WO2012101771A1 - 電動車両用蓄電システム - Google Patents
電動車両用蓄電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012101771A1 WO2012101771A1 PCT/JP2011/051442 JP2011051442W WO2012101771A1 WO 2012101771 A1 WO2012101771 A1 WO 2012101771A1 JP 2011051442 W JP2011051442 W JP 2011051442W WO 2012101771 A1 WO2012101771 A1 WO 2012101771A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- storage element
- vehicle
- power storage
- storage system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power storage system for electric vehicles, and more particularly to a power storage system for electric vehicles in which a plurality of power storage element arrays are connected in parallel.
- a high-capacity battery is mounted as a power supply source.
- a battery cell hereinafter referred to as a power storage element
- temperature variations occur between the power storage elements in this power storage element array, or the battery cells in the power storage element array
- a parallel connection power storage system a system in which a plurality of power storage element arrays are connected in parallel
- the parallel-connected power storage system can cope with the problem that the power supply to the motor is cut off by disconnecting only the power storage element row to which the failed power storage element belongs when some of the power storage elements fail. It becomes. In addition, since only the storage element row including the failed storage element is replaced, it is possible to reduce the cost of the battery when replacing the battery.
- the amount of charge and internal resistance may vary between storage elements due to leakage current due to wiring abnormality, replacement with a new battery, etc.
- a voltage difference is generated between the storage element arrays, and a current (cross current) flows between the storage element arrays in accordance with the voltage difference.
- a cross current exceeding the allowable current determined by the storage element occurs, abnormal heat generation or life deterioration occurs.
- the timing for reaching the lower limit value of the storage element usage range differs for each storage element array, so that the power supply to the motor is supplied by the storage element array with the lowest output. Problems such as limitations will also occur.
- Patent Document 1 a current control element is provided for each power storage element array, so that an excessive cross current between the power storage element arrays and a temperature variation of the power storage elements do not occur.
- a switch is provided for each power storage element array, and only a switch having a voltage difference between the power storage element arrays of a certain value or less is turned on, thereby causing a problem caused by a cross current generated at the time of connection. It is described to prevent.
- Patent Document 2 among the plurality of power storage element arrays, the power storage element array whose remaining power is lower than the other power storage element array by a predetermined value or more is disconnected from the parallel power storage element array system. Possible electric power is limited, and driving power may be insufficient during traveling.
- a storage system for an electric vehicle mounted on an electric vehicle comprising a plurality of storage element arrays configured by connecting a plurality of storage elements in series. Select and connect in parallel, connect to and disconnect from the electrical load mounted on the electric vehicle for each storage element array, a parallel connection switch for controlling the parallel connection switch, a vehicle required power Vehicle required power calculation unit to calculate, remaining amount detection unit to detect the remaining amount of the storage element array, voltage detection unit to detect the voltage of the storage element array, vehicle required power, the remaining amount of the storage element array, and the storage element A storage system control device that controls the parallel connection switch based on the voltage of the column.
- the parallel connection switch control unit applies the electric load in order from the power storage element row having the largest remaining amount.
- the power storage element array connected to the electric load includes the entire voltage of the power storage element array already connected to the electric load and the power storage element. It is preferable that the voltage difference between the columns is selected from among the storage elements having a value less than a predetermined value.
- the power storage element string connected to the electric load when the power storage element string connected to the electric load is greater than zero, the power storage element string connected to the electric load If the remaining battery capacity is selected from among the storage element arrays whose remaining amount is larger than the predetermined lower limit value and the vehicle required power is smaller than zero, the remaining remaining capacity of the connected storage element array is smaller than the predetermined upper limit value. Is preferably selected from.
- the parallel connection switch control unit is configured such that the vehicle required power and the power storage when the vehicle required power is other than zero and the vehicle speed is other than zero.
- the chargeable / dischargeable power of the power storage element array is all connected to the current that can be passed through the power storage element array and the electric load. It is preferable to calculate based on the output voltage of the entire storage element array.
- the vehicle required power calculation unit preferably calculates the vehicle required power using the vehicle required power and the required air conditioning power.
- the required torque calculation unit that calculates the driver's required torque based on the accelerator pedal and brake pedal depression amounts of the driver, and the motor speed
- the vehicle required power is calculated by the power storage system control device based on the driver's required torque and the motor speed.
- the required air conditioning power is calculated using at least one of the set temperature of the air conditioner, the interior temperature, and the vehicle speed. preferable.
