WO2012098881A1 - 発電システム、発電モジュール、モジュール固定装置、および発電システムの敷設方法 - Google Patents
発電システム、発電モジュール、モジュール固定装置、および発電システムの敷設方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012098881A1 WO2012098881A1 PCT/JP2012/000290 JP2012000290W WO2012098881A1 WO 2012098881 A1 WO2012098881 A1 WO 2012098881A1 JP 2012000290 W JP2012000290 W JP 2012000290W WO 2012098881 A1 WO2012098881 A1 WO 2012098881A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
- H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
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- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T29/49016—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making
- Y10T29/49018—Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making with other electrical component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resonant magnetic field coupling type non-contact power technology that transmits power wirelessly using resonant magnetic coupling instead of electromagnetic induction or electromagnetic wave propagation.
- the present invention also relates to a power generation system that raises the voltage of electric energy generated by a power generation unit such as a solar cell by resonance magnetic field coupling type non-contact power transmission.
- a “solar cell module” in which a large number of cells are arranged in a metallic module frame and the cells are interconnected is used.
- a glass plate is provided on the front surface of the solar cell module (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “module”), and each cell operates in a state sealed from the atmosphere by resin.
- a solar power generation system can be constructed by laying such a solar cell module.
- the high manufacturing cost of components such as modules and power conditioners is a barrier, but the cost of laying modules and configuring the system is high Cannot be ignored as an introduction barrier. Considering that it is performed at a high place, the laying work is dangerous and expensive, which is a serious problem for further spread of the photovoltaic power generation system.
- the module terminals are arranged on the back side of the module, and wiring connection between the module terminals must be made on the back side of the module.
- the modules should be spread without gaps. Furthermore, modules have been increasing in area in recent years, and wiring work for connecting modules at high locations has become more dangerous and difficult.
- Patent Document 2 As an example of a conventional photovoltaic power generation apparatus, a proposal for simply connecting modules has been made (see Patent Document 2). In this power supply system, electromagnetic induction technology is applied, and modules are connected in series and in parallel.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a new wireless energy transmission device that transmits energy between two resonators via a space.
- vibration energy is wirelessly (contactlessly) connected by coupling two resonators through a vibration energy exudation (evanescent tail) generated in a space around the resonator.
- evanescent tail vibration energy exudation
- JP 2006-136045 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-275644 (FIGS. 4 and 5) US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0278264 (FIG. 11B, FIG. 14)
- the problem inherent to the solar power generation device that the cell output is low voltage cannot be solved.
- the output voltage Vc of a single crystalline silicon solar cell (cell) that is widely used because of its high energy conversion efficiency is about 0.5 V, which is extremely low.
- the operation efficiency of a general conversion circuit (power conditioner) is maximized.
- at least 350 Vdc or more. Input voltage is required.
- a series connection configuration of several hundred cells is required.
- the boosting characteristic in the wireless energy transmission device of Patent Document 2 is only the boosting characteristic brought about by the conventional transformer technology, and is insufficient to solve the problem of the present invention.
- the distance that the RF energy can reach from the power transmission antenna to the power reception antenna is only a small value, and the relative position parallel to the opposing surface of the power transmission antenna and the power reception antenna. It is difficult to perform high-efficiency transmission with a realistic configuration, for example, the tolerance for deviation is too low. Also, the transformer characteristics that can be used within the range of conventional electromagnetic induction technology are only ideal conventional transformer characteristics, and in order to achieve a high boost of input / output voltage, the winding ratio must be set to a very high value. No longer.
- the boosting characteristic in the wireless energy transmission device of Patent Document 3 is only the boosting characteristic brought about by the conventional transformer technology, and is insufficient to solve the problem of the present invention.
- the power generation system of the present invention includes a plurality of power generation modules and a module fixing device that fixes the plurality of power generation modules to an object to be fixed.
- Each of the plurality of power generation modules includes a power generation module main body having a power generation element that generates DC energy, and a power transmission unit attached to the power generation module main body, and converts the DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0.
- a power transmission section having a power transmission antenna that receives an input of RF energy from the oscillator and transmits the energy as a resonant magnetic field to space.
- the module fixing device includes: a first fixing member that fixes the plurality of power generation modules; and at least one of the RF energy transmitted by the corresponding power transmission antenna, each corresponding to one of the plurality of power generation modules. And a second fixing member for fixing the plurality of power receiving antennas.
- the first fixing member and the second fixing member include the plurality of power generation modules and the plurality of power reception units so that each power reception antenna and a power transmission antenna corresponding to the power reception antenna are at least partially opposed to each other. Fix each antenna.
- the power generation system further includes a combining unit that combines outputs of the plurality of power receiving antennas in parallel.
- the power transmitting antenna is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitive element are connected in series
- the power receiving antenna is a parallel resonant circuit in which a second inductor and a second capacitive element are connected in parallel.
- the resonance frequency fT of the power transmission antenna and the resonance frequency fR of the power reception antenna are both set equal to the frequency f0 of the RF energy
- the step-up ratio of the oscillator is Voc
- the inductance of the first inductor is L1
- the second inductor (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 (k / Voc) 2 is satisfied, where L2 is an inductance and L is a coupling coefficient between the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna.
- Another power generation system of the present invention includes a plurality of power generation modules and a module fixing device that fixes the plurality of power generation modules to an object to be fixed.
- Each of the plurality of power generation modules includes a power generation module main body having a power generation element that generates DC energy, and a power transmission unit attached to the power generation module main body, and converts the DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0.
- a power transmission section having a power transmission antenna that receives an input of RF energy from the oscillator and transmits the energy as a resonant magnetic field to space.
- the module fixing device includes: a first fixing member that fixes the plurality of power generation modules; and at least one of the RF energy transmitted by the corresponding power transmission antenna, each corresponding to one of the plurality of power generation modules. And a second fixing member for fixing the plurality of power receiving antennas.
- the first fixing member and the second fixing member include the plurality of power generation modules and the plurality of power reception units so that each power reception antenna and a power transmission antenna corresponding to the power reception antenna are at least partially opposed to each other. Fix each antenna.
- the power generation system further includes a combining unit that combines the outputs of the plurality of power receiving antennas in parallel, and a rectifier that rectifies the outputs of the combining unit.
- the power transmitting antenna is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitive element are connected in series
- the power receiving antenna is a parallel resonant circuit in which a second inductor and a second capacitive element are connected in parallel.
- the resonant frequency fT of the power transmission antenna and the resonant frequency fR of the power receiving antenna are both set equal to the frequency f0 of the RF energy
- the boost ratio of the oscillator is Voc
- the boost ratio of the rectifier is Vrr
- the first inductor (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 (k / (Voc ⁇ Vrr)) 2 where L1 is the inductance of the second inductor, L2 is the inductance of the second inductor, and k is the coupling coefficient between the power transmission antenna and the power reception antenna.
- Still another power generation system includes a plurality of power generation modules and a module fixing device that fixes the plurality of power generation modules to an object to be fixed.
- Each of the plurality of power generation modules includes a power generation module main body having a power generation element that generates DC energy, and a power transmission unit attached to the power generation module main body, and converts the DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0.
- a power transmission section having a power transmission antenna that receives an input of RF energy from the oscillator and transmits the energy as a resonant magnetic field to space.
- the module fixing device includes: a first fixing member that fixes the plurality of power generation modules; and at least one of the RF energy transmitted by the corresponding power transmission antenna, each corresponding to one of the plurality of power generation modules. And a second fixing member for fixing the plurality of power receiving antennas.
- the first fixing member and the second fixing member include the plurality of power generation modules and the plurality of power reception units so that each power reception antenna and a power transmission antenna corresponding to the power reception antenna are at least partially opposed to each other. Fix each antenna.
- the power generation system further includes a plurality of rectifiers that respectively rectify outputs of the plurality of power receiving antennas, and a combining unit that synthesizes the outputs of the plurality of rectifiers in parallel.
- the power transmitting antenna is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitive element are connected in series
- the power receiving antenna is a parallel resonant circuit in which a second inductor and a second capacitive element are connected in parallel.
- the resonant frequency fT of the power transmission antenna and the resonant frequency fR of the power receiving antenna are both set equal to the frequency f0 of the RF energy
- the boost ratio of the oscillator is Voc
- the boost ratio of the rectifier is Vrr
- the first inductor (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 (k / (Voc ⁇ Vrr)) 2 where L1 is the inductance of the second inductor, L2 is the inductance of the second inductor, and k is the coupling coefficient between the power transmission antenna and the power reception antenna.
- Still another power generation system includes a plurality of power generation modules and a module fixing device that fixes the plurality of power generation modules to an object to be fixed.
