made of precadres. It should be noted that in some particular cases the primary framework may be the supporting structure, as is the case in North America (in English, the term "load-bearing frame" is used in this case).
Par l'expression « ossature secondaire », on entend de préférence selon l'invention l'ensemble des montants et des traverses en bois ou en métal ou en matériaux de synthèse, directement fixé à l'ossature primaire et qui sert de support à des bâtis, des cadres, des remplissages ou à un bardage.  By the term "secondary framework" is preferably meant according to the invention all amounts and sleepers wood or metal or synthetic materials, directly attached to the primary frame and which serves as a support for frames, frames, fills or cladding.
Par l'expression « composant de jointoiement», on entend de préférence selon l'invention un dispositif pouvant assurer la continuité de l'étanchéité à l'eau, à la vapeur d'eau ou à l'air.  By the term "grouting component" is preferably meant according to the invention a device that can ensure the continuity of watertightness, water vapor or air.
Par l'expression « résistant à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques», on entend de préférence selon l'invention un matériau ou produit ayant une perméance contrôlée des transferts thermiques, hydriques et/ou d'air.  The expression "resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers" preferably means according to the invention a material or product having a controlled permeance of heat, water and / or air transfers.
Par l'expression « liant hydraulique », on entend de préférence selon la présente invention tout composé ayant la propriété de s'hydrater en présence d'eau et dont l'hydratation permet d'obtenir un solide ayant des caractéristiques mécaniques. Le liant hydraulique selon l'invention peut en particulier être un liant hydraulique à base de sulfate de calcium. De préférence, le liant hydraulique selon l'invention est du plâtre.  By the term "hydraulic binder" is preferably meant according to the present invention any compound having the property of hydrating in the presence of water and whose hydration makes it possible to obtain a solid having mechanical characteristics. The hydraulic binder according to the invention may in particular be a hydraulic binder based on calcium sulphate. Preferably, the hydraulic binder according to the invention is plaster.
Par l'expression « liants hydrauliques à base de sulfate de calcium », on entend selon l'invention les liants hydrauliques à base de sulfate de calcium partiellement anhydre ou totalement anhydre.  By the term "calcium sulfate hydraulic binders" is meant according to the invention the hydraulic binders based on partially anhydrous or totally anhydrous calcium sulfate.
Par les termes suivants, on entend de préférence selon la présente invention : The following terms are preferably used according to the present invention:
- CaSCU^h^O) pour gypse ou sulfate de calcium dihydraté ; - CaSCU ^ h ^ O) for gypsum or calcium sulfate dihydrate;
- CaSO4 «0.5H2O pour sulfate de calcium semihydrate ou sulfate de calcium partiellement anhydre ; CaSO 4 " 0.5H 2 O for calcium sulfate hemihydrate or partially anhydrous calcium sulfate;
- CaS04 pour sulfate de calcium anhydre ou anhydrite (type II ou type III) ou sulfate de calcium totalement anhydre. Par le terme "plâtre", on entend de préférence selon l'invention aussi bien le sulfate de calcium sous sa forme CaSC O.Sh^O que sous sa forme CaSCU^h^O) après hydratation (comme par exemple pour une plaque de plâtre). - CaSO 4 for anhydrous calcium sulphate or anhydrite (type II or type III) or totally anhydrous calcium sulphate. By the term "plaster" is preferably meant according to the invention both calcium sulphate in its CaSC form O.Sh ^ O and in its CaSCU form (h ^ O) after hydration (as for example for a plate of plaster).
Tout d'abord l'invention concerne un élément résistant à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques pour le domaine de la construction comprenant :  Firstly the invention relates to an element resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers for the field of construction comprising:
une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations ; une ossature ;  a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation; a frame;
un composant de jointoiement résistant aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques;  a grouting component resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer;
ledit élément ne comprend aucune membrane résistante aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques.  said element does not include any membrane resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
L'élément selon l'invention est un élément résistant aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques c'est-à-dire que cet élément possède une perméabilité contrôlée aux transferts d'air, d'eau sous forme de vapeur ou de liquide.  The element according to the invention is an element resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer, that is to say that this element has a controlled permeability to transfers of air, water in the form of vapor or liquid .
La plaque à base de liant hydraulique convenant pour l'élément selon l'invention peut être une plaque de ciment ou une plaque de plâtre, de préférence cette plaque est préfabriquée en usine de préfabrication.  The hydraulic binder-based plate suitable for the element according to the invention may be a cement slab or a plasterboard, preferably this slab is prefabricated in a prefabrication plant.