- the required air conditioning power is the remaining amount of all power storage element arrays when the vehicle required power is other than zero and the vehicle speed is other than zero. It is preferable that the larger the variance value is, the smaller the dispersion value is.
- the required air conditioning power is calculated as follows: when the vehicle required power is zero and the vehicle speed is zero, the set temperature of the air conditioner and the in-vehicle temperature When the difference is within the predetermined value, it is preferable that the difference is set so as to increase as the remaining amount difference between the storage element arrays increases.
- the parallel-connected power storage system supplies optimal power to the required vehicle power required from the electric vehicle, and prevents variations in the remaining amount among the power storage element rows while preventing the running performance of the electric vehicle from deteriorating. be able to.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram for demonstrating the whole structure of the electric vehicle provided with the parallel connection electrical storage system of 1st Embodiment by this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the control system of the whole electric vehicle of FIG. It is a block diagram explaining the structure of the parallel connection electrical storage system of 1st Embodiment by this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control processing flow in the parallel connection electrical storage system for electric vehicles of 1st Embodiment by this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating indexing to each electrical storage element row
- 2 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a parallel-connected power storage system during powering of the electric vehicle of FIG. 1.
- 2 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a parallel-connected power storage system during regeneration of the electric vehicle of FIG. 1.
- It is a flowchart which shows the output possible torque calculation flow of the parallel connection electrical storage system of 1st Embodiment by this invention.
- It is a figure which shows an example of the vehicle request
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an overall configuration of an electric vehicle 101 including a parallel connection power storage system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the electric vehicle 101 includes a traveling motor 103 that outputs driving force to the driving wheels 102 a and 102 b, an inverter 104 that controls the driving force of the motor 103, and a parallel connection power storage that supplies electric power to the motor 103 via the inverter 104.
- the parallel connection power storage system 105 In order to charge power storage elements in the system 105, the parallel connection power storage system 105, a charger 106 that converts power supplied from an external power source, an air conditioner 107, and the power of the parallel connection power storage system 105 A power converter 108 for transforming the voltage into a voltage that can be used by the vehicle, an in-vehicle temperature measuring device 111 that can measure the in-vehicle temperature of the electric vehicle 101, and an integrated control device 109 for controlling the electric vehicle 101.
- a charger 106 that converts power supplied from an external power source
- an air conditioner 107 the power of the parallel connection power storage system 105
- a power converter 108 for transforming the voltage into a voltage that can be used by the vehicle
- an in-vehicle temperature measuring device 111 that can measure the in-vehicle temperature of the electric vehicle 101
- an integrated control device 109 for controlling the electric vehicle 101.
- the inverter 104 is configured, for example, as an inverter circuit having six semiconductor switching elements. After the DC power supplied from the parallel-connected power storage system 105 is converted into three-phase AC power by switching of the semiconductor switching elements, the motor 103 Power is supplied to the three-phase coil. A sensor (not shown) for measuring the rotation speed of the motor is attached to the motor 103.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system for the entire electric vehicle.
- the control system for the entire electric vehicle includes a motor control device 201 for controlling the inverter 104 and the motor 103, a parallel connection power storage system control device 202 for controlling the parallel connection power storage system 105, an air conditioning control device 203 for controlling the air conditioner 107, and charging.
- the motor control device 201 calculates a current command value based on the torque command value from the integrated control device 109 and the motor rotational speed, and the inverter 104 performs switching based on the current command value and the voltage of the parallel-connected power storage system 105. I do.
- the parallel connection power storage system control device 202 will be described later.
- the charger controller 204 gives a command to the charger 106 to convert the power supplied from the external power supply 110 into a desired voltage and current.
- the parallel-connected power storage system 105 includes a plurality (N) of power storage element arrays (ROW (1) to ROW (N)), and each power storage element array includes a plurality of power storage elements (Bat).
- N power storage element arrays
- Bat power storage elements
- the parallel-connected power storage system 105 includes two power storage element arrays, and ROW (1) includes two power storage elements Bat_11 and Bat_12 connected in series.
- the storage element rows ROW are N-parallel (in FIG. 3, two rows ROW (1) and ROW (2) are parallel), and the storage element rows ROW (1) to ROW (N) are respectively connected in parallel to the switch SW (1 ) To SW (N).
- the storage element Bat may be a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged. For example, a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery can be considered.