- Each of the plurality of power generation modules includes a power generation module main body having a power generation element that generates DC energy, and a power transmission unit attached to the power generation module main body, and converts the DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0.
- a power transmission section having a power transmission antenna that receives an input of RF energy from the oscillator and transmits the energy as a resonant magnetic field to space.
- the module fixing device includes: a first fixing member that fixes the plurality of power generation modules; and at least one of the RF energy transmitted by the corresponding power transmission antenna, each corresponding to one of the plurality of power generation modules. And a second fixing member for fixing the plurality of power receiving antennas.
- the first fixing member and the second fixing member include the plurality of power generation modules and the plurality of power reception units so that each power reception antenna and a power transmission antenna corresponding to the power reception antenna are at least partially opposed to each other. Fix each antenna.
- the power generation system further includes a combining unit that combines the outputs of the plurality of power receiving antennas in parallel, and a frequency conversion circuit that converts the frequency of the output of the combining unit.
- the power transmitting antenna is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitive element are connected in series
- the power receiving antenna is a parallel resonant circuit in which a second inductor and a second capacitive element are connected in parallel.
- the resonance frequency fT of the power transmission antenna and the resonance frequency fR of the power reception antenna are both set equal to the frequency f0 of the RF energy, the boost ratio of the oscillator is Voc, the boost ratio of the frequency conversion circuit is Vtr,
- the inductance of one inductor is L1
- the inductance of the second inductor is L2
- the coupling coefficient between the power transmission antenna and the power reception antenna is k, (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 (k / (Voc ⁇ Vtr)) 2 Satisfied.
- Still another power generation system includes a plurality of power generation modules and a module fixing device that fixes the plurality of power generation modules to an object to be fixed.
- Each of the plurality of power generation modules includes a power generation module main body having a power generation element that generates DC energy, and a power transmission unit attached to the power generation module main body, and converts the DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0.
- a power transmission section having a power transmission antenna that receives an input of RF energy from the oscillator and transmits the energy as a resonant magnetic field to space.
- the module fixing device includes: a first fixing member that fixes the plurality of power generation modules; and at least one of the RF energy transmitted by the corresponding power transmission antenna, each corresponding to one of the plurality of power generation modules. And a second fixing member for fixing the plurality of power receiving antennas.
- the first fixing member and the second fixing member include the plurality of power generation modules and the plurality of power reception units so that each power reception antenna and a power transmission antenna corresponding to the power reception antenna are at least partially opposed to each other. Fix each antenna.
- the power generation system further includes a plurality of frequency conversion circuits that respectively convert the frequencies of the outputs of the plurality of power receiving antennas, and a combining unit that combines the outputs of the plurality of frequency conversion circuits in parallel.
- the power transmitting antenna is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitive element are connected in series
- the power receiving antenna is a parallel resonant circuit in which a second inductor and a second capacitive element are connected in parallel.
- the resonance frequency fT of the power transmission antenna and the resonance frequency fR of the power reception antenna are both set equal to the frequency f0 of the RF energy, the boost ratio of the oscillator is Voc, the boost ratio of the frequency conversion circuit is Vtr,
- the inductance of one inductor is L1
- the inductance of the second inductor is L2
- the coupling coefficient between the power transmission antenna and the power reception antenna is k, (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 (k / (Voc ⁇ Vtr)) 2 Satisfied.
- the power generation module of the present invention includes a power generation module main body having a power generation element that generates DC energy, an oscillator attached to the power generation module main body and converting the DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0, and RF energy from the oscillator.
- the power transmission antenna is a series resonance circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitance element are connected in series.
- a module fixing device includes a power generation module main body having a power generation element that generates DC energy, an oscillator attached to the power generation module main body and converting the DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0, and an RF from the oscillator
- a plurality of power generation modules each including a power transmission unit having a power transmission antenna that receives energy input and transmits the energy as a resonant magnetic field to a space, and wherein the power transmission antenna is a series resonance circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitance element are connected in series
- a plurality of power receiving antennas which are parallel resonant circuits in which an inductor and a second capacitive element are connected in parallel
- the power generation system laying method of the present invention is any one of the above power generation system laying methods, the step of preparing the module fixing device, the step of installing the module fixing device on the fixed object, A step of preparing a power generation module; and a step of fixing the power generation module to the object to be fixed by the first fixing member of the module fixing device.
- a high boosting effect can be realized when power transmission between antennas is performed using resonance magnetic field coupling.
- the power generation system and the power generation module, the module fixing device, and the power generation system laying method according to the embodiment of the present invention the laying cost is reduced and the replacement work when a part of the power generation unit is deteriorated is simplified. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the non-contact transmission unit illustrated in FIG. 9. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram from the side of a power generation system. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram from the side of a power generation system. It is a perspective schematic diagram from the upper surface of a power generation system. It is a perspective schematic diagram from the upper surface of a power generation system.
- (A) is a top view which shows the example of arrangement
- (b) is the typical sectional drawing. It is a figure which shows the other example of antenna arrangement
- It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram from the side of the component group near a power transmission antenna and a power receiving antenna. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram from the side of the component group near a power transmission antenna and a power receiving antenna. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram from the side of the component group near a power transmission antenna and a power receiving antenna.
- It is a perspective schematic diagram from the upper surface of a power generation system. It is a perspective schematic diagram from the upper surface of a power generation system.
- (A) is a circuit diagram of a half-wave voltage doubler rectifier circuit that can be used in the second embodiment of the power generator according to the present invention, and (b) is a double-wave voltage doubler that can be used in the second embodiment. It is a circuit diagram of a rectifier circuit. It is a block diagram which shows 3rd Embodiment of the electric power generation system by this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the electric power generation system of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a basic block diagram of the electric power generation system of the 4th Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 It is a circuit diagram of the inverter of the single phase output which can be used in 4th Embodiment of the electric power generation system by this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the inverter of the three-phase output which can be used in 4th Embodiment of the electric power generation system by this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the V-contact inverter which can be used in 4th Embodiment of the electric power generation system by this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the step-up chopper circuit that can be used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a circuit diagram of the matrix converter of the indirect system which can be used in the 4th Embodiment of this invention. FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a direct-type matrix converter that can be used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a basic block diagram of the electric power generation system of the 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the electric power generation system of the 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart of the installation method of the electric power generation system of the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart of the laying method of the conventional power generation system. It is a schematic diagram of the electric power generating apparatus of the 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the electric power generating apparatus fixing member of the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in the middle of connecting the respective components of the power generation system
- FIG. 1B schematically shows a state in which the respective power components are combined to form one power generation system. It is sectional drawing shown.
- the power generation system of the present invention includes a plurality of power generation modules 10 and a module fixing device 20 that fixes the plurality of power generation modules 10 to an object 1 to be fixed.
- a module fixing device 20 that fixes the plurality of power generation modules 10 to an object 1 to be fixed.
- two power generation modules 10 are described for simplicity.
- the number of power generation modules 10 is not limited to two.
- a preferred embodiment of the power generation system according to the present invention may include three or more power generation modules 10.
- the “power generation module” may be simply referred to as “module”.
- Each of the plurality of power generation modules 10 includes a power generation module main body 101 having a power generation element that generates DC energy, and a power transmission unit 200 attached to the power generation module main body 101.
- the power transmission unit 200 includes an oscillator 103 that converts DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0, and a power transmission antenna 107 that receives the RF energy input from the oscillator 103 and transmits the RF energy to the space.
- the module fixing device 20 includes a first fixing member 21, a plurality of power receiving antennas 109, and a second fixing member 22.
- the first fixing member 21 and the second fixing member 22 are connected by another member 23.
- the configuration of the module fixing device according to the present invention is such an example. It is not limited to.
- the first fixing member 21 is configured to fix the plurality of power generation modules 10 to the fixed object 1.
- Each of the plurality of power receiving antennas 109 corresponds to one of the plurality of power generation modules 10 and receives at least a part of the RF energy transmitted by the corresponding power transmitting antenna 107.
- the first fixing member 21 and the second fixing member 22 include a plurality of power transmission antennas 107 and a plurality of power reception antennas 109 such that each power reception antenna 109 and the power transmission antenna 107 corresponding thereto are at least partially opposed to each other. To fix.
- the power generation system further includes a combining unit 30 that combines the outputs of the plurality of power receiving antennas 109 in parallel.
- the combining unit 30 is connected to each power receiving antenna 109 by a wire.
- the synthesizing unit 30 does not have to be arranged inside the module fixing device 20 and may be placed outside the module fixing device 20. When a plurality of wires are connected at one place or at a plurality of places, each connecting portion can function as the “combining unit 30”.
- the power transmission antenna 107 is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitive element are connected in series.
- the power receiving antenna 109 is a parallel resonant circuit in which a second inductor and a second capacitive element are connected in parallel.
