FR2941247A1 - ECORESPONSABLE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM INDUSTRIALIZED. - Google Patents

Abstract

Industrialized building system, characterized in that the structural elements of a building, vertical, horizontal and / or inclined are made from rigid PVC profiles or other, filled with epoxy resin paste having a different formula according to the application. All vertical, horizontal and / or inclined insulations in a building are made of an element composed of a hardboard agglomerator or similar, having undergone a chemical treatment to adapt it to the intended application according to the type of insulation longed for.

Description

The invention relates to an industrialized construction system. Known construction systems include wood and concrete, which requires water. Wood and water are taken from the natural environment. With the aim of avoiding this drawback, the subject of the present invention is an industrialized construction system, characterized in that the structural elements of a building, vertical, horizontal and / or inclined, are made from rigid PVC sections. or others, filled with epoxy resin paste having a different formula depending on the application.

According to other characteristics of the invention: all the vertical, horizontal and / or inclined insulations in a building are made of an element composed of a "hardboard" type agglomerator or the like, having undergone a chemical treatment to adapt it the desired application according to the type of isolation desired; the structural elements are manufactured with different geometric shapes, such as rectangular, square, circular, angled with several different degrees of opening, angular "Y", "T", "I", or other shapes and dimensions for the manufacture of subsystems; - the structural components: parallel lattice, angled lattice, simple frames, composite and articulated frames, combined supports and others, can be made with metal connectors toothed galvanized steel or similar, with a mechanical fastening made before the complete taking of the filling paste, by fixing the connectors or the screws or other fasteners inside this paste, during the setting process, thus considerably increasing the strength of the structural bonds; - the elements for the construction of the walls are composed by amounts, in quantities and pre-calculated dimensions necessary to obtain the compressive strength and under other tensions, the components of the walls being coated on both sides with components, the fixing being carried out with PVA-based glue, reinforced by self-locking screws screwed into the filling paste before it is completely set; - the elements that form the walls are made in several geometric shapes, following different architectural projects of the building, using columns-uprights according to the desired geometric profiles; the cells between the upright columns and / or the crosspieces of a wall-forming element are filled with different insulating material according to the desired purpose, thermal insulation in the external walls and / or acoustic insulation in the internal walls or divisions of the walls. building parts without any modification of the technology used in the manufacture of wall elements; - the cells are pre-integrated the components of the electrical and / or hydraulic installations, for both hot and cold water, and also the sanitary installations and other installations provided for in the project, such as, for example, example, data cable installations, alarms, security, closed circuit, heating; - on the outer side of the walls of the insulation elements that form the walls, several different types of finish are applied, such as ceramic coatings, plaster, epoxy-based paste, texture paint and / or or granulate or painted lime, allowing various kinds of finishing on both sides of the walls; - the structural elements are dimensioned for the respective tensile strength under flexion, and manufactured to serve as beams and spars in panels for ceiling and / or floor slabs, both as single elements and as parallel lattices ; - The beams-beams are interconnected by crosspieces, constituting a structural matrix which on both sides, upper and lower, will be closed by chemically treated plates, the lower side serving as ceiling or ceiling finish support and the upper side as a floor, ready to receive the finish of the floor indicated in the building project; - the cells between the beams-beams and / or the cross-members of the elements will be filled with acoustic insulation material such as rockwool and / or polyurethane foam, once the electrical installations and / or various other planned in the project were pre-integrated; the structural elements are calculated and manufactured with the strengths indicated for compression and / or flexural tensile strength, to obtain lattice, framework or other structural assemblies to serve as a roofing and support structure for the material of roof, with the inclinations envisaged in the project, the connections being made; the sleepers, which serve as support for the tiles, are calculated and manufactured with a high tensile strength under flexion to allow greater distances between the lattices; elements designed to withstand compression and flexural traction are used for the manufacture of roof slabs with very small inclinations, producing flat roof bases; the resulting structures are covered on the lower side to receive a ceiling finish and the upper side with elements, having high resistance to compressive and flexural tensile stresses and high impermeability, and ready to receive a finish final cover with a synthetic coating and / or ceramic coating, or other coatings / finishes specified in the project.

Other features are apparent from the following description given by way of illustration with reference to the drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents a structural component that can be used as a vertical upright in a wall panel; FIG. 2 represents a structural component that can be used as a panel; 90 ° angle wall; FIG. 3 shows a structural component that can be used as a geometric wall panel of Y; FIG. 4 represents a longitudinal structural component that can be used as a beam or a beam in the manufacture of panel panels; floor according to Example 4, - Figure 5 shows a structural component used as a lattice element for roofing structures, - Figure 6 shows a structural component used as a wall mounting guide and / or upper belt, - The figure 7 represents a component intended for support rails for receiving roofing tiles, - FIG. Fig. 9 shows the composition of a wall panel, similar to that of Fig. 8, but with acoustic insulation made of soft polyurethane foam, - Fig. 10 represents the composition details of a ceiling slab panel according to Example 4, - Figure 11 shows a "Fink" type lattice according to Example 5, - Figure 12 represents a "Fink" type lattice manufactured as shown, - Figure 13 shows a composition of guides used for the mounting of wall panels, - Figure 14 shows a construction of support beam to receive tiles, - Figure 15 shows a connection device, - The FIG. 16 shows an angle for fixing roof structure trellis on a floor slab, manufactured according to example 4. FIG. 17 shows a rigid PVC profile, usable as a vertical junction of wall panels, according to FIG. Example 7, - The FIG. 18 represents a component manufactured according to example 1, intended to receive the junction of FIG. 17; FIG. 19 represents in schematic form the components at their locations, in a two-level prototype according to example 7, FIG. FIG. 1 is a prototype section assembled with two levels, according to example 7. FIGS. 1 to 7 are examples of components constructed according to example 1, showing the parts 1 made of PVC or aluminum profile, and FIG. filling with an epoxy paste. In FIG. 8, the structural components 1 are in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2. The coatings 3 are chemically treated panels according to example 2. The glue and screw fastener 4 is in accordance with example 3. The material of FIG. thermal insulation 5 is in EPS.