- ROW (1) to ROW (N) are connected to storage element array state detection devices SN (1) to SN (N) that can detect respective voltages, remaining battery power, and chargeable / dischargeable power. These detection signals are transmitted to the parallel-connected power storage system control device 202.
- the chargeable / dischargeable power of the storage element array is calculated based on the current that can be passed through the storage element array and the total voltage of the storage element array.
- the storage element array is charged and discharged at that moment. It represents the upper limit of power that can be done.
- the parallel connection power storage system control device 202 controls SW (1) to SW (N) based on a signal from the integrated control device 109. Control of these switches by the integrated control device 109 is performed by setting the parallel connection switch flags F_SW (1) to F_SW (N), which are flags for turning on / off these switches, from the integrated control device 109 to the parallel connection power storage system control device 202. Done by sending to.
- this signal is referred to as a parallel connection switch flag.
- the parallel connection power storage system control device 202 When the parallel connection power storage system control device 202 receives the parallel connection switch flag from the integrated control device 109, the parallel connection power storage system control device 202 performs an ON / OFF operation of SW (1) to SW (N). By turning on the switches SW (1) to SW (N), the storage element rows ROW (1) to ROW (N) are connected to the electric load (inverter 104), and the inverter 104 is connected to the connected storage element row ROW. Is converted into three-phase AC power and supplied to the motor 103.
- the vehicle running means a state between key-on and key-off.
- the parallel-connected power storage system 105 of the electric vehicle is controlled according to the flowchart of FIG. 4 while the key-on state continues.
- the voltage, remaining amount and chargeable / dischargeable power of storage element column ROW are detected by storage element column state detection devices SN (1) to SN (N).
- the required vehicle torque is calculated according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal and brake pedal of the driver. Then, in the calculation of the required vehicle power in step S404, the map data stored in the integrated control device 109 is the power required to output the required vehicle torque T_d calculated in step S403 by the drive motor (drive required power). This result is taken as the vehicle required power.
- step S405 In the calculation of the required number n of storage element arrays connected in step S405, the storage element arrays necessary to satisfy the vehicle required power in step S404 based on the state (voltage, remaining battery level, chargeable / dischargeable power) of each storage element array The number n of connections is calculated.
- step S406 if the vehicle required torque T_d is equal to or greater than zero, the process proceeds to step S407, and a power running process is executed. If torque T_d is less than zero, it will progress to step S408 and will perform the process at the time of regeneration.
- step 409 the storage element arrays set in step 407 or step 408 (each setting method will be described later) are connected.
- step S410 the torque that can be output by the storage element array connected to the load of the motor and auxiliary equipment (hereinafter referred to as electric load) mounted on the electric vehicle is calculated.
- step S411 it is determined whether the electric vehicle is key-off. If not, the process returns to step S402 again.
- Each power storage element row ROW (i) to ROW (N) is indexed to each power storage element row from L (1) to L (N) in order of increasing remaining amount. That is, L (1) indicates the number of the power storage element column having the largest remaining amount, and L (N) indicates the number of the power storage element column having the smallest remaining amount. Therefore, the remaining amount of the power storage element row ROW (L (k)) having the largest remaining amount is represented as “remaining amount (L (k))” (k is a natural number from 1 to N).
- step S404 the required number n of storage element array connections is calculated.
- electric power (driving required electric power) necessary for outputting the vehicle required torque T_d calculated in step S404 by the driving motor is calculated from map data stored in the integrated control device 109.
- the voltage, remaining amount, and chargeable / dischargeable power of each of the storage element rows ROW (1) to ROW (N) obtained by the detection of each storage element row state in step S402 how many storage element rows are ROW (1 ) To ROW (N), it is calculated whether the required drive power can be satisfied, and the number is determined as the required number n of storage element array connections. That is, in step S404, n is calculated that the sum of chargeable / dischargeable powers of the L (1) to L (n) -th power storage element rows ROW (L (1)) to ROW (L (n)) becomes the drive required power. decide.
- FIG. 6 shows a detailed flow of the process in step S407 of FIG.
- all the parallel connection switch flags F_SW (1) to F_SW (N) are set to 0 in step S601.
- step S602 1 is substituted into the variable i.
- step S603 i is compared with n calculated in step S404. If i> n, the process in step S407 ends. If i ⁇ n, the process proceeds to step S604.
- step S604 a difference between the voltage Volt (system) of the entire parallel-connected power storage system 105 connected to the electric load and the voltage Volt (L (i)) of the power storage element row ROW (L (i)) is obtained, and a predetermined value is obtained. If it is less than ⁇ Volt, the process proceeds to step S605, and if it is equal to or greater than the predetermined value ⁇ Volt, the process in step S407 ends.