- the resonance frequency fT of the power transmission antenna 107 and the resonance frequency fR of the power reception antenna 109 are both set equal to the frequency f0 of the RF energy.
- the inductance of the first inductor is L1
- the inductance of the second inductor is L2
- the coupling coefficient between the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 is k. (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 (k / Voc) 2 is satisfied.
- the frequency f0 is set to, for example, 50 Hz to 300 GHz, more preferably 20 kHz to 10 GHz, further preferably 20 kHz to 20 MHz, and further preferably 20 kHz to 1 MHz.
- the term “radio frequency” in this specification includes the above frequency band widely.
- the oscillator 103 receives direct current energy (electric power) generated by the power generation module main body 101, and converts the direct current energy into RF energy having a frequency f0 (DC / RF conversion).
- the RF energy output from the oscillator 103 is input to the power transmission antenna 107 connected to the oscillator 103.
- the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 which are resonators designed so that the resonance frequencies are equal, are coupled via a resonant magnetic field formed by the mutual resonators in the peripheral space, and the power receiving antenna 109 is connected by the power transmitting antenna 107. It is possible to efficiently receive at least a part of the transmitted RF energy.
- the power receiving antenna 109 is not in physical contact with the power transmitting antenna 107 and is preferably separated from the power transmitting antenna 107 by, for example, several millimeters to several tens of centimeters.
- the non-contact transmission power transmission unit 200 including the oscillator 103 and the power transmission antenna 107 is fixed in advance to the back surface of the power generation module main body 101 before the power generation module main body 101 is installed. Further, it may be fixed to the end face of the power generation module main body 101.
- the DC output terminal of the power generation module body 101 and the DC input terminal of the oscillator 103 are conductively connected. As a means for conducting connection, a cable or a means such as direct soldering between electrodes can be applied.
- the non-contact transmission power reception unit including the power reception antenna 109 is fixed to the first fixing member 21 in the module fixing device 20.
- the first fixing member 21 may be substituted by the roof itself on which the module 10 is installed, or may be also used as the member 23 that fixes the module 10 to the roof.
- the first fixing member 21, the second fixing member 22, and the other member 23 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B are integrated as one long fixing member 141.
- the fixing member 141 fixes the plurality of power receiving antennas 109 so as to at least partially face the first fixing member 21 that fixes the plurality of power generation modules 10 to the fixed object 1 and the corresponding power transmission antenna 107. It also serves as the second fixing member 22.
- a part of the roof itself may be configured to function as the fixing member 141.
- the long fixing member 141 shown in FIG. 1C includes a cable 143.
- the cable 143 may be fixed to the surface of the fixing member 141 or may be arranged inside the fixing member 141.
- the plurality of input terminals of the cable 143 are connected to the plurality of output terminals, respectively.
- An eddy current avoidance space 159 is formed on the surface of the fixing member 141 facing the lower surface of the power receiving antenna 109 (the surface not facing the power transmitting antenna 107).
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the power generation system of the present invention includes a plurality of power generation system elements 131a, 131b,... 131n connected in parallel.
- Each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n includes a power generation module body 101, an oscillator 103, a power transmission antenna 107, and a power reception antenna 109 connected in series.
- the direct current energy generated by the power generation module main body 101 is converted into RF energy by the oscillator 103 with high efficiency.
- This RF energy is transmitted in a non-contact manner between the power transmission antenna 107 on the power transmission side and the power reception antenna 109 on the power reception side.
- the RF energy (power) output from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is combined by parallel connection and then supplied to the load 133.
- the load 133 in the present embodiment is a normal electronic device that operates with RF energy input.
- the output voltage obtained from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is dramatically increased as compared with the output voltage of each module. Therefore, even if the power generation system elements 131a to 131n are connected in parallel, the system output voltage can be easily boosted to a high voltage value required by the load 133.
- the power generation system according to the embodiment of the present invention has a mechanism that can complete various pre-processes before the module laying work process, it is possible to reduce the complexity of laying and module replacement work.
- the reduction in complexity directly leads to a reduction in time required for both operations (ie, cost reduction) and a reduction in work risk.
- the first step is fixing the oscillator 103 and the power transmission antenna 107 to the power generation module main body 101.
- the second step is connection of the output terminal of the power receiving antenna 109 and the input terminal of the cable 143.
- the third step is fixing the power receiving antenna 109 to the fixing member.
- the fourth step is a wiring connection step for performing parallel synthesis of output power from the plurality of power receiving antennas 109 in the fixed member.
- the power generation system elements 131a to 131n are connected in parallel, a part of the characteristics of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n deteriorates, or a difference occurs in the sunlight irradiation conditions for the power generation system elements 131a to 131n. Even in this case, it is possible to easily obtain more stable characteristics than the conventional power generation system.
- each oscillator 103 adjust the oscillation phase because the combined efficiency of generated power is maximized by aligning the phases of the RF energy output from the plurality of power receiving antennas 109.
- the oscillator 103 By providing the oscillator 103 with a communication function, information exchange between the oscillators 103 can be performed wirelessly. For this reason, the above adjustment does not hinder the simplicity of the laying method of the present system.
- the “antenna” in the present invention is not a normal antenna for transmitting and receiving a radiated electromagnetic field, but transmits energy between two objects by using the coupling of the proximity component (evanescent tail) of the magnetic field of the resonator. It is an element for.
- energy loss radiation loss
- the energy transmission using the coupling of the resonant magnetic field (near field) not only has a smaller loss than the known non-contact power transmission using Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, but also, for example, a few meters away. Energy can be transmitted between two resonators (antennas) with high efficiency.
- the resonance frequency fT and the resonance frequency fR in the present invention are both set equal to the frequency f0 of the oscillator 103, but fT and / or fR do not need to completely match the frequency f0.
- “frequency fT is equal to frequency fR” is defined as a case where the following Expression 1 is satisfied.
- a device for realizing the MPPT function such as a dc-dc solution, may be inserted between the module main body 101 and the oscillator 103. Specifically, it is a device that tracks the maximum power while performing variable boosting or variable stepping or both of the generated voltage so as to maximize the amount of power generated from the module.
- the diagnosis of whether or not the power generation amount is maximized may be performed after the power receiving antenna 109 or may be performed before the oscillator 103. Based on the diagnostic information, it is possible to variably control the step-up / step-down ratio to perform maximum power tracking.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the fixing member 141 seen through from the back side of the module 10.
- a cable configuration in which output power is combined in parallel at least once in the fixing member 141 so that the logarithm (number of pairs) Ncout of the output terminal 147 of the cable 143 is smaller than the logarithm Ncin of the input terminal 145 is adopted. It is preferable to do.
- the “number of terminals (number of terminal pairs)” means how many terminal configurations necessary for energy transmission are required.
- the part extended in one direction in the fixing member 141 is a function of fixing M or N modules to an area such as a roof. Can be fulfilled.
- FIG. 3 only one part of the fixing member 141 and one part extending in the lateral direction is described, and this part fixes one side of the four modules to a roof or the like.
- the module 10 is arranged on one side of the fixing member 141, but also the module 10 may be arranged on both sides of the fixing member 141 as shown in FIG. It is not necessary to arrange the cable 143 on the fixing member 141 for each row.
- every other cable 143 is provided instead of all four fixing members 141.
- by reducing the number of cables required for the entire system it is possible to further reduce the laying cost associated with wiring connection work at a high place.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of a non-contact transmission unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the power transmitting antenna 107 in this embodiment is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor 107a and a first capacitive element 107b are connected in series
- the power receiving antenna 109 includes a second inductor 109a and a second inductor 109b.
- This is a parallel resonant circuit in which capacitive elements 109b are connected in parallel.
- the series resonance circuit of the power transmission antenna 107 has a parasitic resistance component R1
- the parallel resonance circuit of the power reception antenna 109 has a parasitic resistance component R2.
- the inductance of the first inductor 107a is L1
- the inductance of the second inductor 109a is L2
- the coupling coefficient between the power transmission antenna 107 and the power reception antenna 109 is k
- the values of L1, L2, k, and Voc are determined so that the relationship is satisfied. (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 (k / Voc) 2
- the input DC energy voltage can be increased by a factor of two or more (step-up ratio: 2 or more) during non-contact power transmission. The reason why such boosting is realized will be described in detail later.
- the non-contact transmission unit in the present embodiment when transmitting power between antennas in a non-contact manner, it is possible to efficiently boost low-voltage energy (power). Therefore, according to the power generation system element of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present embodiment, even when the output voltage of the power generation module main body 101 is low, it is possible to output high voltage power due to the boosting effect. For this reason, it becomes possible to greatly reduce the number of cells that should be connected in series in the prior art. As a result, it is possible to provide a new solar power generation system suitable for popularization that can reduce the installation cost and the maintenance cost.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a non-contact transmission unit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the non-contact transmission unit is different from the above-described non-contact transmission unit (FIG. 6) in that a rectifier circuit (rectifier) 115 connected to the subsequent stage of the power receiving antenna 109 is provided.