Les plaques ciments convenant pour l'élément selon l'invention peuvent être à base de ciment Portland, de ciment décrit conformément à la norme EN 197-1 , de ciment du type aluminate de calcium, de ciment magnésien ou de ciment sulfoalumineux et leurs mélanges. Les ciments à base d'aluminates de calcium comme par exemple les ciments alumineux ou les Ciments Fondus®, conviennent également selon l'invention ainsi que les ciments conformes à la norme NF EN 14647. Le ciment magnésien préféré comprend des carbonates de magnésium, des oxides de magnésium ou des silicates de magnésium, par exemple comme décrit dans le brevet US n°4,838,941 . Le ciment préféré convenant selon l'invention est le ciment Portland, seul ou en mélange avec d'autres ciments cités ci-dessus, comme par exemple les ciments sulfoalumineux. Le ciment Portland convenant tout particulièrement selon l'invention est celui décrit conformément à la norme EN 197-1. Les plaques ciments peuvent être produites par différents procédés et notamment par des procédés non continus (par exemple moulage, pressage, filtrage etc.). Des plaques ciment dites allégées de part l'incorporation de charges légères conviennent également pour l'élément selon l'invention. Ces charges légères sont généralement issues de roches naturelles ou de roches artificielles ou sont des charges issues des produits pétroliers, par exemple les billes de polystyrène. Des plaques ciment renforcées par l'incorporation de fibres conviennent également pour l'élément selon l'invention. Les plaques de plâtre convenant pour l'élément selon l'invention peuvent être composées d'un corps de plâtre coulé en usine entre deux feuilles de papier constituant à la fois son parement et son armature. En général, l'une des feuilles de papier utilisées pour fabriquer les plaques de plâtre est de couleur foncée, pouvant varier entre une couleur grise et une couleur marron, car elle est composée de fibres cellulosiques n'ayant pas subi un traitement de purification particulier. Classiquement, ce papier gris est obtenu à partir de pâte chimique non blanchie, et/ou de pâte mécanique, et/ou de pâte thermomécanique, et/ou de pâte mi-chimique. Par pâte mécanique, on entend générallement une pâte obtenue entièrement par des moyens mécaniques à partir de diverse matières premières, essentiellement du bois, pouvant être apportées par des produits de récupération issus du bois tels que les vieux cartons, des rognures de papier kraft et/ou de vieux journaux. Par pâte thermomécanique, on entend une pâte obtenue par traitement thermique suivi d'un traitement mécanique de la matière première. Par pâte mi-chimique, on entend une pâte obtenue en éliminant une partie des composants non cellulosiques contenus dans la matière première au moyen d'un traitement chimique, et nécessitant un traitement mécanique ultérieur pour disperser les fibres. L'autre feuille de papier utilisée pour fabriquer les plaques de plâtre présente une face visible appelée parement, de couleur généralement plus claire que la feuille grise. The cement plates that are suitable for the element according to the invention may be based on Portland cement, cement described according to EN 197-1, calcium aluminate cement, magnesium cement or sulfoaluminous cement cement, and mixtures thereof. . Cements based on calcium aluminates, for example aluminous cements or Cements Fondus ® , are also suitable according to the invention as well as cements conforming to standard NF EN 14647. The preferred magnesium cement comprises magnesium carbonates, magnesium oxides or magnesium silicates, for example as described in US Patent No. 4,838,941. The preferred cement that is suitable according to the invention is Portland cement, alone or in a mixture with other cements mentioned above, for example sulphoaluminous cements. The Portland cement that is particularly suitable according to the invention is that described according to the standard EN 197-1. The cement plates can be produced by various processes and in particular by non-continuous processes (for example molding, pressing, filtering, etc.). So-called lightweight cement plates from the incorporation of light loads are also suitable for the element according to the invention. These light loads are generally derived from natural rocks or artificial rocks or are loads from petroleum products, for example polystyrene beads. Cement plates reinforced by the incorporation of fibers are also suitable for the element according to the invention. Plasterboard suitable for the element according to the invention may be composed of a plaster body cast in the factory between two sheets of paper constituting both its facing and its frame. In general, one of the sheets of paper used to make the plasterboard is dark in color, which may vary between a gray color and a brown color, because it is composed of cellulosic fibers that have not undergone a particular purification treatment . Conventionally, this gray paper is obtained from unbleached chemical pulp, and / or mechanical pulp, and / or thermomechanical pulp, and / or semi-chemical pulp. By mechanical pulp is generally meant a paste obtained entirely by mechanical means from various raw materials, mainly wood, which can be provided by wood-based recovery products such as old cartons, kraft paper clippings and / or or old newspapers. By thermomechanical pulp is meant a paste obtained by heat treatment followed by a mechanical treatment of the raw material. By semi-chemical paste is meant a paste obtained by removing some of the non-cellulosic components contained in the raw material by means of a chemical treatment, and requiring subsequent mechanical treatment to disperse the fibers. The other sheet of paper used to make the plasterboard has a visible face called cladding, which is generally lighter in color than the gray sheet.
De préférence, la plaque à base de liant hydraulique qui convient pour l'élément selon l'invention est une plaque de plâtre présentant un coeur de gypse dont la densité peut évoluer en fonction de la distance par rapport à la surface, avec par exemple une couche de coeur de faible densité intégrant des agents moussants dans la pâte, cette couche de coeur étant prise en sandwich par des couches de surface à haute densité (couche dense). Un exemple de ce type de plaque est la plaque de plâtre conventionnelle du type BA13 avec couches denses.  Preferably, the hydraulic binder-based plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention is a plasterboard having a gypsum core whose density can vary as a function of the distance from the surface, with for example a low density core layer incorporating foaming agents into the paste, this core layer being sandwiched by high density surface layers (dense layer). An example of this type of plate is the conventional plasterboard of the type BA13 with dense layers.
La plaque à base de liant hydraulique qui convient pour l'élément selon l'invention peut comprendre un agent anti-fongique.  The hydraulic binder based plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may comprise an anti-fungal agent.