- the predetermined value ⁇ Volt is determined by the chargeable / dischargeable power of the power storage element, the internal resistance, and the wiring resistance between the power storage element arrays.
- step S605 the remaining amount (L (i)) is compared with the remaining amount _min (L (i)) determined by the remaining amount (L (i)) and the remaining amount of electric power constituting the electric storage element row ROW (L (i)). If (i)) ⁇ remaining quantity_min (L (i)), the process proceeds to step S606, and if remaining quantity (L (i)) ⁇ remaining quantity_min (L (i)), the process in step S407 is ended. It becomes.
- the remaining amount_min (i) is a lower limit value that can be used for the power storage element array ROW (i), and the states of the plurality of power storage elements constituting the ROW (i) are detected by the power storage element array state detection device SN (i).
- step S605 is a process for preventing the storage element row ROW (L (i)) below the lower limit remaining amount_min (L (i)) from being connected.
- F_SW (L (i)) is set to 1. That is, the parallel connection switch flag F_SW (L (i)) is set to 1 from the power storage element row with a large remaining amount.
- FIG. 7 shows a detailed flow of the process in step S408 of FIG. Similar to the power running process, all the parallel connection switch flags F_SW (1) to F_SW (N) are set to 0 in step S601. In step S701, 1 is substituted for variable i. In step S703, i is compared with the required number n of storage element array connections calculated in step S404. If i> n, the process in step S408 ends. If i ⁇ n, the process proceeds to step S704.
- step S704 the voltage Volt (system) of the entire parallel-connected power storage system 105 connected to the electric load (inverter 104) and the voltage Volt (L (N ⁇ i + 1)) of the power storage element array ROW (L (N ⁇ i + 1)) If the difference is less than the predetermined value ⁇ Volt, the process proceeds to step S705, and if it is equal to or greater than the predetermined value ⁇ Volt, the process in step S408 ends, where the predetermined value ⁇ Volt is the chargeable / dischargeable power of the storage element, the internal resistance, and the storage.
- step S705 the remaining amount (L (N ⁇ i + 1)) and the remaining amount determined by the storage elements constituting the storage element row ROW (L (N ⁇ i + 1)) are determined. Compared with quantity_min (L (N ⁇ i + 1)), if remaining amount (L (N ⁇ i + 1)) ⁇ remaining amount_max (L (N ⁇ i + 1)), The process proceeds to step S706, and if remaining amount (L (N ⁇ i + 1)) ⁇ remaining amount_max (L (N ⁇ i + 1)), the process in step S408 is terminated.
- step S705 is a process for preventing the storage element array ROW (L (i)) exceeding the upper limit remaining amount_max (L (i)) from being connected.
- F_SW N ⁇ i + 1 is set to 1.
- step 407 or step 408 described in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 the process proceeds to step S409.
- the integrated control device 109 switches to the parallel connection power storage system control device 202 based on the set values of the parallel connection switch flags F_SW (1) to F_SW (N) in step S407 or step S408.
- SW (1) to SW (N) are switched.
- FIG. 8 shows a detailed flow of the process in step S410 of FIG.
- the number of connected power storage element rows is checked.
- input / output can be performed by the storage element array connected to the electric load based on the battery state obtained by detecting each storage element array state in step S402 of FIG.
- the power that can be calculated is calculated.
- the maximum torque value is calculated based on the electric power, and the value is transmitted to the integrated control device 109. Based on the control flowcharts of FIGS.
- FIG. 9 (a) shows the vehicle required torque during running of the electric vehicle, and the cases 1 to 4 are classified according to each required torque.
- FIG. 9B shows the transition of the remaining amount of each power storage element row ROW (1) to ROW (3).
- FIG. 9C shows the connection state of each storage element row, that is, the period during which the parallel connection switches SW (1) to SW (3) of these storage element rows are closed.
- a large required torque is generated during power running in state 1.
- ROW (1) is less reduced in remaining amount than ROW (2) and ROW (3).
- state 2 the required torque is reduced, and only the storage element row ROW (1) with a large remaining amount is connected.
- state 3 since regenerative torque is generated, the storage element rows ROW (2) and ROW (3) with a small remaining amount are connected to the electric load (inverter 104), and the storage element row ROW (1) is disconnected.