The outer coating is in litho-ceramic 6 and epoxy coated 7; the inner lining consists of a gypsum board 8 and textured paint 9. In Figure 10, the longitudinal beams 1, 2 are in accordance with Figure 4; the chemically treated coating panels 3 are in accordance with Example 2; the attachment 4 to glue and screw is in accordance with Example 4; the acoustic insulation material 5 is rockwool; the upper part (floor) carries a ceramic floor covering 10, and the lower part (ceiling) has a ceiling covering made of PVC 12 and acrylic paint 9. In Figure 11, the structural components 1 conform to the Example 1 and in Figure 5, the connectors 13 of the type "Gang-Nail" are fixed by self-locking screws and the pins 14 are intended to receive the sleepers.

In FIG. 12, the mesh receives as a pediment coating a chemically treated panel 3 according to example 2, fixed at 4 to the lattice by glue and screws, and an acrylic coating 9 or an epoxy coating on the outside . In FIG. 13, the profiles manufactured according to FIG. 6 are provided with fixing fingers 14. In FIG. 14, the holes intended to receive the fingers 14 are situated on the upper uprights of the covering structure meshes of FIG. In FIG. 15, a rigid PVC profile connection sleeve 25 receives the ends of two crosspieces according to example 6, with an orifice 15 for receiving the finger 14, on the upper upright of the lattice of the covering structure, according to FIG. In FIG. 18, the component manufactured according to example 1 is intended to serve as a receiving part of the junction of FIG. 17, in T-shaped junctions for partition walls, provided with fixing holes. 15. In Figure 19, the lower guide is in accordance with Figures 6 and 13, the fingers 14 are fixed to the foundation belt with an epoxy adhesive 16. A wall panel manufactured according to Example 3 is mounted with a fitted groove on the e guide and glued with epoxy glue 16, and it is vertically joined to the next panel to be mounted, by means of PVC junction profile according to Figure 17. Then the upper guide is placed in the upper groove portion of the wall panel, with the fingers 14 penetrating the holes in the top rail of the panel frame 15 and glued to the epoxy glue. Then is set up the floor slab panel manufactured according to Example 4, with the piece according to Figure 6, and glued with the glue 16.

In the upper floor is recessed lower guide according to Figures 6 and 13, for mounting wall panels through the fingers 14 in the orifices 15 located on the upper part of the floor slab panel. The assembly continues with the installation of the wall panel and the upper guide and the installation of the ceiling slab panel, repeating the sequence of operations as for the first level. Above the ceiling panels, manufactured according to Example 4, angles according to Figure 16 are fixed by screws, to receive the lattices mounted according to Example 5, and fixed to the epoxy glue.

The cross members according to FIGS. 7 and 14 are held by the fingers 14 located on the upper upright of the trellises, thanks to the fingers 14, or to the connecting sleeve parts according to FIG. 15 thanks to the finger 14 and to the lateral introduction. sleepers. In this figure are represented different types of lithoceramic finishes 6 and coating 7 with coating on the outer wall part, gypsum board plate 8 or acrylic coating 9 on the inner part of the wall, ceramic or vinyl flooring 11, on the lower part of the floor and ceiling panels according to Example 4.

The description of the invention of an industrialized eco-friendly building system, presented here by way of example, deals with the innovation of wall construction systems, floor and ceiling slabs and roof structures and also electrical installations and / or hydraulic installations and / or sanitary installations, toilets and / or bathrooms, or other installations normally included in building structures located in walls and / or floor slabs and / or ceiling tiles, or framing structures, and / or windows and / or pre-mounted doors.

The system presented by this invention does not use superstructures or any subsystems: wood, molds, steel, concrete, and therefore does not require water at all. No water is needed to build buildings using these techniques. Thus, these constructions are clean, without rubble or any waste of material. According to the principles of this invention no environmentally harmful material is used. The construction becomes a montage of several components previously prepared to be installed on the site. For the reasons presented above, this system claims the Ecoresponsible label. The constructions made according to this invention do not use heavy machinery, such as concrete mixers, cranes, concrete pumps or other equivalent equipment. All the assembly and construction of the superstructure is carried out by workers without specific training with hand tools, but with controllable quality and accuracy, thanks to the high degree of industrialization of these components. The technology presented in this invention is all structurally supporting systems and subsystems having exceptional structural capacity, meeting, and even exceeding applicable standards. Due to the low weight of the structure, these constructions have a very high strength factor compared to the weight, which means a higher strength-to-weight ratio than the concrete normally used in load-bearing structures.