La plaque à base de liant hydraulique qui convient pour l'élément selon l'invention peut comprendre un agent hydrofuge.  The hydraulic binder-based plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may comprise a water-repellent agent.
La plaque de liant hydraulique convenant pour l'élément selon l'invention comprend au moins un parement. Les parements conventionnels utilisés dans la fabrication des plaques de plâtre conviennent tout particulièrement comme par exemple les parements en fibre de cellulose. On peut citer à titre d'exemple les parements en fibres de cellulose (papier, papier recyclé), en fibres synthétiques (polyester, polypropylène, polyethylène etc) ou en fibres inorganiques (les parements en fibre de verre, en fibres céramique, etc.). Les parements peuvent être tissés ou non tissés. Les fibres sont généralement jointées entre-elles à l'aide par exemple d'une résine thermosensible ou thermofusible comme les résines urée-formalhédyde, les résines acryliques, les résines mélamine-formaldéhyde avec ou sans additions d'urée ou les résines polyvinyl acétate. Il est également envisageable d'ajouter des charges légères entre les fibres. Par exemple, les parements commercialisés par la société Johns Manville International, Inc. ou commercialisés par la société Ahlstrom conviennent selon l'invention. The hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention comprises at least one facing. Conventional siding used in the manufacture of gypsum board is particularly suitable as for example the fiberglass facings. By way of example, cements made of cellulose fibers (paper, recycled paper), synthetic fibers (polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.) or inorganic fibers (siding made of fiberglass, ceramic fibers, etc.) may be mentioned. ). The facings may be woven or non-woven. The fibers are generally joined to one another using, for example, a thermosensitive or hot-melt resin such as urea-formaldehyde resins, resins acrylics, melamine-formaldehyde resins with or without urea additions or polyvinyl acetate resins. It is also conceivable to add light loads between the fibers. For example, siding marketed by Johns Manville International, Inc. or marketed by Ahlstrom are suitable according to the invention.
Selon une variante, la plaque de liant hydraulique convenant pour l'élément selon l'invention peut être revêtue sur une face, en tout ou partie, d'un film plastique métallisé réfléchissant le rayonnement infrarouge. A titre de film plastique métalisé, on peut citer le polyéthylène terephthalate métalisé ou le polyester métallisé. Par exemple, les couvertures de survie pourraient être utilisées pour revêtir un coté de la plaque de liant hydraulique convenant pour l'élément selon l'invention.  Alternatively, the hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention may be coated on one side, in whole or part, a metallized plastic film reflecting the infrared radiation. As metalized plastic film, mention may be made of metalized polyethylene terephthalate or metallized polyester. For example, the survival blankets could be used to coat one side of the hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention.
Selon une autre variante, la plaque de liant hydraulique qui convient pour l'élément selon l'invention peut être revêtue sur une face, en tout ou partie, d'un film plastique.  According to another variant, the hydraulic binder plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may be coated on one side, in whole or in part, with a plastic film.
Selon une autre variante, la plaque de liant hydraulique qui convient pour l'élément selon l'invention peut être revêtue sur une face, en tout ou partie d'un film métallique, par exemple un film en aluminium ou tout autre type de métal.  According to another variant, the hydraulic binder plate which is suitable for the element according to the invention may be coated on one side, in whole or part of a metal film, for example an aluminum film or any other type of metal.
La plaque de liant hydraulique convenant pour l'élément selon l'invention est revêtue, en tout ou partie, d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations. Ce type de film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations est également appelé polymère photoréticulé ou résine filmogène réticulable ou résine photosensible.  The hydraulic binder plate suitable for the element according to the invention is coated, in whole or in part, with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation. This type of polymer film obtained by radiation polymerization is also called photocrosslinked polymer or crosslinkable film-forming resin or photosensitive resin.