- a rectifier circuit (rectifier) 115 connected to the subsequent stage of the power receiving antenna 109 is provided.
- the non-contact transmission unit of the present embodiment it is possible to output DC energy from the non-contact transmission unit by the function of the rectifier circuit 115. Therefore, in the power generation system element of the photovoltaic power generation system of this embodiment, even if the output voltage of the power generation module main body 101 is low, the DC energy boosted to a sufficiently high voltage is obtained due to the boosting effect at the time of non-contact power transmission. Can be output.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a non-contact transmission unit in still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the non-contact transmission unit is different from the above-described non-contact transmission unit (FIGS. 6 and 7) in that a frequency conversion circuit (RF / AC conversion circuit) 161 connected to the subsequent stage of the power receiving antenna 109 is provided. is there.
- RF / AC conversion circuit RF / AC conversion circuit
- AC energy can be output from the non-contact transmission unit by the function of the frequency conversion circuit 161. Therefore, in the power generation system element of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment, even if the output voltage of the power generation module body 101 is low, the AC energy boosted to a sufficiently high voltage is obtained due to the boosting effect during non-contact power transmission. Can be output.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic view of the vicinity of the non-contact transmission unit which is a part of the power generation system shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the non-contact transmission unit 105 shown in FIG. 9 and 10, the same reference numerals are assigned to the components corresponding to the components shown in FIGS. 1 and 6.
- the power generation system in the present embodiment is a “solar power generation system” in which the module 10 includes an element that generates power with solar energy.
- the portion related to each module in the photovoltaic power generation system of this embodiment includes at least an oscillator 103, a power transmission antenna 107, and a power reception antenna 109, which are configured in series.
- the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 are physically non-contact. In order to improve the reproducibility of the non-contact transmission characteristics between the antennas, it is effective to keep the facing distance between the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 simply and constant.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a part of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment, that is, a part related to one module 10.
- the power generation module main body 101 includes a structure in which a group of solar cells, a sealing material, and a surface glass plate are sandwiched, and a module frame 151 surrounding the structure.
- the module frame 151 is formed of a conductor such as aluminum and constitutes an outer portion of the module 10.
- the module frame 151 is fixed to a first fixing member 153 that is fixed to an installation surface 157 such as a roof, similarly to a normal laying process.
- the facing distance from the installation surface 157 to the power transmission antenna 107 becomes a constant value by fixing the power transmission antenna 107 to the power generation module main body 101.
- the second fixing member 155 is also fixed to the installation surface 157.
- the facing distance from the installation surface 157 to the power receiving antenna 109 is also a constant value. Therefore, the relative arrangement relationship between the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 can be maintained at a constant facing distance by a simple laying operation.
- the facing distance is preferably several millimeters to several tens of centimeters.
- the arrangement position of the cable 143 may be embedded in the second fixing member 155 or may be fixed to the surface of the second fixing member 155 as shown in FIG. 11A.
- the first fixing member 153 can be embedded, fixed, and fixed to the surface.
- the number of operations for fixing the fixing member to the arrangement surface 157 can be further reduced.
- FIG. 11B shows an embodiment in which a protective member 117 that covers the antennas 107 and 109 is provided.
- the difference from the configuration of FIG. 11A is the presence or absence of the protective member 117.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 are plan perspective views showing examples of arrangement of the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109, respectively.
- the configuration example shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 will be described later.
- the lower surface of the second fixing member 155 is in contact with the installation surface 157.
- the relative positional relationship of the second fixing member 155 with respect to the installation surface 157 may be determined by the fixing process of the first fixing member 153.
- the fixing member 141 shown in FIGS. 1C, 3, 4, and 5 is illustrated as a combination of the first fixing member 153 and the second fixing member 155 described above.
- the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 are arranged so that at least a part thereof is opposed.
- the arrangement of the antennas 107 and 109 is not limited to the opposed arrangement, and it is sufficient that the antennas 107 and 109 are arranged so as not to be orthogonal to each other.
- the power transmitting antenna 107 is a series resonant circuit composed of a first inductor 107a and a first capacitive element 107b
- the power receiving antenna 109 is a parallel resonant circuit composed of a second inductor 109a and a second capacitive element 109b.
- the first method is to increase the facing distance between the antennas. Further, in a range where the facing distance between the antennas is short (depending on the antenna area, for example, when the distance is set in the range of several millimeters to several centimeters), the second method is size asymmetry between the antennas. It is effective to reduce the antenna facing area as a third method.
- the two antennas tend to be designed to have the same area, close distance, and the two antennas completely intersecting with each other so that k is the maximum value of 1. was there. Furthermore, a magnetic core has often been introduced to reduce leakage magnetic flux. Therefore, the relative arrangement of the antennas in the above three methods is a condition that cannot be assumed in the conventional electromagnetic induction technology.
- the power transmission antenna 107 may be set to be smaller than the power reception antenna 109 as shown in FIG.
- the third method as shown in FIG. 13, when the sizes of the first inductor 107a and the second inductor 109a are set to be equal or close to each other, the relative arrangement positions of the two inductors are set. It is to shift.
- a magnetic material is often disposed so as to be sandwiched between adjacent transmitting and receiving antennas for the purpose of increasing the coupling coefficient between the transmitting and receiving antennas.
- the introduction of the magnetic substance causes concentration of the magnetic field in the introduced magnetic substance, and causes a reduction in transmission efficiency due to the loss characteristics of the magnetic substance.
- the improvement of the coupling coefficient between the transmitting and receiving antennas which is the purpose of introducing the magnetic material, rather hinders the boosting characteristics of the present application.
- the substance disposed in the space between the transmitting and receiving antennas is either a dielectric material containing air or water.
- FIG. 14A shows an example of the arrangement area 113 of the power receiving antenna 109 projected perpendicularly to the arrangement plane of the power transmission antenna 107.
- the “arrangement plane” of the power transmission antenna 107 is defined as one plane (first arrangement plane) including the front surface of the first inductor 107a.
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement surface 240 of the first inductor 107a.
- the first inductor 107 a in the example of FIG. 14B is parallel to the arrangement surface 240.
- the arrangement area of the power receiving antenna is defined as an area surrounded by the outline of the second inductor 109a projected perpendicularly to the arrangement surface 240 of the power transmission antenna 107.
- FIG. 14 (a) shows the first inductor 107a projected perpendicular to the arrangement plane of the power transmission antenna 107.
- FIG. 14A the first inductor 107 a projected onto the arrangement surface of the power transmission antenna 107 exists inside the arrangement area 113 and is close to the edge of the arrangement area 113.
- the power transmission antenna may be set larger than the power receiving antenna, in particular, after setting the antenna shape and size to an asymmetric combination.
- the antenna arrangement relationship is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. 14, and may be an arrangement relationship in which the power transmission antenna 107 and the power reception antenna 109 are interchanged. That is, “power transmission antenna 107” in FIG. 14 may be replaced with “power receiving antenna 109”, and “arrangement area 113” may be replaced with “arrangement area of power transmission antenna 107”.
- the “arrangement area of the power transmission antenna 107” is an area surrounded by the outline of the inductor 107a projected on the arrangement surface of the power reception antenna 109.
- the “arrangement plane of the power receiving antenna 109” is defined as one plane (second arrangement plane) including the front surface of the second inductor 109a. From the viewpoint of transmission efficiency, the first arrangement surface and the second arrangement surface are preferably parallel to each other, but they do not have to be strictly parallel. The first inductor 107a and the second inductor 109a do not need to have a planar shape.
- FIG. 15 shows another example of the arrangement area 113 of the power receiving antenna 109 projected perpendicularly to the arrangement plane of the power transmission antenna 107.
- the first fixing member 153 is preferably made of a material such as stainless steel whose mechanical strength can be maintained over a long period of time so that the module 10 does not fall even when exposed to strong winds.
- the stress from the module or the wiring connection portion is not directly applied to the second fixing member 155, and the material selection range regarding the mechanical strength can be relaxed. Therefore, for example, the second fixing member 155 can be made of resin.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a group of components in the vicinity of the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109.
- the power transmission efficiency between the antennas can be maintained at a high value.
- the generation of eddy currents induced in the peripheral conductor is suppressed, so that deterioration of transmission efficiency can be prevented.