In fact, buildings built according to this model do not need additional structures, such as pillars, concrete or steel beams for buildings with up to 4 storeys. Due to the non-use of natural material for the structural part, such as wood or reinforced concrete, no type of application of noise protection products is necessary against deterioration due to aging, corrosion, and waterproofing and other treatments of this kind are avoided. The elements, and especially the structural components used to construct according to the methods recommended by this invention, are physically inert and do not suffer from deterioration and / or deformations due to torsional, tensile, structural fatigue, aging, corrosion, pest attack, moisture erosion, or other phenomena that normally affect building materials normally used for conventional building construction. The absence of reinforced concrete for the construction combined with the particular technology of this invention makes it possible to carry out constructions under climatic conditions in which it would normally be impossible to use the concrete setting process, the waterproofing application, for example; it also makes it possible to build even under light rains or with negative temperatures. The components of the subsystem elements of this invention are all selected and dimensioned to provide minimum weight for the structure while having maximum strength from both a structural and functional point of view. The results are extremely lightweight buildings while meeting technical and performance requirements.

If any of the materials used in the construction of a building are to be transported to the site, and the cost of transportation is calculated primarily in relation to weight, the superiority of the construction system described in this invention is remarkable. The weight of the structure is one third of that of conventional construction systems. Also, thanks to the dimensions of the components of the constructive subsystems there is no need for special vehicles to move the components. This can be done by relatively light and more agile vehicles that can be used to move the equipment without inconvenience, thus allowing the assembly of various parts and the construction of the building without the need to unload and store the material . This allows on-site unloading of the components, directly from the transport vehicle to the final location of the building construction. Long-distance transport can be done in bulk or by container, by road, rail, waterway, boat or plane, while keeping the exact number of items at reduced weight and in exact quantities. Another advantage of the technology described in this invention is the ability to separate the insulation intended for the comfort of the dwelling from sound insulation. The insulation of all the external walls has a thermal insulation index of 3.129 to 3.654 m2h ° C / kcal, higher than the applicable standards and the soundproofing is applied to all interior walls which are, for this purpose, coated soft polyurethane which not only filters common sounds, but also noise, and filters any noise up to 55dB. These variations in insulation are applied to the walls without there being any change in the technology employed in the manufacture of the respective components. The goal of industrialized construction systems is always to relieve the workload on the jobsite and to avoid the unexpected. The system presented by this invention has a high degree of industrialization, allowing rapid assembly on site. Even with the use of modern and unconventional materials, the buildings built by this system have an absolutely normal appearance, as if they were built in a conventional way such as a masonry construction, avoiding that the final architecture of the construction creates a futuristic shock for the occupants of the building, but still keeping an absolutely superior quality of construction.

Thanks to the technical characteristics of the composition and the elements of the constructive system of this invention, these buildings possess excellent resistance and exceptional performance in the event of a disaster, such as flood, strong storm, or earthquake.

The water resistance of all components as well as the walls being complete, it does not allow floods to damage the walls or structures of the building. The interconnections between the various components of the subsystems give the building a monoblock shape which makes it very resistant to strong storms and hurricanes.

The lightness of the components, especially floor slabs and ceilings is at the origin of the resistance in case of earthquakes by preventing there being a possibility of deformation or weakening of the structure. Walls have less than 5% of the connections normally found in brick or block masonry walls, resulting in the complete absorption of stresses and vibrations caused by earthquakes. Taking into account all the features listed above, it is found that there is currently no industrialized construction system that combines all the features, properties and qualities present in this invention. The invention of the system presented is innovative because one starts from industrial components for the formation of the elements of each subsystem, whereas the majority of the other systems of construction leave components such as a core of expanded material, for their design. The structural components of this invention are always stronger than those used by other constructive systems, employing methods and materials heretofore not applied for this purpose.