Une composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés est appliquée en tout ou partie sur le parement de la plaque de liant hydraulique. Cette composition de monomères et/ou prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés peut être à base des précurseurs suivants :  A composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers is applied in whole or in part to the facing of the hydraulic binder plate. This composition of unpolymerized monomers and / or prepolymers may be based on the following precursors:
un prépolymère à base d'une résine comprenant au moins un groupe insaturé tel que le groupe acrylate, méthacrylate, allyl, vinyl, époxy et/ou leurs mélanges tel que par exemple une résine acrylique, une résine méthacrylique une résine de polyester, une résine de polyester chlorée, une résine époxyde, une résine de mélamine, une résine de polyamide, une résine de silicone, une résine polyéther, une résine de polyuréthanne, une résine polyurée-uréthanne et / ou leurs mélanges. Parmi ces résines, les résines comprenant le groupe acrylate peuvent être partiellement modifiées par l'action d'une aminé. Parmi ces résines, les polyuréthannes comprenant des groupes acrylates et les époxydes comprenant des groupes acrylates sont particulièrement préférés selon l'invention. un monomère comprenant au moins un groupe réactif, par exemple un groupe insaturé. A titre de groupes réactifs on peut citer par exemple le groupe acrylate, méthacrylate, allyl, vinyl, époxy et / ou leurs mélanges. Parmi ces monomères les esters acryliques d'alcools comme l'isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), de diols comme le diéthylène glycol diacrylate (DEGDA), le tripropylène glycol diacrylatea prepolymer based on a resin comprising at least one unsaturated group such as acrylate, methacrylate, allyl, vinyl, epoxy group and / or their mixtures such as, for example, an acrylic resin, a methacrylic resin, a polyester resin, a resin chlorinated polyester, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a polyamide resin, a silicone resin, a polyether resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyurea-urethane resin and / or mixtures thereof. Among these resins, the resins comprising the acrylate group may be partially modified by the action of an amine. Among these resins, polyurethanes comprising acrylate groups and epoxides comprising acrylate groups are particularly preferred according to the invention. a monomer comprising at least one reactive group, for example an unsaturated group. As reactive groups include for example the acrylate group, methacrylate, allyl, vinyl, epoxy and / or mixtures thereof. Among these monomers, the acrylic esters of alcohols such as isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), diols such as diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate
(TPGDA), le bisphénol A diacrylate, ou de polyols comme le triméthylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), le glycérol propoxylé triacrylate (GPTA), le pentaerythritol tri- et tetra-acrylate, sont utilisables selon l'invention. Le méthyl pentanediol diacrylate (MPDDA) est particulièrement préféré selon l'invention. (TPGDA), bisphenol A diacrylate, or polyols such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), glycerol propoxylated triacrylate (GPTA), pentaerythritol tri- and tetra-acrylate, are usable according to the invention. Methyl pentanediol diacrylate (MPDDA) is particularly preferred according to the invention.
- un photoinitiateur, comme par exemple les mélanges de dérivés de benzophénone et d'amines tertiaires ou les systèmes cationiques tel le triphénylsulphonium hexafluoroantimonate ou comme par exemple un mélange d'oxide acyl phosphines tel l'Irgacure™ 819 (BAPO) ou le Darocur™ TPO (Mono acyl phosphine (MAPO)), le Darocure™ 4265 (mélange de MAPO et d'a- hydroxycétone 50/50) commercialisé par la société Ciba et d'acétophénone-a- hydroxy- α,β-di-substitué. Le 2 Hydroxy-2methyl-1 phenyl-propan-1 one (Darocure™ 1 173, commercialisé par la société Ciba) et le 1 -hydroxy- cyclohexyl-phenylcétone (Irgacure™ 184, commercialisé par la société Ciba) sont particulièrement préférés selon l'invention.  a photoinitiator, such as, for example, mixtures of benzophenone derivatives and tertiary amines, or cationic systems such as triphenylsulphonium hexafluoroantimonate or, for example, a mixture of oxide acyl phosphines such as Irgacure ™ 819 (BAPO) or Darocur ™ TPO (Mono acyl phosphine (MAPO)), Darocure ™ 4265 (a mixture of MAPO and α-hydroxyketone 50/50) marketed by Ciba and acetophenone-α-hydroxy-α, β-di-substituted. 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one (Darocure ™ 1173, marketed by the company Ciba) and 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl ketone (Irgacure ™ 184, sold by the company Ciba) are particularly preferred according to US Pat. 'invention.
Une des compositions préférées selon l'invention de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés comprend :  One of the preferred compositions according to the invention of monomers and / or unpolymerized reactive prepolymers comprises:
Oligomère d'époxy acrylate  Oligomer of epoxy acrylate
- Methyl pentanediol diacrylate (MPDDA)  - Methyl pentanediol diacrylate (MPDDA)
Oligomère d'uréthane acrylate  Urethane acrylate oligomer
- 2 Hydroxy-2methyl-1 phenyl-propan-1 one ou 1 -hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylcétone. 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one or 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketone.
La composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés peut comprendre de 1 % à 10 % en masse de photoinitiateur, préférentiellement de 2 % à 8 % et plus préférentiellement de 3 % à 6 %. The composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers may comprise from 1% to 10% by weight of photoinitiator, preferably from 2% to 8% and more preferably from 3% to 6%.
La composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés peut être préparée par simple mélange de ses composants, à l'aide de tout type de mélangeur. Le mélange obtenu est stable et il peut être conservé plusieurs mois à température ambiante et à l'abri de la lumière directe du soleil.  The composition of monomers and / or unpolymerized reactive prepolymers can be prepared by simple mixing of its components, using any type of mixer. The resulting mixture is stable and can be stored for several months at room temperature and away from direct sunlight.
La composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés est appliquée en tout ou partie sur le parement à l'aide d'un rouleau applicateur, d'un pinceau ou d'un pulvérisateur ou de tout autre moyen permettant de déposer une couche fine de composition sur le parement. Cette application peut avoir lieu pendant ou après la fabrication de la plaque de liant hydraulique. La composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés peut être appliquée en une couche ou plus. L'épaisseur totale de ladite composition déposée sur le parement est préférentiellement de 5 à 100 microns, plus préférentiellement de 10 à 60 microns et encore plus préférentiellement de 15 à 50 microns. Une polymérisation peut, ou non, être effectuée entre les couches. Selon une variante préférée de l'invention la composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés est appliquée en deux couches de 20 microns avec une polymérisation entre les deux applications, au lieu de l'application d'une seule couche de 40 microns. The composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers is applied in whole or in part to the facing using an applicator roll, a brush or a spray or other means for depositing a layer fine composition on the siding. This application can take place during or after the manufacture of the hydraulic binder plate. The composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers may be applied in one or more layers. The total thickness of said composition deposited on the facing is preferably from 5 to 100 microns, more preferably from 10 to 60 microns and even more preferably from 15 to 50 microns. A polymerization may or may not be carried out between the layers. According to a preferred variant of the invention the composition of monomers and / or unpolymerized reactive prepolymers is applied in two layers of 20 microns with a polymerization between the two applications, instead of the application of a single layer of 40 microns .