- the eddy current avoidance space 159 has a low loss and high magnetic permeability such as Fe—Nb—Zr—B based soft magnetic alloys, iron based amorphous alloys, silicon steel plates, magnetic materials such as ferrite, and dielectric materials such as resins and ceramics. Although it may be a body, a general nonmagnetic conductor cannot be adopted. Further, since air is also a low loss material, it can be selected as a material for the eddy current avoidance space 159.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another configuration example.
- the second fixing member 155 is made of a non-magnetic conductor, and a digging portion having a certain depth is added to the surface at a position immediately below the power receiving antenna 109.
- the eddy current avoidance space 159 can be comprised by filling the said dug part with air. In this case, even if rainwater accumulates in the eddy current avoidance space 159 due to the operation of the device outdoors, the transmission characteristics are not adversely affected.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another configuration example.
- a hole penetrating the second fixing member 155 is formed in a region immediately below the power receiving antenna 109.
- the configuration of the eddy current avoidance space 159 and the weight reduction of the second fixing member 155 can be achieved at the same time.
- the power receiving antenna 109 in which the spiral-shaped inductor mainly constitutes the central portion may be fixed at the periphery thereof with a protective member 117 made of a resin material or the like, and the power receiving antenna 109 is connected to the second fixing member 155. Fixing may be performed via the protection member 117. It is possible to fix the spatial arrangement of the second antenna 109 while avoiding unnecessary proximity between the second fixing member 155 and the second antenna 109 which may be configured by a nonmagnetic conductor or the like.
- the second fixing member 155 is made of a material other than a nonmagnetic conductor, the second fixing member 155 itself can be regarded as an eddy current avoidance region. In this case, low-loss inter-antenna power transmission can be realized without adding a new member to the fixing member 155 or processing the surface of the second fixing member 155.
- the second fixing member 155 is made of the same stainless steel, it is necessary to process the surface of the second fixing member 155 when using a nonmagnetic stainless steel such as an austenitic steel grade.
- a stainless steel of a ferromagnetic material such as a ferritic steel type, it is possible to realize low-loss power transmission between antennas without processing the surface of the second fixing member 155.
- the region in which the eddy current avoidance space 159 is disposed preferably includes at least a region facing the entire region of the power receiving antenna 109.
- the facing distance between the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 is short, it is more preferable to include a region facing the power transmitting antenna 107.
- the power receiving antenna 109 is set to have a larger area than the power transmitting antenna 107, or the relative displacement between the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 is used. It is preferable. Therefore, the eddy current avoidance space 159 is preferably set to have a larger area than the power transmission antenna 107, unlike the conventional conditions for electromagnetic induction.
- the second fixing member 155 may be provided adjacent to the first fixing member 153, but as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the second fixing member 155 is provided.
- the area of the member 155 may be set to a sufficient area for fixing the power receiving antenna 109 directly below the power transmitting antenna 107.
- the input terminal of the cable 143 is preferably fixed at the connection point with the power receiving antenna 109, but the cable 143 does not necessarily have to be housed in the second fixing member 155 in its entire length.
- the protection member 117 is preferably waterproofed. If the oscillator is housed inside the protection device on the power transmission side including the power transmission antenna 107, it is possible to improve the long-term reliability of a member such as a connector terminal or an RF cable connecting the oscillator 103 and the power transmission antenna 107. I can do it.
- the mechanical connection of the protection device such as screwing
- the power generation module main body 101 It is possible to simplify the connection process between the power generation module body 101 and the power transmission side circuit only by connecting the connector between the DC output terminal (generally two positive and negative) and the DC input terminal to the oscillator 103. It is.
- the protective member 117 may be directly fixed to an external member such as a module or the second fixing member 155.
- an external member such as a module or the second fixing member 155.
- the protective member 117 and the external member may be detachably attached to the external member using magnetic force. Or you may make it attach the protection member 117 to an external member detachably by providing a suction cup in any one of the protection member 117 and an external member.
- the second fixing member 155 may also serve as the protection member 117.
- the above-described eddy current avoidance space 159 may be provided in the power receiving side protection member 117.
- the power generation module body 101 in this embodiment has a plurality of solar cells (cells) connected in series.
- the solar cell it is preferable to use a crystalline silicon solar power generation element from the viewpoint of improving the power generation efficiency.
- the solar cell that can be used in the present invention may be various types of photovoltaic power generation elements using compound semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide and CIS (copper, indium, selenium), or organic materials.
- Various solar power generation elements may be used.
- the CIS-based material may contain an element such as gallium and / or bell.
- the crystal structure of the semiconductor used may be any of single crystal, polycrystal, and amorphous.
- a tandem solar power generation element in which various semiconductor materials are stacked may be used.
- an amplifier capable of realizing a highly efficient and low distortion characteristic such as a class D, a class E, or a class F can be used, or a Doherty amplifier may be used.
- a sine wave may be generated with high efficiency by disposing a low-pass filter or a band-pass filter downstream of the switching element that generates an output signal including a distortion component.
- the direct current energy generated by the power generation module main body 101 is converted into RF energy by the oscillator 103 with high efficiency.
- the RF energy is transmitted in a non-contact manner through a space by the non-contact transmission unit 105 and is output from the output terminal 119.
- the resonance frequency fT of the power transmission antenna 107 and the resonance frequency fR of the power reception antenna 109 are set to be approximately equal to the frequency f0 of the RF energy generated by the oscillator 103, respectively.
- the output impedance Zout of the power receiving antenna 109 in this embodiment is set to a value higher than the input DC impedance Zidc of the oscillator 103.
- the output impedance of the RF energy output from the oscillator 103 in a state where the output terminal of the power receiving antenna 109 is connected to a load It is preferable to make the dance Zoc and the input impedance Zin of the power transmission antenna 107 equal. Similarly, it is preferable that the output impedance Zout of the power receiving antenna is equal to the resistance value R of the connected load in a state where the oscillator 103 is connected to the power transmitting antenna 107.
- equal of two impedances is not limited to the case where the impedances are exactly the same, and includes the case where the difference between the two impedances is 25% or less of the larger impedance. Define.
- the efficiency of contactless power transmission in the present embodiment depends on the distance between the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 (antenna spacing) and the magnitude of the loss of the circuit elements constituting the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109.
- the “antenna interval” is substantially the interval between the two inductors 107a and 109a.
- the antenna interval can be evaluated based on the size of the antenna arrangement area.
- the first inductor 107a and the second inductor 109a are both spread in a planar shape and are disposed so as to face each other in parallel.
- the size of the antenna arrangement area means the size of the antenna arrangement area having a relatively small size.
- the outer shape of the inductor constituting the antenna is a circle, the diameter of the inductor is used. In the case of a rectangle, the length is the short side of the inductor. According to this embodiment, even when the antenna interval is about 1.5 times the size of the antenna arrangement area, it is possible to transmit energy with a wireless transmission efficiency of 90% or more. It is also possible to increase the output impedance of the non-contact transmission unit 105 by 7832 times or more with respect to the input impedance.
- the first inductor 107a and the second inductor 109a in the present embodiment have a spiral structure with the number of turns N1 and N2, respectively (N1> 1, N2> 1), but have a loop structure with the number of turns 1. May be.
- These inductors 107a and 109a do not need to be composed of a single conductor pattern, and may have a structure in which a plurality of laminated conductor patterns are connected in series.
- the first inductor 107a and the second inductor 109a can be suitably formed from a conductor such as copper or silver having good conductivity. Since the high frequency current of RF energy flows concentrically on the surface of the conductor, the surface of the conductor may be coated with a high conductivity material in order to increase power generation efficiency. If the inductors 107a and 109a are formed from a configuration having a cavity in the center of the cross section of the conductor, weight reduction can be realized. Furthermore, if the inductors 107a and 109a are formed using a parallel wiring structure such as a litz wire, the conductor loss per unit length can be reduced, so that the Q value of the series resonant circuit and the parallel resonant circuit can be improved. This enables power transmission with higher efficiency.
- a conductor such as copper or silver having good conductivity. Since the high frequency current of RF energy flows concentrically on the surface of the conductor, the surface of the conductor may be coated with a high conductivity material in order to
- a magnetic material may be disposed around the first inductor 107a and / or the second inductor 109a, it is not preferable to set the coupling coefficient between the first inductor 107a and the second inductor 109a to an extremely high value. For this reason, it is more preferable to use an inductor having an air-core spiral structure in which the coupling coefficient between the inductors 107a and 109a can be set to an appropriate value.
- any type of capacitor having, for example, a chip shape or a lead shape can be used for the first and second capacitor elements 107b and 109b. It is also possible to cause the capacitance between the two wirings via air to function as the first and second capacitor elements 107b and 109b.
- the first and second capacitor elements 107b and 109b are formed of MIM capacitors, a low-loss capacitor circuit can be formed using a known semiconductor process or multilayer substrate process.