Also, the materials that form all of the elements of the walls, floor slabs, ceiling slabs and the like, are chemically reinforced so that the thickness of these materials can be reduced, by maintaining or increasing the mechanical strength and structural part of the whole. The result is a noticeable decrease in the weight of the structure which can compensate for the lack of quality of complementary materials, such as plaster boards, for example. Based on these features a series of other advantages allow various possibilities opened by this invention, such as the possibility of eliminating additional structures for constructions up to four stages. The subsystems of the invention are absolutely compatible with each other, and therefore interchangeable with systems of other origin, such as, for example: a) the wall subsystem of this invention can be used with slabs of floor and / or roof structure of other kinds, b) the floor slab subsystem described in this invention may be used with wall subsystems and / or roof structure of other systems, c) The roof structure subsystem of this invention can be used with other wall subsystems and / or floor slabs of other kinds. The description of the invention of this industrialized construction system can not describe all the improvements and other advantages that the use of this constructive system can bring. It is for this reason that the examples given below show only the most important innovations and the most obvious applications: Example 1: The structural components are constructed from rigid PVC extruded profiles, having shapes and sizes. different sizes according to their applications. These profiles are filled with epoxy resin formulated pastes and granulated materials, such as quartz, aluminum oxide, and various mineral mixtures, with a specific grain for each application. These formulations maximize the strength qualities according to the intended use, that is to say that for the walls the compressive strength is up to 1120 kg / cm2, for the ceiling slabs and the 30 floor slabs resistance tensile strength under flexion (flexion-compression) of up to 320 kg / cm2; for elements of the roof structure, tensile strength under bending, axial compression and axial tension and bending. The results of the calculations of indices and values for the approval of the qualities and the structural strengths required will always be exceeded by the formulations for each purpose. A special advantage of these components is the fact that the geometry as well as other measures, such as angles and sizes, will never be changed, either by mechanical stress during handling and assembly of the components, or by phenomena. physical and / or chemical, such as torsion, or other mechanical forces, aging, cracks, corrosion and others. These compositions allow it to be worked in the same way as wood, that is, the components can be cut, punctured, nailed or stapled. That is, it is possible to make connections in several ways to achieve the desired constructive composition. Example 2: The closure components used in the manufacture of wall elements, ceiling insulation slabs, ceiling slabs, floor slabs and the like, consist of chipboard panels of the "hardboard" type, of different thicknesses. and compositions. They are chemically treated to weigh a minimum weight while maintaining a maximum of the desired qualities, such as waterproofing with a 1.54% absorption in immersion test for 24 hours under water; the tensile strength of 57.5 MPa / mm 2, the high flexural tensile strength for each thickness, up to 75.0 MPa / mm 2, the shear strength, the thermal gradient inertia (positive or negative), the impact resistance of hard and soft bodies and the like normally applied in the same cases.

By correctly increasing the desired qualities for each purpose, through specific formulations, based on polyester combinations in reaction with di-iso-cyanates, these components will always be lighter and more resistant than the others normally used for the same applications. . Applications of the innovations of the invention in sub-systems described below by way of example: Example 3: A structural wall panel was mounted to support, in addition to its own weight, a resulting load of the weight of 4 stages in a 4-storey construction, made with 5 uprights having a section of 2.4 cm by 7.5 cm, 18 cm 2 of cross-section and 250 cm of length each, filled with the formulation proposed in the first example, having a expected compressive strength of 800 kg / cm2, with a total strength of 5 x 14 400 kg = 72 000 kg f. The actual weight of these amounts is 9.0 kg per piece, or 45 kg in total, resulting in a strength / weight ratio of 1600 kgf / kg. Two rooms with an equivalent cross section, but with 122 cm each, with a weight of 4.4 kg each were used as sleepers in the upper and lower parts of the uprights, making a structural frame 225 cm high. The fixing between the sleepers and the top of the uprights was made with self-locking screws. On the frame thus formed was fixed a chipboard of the kind "hardboard" having an original thickness of 3 mm and dimensions of 122 cm wide by 261 cm in length (height of the panel), leaving on the lower and upper parts a small channel of 2 (two) and 3 (three) centimeters, respectively, treated as described above in the second example, with the expectation of being completely impervious and obtaining sufficient technical qualities to serve as surface to several different kinds of finishing. The weight of this panel is 12.68 kg, which corresponds to only 3.98 kg / m2. The attachment of this panel to the components of the frame is made by gluing the products with a PVA-based glue, reinforced by staples applied by pneumatic staplers. Finally the finite element is returned. Then thermal insulation panels are placed there, in this case the EPS plates measuring 7.5 x 27.5 x 250 cm and closing the space between the uprights and the sleepers, called cell. To close this element a plate like the one applied on the first side is fixed using the same method as before. Thus, a structural wall element measuring 8.2 x 122 x 261 cm, with a dead weight of 82.24 kg, ie 25.83 kg / m2, with a specific weight of 315 kg / m3 and a resistance of 59,000 kg f per linear meter of wall, is obtained.

The agglomerate is treated and has a water absorption after 1.5 hours immersion of 1.54% (28.38% before treatment), and a tensile strength of 48.5 MPa / mm 2, and a resistance to flexural tensile strength of 69.0 MPa / mm2, as well as a soft-shell impact strength of 120 + (3x240) + 360 + 480 + 720 + 960 Joules, and resistance to impact a hard body of 10 impacts of 2.5 Joules. With these results obtained, the wall element according to this example is qualified to serve as a structural element for supporting its own weight and that of the load of the upper stages, and in addition those of the normal loads and / or accidental.

This example is used to demonstrate technical innovation because the best value of the strength-to-weight ratio is obtained in comparison with other wall subsystems, resulting in a significant decrease in the self-weight of the wall subsystems. a construction.

With a technique similar to that shown in this example, other constructive elements can be made with openings for windows and / or doors or other desired openings regardless of shape and size. As for the manufacture of angle-shaped construction elements, such as corners at 90 ° or 45 ° angles, where again with different angles in the same element, for example, in the form of a "Y", it is necessary to evidence of handling of the angle that does not deform or is not changed, thus ensuring a high precision in the geometry of the manufactured element and a precise assembly on the site The piping, the hydraulic connections, the tables electric and water inlets, telephone, antennas, electrical and hydraulic cold water and hot water installations, as well as all other installations provided for in the project, will be pre-inserted in elements of the respective walls and in the walls and placed in the cells between the uprights, the outlet orifices being at the top of the pre-drilled elements allowing the passage of a reinforced tube and the incident orifices for the on the faces of the pre-elaborated closure panels.