- the state 2 and the state 3 the variation between the respective power storage element rows is eliminated while satisfying the vehicle required torque.
- state 4 since a large required torque is generated again, all the power storage element arrays are connected.
- FIG. Changes in the remaining amounts of the power storage element rows ROW (1) to ROW (3) shown in FIG. That is, for example, there are three ROW (1) remaining amount change curves that are close to each other.
- the dischargeable power (remaining amount) of the storage element arrays is proportional to the SOC (voltage) of each storage element array. Therefore, for example, the upper limit remaining amount value of the power storage element array in the above description is proportional to the voltage at which the power storage element array is overcharged.
- step 402 to step S410 of the operation flow shown in FIG. 4 may be appropriately executed according to the situation of the vehicle.
- this operation flow is not executed frequently because there is no change in the vehicle required torque.
- the execution cycle time of such an operation flow may be changed by the driver, or may be changed by predicting the traveling situation from the navigation device and road information.
- the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the power command value to the air conditioner 107 is reduced when the remaining amount variation between the storage element arrays when the vehicle speed is other than substantially zero occurs more than a predetermined value.
- Controlling the power supply taking into account the air conditioning power when calculating the required number of connection of the storage element rows, and the air conditioning power when the vehicle speed is substantially zero, the remaining amount of each storage element row and the driver specified Control is performed according to the set in-vehicle temperature T_0 of the electric vehicle.
- steps S803 to S807 related to this air conditioning power are added after step S802 in FIG. 10 compared to FIG.
- the parallel-connected power storage system of the electric vehicle is controlled according to the flowchart of FIG. 10 while the key-on state continues.
- the storage element array state detection device SN detects the voltage, remaining amount, and chargeable / dischargeable power of the storage element array ROW.
- step S803 it is determined whether the vehicle is stopped.
- the vehicle is stopped means that the vehicle speed is substantially zero and the vehicle required torque is substantially zero. If the vehicle is stopped, the process proceeds to step S806; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S804.
- step S804 electric power (normal air conditioning power target value) necessary to realize the set in-vehicle temperature T_0 of the electric vehicle specified by the driver is calculated.
- step S805 the dispersion value of the remaining amount of each storage element array detected in step S802 (hereinafter referred to as storage element array dispersion value) is calculated, and the normal air conditioning power calculated in step S804 according to the amount is calculated.
- the target value is corrected as shown in FIG. 11, the air conditioning power command value is calculated, and the value is transmitted to the air conditioning control device 203.
- the vehicle required torque T_d is calculated according to the driver's accelerator pedal and brake pedal depression amounts. Then, in the vehicle required power calculation in step S809, the sum of the driving power necessary for outputting the air conditioning power command value calculated in step S805 and the vehicle required torque T_d calculated in step S808 by the driving motor is the vehicle required power.
- step S810 In the calculation of the required number n of storage element arrays connected in step S810, the number n of storage element arrays necessary to satisfy the vehicle power requirement calculated in step S808 is calculated based on each storage element array state. If the vehicle request torque T_d is greater than or equal to zero in step S406, the process proceeds to step S811, and if T_d is less than zero, the process proceeds to step S813. Then, a switching command for SW (1) to SW (N) is issued in accordance with the connection command in step S814, and in the calculation of the outputable torque in step S815, the storage element arrays SW (1) to SW connected to the electric load. The torque that can be output is calculated by (n). In step S816, it is determined whether or not the electric vehicle is key-off. If not, the process returns to step S802 again.
- step S806 if the difference between the in-vehicle temperature T of the electric vehicle measured by the in-vehicle temperature measuring device 111 and the set in-vehicle temperature T_0 of the electric vehicle specified by the driver is within the predetermined value T_th, the process proceeds to step S807, otherwise Advances to step S816.
- FIG. 12 shows a detailed flow of the process in the stopped air-conditioning power control step S807 of FIG.
- Steps S901 to S903 are the same processing as in the first embodiment (FIG. 6).
- step S903 when i is equal to or less than the number n of connection of the storage element arrays, the process proceeds to step S904, and otherwise, the process proceeds to step S908.
- the stopped air-conditioning power target value is determined according to the difference in the remaining power amount between the storage element arrays.
- the remaining amount difference between the storage element rows represents a difference between the average remaining amounts of the storage element rows currently connected to the electric load and all the storage element rows.
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the residual amount difference between the storage element arrays and the target air conditioning power value during stoppage.