- the coupling coefficient k is derived from the following equation by measuring two resonance frequencies fL and fH that are separated when two resonators (antennas 107 and 109) that resonate at the same frequency f0 are brought close to each other.
- the frequency f0 of the oscillator 103 is preferably set in the vicinity of the resonance frequencies fL and fH. More specifically, when the Q values of the coupled resonator pair at the resonance frequencies fL and fH are QL and QH, respectively, it is preferable to set f0 so that the following Expression 3 is satisfied. (Formula 3) fL ⁇ fL / QL ⁇ f0 ⁇ fH + fH / QH
- the high-frequency current flowing through the first inductor 107a is IL1
- the high-frequency current IL2 flowing through the second inductor 109a the high-frequency current IC2 flowing through the second capacitor 109b
- the inductance L2 of the second inductor 109a the parasitic of the second inductor 109a
- the upward flow ratio Ir of the power generation system of the present embodiment is expressed by the following (Formula 12).
- Ir
- / Voc k / Voc ⁇ (L1 / L2) 0.5
- Vr (Voc / k) ⁇ (L2 / L1)
- Zr (Voc / k) 2 ⁇ (L2 / L1)
- Equation 13 shows that the step-up ratio Vr can be made larger than 1 if the condition of (L2 / L1)> (k / Voc) 2 is satisfied. It can also be seen that the step-up ratio Vr can be increased as the coupling coefficient k is decreased. In conventional energy transmission by electromagnetic induction, a decrease in the coupling coefficient k has led to a significant deterioration in transmission efficiency. However, in the resonant magnetic field coupling method of the present embodiment, even if the coupling coefficient k is reduced, the transmission efficiency is not significantly reduced.
- the Q value of the resonator constituting each of the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 is set to a high value, it is possible to realize highly efficient non-contact transmission while increasing the step-up ratio Vr.
- the Q value of the resonator constituting each of the transmitting antenna 107 and the receiving antenna 109 is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 200 or more. More preferably, it is set to 500 or more, more preferably 1000 or more. In order to achieve a high Q value, it is effective to use a litz wire as described above.
- the step-up ratio Vr is equal to 2 when the relationship of (L2 / L1) ⁇ 4 ⁇ (k / Voc) 2 is satisfied.
- a boost ratio Vr of 2 or more can be realized.
- non-contact transmission unit of the present embodiment it is possible to set the sizes of k, Voc, L2, and L1 so as to realize such a high boost ratio Vr.
- the non-contact power transmission device disclosed in Patent Document 3 energy is transmitted between two resonant magnetic field couplers, and the non-contact power transmission device adopts the same resonance method in the two resonators. Therefore, the boosting effect does not appear during transmission.
- the output voltage increase effect obtained by the contactless power transmission device of the present embodiment employs a series resonant magnetic field coupling structure on the power transmitting antenna side and a parallel resonant magnetic field coupling structure on the power receiving antenna side. This is a novel effect that occurs when energy is transferred between different resonant structures.
- the series resonant circuit and the parallel resonant circuit can also be used in a conventional wireless communication system represented by an RF tag.
- the termination impedance of the measurement terminal of the measuring instrument used for the high frequency block characteristic test of the wireless communication system and the high frequency cable characteristic impedance are basically set to 50 ⁇ . Therefore, at the connection point with the antenna of the wireless communication system, it is common to connect the circuit blocks in accordance with the impedance of 50 ⁇ in both the transmitting device and the receiving device.
- the input / output impedance conversion ratio Zr in the wireless transmission unit in the present embodiment is set so as to show an extremely high value such as exceeding 100 or exceeding 20000 depending on conditions in the examples described later. .
- Such a high input / output impedance conversion ratio Zr is not considered in the conventional communication system.
- the nonlinear boosting effect that is not proportional to the turns ratio of the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna is indispensable to establish an approximation that ignores the second term on the right side of (Equation 6), and the coupling of the resonance structure with a high Q value is essential.
- the above assumption does not hold at a low Q value of the inductor circuit on the printed circuit board in the communication device.
- the disclosure range of the conventional technique is limited to a technique for realizing an ideal transformer characteristic in which the step-up ratio linearly depends on the turns ratio.
- the boosting effect of the present application does not require an additional circuit configuration to the resonant circuit system and can exhibit a nonlinear effect on the winding ratio, and can be easily conceived from a known resonant electromagnetic induction technique. It is an effect that cannot be done.
- the coupling coefficient k is lowered by intentionally shifting the arrangement between the two resonators (antennas) or by intentionally making the sizes of the two resonators (antennas) asymmetric.
- the boost ratio Vr can be further increased by setting the inductance L2 to be larger than the inductance L1.
- L2 it is preferable to set the number of turns N2 of the second inductor 109a to a value larger than the number of turns N1 of the first inductor 107a.
- the area where the power receiving antenna 109 is formed is made larger than the area where the power transmitting antenna 105 is formed. May also be enlarged.
- the condition for setting the coupling coefficient k low in the present application brings about an advantageous effect of non-linear increase in the step-up ratio, it can also cause a reduction in transmission efficiency, so that the Q value of the power receiving antenna does not fall. It is preferable to set L2 high.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a basic block diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are given to the components corresponding to the components of the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the first point that the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment is different from the photovoltaic power generation system in the first embodiment is that rectification is performed between a parallel combination point 163 where output powers of a plurality of power receiving antennas 109 are combined in parallel and a load 133.
- the circuit 115 is inserted. Also with the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the photovoltaic power generation system in the first embodiment, and it is possible to obtain DC power as an output.
- 21 includes a plurality of power generation system elements 131a, 131b,... 131n connected in parallel.
- Each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n includes a power generation module body 101, an oscillator 103, a power transmission antenna 107, and a power reception antenna 109 connected in series.
- the direct current energy generated by the power generation module body 101 is converted into RF energy by the oscillator 103 with high efficiency. This RF energy is transferred in a non-contact manner between the power transmission antenna 107 on the power transmission side and the power reception antenna 109 on the power reception side.
- the RF energy (power) output from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is combined by parallel connection, converted to DC energy by the rectifier circuit 115, and then supplied to the load 133.
- the output voltage obtained from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is dramatically increased as compared with the output voltage of each module. Therefore, even if the power generation system elements 131a to 131n are connected in parallel, a value closer to the voltage value required by the load 133 can be realized.
- the oscillator 103 can be connected to a DC load or a DC load system (not shown) while the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 115 is connected to the DC load system (not shown). It is preferable that the output impedance Zoc of the output RF energy and the input impedance Zin of the power transmission antenna 107 are substantially equal. Similarly, in the state where the oscillator 103 is connected to the power transmission antenna 107, the output impedance Zrout of the rectifier circuit 115 is set to be approximately equal to the resistance value R of the DC load or DC load system (not shown) to be connected. Is preferred.
- the rectifier circuit 115 includes a circuit that performs rectification by various methods, and both-wave rectification and a bridge rectification circuit can be used.
- FIG. 22A is a circuit diagram of a half-wave voltage doubler rectifier circuit
- FIG. 22B is a circuit diagram of a double-wave voltage doubler rectifier circuit.
- there is a high voltage rectifier circuit system that can realize a boost ratio of 3 times or more. Any of these rectifier circuits can be applied to the present embodiment.
- a DC voltage boosted to twice the RF voltage input to the rectifier circuit 115 can be output.
- a rectifier circuit 115 in addition to the boosting effect in the non-contact transmission unit 105, a further boosting effect can be realized.
- the rectifier circuit is not limited to a circuit having a passive element such as a diode as described above.
- a circuit such as a synchronous rectifier circuit that performs rectification by controlling ON / OFF of the gate of the FET using an external clock may be employed.
- the boost ratio Vr and the impedance conversion ratio Zr derived for the first embodiment are rewritten into the following (Expression 15) and (Expression 16) using the boost ratio Vrr in the rectifier circuit 115, respectively.
- Vr (Voc ⁇ Vrr / k) ⁇ (L2 / L1)
- Zr (Voc ⁇ Vrr / k) 2 ⁇ (L2 / L1)
- the step-up ratio can be made larger than 1 when the relationship of (L2 / L1)> (k / (Voc ⁇ Vrr)) 2 is satisfied. Become.
- a DC power supply system can be realized.
- the input terminal of the rectifier circuit 115 is preferably connected to the output terminal 147 of the multi-input cable 143 in the first embodiment.
- the rectifier circuit 115 may be stored in the protection member 117 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a basic block diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment. 23 and 24, the same reference numerals are assigned to the components corresponding to the components of the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment and the photovoltaic power generation system of the first embodiment is that a rectifier circuit 115 is connected in series to the output portion of the power receiving antenna 109. Further, the difference from the photovoltaic power generation system in the second embodiment is that the rectifier circuit 115 is inserted on the output side of the power receiving antenna with respect to the parallel combination connection point 163.