All wall and wall elements according to the present invention may have a finish or receive on their faces a coating of different shapes, always with the best functional and / or decorative performance. The elements of the external walls in their outer face can be coated with epoxy-anchored and / or canvas coatings, or with a lithoceramic coating that can be applied directly on the outside with an indicated acrylic paste, or with a textured coating or sandblasted in any color or thickness. On the inner faces and on the inner walls in general, in addition to the aforementioned coatings, are provided ceramic coatings such as tiles or the like, directly on the surface of the closure panel with acrylic paste glue or the like, or a coating based on gypsum plasterboard, which, thanks to the technical qualities mentioned, will not suffer from the fragility normally attributed to this material, but will have the advantage of greater fire resistance. In addition to the mentioned coatings, other insulating materials may be used for the production of wall elements and applied inside the cells, for example, rockwool blankets or another mineral, expanded polyurethane which has a high sound absorption index, expanded clay compositions and other materials, always seeking the best performance for the specific qualities of each project. Example 4: Five PVC profile pieces, measuring 2.5 x 12.0 x 630 cm, filled with an epoxy resin paste with granular aggregates, formulated to achieve the objectives described in this example, having a resistance to the flexural pull of 180 kg / cm 2 on the section, as well as 30 x 180 = 5,400 kg per piece, with a total calculated strength of 27,000 kg f, were used as longitudinal members to form a 122 cm frame wide by 634 cm long, having the top closed by an identical profile, measuring 2.5 x 12.0 x 122 cm screwed onto the ends of the side members with self-locking screws. The weight of this frame is 4 kg per linear meter of the profile reinforced by an epoxy paste giving a total of 6 x (5x6,30) + 6 x (2x1,22) = 203.64 kg per frame.

On the upper side of this frame was fixed an agglomerate board, treated in accordance with the description of the second example, with a bending tensile strength of 69.0 MPa / mm 2, and a tensile strength of 45.5 mm. MPa / mm2, having a thickness of 10 mm, with a specific weight of 10 kg / m2, the total dead weight is 77.4 kg. The water absorption during 24 hours of immersion was measured at 1.08%. The fixing of the panel on the rails was made with a PVA adhesive reinforced by self-locking screws every 20 cm, ie, 32 screws per spar. This element is then turned upside down, the cells between the longitudinal members and the upper panel, each measuring 12 x 27, 37 x 630 cm were filled with pieces made of a layer of soft polyurethane, having a specific weight of 22.4 kg / m3, and having a total dead weight of 18.5 kg of material for the acoustic insulation of the final element. Then a 3 mm thick chipboard, subjected to a treatment according to the description of the second example, is assembled with a total weight of 30.8 kg, intended to serve as the underside of the element, having a resistance to the flexural tensile strength of 67.5 MPa / mm 2 and a tensile strength of 45.5 MPa / mm 2, having absorbed 1.54% of water after 24 hours of total immersion and fixed according to the description given in third example. On the ends of the panel thus formed, PVC profiles constructed as described in the first example, measuring 2 x 7.5 x 122 cm, having a specific weight of 3 kg per linear meter, were fixed on the underside and total weight of 7.32 kg. The fixing is made using PVA glue reinforced by self-locking screws. These devices serve to fit the element manufactured on the top of the walls manufactured according to the third example. The interlocking of these parts is done on the site. The final element obtained is 13.5 cm wide, 122 cm high and 634 cm long, with a volume of 1.044 m3, the weight of the piece is 338 kg, with a specific weight of 323.7 kg / m3 which serves as the structural element of a floor slab, for a free space of 630 cm. This example is used to demonstrate the technical innovation for slab manufacturing, as it provides higher quality and structural strength which, with other construction methods, for example, would require a free space of 6.25 mm. m and a concrete beam of 25 cm, having 122 x 634 cm, a volume of 1,934 m3, with a specific weight of 2,200 kg / m3 and a total weight of 4,255 kg, ie 12, 6 times heavier than the item proposed above, not to mention the difficulties involved on the site. In the case of using a prestressed concrete beam for a free space of 6.25 m, with the same dimensions, a specific weight of 2400 kg / m3, the count will be: 8cm x 122 x 634 cm = 1.392 m3 = 3,340 kg, ie 9.88 times heavier, or 3,002 kg more = 888.2% more. All this excess weight means more expensive transportation, more difficulties, and more expenses for on-site assembly and more costs due to equipment losses. The upper face of the element manufactured according to this example is to be used as a floor support can directly receive a finish with the coatings indicated, such as tiles laid with acrylic paste, laminated wooden laminate flooring, a Decorated plastic floor covering, carpet or other materials bonded with the specified adhesives, all directly applied to the upper part of the support element. The underside for finishing the ceiling can be executed by applying a PVC ceiling of all kinds, for example, plasterboard, wood ceiling, or other option, such as a simple painting with pasta and / or acrylic paints. The attachment of the coatings is simple and straightforward on the chipboard bottom plate with nails or screws. Example 5: PVC profiles measuring 2.0 cm thick by 7.5 cm wide, having a variable length according to the project to be made, were filled with a paste based on epoxy resin and aggregates, as described in the first example, and they are then fastened to each other by Gang-Nail galvanized steel connectors and / or galvanized steel perforated plates secured by self-locking screws, thus forming a lattice of Fink type 630 cm long and 135 cm high with flaps on both sides for a 65 cm eave on each side. In the upper uprights equidistant steel pins were inserted, such as those used for laying tiles and having the purpose of serving as a receiver and in fixing the trellises for the roofing of buildings. In this way a lattice for the structure and the cover was built with the following technical characteristics: 23 m of profile with a self-weight of 3 kg / m = total 69 kg. The bending tensile strength of 180 kg / cm 2 = 2700 kg per section of the PVC profile filled with epoxy paste. Compressive strength of 800 kg / cm2, ie 12 000 kg per PVC profile filled with epoxy paste. With these figures of structural resistance it is possible to build a roof structure over a length of 10 meters of building with only 5 lattices equidistant, with two lattices in the ends whose function is the closing of the battens (rafters). In this way, a roof structure consisting of the lattices described above has a weight of 345 kg per 63 m2, that is to say 5.48 kg f / m2. If this solution is compared to the same structure made with wooden trellises, it would be 11 trellises, instead of 5, using 253 m of high quality wood framing and having a cross section of 5 cm x 10 cm, a volume of 1,265 m3, a weight of 1,100 kg, that is to say, 17,46 kg f / m2 of own weight of the structure. The conclusion of this comparison is that the weight of the conventional structure will be 3 times greater than using the technique described by this invention. The laying of the supports supported on the trellises, described in this example is made simply by interlocking on the lattice pins, on rectangular holes made in the profiles of sleepers respecting the distance between the trellises, so that the interlocking is perfect. Since no nail is required for laying and fastening, instead of 4 pins per crossbar, and instead of 11 x 2 = 22 nails per crossbar on a framed structure, it is obvious that there is a huge savings due to ease of assembly. The assembly thus constructed by the lattices and the sleepers constitutes also a technical innovation for the construction of roof structure of the buildings.