La polymérisation des monomères et/ou des prépolymères réactifs a lieu sous l'action de radiations, de préférence sous l'action d'ondes dont la longueur d'ondes se situe dans le spectre visible à ultraviolet, ou dont la longueur d'ondes est plus courte encore. Il est également envisageable que la polymérisation ait lieu sous l'action de rayons infra-rouges. Les radiations provoquent la polymérisation par des réactions de condensation ou d'additions des précursseurs du polymère, en particulier les radiations provoquent la réticulation des précursseurs du polymère. Il est également envisageable que la polymérisation ait lieu sous l'action d'un faisceau d'électrons. Dans ce cas, la composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs non polymérisés ne comprend pas de photoinitiateur, puisque l'énergie des faisceaux d'électrons est suffisante pour créer les radicaux libres nécessaires à la polymérisation.  The polymerization of the reactive monomers and / or prepolymers takes place under the action of radiation, preferably under the action of waves whose wavelength is in the visible spectrum to ultraviolet, or whose wavelength is shorter still. It is also conceivable that the polymerization takes place under the action of infra-red rays. The radiations cause the polymerization by condensation reactions or additions of precursors of the polymer, in particular the radiation causes the crosslinking of precursors of the polymer. It is also conceivable that the polymerization takes place under the action of an electron beam. In this case, the composition of unpolymerized reactive monomers and / or prepolymers does not comprise a photoinitiator, since the energy of the electron beams is sufficient to create the free radicals necessary for the polymerization.
De préférence, le film polymère est obtenu par la polymérisation sous l'action de radiations ultra-violets. Les rayons ultra-violets (UV) permettent d'exciter ou de décomposer le photoinitiateur et de provoquer la formation de radicaux libres ou d'ions ce qui conduit à la polymérisation du prépolymère avec le monomère.  Preferably, the polymer film is obtained by polymerization under the action of ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet (UV) rays can excite or decompose the photoinitiator and cause the formation of free radicals or ions which leads to the polymerization of the prepolymer with the monomer.
Les polymérisations peuvent être réalisées à une vitesse de passage sous la lampe UV de 5 mètres / minute à 30 mètres / minute. La dose totale d'énergie reçue (en une fois ou plus si nécessaire) par la composition de monomères et/ou de prépolymères réactifs est préférentiellement de 300 à 1200 mJ/cm2. The polymerizations can be carried out at a speed of passage under the UV lamp from 5 meters / minute to 30 meters / minute. The total dose of energy received (in one or more times if necessary) by the composition of monomers and / or reactive prepolymers is preferably 300 to 1200 mJ / cm 2 .
La polymérisation peut être réalisée en présence d'un gaz inerte, tel que l'azote, ceci permettant de réduire les quantités de photoinitiateur dans la composition, et également de durcir la surface du film polymère.  The polymerization can be carried out in the presence of an inert gas, such as nitrogen, thereby reducing the amounts of photoinitiator in the composition, and also hardening the surface of the polymer film.
La polymérisation provoque la formation du film polymère. Ce film polymère est de préférence continu. Selon une première variante, ce film polymère est localisé sur un seul coté de la plaque de liant hydraulique. Selon une deuxième variante, les 2 côtés de la plaque de liant hydraulique sont revêtus en tout ou partie par le film polymère.  The polymerization causes the formation of the polymer film. This polymer film is preferably continuous. According to a first variant, this polymer film is located on one side of the hydraulic binder plate. According to a second variant, the two sides of the hydraulic binder plate are entirely or partially coated with the polymer film.
En particulier, un coté de la plaque de liant hydraulique est revêtue en totalité par le film polymère. Selon une autre variante de l'invention, il est possible d'appliquer deux films polymère ou plus, l'un sur l'autre, sur le parement de la plaque de liant hydraulique. En conséquence, les performances de la plaque de liant hydraulique sont améliorées. In particular, one side of the hydraulic binder plate is completely coated with the polymer film. According to another variant of the invention, it is possible to apply two or more polymer films, one on the other, on the facing of the hydraulic binder plate. As a result, the performance of the hydraulic binder plate is improved.
Le film polymère peut comprendre en outre un agent anti-fongique, un agent colorant, des pigments, un agent ou une charge minérale permettant d'améliorer l'accrochage d'un joint ou d'une peinture ou de toute autre application de surface suceptible d'être déposé sur la plaque de liant hydraulique (comme par exemple de la silice, du carbonate de calcium, du dioxyde de titane, du carbonate de magnésium, du sulfate de calcium, de l'oxyde de magnésium, de l'hydroxyde de calcium ou un solide pulvérulent).  The polymer film may further comprise an anti-fungal agent, a coloring agent, pigments, an agent or a mineral filler to improve the adhesion of a joint or a paint or other surface application likely to to be deposited on the hydraulic binder plate (such as, for example, silica, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium oxide, hydroxide calcium or a powdery solid).