- step S904 is performed in accordance with the difference (temperature difference) between the electric vehicle interior temperature T measured by the interior temperature measurement device 111 and the set interior temperature T_0 set by the driver. Is corrected as shown in FIG. 14 and calculated as an air conditioning power command value.
- the value is transmitted to the air conditioning controller 203.
- the air conditioning power command value is the temperature difference between the electric power (normal air conditioning power target value) required to realize the set vehicle interior temperature T_0 specified by the driver as the lower limit value and the stopped air conditioning power target value as the upper limit value. It is set to become larger as becomes larger.
- the air-conditioning power command value can be reduced to prevent the in-vehicle temperature from greatly deviating from the predetermined temperature.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and other forms conceivable within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. .
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第2の態様によると、第1の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、並列接続スイッチ制御部は、車両要求電力が零以上の場合、残量が大きい蓄電素子列から順に電気負荷に接続し、車両要求電力が零未満の場合、残量が小さい蓄電素子列から順に、電気負荷に接続することが好ましい。
本発明の第3の態様によると、第2の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、電気負荷に接続される蓄電素子列は、既に電気負荷に接続されている蓄電素子列の全体電圧と蓄電素子列の電圧の差が所定値未満である蓄電素子の中から選択されることが好ましい。
本発明の第4の態様によると、第3の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、電気負荷へ接続される蓄電素子列は、車両要求電力が零よりも大きい場合は、接続する蓄電素子列の残量が所定の下限値よりも大きい蓄電素子列の中から選択され、車両要求電力が零より小さい場合は、接続する蓄電素子列の残量が所定の上限値よりも小さい蓄電素子列の中から選択されることが好ましい。
本発明の第5の態様によると、第1の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、並列接続スイッチ制御部は、車両要求電力が零以外、かつ車両速度が零以外の場合、車両要求電力と蓄電素子列の充放電可能電力を基に蓄電素子列接続必要数以下の蓄電素子列を電気負荷に接続することが好ましい。
本発明の第6の態様によると、第5の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、蓄電素子列の充放電可能電力は、蓄電素子列が流すことが可能な電流および電気負荷に接続された全ての蓄電素子列全体の出力電圧を基に算出することが好ましい。
本発明の第7の態様によると、第1の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、車両要求電力算出部は、車両要求電力と要求空調電力を用いて車両要求電力を算出することが好ましい。
本発明の第8の態様によると、第7の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、ドライバーのアクセルペダルおよびブレーキペダル踏み込み量を基にドライバーの要求トルクを算出する要求トルク算出部と、モータ回転数を検出するモータ回転数検出部とを備え、車両要求電力は、ドライバーの要求トルクとモータ回転数とを基に蓄電システム制御装置によって算出されることが好ましい。
本発明の第9の態様によると、第7の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、要求空調電力は、空調装置の設定温度、車内温度、車両速度の少なくとも一つを用いて算出されることが好ましい。
本発明の第10の態様によると、第7の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、要求空調電力は、車両要求電力が零以外、かつ車両速度が零以外の場合、全蓄電素子列の残量の分散値が大きいほど、小さくなるように設定されることが好ましい。
本発明の第11の態様によると、第7の態様の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、要求空調電力は、車両要求電力が零、かつ車両速度が零の場合、空調装置の設定温度と車内温度の差が所定値内の場合、蓄電素子列間の残量差が大きいほど、大きくなるように設定されることが好ましい。
図1は、本発明によるの第1の実施形態の並列接続蓄電システムを備えた電動車両101の全体構成を示す概略図である。電動車両101は、駆動輪102a、102bに駆動力を出力する走行用のモータ103と、モータ103の駆動力を制御するインバータ104と、インバータ104を介してモータ103に電力を供給する並列接続蓄電システム105と、並列接続蓄電システム105内の蓄電素子を充電するために、外部電源から供給された電力を変換する充電器106と、空調装置107と、並列接続蓄電システム105の電力を空調装置107が使用することのできる電圧へ変圧させるための電力変換機108と、電動車両101の車内温度を測定することができる車内温度測定装置111と、電動車両101を制御するための統合制御装置109を備える。
電動車両全体の制御システムはインバータ104及びモータ103を制御するためのモータ制御装置201、並列接続蓄電システム105を制御する並列接続蓄電システム制御装置202、空調装置107を制御する空調制御装置203、充電器106を制御するための充電器制御装置204を備え、さらに、上記制御装置らを統合して制御する統合制御装置109を備えている。