Example 6: This example is used to describe the manufacture of some elements considered as mounting accessories. The elements used as guides for mounting wall panels, or even beams - belts on the top of the walls mounted in the upper channels, are mounted, in this example, with PVC profiles filled with epoxy paste like this. is described in the first example, measuring 2.0 cm thick and 7.3 cm wide, the length changing according to the project specifications. These elements, which serve as mounting guides, receive pins fixed at the distance recommended by the project, normally to the axis, or, in case a pipe installation has to pass through the upper part, in suitable places. The fixing of the pins is carried out without any additional product, being applied in the epoxy filler paste. For permanent fixation of the pins during the assembly of the structures, both for the base of the foundations and for the tops of the walls in the upper guides, rectangular holes are made, adapted with buffers to facilitate the interlocking of the pins of the guides. fixation is reinforced by a bonding based on epoxy resin applied to the mounting of the guides and walls.

Other mounting accessories are support rails for cover tiles. These sleepers are manufactured with PVC profiles filled with an epoxy paste according to the first example, measuring 2.5 cm thick by 4.0 cm wide and length divided according to what the project recommends. They receive holes reinforced by buffers for interlocking the pins on the top jamb of the trellises, as described in the fifth example. The parts that make up the total length of the sleepers, including the awning on both sides, are connected by external PVC connectors with internal dimensions adjusted so that the interlocking is done by two crosspieces over a length of 8.0 cm. at 10.0 cm. For the fixing of the grid on the ceiling, angles are used which are screwed so that the groove of the lower amounts of the trellis serve as interlocking. These angles can be distributed along the trellis so as to obtain an adjusted fastening and protected against gusts of wind. Other accessories may be manufactured, always using PVC profiles filled with epoxy paste with fasteners such as pins, screws, hinges or an equivalent system as appropriate. Example 7: Following the example of the compositions and manufacture of some elements of the subsystems of this invention, the mounting and construction of a two-stage prototype is now described. This description will be directed mainly by the description of the subsystems, without too much considering the points that are not part of the subject of this example. In this prototype the assembly of the outer and inner walls and dividing walls between two flats will be described, as well as the laying of the floor slabs between the floors and the lattice roof structure, the double closure of the roof separation. between the two apartments. Inserted installations and stairs are not part of this example. In the original project these components are in the space between the two buildings. The exterior walls of this prototype were built according to the technology described in the third example: 8 90 ° angle corner panels, 42 blind wall panels, 20 panels with different 30 aluminum windows (pre-mounted) and 4 panels with doors. This quantity is indicated for a building with 2 floors, all with 10.0 cm thick and 261.0 cm high, ie the height of the rooms. The outer part of these panels is coated with a coating of resins and flakes of fiberglass, anchored under an epoxy resin surface and RT-2 tar in a thickness of 8 mm. The inner face was partially coated with a plasterboard 9 mm thick fixed and supported by the inner panel 3 mm thick and treated as described in the second example, or in the case of a kitchen or bathroom window panel, covered with ceramic tiles.