L'élément selon l'invention résistant à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques pour le domaine de la construction comprend au moins une ossature. Celle-ci peut être secondaire ou primaire. Cette ossature peut être en métal, en fibres- ciment, en bois, en matériau composite ou en matériau de synthèse. Cette ossature peut être une structure métallique, un montant ou un rail.  The element according to the invention resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers for the field of construction comprises at least one framework. This can be secondary or primary. This framework may be metal, fiber cement, wood, composite material or synthetic material. This frame may be a metal structure, an amount or a rail.
Le composant de jointoiement de l'élément selon l'invention peut être en parties hautes, en parties basses ou en jonctions latérales, et il assure la continuité des performances remplies par la façade. Cette continuité doit être assurée tout en étant soumise aux sollicitations connues du bâtiment, en permettant les comportements différentiels prévisibles des éléments et en tenant compte des tolérances de fabrication et de pose de ces différents éléments. Ce composant de jointoiement permet de garantir une étanchéité maximale de l'élément selon l'invention.  The jointing component of the element according to the invention can be in high parts, in low parts or in lateral junctions, and it ensures the continuity of the performances fulfilled by the facade. This continuity must be ensured while being subject to the known stresses of the building, allowing the predictable differential behavior of the elements and taking into account the manufacturing tolerances and installation of these various elements. This grouting component makes it possible to guarantee maximum sealing of the element according to the invention.
Ce composant de jointoiement peut être choisi parmi un enduit de jointoiement, un mastic (voir par exemple NF DTU 44.1 ), un enduit bitumineux et une bande autocollante résistante à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques.  This grouting component may be chosen from a grouting compound, a putty (see for example NF DTU 44.1), a bituminous coating and a self-adhesive strip resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers.
Dans le cas d'un enduit de jointoiement, celui-ci peut comprendre au moins des charges minérales, de l'eau, un agent hydrophobe, un agent anti-fongique et/ou un polymère. L'agent hydrophobe peut être par exemple un dérivé de silicone. Cet agent permet notamment une meilleure résistance à l'agression de la vapeur d'eau. L'enduit de jointoiement peut aussi comprendre un liant organique dispersable en phase aqueuse, par exemple des polyacétates de vinyle et/ou des esters d'acide acrylique. Ce liant peut permettre de conférer à l'enduit une souplesse suffisante pour résister aux contraintes mécaniques, et en même temps un pouvoir collant pour obtenir une bonne accroche sur la surface d'ensemble. En outre, on prévoit dans la composition de l'enduit un agent de maniabilité, notamment un agent rétenteur d'eau et épaississant, par exemple de la méthylhydroxyéthylcellulose. L'élément selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour réaliser une façade légère, un plafond, un doublage, un système d'isolation, ou une cloison par exemple une cloison séparative, une cloison de distribution ou une contre-cloison. In the case of a grouting coating, it may comprise at least mineral fillers, water, a hydrophobic agent, an anti-fungal agent and / or a polymer. The hydrophobic agent may for example be a silicone derivative. This agent allows in particular a better resistance to aggression of water vapor. The grout may also comprise an aqueous dispersible organic binder, for example polyvinyl acetate and / or acrylic acid esters. This binder can make it possible to give the plaster a sufficient flexibility to withstand the mechanical stresses, and at the same time a sticky power to obtain a good grip on the overall surface. In addition, there is provided in the composition of the coating a workability agent, including a water-retaining agent and thickener, for example methylhydroxyethylcellulose. The element according to the invention can be used to produce a light facade, a ceiling, a lining, an insulation system, or a partition for example a partition wall, a partition wall or a bulkhead.
L'élément selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour réaliser une façade légère. Dans ce cas, on assemble l'ossature, la plaque et le composant de jointoiement entre eux. Un tel procédé est réalisé, par exemple, lorsqu'on assemble des plaques de plâtre revêtues d'un parement en carton avec un enduit de jointoiement, pour réaliser l'enveloppe d'un bâtiment séparant l'extérieur de l'intérieur, notamment des façades légères sur ossature non porteuse ou des structures légères porteuses.  The element according to the invention can be used to make a light facade. In this case, the framework, the plate and the grouting component are assembled together. Such a method is realized, for example, when gypsum boards coated with a cardboard facing with a jointing compound are assembled to form the envelope of a building separating the exterior from the inside, in particular light facades on non-load bearing framework or lightweight light structures.
Une technique commune de construction est de fixer des plaques de plâtres sur une ossature métallique comprenant des rails horizontaux fixés par exemple au plancher et des montants verticaux. Cette technique de construction de murs est relativement simple et peu coûteuse.  A common technique of construction is to fix plasterboards on a metal frame comprising horizontal rails fixed for example to the floor and uprights. This technique of building walls is relatively simple and inexpensive.