並列接続蓄電システム105は複数個(N個)の蓄電素子列(ROW(1)~ROW(N))を備え、各々の蓄電素子列は複数個の蓄電素子(Bat)から構成されている。例えば図3の例では、並列接続蓄電システム105は2つの蓄電素子列蓄電素子列から構成され、ROW(1)は2個の蓄電素子Bat_11、Bat_12が直列接続されて構成されている。
スイッチSW(1)~SW(N)をオンとすることにより、蓄電素子列ROW(1)~ROW(N)は電気負荷(インバータ104)に接続され、インバータ104は接続された蓄電素子列ROWからの直流電力を3相交流電力に変換してモータ103に供給する。
電動車両がキーオン(ステップS401)されると、キーオン状態が継続している間は図4のフローチャートに従って電動車両の並列接続蓄電システム105は制御される。キーオンの後、ステップS402の各蓄電素子列状態検出において、蓄電素子列状態検出装置SN(1)~SN(N)によって蓄電素子列ROWの電圧、残量および充放電可能電力が検出される。ステップS403の車両要求トルクT_d算出において、ドライバーのアクセルペダルおよびブレーキペダル踏み込み量に応じて、車両要求トルクの算出を行う。そして、ステップS404の車両要求電力算出において、ステップS403で算出した車両要求トルクT_dを駆動用モータによって出力するために必要な電力(駆動要求電力)を、統合制御装置109に格納されているマップデータから算出し、この結果を車両要求電力とする。
力行時処理が開始されると、ステップS601において、全ての並列接続スイッチフラグF_SW(1)~F_SW(N)を0にする。その後ステップS602において、変数iに1を代入する。ステップS603において、iと、ステップS404で算出したnとを比較し、i>nであればステップS407での処理は終了となり、i≦nであればステップS604に進む。
S606において、F_SW(L(i))を1にする。すなわち残量の多い蓄電素子列から、その並列接続スイッチフラグF_SW(L(i))を1にする。そしてステップS607において、i=i+1とし、再びステップS603へ戻る。
力行時処理と同様に、ステップS601において、全ての並列接続スイッチフラグF_SW(1)~F_SW(N)を0にする。その後ステップS701において、変数iに1を代入する。ステップS703において、iとステップS404で算出した蓄電素子列接続必要数nを比較し、i>nであればステップS408での処理は終了し、i≦nであればステップS704に進む。
ステップS706において、F_SW(N-i+1)を1にする。ステップS707において、i=i+1とし、再びステップS703へ戻る。
ステップ409の接続指令では、ステップS407もしくはステップS408での並列接続スイッチフラグF_SW(1)~F_SW(N)の設定値に基づいて、統合制御装置109から並列接続蓄電システム制御装置202に対してスイッチSW(1)~SW(N)の切り替えが行われる。
また、各蓄電素子列の内部抵抗がほぼ等しい場合は、蓄電素子列の放電可能電力(残量)は各蓄電素子列のSOC(電圧)に比例する。従って、例えば上記の説明での蓄電素子列の上限残量値は、この蓄電素子列が過充電となる電圧に比例する。
本実施形態が第1の実施形態と異なるのは、車速が略零以外の際の前記蓄電素子列間の残量ばらつきが所定値以上発生した場合に、空調装置107への電力指令値を低下させる制御をすること、蓄電素子列の接続必要数を算出する際に空調電力を考慮すること、及び車両速度が略零の際に空調電力を各蓄電素子列の残量およびドライバーが指定した前記電動車両の設定車内温度T_0に応じて制御することである。本実施形態の車両走行中の並列接続蓄電システム105の動作について、図10~図14のフローチャートを用いて説明する。
図10において、電動車両がキーオン(ステップS801)されると、キーオン状態が継続している間、図10のフローチャートに従って電動車両の並列接続蓄電システムが制御される。キーオンの後、ステップS802の各蓄電素子列状態検出において、蓄電素子列状態検出装置SNによって蓄電素子列ROWの電圧、残量および充放電可能電力が検出される。
図12は図10の停止中空調電力制御ステップS807における処理の詳細フローを示す。
ステップS901からステップS903は第1の実施形態(図6)と同様の処理である。ステップS903において、iが蓄電素子列の接続数n以下のときはステップS904に進み、それ以外のときは、ステップS908に進む。ステップS904の停止中空調電力目標値算出において、蓄電素子列間残量差に応じて停止中空調電力目標値を決定する。
Claims (11)
- 複数の蓄電素子を直列に接続して構成される蓄電素子列を複数備えた、電動車両に搭載される電動車両用蓄電システムであって、
前記蓄電素子列を選択して並列に接続し、前記電動車両に搭載された電気負荷への接続と切り離しを前記蓄電素子列ごとに行う並列接続スイッチと、
前記並列接続スイッチを制御する並列接続スイッチ制御部と、
車両要求電力を算出する車両要求電力算出部と、
前記蓄電素子列の残量を検出する残量検出部と、
前記蓄電素子列の電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
前記車両要求電力と前記蓄電素子列の残量および前記蓄電素子列の電圧とを基に前記並列接続スイッチを制御する蓄電システム制御装置とを備える電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記並列接続スイッチ制御部は、前記車両要求電力が零以上の場合、残量が大きい蓄電素子列から順に前記電気負荷に接続し、
前記車両要求電力が零未満の場合、残量が小さい蓄電素子列から順に、電気負荷に接続する電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項2に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記電気負荷に接続される蓄電素子列は、既に前記電気負荷に接続されている蓄電素子列の全体電圧と前期蓄電素子列の電圧の差が所定値未満である蓄電素子の中から選択される電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項3に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記電気負荷へ接続される蓄電素子列は、前記車両要求電力が零よりも大きい場合は、接続する前記蓄電素子列の残量が所定の下限値よりも大きい蓄電素子列の中から選択され、前記車両要求電力が零より小さい場合は、接続する前記蓄電素子列の残量が所定の上限値よりも小さい蓄電素子列の中から選択される電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記並列接続スイッチ制御部は、車両要求電力が零以外、かつ車両速度が零以外の場合、車両要求電力と蓄電素子列の充放電可能電力を基に蓄電素子列接続必要数以下の蓄電素子列を電気負荷に接続する電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項5に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記蓄電素子列の充放電可能電力は、前記蓄電素子列が流すことが可能な電流および前記電気負荷に接続された全ての蓄電素子列全体の出力電圧を基に算出する電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記車両要求電力算出部は、車両要求電力と要求空調電力を用いて前記車両要求電力を算出する電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項7に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