To make the division between the apartments 10 panels were used, ie 5 panels per floor, all of the same thickness and length, all covered with a plaster coating as it is already described for the construction of all the external walls. The panels of the internal walls were manufactured using the same technology with a thickness of 9.2 cm and a height of 261.0 cm covered on both sides by a treated plate as described in the second example, with a thickness of 8 mm on each side. From the base of the foundations the assembly is started by the installation of the guides manufactured as described in the sixth example, then the holes for the interlocking of the pins are made. In these holes is placed epoxy resin glue to strengthen the fixing of the pins and guides. Under these guides we put a layer of impermeable glue. This glue is made from epoxy resin mixed with RT-2 tar. After the installation of the guides, according to the project of assembly, starts the assembly of the walls starting from a angle of 90 ° following the direction of the respective guide. The vertical junction between the mounting panels is made by rigid PVC gaskets, specially designed and manufactured for this application, as shown in Figure 17. On the top of the walls, guides made from the sixth example, have been placed on the top holes of the panels and in the upper channel and they were fixed by epoxy resin glue to improve the fixing of the pins in the guide. In the corners of the inner walls a seal is placed as shown in Figure 18. It is prepared as described in the first example.

Unlike the outer walls, the inner wall panels were all mounted and fixed without gluing, ie it is a dry mount, using 10mm PVC elements to ensure proper separation between the walls. panels, which are then filled with polyurethane foam. The lower and upper guides were put in place in the same way as the outer wall panels. All the walls of the first floor of the two apartments, totaling 104.03 m2 of building, were built using 56 panels of various sizes and constitutions and this in three hours of work by a team of 8 assembly professionals, without needing any special or heavy equipment. This work is completely manual and requires no need for intermediate storage of materials. From this experiment the measured efficiency is 4.34 m2 of construction per worker per hour of work.

Then the floor slab was laid, consisting of 13 panels measuring 122 cm wide plus a panel 64 cm wide, all are 630.5 cm long and 13.5 cm thick. These elements are all made according to the explanation of the fourth example and they were made with a 10 mm thick plate on the top and a 3 mm thick plate on the bottom edge. Both plates are subjected to a treatment described in the second example. The assembly is done through the interlocking of the guides placed on the floor slab plates on the upper channels of the mounted walls, by gluing the upper guides with PVA-based glue.