L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un élément résistant à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques pour réaliser une façade légère comprenant au moins : une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère polymérisé sous l'action de radiations ;  The invention relates to the use of a member resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers to achieve a light facade comprising at least: a plate based on hydraulic binder whose facing is coated in whole or part of a polymer film polymerized under the action of radiation;
une ossature ;  a frame;
un composant de jointoiement imperméable aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques;  a grouting component impervious to air transfer and thermohydric transfer;
ledit élément ne comprend aucune membrane imperméable aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques.  said element does not include any membrane impervious to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
L'invention concerne également une façade légère comprenant au moins un élément résistant à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques pour le domaine de la construction comprenant :  The invention also relates to a light facade comprising at least one element resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers for the field of construction comprising:
une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations ; une ossature ;  a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation; a frame;
un composant de jointoiement résistant aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques;  a grouting component resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer;
ledit élément ne comprend aucune membrane résistante aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques.  said element does not include any membrane resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations comme pare vapeur. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations comme pare pluie. The invention also relates to the use of a hydraulic binder-based plate whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as a vapor barrier. The invention also relates to the use of a hydraulic binder-based plate whose cladding is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as a rain cover.
L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations comme pare vent.  The invention also relates to the use of a hydraulic binder based plate whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as windshield.
Les exemples suivants illustrent l'invention sans en limiter la portée. EXEMPLES The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting its scope. EXAMPLES
1 - Description d'un mode de réalisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique avec un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action des UV : 1 - Description of an embodiment of a plate based on hydraulic binder with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of UV:
Les composés chimiques suivants ont été utilisés pour réaliser la plaque à base de liant hydraulique utilisée dans l'élément selon l'invention : The following chemical compounds have been used to make the hydraulic binder-based plate used in the element according to the invention:
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
"Les Photomer™ sont commercialisés par la société IGM Resins. Les Darocur1" et les Irgacure sont commercialisés par la société Ciba. composition des ormules (% en masse) "The Photomer ™ are marketed by the company IGM Resins The Darocur 1" and Irgacure are marketed by the company Ciba. composition of ormules (% by weight)
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000013_0002
*en pourcentages en masse  * in percentages by mass
Les composés de la formule choisie ont été chargés dans un mélangeur, puis agités à température ambiante jusqu'à l'obtention d'un mélange homogène. Le mélange était stable et il a pu être conservé plusieurs mois à température ambiante et à l'abri de la lumière directe du soleil. Ce mélange a été appliqué sur le parement des plaques de plâtre standard du type BA13 à l'aide d'un rouleau applicateur puis mis à polymériser sous l'action des radiations UV. Les UV permettent de décomposer le photoinitiateur ce qui conduit à la polymérisation des fonctions acryliques. The compounds of the chosen formula were loaded into a mixer and then stirred at ambient temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. The mixture was stable and it could be stored for several months at room temperature and away from direct sunlight. This mixture was applied on the siding of the standard BA13 type plasterboard using an applicator roll then cured. under the action of UV radiation. UVs can decompose the photoinitiator which leads to the polymerization of acrylic functions.
La polymérisation a été réalisée à une vitesse de passage sous la lampe UV de 5 mètres / minute à 30 mètres / minute, la dose d'énergie reçue était suffisante pour obtenir la polymérisation la plus complète possible et éviter tout effet collant à la surface du film de polymère. The polymerization was carried out at a speed of passage under the UV lamp from 5 meters / minute to 30 meters / minute, the received energy dose was sufficient to obtain the most complete polymerization possible and avoid any sticky effect on the surface of the polymer film.
2 - Essais de vieillissement par exposition aux UV et à l'humidité d'une plaque : 2 - UV aging and moisture tests of a plate:
Des essais de vieillissement par exposition aux UV et à l'humidité dans un appareil Q-UV, tel qu'utilisé dans la norme ISO-1 1507, ou par exposition pendant plusieurs mois à l'extérieur, aux intempéries et au soleil avec un arrosage quotidien de 2 heures, ont été réalisés et ont montré une très bonne résistance des formules A à F. En particulier la formule D n'a montré aucune altération visible après 4 mois d'exposition. UV and moisture aging tests in a Q-UV device, as used in ISO-1 1507, or by exposure for several months outdoors, weather and sun with a daily watering of 2 hours, were carried out and showed a very good resistance of the formulas A to F. In particular the formula D showed no visible alteration after 4 months of exposure.
Les formules E et F étaient moins visqueuses, avec une viscosité mesurée de l'ordre de 1700 mPa.s (Brookfield LVT) contre environ 4000 mPa.s pour les formules A à D. Après polymérisation par exposition aux radiations UV, les formules E et F ont donné des films de polymère plus souples que ceux des formules A à D. L'application d'une première couche de la formule F, suivie de sa polymérisation, puis l'application d'une seconde couche de la formule D ou E, suivie de sa polymérisation, ont permis d'obtenir un film polymère souple et très résistant.  Formulas E and F were less viscous, with a measured viscosity of the order of 1700 mPa.s (Brookfield LVT) against about 4000 mPa.s for formulas A to D. After polymerization by exposure to UV radiation, formulas E and F gave softer polymer films than those of formulas A to D. The application of a first layer of formula F, followed by its polymerization, then the application of a second layer of formula D or E, followed by its polymerization, made it possible to obtain a flexible and very resistant polymer film.