ドライバーのアクセルペダルおよびブレーキペダル踏み込み量を基にドライバーの要求トルクを算出する要求トルク算出部と、モータ回転数を検出するモータ回転数検出部とを備え、前記車両要求電力は、前記ドライバーの要求トルクと前記モータ回転数とを基に前記蓄電システム制御装置によって算出される電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項7に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記要求空調電力は、空調装置の設定温度、車内温度、車両速度の少なくとも一つを用いて算出される電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項7に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記要求空調電力は、車両要求電力が零以外、かつ車両速度が零以外の場合、全蓄電素子列の残量の分散値が大きいほど、小さくなるように設定される電動車両用蓄電システム。 - 請求項7に記載の電動車両用蓄電システムにおいて、
前記要求空調電力は,車両要求電力が零、かつ車両速度が零の場合、空調装置の設定温度と車内温度の差が所定値内の場合、蓄電素子列間の残量差が大きいほど、大きくなるように設定される電動車両用蓄電システム。
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2014086278A (ja) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-12 | Mazda Motor Corp | 車両用電源制御装置 |
EP2961023A4 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-01-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Parallel-connected electricity storage system |
US9627718B2 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2017-04-18 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Parallel-connected electricity storage system |
JP2014180080A (ja) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 制御装置及び方法並びにプログラム |
CN103612571A (zh) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 东风小康汽车有限公司重庆分公司 | 电动汽车蓄电池故障紧急控制系统 |
JP2016029871A (ja) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-03-03 | 富士電機株式会社 | 電気推進装置の充電制御方式 |
JPWO2016185536A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-18 | 2018-02-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 蓄電装置及び接続制御方法 |
US10355320B2 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2019-07-16 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Power storage device for a battery group and connection control of capacitor and switching device |
JP2018057228A (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトDaimler AG | 車両用バッテリの制御装置 |
US11130423B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2021-09-28 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Battery system having multiple accumulator apparatus for a battery-operated electric vehicle and method for utilizing a remaining range of same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103339816A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
JP5597728B2 (ja) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2670018A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
JPWO2012101771A1 (ja) | 2014-06-30 |
KR101488866B1 (ko) | 2015-02-02 |
EP2670018A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
EP2670018B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
CN103339816B (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
KR20130093665A (ko) | 2013-08-22 |
US20130300192A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
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