The passage holes of the hydraulic and / or electrical installations have been prepared in advance according to the particularities of the project in question. The assembly of floor slabs is performed by 8 workers in 2.5 hours of work, that is to say it is equivalent to 5.2 m2 of assembly per worker per hour of work. Just after the installation of the floor slabs, on this newly assembled structure, the panels of the second floor walls were laid, with exactly the same structure as 10 for the first floor. The output of the assembly staff was 3.42 m2 of construction per worker per hour, somewhat lower than the average floor below because of the need to transport the panels vertically. On the second floor panels, 14 ceiling panels and ceiling cladding were mounted with measurements and procedure as described for the construction of the floor slabs. This assembly required the equivalent to 4.7 m2 of work per hour per worker. Finally, the roof structure was mounted with 7 Fink type lattices made according to the description of the fifth example, measuring 630.0 cm in length and 135.0 cm in height, with the components described in the fifth example. Two trellises were enclosed on each side of the building to serve as a facade and an intermediate lattice was provided with cover plates on both sides to serve as a dividing wall between the two upper flats. These closures were made with "hardboard" plates processed as described in the second example. The thickness of these plates is 6 mm to receive the final coatings and / or textured or decorated acrylic paints. The lattices were fixed by devices as described in the sixth example and shown in Fig. 16, i.e., directly on the upper surface of the floor covering at a distance of 276.0 cm. on the axis. Then the lattices were attached to the facades, lattices and interior walls. On the top of the trellises, pins were placed at a distance of 31 cm to receive the sleepers that will support the Roman tiles of the roof. The sleepers were made with 140 pieces measuring 2.5 cm by 4.0 cm and a length of 350.0 cm as described in the first and fifth examples. Figure 14 shows how this serves as support for the ceramic tiles, with 14 rows in the transverse direction and 5 in the longitudinal direction, on each side of the roof. And that, considering an eave on each side of the building. The assembly of parts, counted four per line, is made by connections as described in the sixth example and as shown in Figure 15, mounting sleepers with a total length of 17.50 m per line. The fixing on the lattices was made as described in the sixth example, by interlocking in the reinforced holes, against the pins of the trellis posts. Additional gluing in epoxy-based glue is performed. The assembly of the trellises was done by 8 workers in 3 hours, which equals 25 minutes per trellis, or 4.34 hours per worker per m2 of construction. The laying of sleepers consumed 4.75 workers per hour and 25 m2, which shows that 9.09 workers are needed per hour per m2 to completely build the building. In summary: the total workforce of this example required 18 hours of work for 8 workers for a building of 208.06 m2, which means 11.56 m2 per hour or 1.45 m2 per worker per hour . These are considered very positive numbers and demonstrate the high productivity of this technique. The building constructed weighs, in its rough state, only 24,250 kg. For each set, the weights are separately as follows: 5,760 kg for the outer walls, 2,250 kg for the internal walls, the first floor, plus 3,415 kg of floor slabs between floors and another 5,760 kg + 2,250 kg for the walls of the second floor, 3,075 kg for the ceilings and its coverings and finally 490 kg of the 7 trellises, 230 kg of filling material, 980 kg of sleepers and 40 kg of other accessories and glues. This corresponds to a weight of the structure of 116.55 kg / m2 of building constructed. Nomenclature: (1) PVC or aluminum profile. (2) Epoxy paste. (3) Hardboard plate treated. (4) Self-locking screw secured with epoxy. (5) Thermal insulation in EPS or acoustic insulation made of soft polyurethane or rockwool. (6) Exterior litho-ceramic finish. (7) Exterior finish in epoxy coating. (8) Internal plasterboard finish. (9) Textured paint finish. (10) Ceramic tile finish. (11) Vinyl finish. (12) PVC ceiling. (13) Screwed 'gang nail' connector. (14) Steel spindle - reception. (15) Reinforced hole. (16) Epoxy glue.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS1.- Industrialized construction system, characterized in that the structural elements of a building, vertical, horizontal and / or inclined are made from rigid PVC profiles or other, filled with epoxy resin paste having a different formula depending on the application. 2. Industrialized building system, according to claim 1, characterized in that all the vertical, horizontal and / or inclined insulations in a building are made of an element composed of a chipboard of the kind "hardboard" or similar, having undergone a chemical treatment to adapt it to the desired application according to the desired type of isolation. 3.- industrialized construction system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural elements are manufactured with different geometric shapes, such as rectangular, square, circular, angled with several different degrees of opening, angular " Y "," T "," I ", or others, with dimensions indicated by the project and / or the technology for the manufacture of subsystems. 4.- industrialized construction system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the structural components: parallel lattice, angled lattice, simple frames, composite and articulated frames, combined supports and others, are manufactured with metal connectors teeth made of galvanized steel or the like, with a mechanical fastening made before complete setting of the filling paste, by fixing the connectors or the screws or other fasteners inside this paste, during the setting process, thus considerably increasing the strength of the structural bonds. 5.- industrialized building system, according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elements for the construction of the walls are composed by amounts according to claim 1, in quantities and pre-calculated dimensions necessary to obtain the resistance to compression and other tensions, the components of the walls being coated on both sides with components according to claim 2, the fixing being carried out with PVA-based glue, reinforced by self-locking screws screwed into the filling paste before complete setting according to claim 4. 6.- industrialized construction system, according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elements that form the walls are manufactured in several geometric shapes, following different architectural projects of the building, using columns-uprights following the profiles geometries according to claim 3. 7. Industrialized construction system, according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the cells, between the columns-uprights and / or the cross members of a wall-forming element, are filled with different insulating material according to the intended purpose, thermal insulation in the external walls and / or sound insulation in the internal walls or divisions of the building parts without there being any modification of the technology used in the manufacture of wall elements. 8.- industrialized construction system, according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the cells according to claim 7, are pre-integrated components of the electrical and / or hydraulic installations, both for hot water than for cold water, and also sanitary facilities and other facilities provided in the project, such as, for example, data cable installations, alarms, security, closed circuit, heating. 9.- industrialized construction system according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on the outer face of the walls of the insulation elements which form the walls, several different kinds of finish are applied, such as ceramic coatings, plaster, epoxy-based paste, textured paint and / or granulate or painted lime, allowing various kinds of finishing on both sides of the walls. 10. Industrialized construction system, according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the structural elements according to claims 1 and 3 are dimensioned for the respective tensile strength under flexion, and manufactured to serve as beams and spars in panels for ceilings and / or floor slabs, both as single elements and in the form of parallel lattices mounted according to claim 4. 11.- industrialized construction system according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the longitudinal beams according to claim 10 are interconnected by cross members, constituting a structural matrix which on both sides, upper and lower, will be closed by chemically treated plates according to claim 2, the lower side serving as a ceiling or ceiling finish support and the upper side as a floor, ready to receive the floor finish indicated in the building project. 12.- Industrialized construction system according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the cells between the longitudinal beams and / or cross members of the elements according to claim 11 will be filled with acoustic insulation material such as wool of rock and / or polyurethane foam, once the electrical installations and / or various other planned in the project have been pre-integrated. 13.- industrialized construction system, according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the structural elements according to claims 1 and 3 are calculated and manufactured with the resistors indicated for compression and / or tensile flexion, for obtaining structural assemblies in the form of lattices, frameworks or the like to serve as a roof and support structure for the roofing material, with the inclinations provided in the project, the connections being made according to claim 4. 14.- industrialized construction system, according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the sleepers, which serve as support for the tiles are calculated and manufactured according to claim 1, with a high tensile strength under flexion to allow greater distances between the lattices. 15.- industrialized building system according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that elements calculated to withstand the compression and tensile bending manufactured according to claim 1 are used for the manufacture of roof slabs with very low inclinations, producing flat roof bases. 16.- industrialized construction system according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the structures obtained according to claim 15 are covered on the lower side to receive a ceiling finish according to claims 11 and 12 and the upper side with elements according to claim 2, having a high resistance to compressive and flexural tensile stresses and high impermeability, and ready to receive a final finish with a synthetic coating and / or ceramic coating, or other coatings / finishes specified in the project.