- Each power generation system element 131a to 131n includes a power generation module body 101, an oscillator 103, a power transmission antenna 107, a power reception antenna 109, and a rectifier circuit 115 connected in series.
- the direct current energy generated by the power generation module body 101 is converted into RF energy by the oscillator 103 with high efficiency.
- This RF energy is transferred in a non-contact manner between the power transmitting antenna 107 on the power transmission side and the power receiving antenna 109 on the power receiving side, and then converted into DC energy by the rectifier circuit 115.
- the DC energy (power) output from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is combined by parallel connection and then supplied to the load 133.
- the output voltage obtained from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is dramatically increased as compared with the output voltage of each module. Therefore, even if the power generation system elements 131a to 131n are connected in parallel, a value closer to the voltage value required by the load 133 can be realized.
- the same effect as that of the photovoltaic power generation system in the second embodiment can be obtained by the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment. Further, unlike the second embodiment, since the power handled by the rectifier circuit 115 can be reduced, a system can be configured using an inexpensive semiconductor with low power durability.
- the oscillator 103 can be connected to a DC load or a DC load system (not shown) while the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 115 is connected to the DC load system (not shown). It is preferable that the output impedance Zoc of the output RF energy and the input impedance Zin of the power transmission antenna 107 are substantially equal. Similarly, in the state where the oscillator 103 is connected to the power transmission antenna 107, the output impedance Zrout of the rectifier circuit 115 is set substantially equal to the resistance value R of the DC load or DC power feeding system (not shown) to be connected. Is preferred.
- the step-up ratio can be made larger than 1 when the relationship of (L2 / L1)> (k / (Voc ⁇ Vrr)) 2 is satisfied. Become.
- a DC power supply system can be realized.
- the rectifier circuit 115 is fixed to the fixing member 141 and integrated.
- the rectifier circuit 115 may be stored in the protection member 117 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a basic block diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment.
- constituent elements corresponding to the constituent elements of the first to third embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the first difference between the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment and the photovoltaic power generation systems in the first and second embodiments is that a parallel combining point 163 where the output powers of the plurality of power receiving antennas 109 are combined in parallel and a load.
- the frequency converter circuit (RF / AC converter circuit) 161 is inserted between the terminals 133. Also with the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the photovoltaic power generation system in the first embodiment, and it is possible to obtain AC power as a system output.
- the solar power generation system of FIG. 25 includes a plurality of power generation system elements 131a, 131b,... 131n connected in parallel.
- Each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n includes a power generation module body 101, an oscillator 103, a power transmission antenna 107, and a power reception antenna 109 connected in series.
- the direct current energy generated by the power generation module body 101 is converted into RF energy by the oscillator 103 with high efficiency.
- This RF energy is transferred in a non-contact manner between the power transmission antenna 107 on the power transmission side and the power reception antenna 109 on the power reception side.
- the RF energy (power) output from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is synthesized by parallel connection, converted to AC energy by the frequency conversion circuit 161, and then supplied to the load 133.
- the load 133 may be an electronic device that operates with an AC input or a power system.
- the output voltage obtained from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is dramatically increased as compared with the output voltage of each module. Therefore, even if the power generation system elements 131a to 131n are connected in parallel, a value closer to the voltage value required by the load 133 can be realized.
- the RF energy output from the oscillator 103 is output while the output terminal of the frequency converter 161 is connected to an AC load. It is preferable that the output impedance Zoc and the input impedance Zin of the power transmission antenna 107 are substantially equal. Similarly, it is preferable that the output impedance Zrout of the frequency converter 161 is set substantially equal to the connected AC load in a state where the oscillator 103 is connected to the power transmission antenna 107.
- the frequency conversion unit 161 is a circuit that converts the RF energy output from the wireless transmission unit 105 into, for example, an AC frequency fp and a voltage (V0 ⁇ Vf) of the system.
- the AC frequency fp is much lower than the frequency of RF energy (for example, 3 MHz), and is, for example, 50 or 60 Hz.
- the voltage V0 is a center value of the system voltage
- Vf is an allowable deviation width from V0. “V0 ⁇ Vf” indicates a range from “V0 ⁇ Vf” to “V0 + Vf”.
- the double-wave rectification or bridge rectification circuit as shown in the second embodiment can be used as a pre-stage circuit. If the voltage doubler rectifier circuit illustrated in FIG. 22 is used, a DC voltage boosted to twice the RF voltage input to the rectifier circuit 115 can be output. When such a rectifier circuit 115 is used, in addition to the boosting effect in the non-contact transmission unit 105, a further boosting effect can be realized.
- the rectifier circuit is not limited to a circuit having a passive element such as a diode as described above, and employs a circuit that rectifies by controlling the gate of the FET on / off with an external clock, such as a synchronous rectifier circuit. Good.
- an inverter can be used as a circuit that converts DC energy into AC energy having a frequency fp in the subsequent stage of the rectifier circuit.
- FIG. 26A is a circuit diagram of a single-phase output inverter
- FIG. 26B is a circuit diagram of a three-phase output inverter.
- FIG. 26C is a circuit diagram of the V-contact inverter.
- the DC energy rectified in the first stage of the frequency conversion unit 161 is converted in accordance with the frequency fp of the “system”, the voltage V0 ⁇ Vf, and the number of phases, and output. It becomes possible to do. Further, after the DC-AC conversion is performed in the subsequent stage, the AC filter may be passed. By using such a filter, it is possible to remove unnecessary harmonic components that have restrictions on the power flow to the system. Furthermore, the boost chopper circuit illustrated in FIG. 27 may be provided in the previous stage of the inverter circuit, so that the voltage of DC energy is increased in advance and then converted into AC energy by the inverter circuit.
- the above example of the frequency conversion unit 161 includes a rectifier circuit that converts RF to direct current and an inverter that converts direct current to alternating current.
- the configuration of the frequency conversion unit 161 that can be used in the present embodiment is as follows. It is not limited to such a configuration. Even if an indirect matrix converter (indirect matrix converter) illustrated in FIG. 28 is used, the same conversion as described above can be performed. Details of the configuration of the matrix converter are disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, for example. The entire disclosure of Non-Patent Document 1 is incorporated in this application (incorporated by reference).
- the frequency conversion unit 161 may be a circuit that directly converts RF energy to AC energy. If the direct matrix converter illustrated in FIG. 29 is used, the RF energy output from the wireless transmission unit can be directly converted into the system frequency fp, the voltage V0 ⁇ Vf, and the number of phases. Further, by providing an RF filter in the previous stage of the matrix converter, unnecessary band energy components and the like unnecessary for conversion to the AC frequency fp may be removed.
- the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment power sale to the grid system can be realized.
- the input terminal of the frequency conversion circuit 161 is preferably connected to the output terminal 147 of the multi-input cable 143 in the first embodiment.
- the load 133 is, for example, a general electric device that operates with an AC input.
- the power generation module main body 101 may be connected in series in a part of the photovoltaic power generation system in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a basic block diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment.
- the solar power generation system of the present embodiment is different from the solar power generation system of the first embodiment in that a frequency conversion circuit 161 is connected in series to the output portion of the power receiving antenna 109. Further, the difference from the photovoltaic power generation system in the third embodiment is that the circuit inserted on the power receiving antenna output side from the parallel combination connection point 163 is changed to the frequency conversion circuit 161 instead of the rectification circuit 115. . Further, the difference from the photovoltaic power generation system according to the fourth embodiment is that the frequency conversion circuit 161 is inserted into the power receiving antenna output side with respect to the parallel combination connection point 163.
- Each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n includes a power generation module body 101, an oscillator 103, a power transmission antenna 107, a power reception antenna 109, and a frequency conversion circuit 161 connected in series.
- the direct current energy generated by the power generation module body 101 is converted into RF energy by the oscillator 103 with high efficiency.
- This RF energy is transferred in a non-contact manner between the power transmission antenna 107 on the power transmission side and the power reception antenna 109 on the power reception side, and then converted into AC energy by the frequency conversion circuit 161.
- the AC energy (power) output from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is combined by parallel connection and then supplied to the load or system 165.
- the output voltage obtained from each of the power generation system elements 131a to 131n is dramatically increased as compared with the output voltage of each module. Therefore, even if the power generation system elements 131a to 131n are connected in parallel, a value closer to the voltage value required by the load or the system 165 can be realized.