La formule D a été appliquée en deux couches successives, respectivement de 25 microns et de 19 microns (épaisseur totale = 44 microns). La polymérisation a été réalisée après chaque couche par passage sous une lampe UV à vapeur de mercure de puissance nominale de 80 Watt/cm. La vitesse de passage devant la lampe était de 7 mètres / minute et la dose réelle reçue par la formule était de 524 mJ/cm2 à chaque passage. L'échantillon revêtu du film de polymère a été exposé aux intempéries en conditions extérieur, avec un arrosage forcé de deux heures par jour. La performance et la résistance du film de polymère ont été appréciées par la mesure de la reprise en eau à l'aide du test Cobb. Formula D was applied in two successive layers, respectively 25 microns and 19 microns (total thickness = 44 microns). The polymerization was carried out after each layer by passing under a mercury vapor UV lamp with a nominal power of 80 Watt / cm. The rate of passage in front of the lamp was 7 meters / minute and the actual dose received by the formula was 524 mJ / cm 2 at each pass. The sample coated with the polymer film was exposed to the weather in outdoor conditions, with forced watering for two hours a day. The performance and strength of the polymer film were assessed by measuring the water uptake using the Cobb test.
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000014_0001
"L'échantillon témoin était détruit par les conditions d'exposition au bout de 105 jours et aucune mesure n'était possible à 105 jours.  "The control sample was destroyed by the exposure conditions after 105 days and no measurement was possible at 105 days.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Elément résistant à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques pour le domaine de la construction comprenant : Element resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers for the field of construction comprising:
une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations ; une ossature ;  a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation; a frame;
un composant de jointoiement résistant aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques;  a grouting component resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer;
ledit élément ne comprend aucune membrane résistante aux transferts d'air et aux transferts thermohydriques. said element does not include any membrane resistant to air transfer and thermohydric transfer.
Elément selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la plaque à base de liant hydraulique est une plaque de ciment ou une plaque de plâtre. Element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic binder-based plate is a cement slab or a plasterboard.
Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le film polymère est obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations ultraviolets. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer film is obtained by polymerization under the action of ultraviolet radiation.
Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'ossature est en métal, en fibres-ciment, en bois, en matériau composite ou en matériau de synthèse. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the framework is made of metal, fiber cement, wood, composite material or synthetic material.
Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le composant de jointoiement est un enduit de jointoiement, un mastic, un enduit bitumineux ou une bande autocollante résistante à des transferts d'air et à des transferts thermohydriques. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grouting component is a grouting compound, a putty, a bituminous coating or a self-adhesive strip resistant to air transfers and thermohydric transfers.
Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le composant de jointoiement est un enduit de jointoiement comprenant au moins des charges minérales, de l'eau, un agent hydrophobe, un agent antifongique et/ou un polymère. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grouting component is a grouting compound comprising at least mineral fillers, water, a hydrophobic agent, an antifungal agent and / or a polymer.
Utilisation d'un élément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 pour réaliser une façade légère, un plafond, un doublage, un système d'isolation ou une cloison par exemple une cloison séparative, une cloison de distribution ou une contre-cloison. Use of an element according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 for producing a light façade, a ceiling, a lining, an insulation system or a partition, for example a partition wall, a partition wall or a partition wall .
8. Façade légère comprenant au moins un élément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6. 8. Light facade comprising at least one element according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. Utilisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations comme pare vapeur. 9. Use of a hydraulic binder-based plate whose cladding is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as a vapor barrier.
10. Utilisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations comme pare pluie. 10. Use of a hydraulic binder-based plate whose cladding is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as a rain cover.
1 1 . Utilisation d'une plaque à base de liant hydraulique dont le parement est revêtu en tout ou partie d'un film polymère obtenu par polymérisation sous l'action de radiations comme pare vent. 1 1. Use of a plate based on hydraulic binder whose coating is coated in whole or part with a polymer film obtained by polymerization under the action of radiation as windshield.
PCT/FR2012/050352 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Element resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers in the field of construction, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight façades WO2012114028A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

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EP12709934.9A EP2678487A1 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Element resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers in the field of construction, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight façades
BR112013021230A BR112013021230A2 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Resistant element to air transfer and thermal and water transfer in the construction field, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight facades
UAA201311110A UA109808C2 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 The element steady against the wind-carrying, the warmth - and hydrocarrying in the field of construction, particularly for the lightened walls or lightened facades
KR20137023324A KR20140050578A (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Element resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers in the field of construction, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight facades
US14/000,496 US20130318901A1 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Element Resistant to Air Transfers and Thermal and Hydric Transfers in the Field of Construction, Especially for Lightweight Walls or Lightweight Facades
RU2013142585/03A RU2565309C2 (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Member stable to air transfer and to heat- and hydrotransfer in construction industry, namely for light-weight walls or light-weight faces
MX2013009616A MX2013009616A (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Element resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers in the field of construction, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight faã‡ades.
CN201280009649.9A CN103649432A (en) 2011-02-21 2012-02-17 Element resistant to air transfers and thermal and hydric transfers in the field of construction, especially for lightweight walls or lightweight facades

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PCT/FR2011/050357 WO2012127126A1 (en) 2011-02-21 2011-02-21 Element that is resistant to air movements and thermohydric movements for the field of construction, in particular of light walls or light frontages
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