- the output terminal of the frequency conversion circuit 161 is output from the oscillator 103 in a state where it is connected to an AC load or a system system. It is preferable that the output impedance Zoc of the RF energy and the input impedance Zin of the power transmission antenna 107 are substantially equal. Similarly, in a state where the oscillator 103 is connected to the power transmission antenna 107, it is preferable that the output impedance Zrout of the frequency conversion circuit 161 is set substantially equal to the resistance value R of the connected AC load or system system.
- the step-up ratio can be made larger than 1 when the relationship of (L2 / L1)> (k / (Voc ⁇ Vtr)) 2 is satisfied. Become.
- the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment power sale to the grid system can be realized.
- the frequency conversion circuit 161 is fixed to the fixing member 141 and integrated. Further, the frequency conversion circuit 161 may be stored in the protection member 117 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a flowchart of the laying method of the solar power generation system according to the first to fifth embodiments.
- the above four steps are (A) module side preparation step, (B) fixing member side preparation step, (C) fixing member installation step, and (D) module installation step.
- most of the preparatory steps (A) and (B), preferably all, are performed before the installation work, so that the work process at the module installation site including the high place can be performed more. It becomes possible to simplify.
- Module preparation process includes (1) wiring connection process between module output terminal and oscillator input terminal, (2) wiring connection process between oscillator output terminal and power transmission antenna input terminal, and (3) module of oscillator and power transmission antenna. 3 steps of fixing to (A) The work order of the three steps in the step can be changed.
- the fixing member preparation step includes (4) a cable fixing step to the second fixing member, (5) a wiring connection step between the output terminal of the power receiving antenna and the cable input terminal, and (6) a second of the power receiving antenna. 3 steps of fixing to a fixing member are included. (B) The work order of the three steps in the step can also be changed.
- the subsequent steps (C) and (D) are work steps at the module installation site.
- the fixing member installation step (7) the second fixing member is fixed to the installation surface.
- the module installation step (8) by performing the step of fixing the module to the first fixing member, at the same time, a highly efficient power transmission path while mechanically non-contacting between the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna Connect.
- FIG. 33 shows a flowchart of a conventional example of a laying method.
- an operation process that is extremely difficult to be performed at a high place that is, a wiring connection process between modules
- a wiring connection process between modules is finally added.
- the number of processes actually requires, for example, the same number of wiring connection processes as the number of modules connected in series.
- the member elements on the fixing member side are only the fixing member, the cable, and the power receiving antenna in accordance with the example of the photovoltaic power generation system of the first embodiment.
- a wiring connection process with an additional element may be added to the (B) fixing member preparation process.
- FIG. 34 shows an example of a solar power generation module that can be used in the solar power generation system according to the first to fifth embodiments, which is laid by the laying method according to the sixth embodiment.
- the photovoltaic power generation module of the present embodiment includes a power generation module main body 101 having a power generation element that generates DC energy, and a power transmission unit 200 attached to the power generation module main body 101.
- the power transmission unit 200 includes an oscillator 103 that converts DC energy into RF energy having a frequency f0, and a power transmission antenna 107 that receives the RF energy from the oscillator 103 and transmits the energy as a resonant magnetic field to space.
- the power transmission antenna 107 is a series resonant circuit in which a first inductor and a first capacitive element are connected in series.
- the resonance frequencies to be satisfied by the power transmission antenna 107 and the power reception antenna 109 in the solar power generation systems of Embodiments 1 to 5 are widely shared. It is possible.
- the coupling coefficient k between the power transmitting antenna 107 and the power receiving antenna 109 may be lower than the coupling coefficient k assumed in the system assumed in advance. In such a case, if the resonance frequency of the power transmission antenna 107 is set equal to the resonance frequency of the power reception antenna 109, the resonance magnetic field energy generated in the power transmission antenna 107 is set to a step-up ratio higher than the assumed system. Accordingly, non-contact transmission is possible.
- the power generation module 101 and the power transmission unit 200 are integrated in advance, it is easy to set the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas within a small variation range by simply fixing the power generation module during the laying operation.
- the laying cost is reduced by non-contact transmission, the low voltage characteristic of the module voltage is improved by boost transmission, and the output energy is maintained against partial shading and partial failure. It is possible to solve the problems of the conventional solar power generation system.
- FIG. 35 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a module fixing device laid by the laying method of the sixth embodiment.
- This module fixing device includes a fixing member 141 and a cable 143, and the power receiving antenna 109 is already fixed. A rectifier and a frequency converter can be connected to the subsequent stage of the power receiving antenna 109.
- the fixing member 141 may be integrated with another fixing member that mechanically fixes the module.
- the module fixing device includes a first fixing member that fixes the plurality of power generation modules to the fixed object, and a second fixing member that fixes the plurality of power receiving antennas to the fixed object.
- the shape of the fixing member 141 does not have to be a long shape extending in one direction, and the fixing member 141 having the form shown in FIG. 35 may be combined to form a lattice structure.
- the module fixing device having such a configuration, for example, by simply attaching the photovoltaic power generation module of Embodiment 7 to the module fixing device, the arrangement relationship between the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna and the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas can be changed between the plurality of modules. It becomes possible to make it substantially constant. This contributes to facilitating laying work and reducing its cost. Moreover, even if the solar power generation module is replaced in units of modules, it is easy to correctly maintain the arrangement relationship between the power transmission antenna and the power reception antenna and the transmission / reception antenna distance before and after the replacement. As a result, characteristic variations between modules can be reduced.
- the installation cost can be reduced by non-contact transmission by introducing the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment. Further, the low voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic power generation module can be improved by boost transmission, and output energy can be maintained against partial shading and partial failure.
- the power transmission antenna and power reception antenna were designed so that the resonance frequency was 1 MHz, which is equal to the output frequency of the oscillator.
- the power transmission antenna was manufactured by connecting a first inductor having an inductance of 6.0 ⁇ H and a first capacitor element having a capacitance of 2500 pF in series.
- the power receiving antenna was manufactured by connecting a second inductor having an inductance of 6.0 ⁇ H and a second capacitor element having a capacitance of 2500 pF in parallel.
- Both the first and second inductors were realized by litz wires configured by arranging 120 parallel copper wires having a diameter of 75 ⁇ m and arranging them in parallel.
- the outer shape of the two inductors was a square with a side of 20 cm, and the number of turns was set to 14.
- the periphery of the inductor circuit was molded with ABS resin having a dielectric constant of 3 so that the power transmission antenna was a rectangular parallelepiped having a final outer shape of 30 cm ⁇ 30 cm ⁇ 3 cm in thickness.
- the power transmission antenna was mechanically fixed to the back of the module together with the oscillator.
- the fixing position was set so as to contact the aluminum member on the module end face.
- the mold resin width was set to 5 cm so that the mold resin arranged around the inductor circuit could avoid extreme proximity to the module end face composed of the non-magnetic conductor.
- the unloaded Q value of the power transmission antenna (resonator) in this state was 1680.
- the module input process was completed by connecting the RF input terminal of the power transmission antenna to the output terminal of the oscillator. In this embodiment, three modules are prepared.
- the periphery of the inductor circuit was molded with ABS resin having a dielectric constant of 3 so that the power receiving antenna also has a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a final outer shape of 32 cm ⁇ 32 cm ⁇ 4 cm in thickness.
- the power receiving antenna was mechanically fixed to a second fixing member made of stainless steel having a length of 2 m and a thickness of 1 cm.
- a through hole was formed in the second fixing member in a region where the power receiving antenna is fixed.
- the through hole has a square shape with a side of 30 cm. Due to the presence of the mold resin around the inductor, the power receiving antenna is fixed to the second fixing member without dropping the through hole.
- the projection projection onto the fixing member of the inductor portion in the power receiving antenna was positioned at the center of the through hole region. With this configuration, the proximity of the nonmagnetic conductor to the power receiving antenna can be avoided.
- An RF cable is also fixed to the second fixing member, and the input terminal of the RF cable is connected to the output terminal of the power receiving antenna.
- Three power receiving antennas were arranged every 100 cm along the second fixing member.
- the RF cable has a 3-input 1-output configuration so that all three output terminals can be combined and output in parallel within the RF cable.
- the unloaded Q value of the power receiving antenna (resonator) measured in this state was 1620.
- the second fixing member was fixed relative to the module installation surface by being fixed to a stainless steel member prepared for module fixing as the first fixing member.
- the second fixing member was adjusted so that the height of the power receiving antenna measured from the module installation surface was 10 cm, and the fixing member installation step was completed. Finally, the entire system introduction process was completed by fixing the module to the first fixing member.
- the relative distance between the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna can be varied by providing the first fixing member with a height operation function.
- the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna are arranged so that their formation surfaces face each other in parallel, and the distance between the opposing surfaces is g (cm). While changing the gap g in the range from 5 cm to 75 cm, optimum input / output impedances Zin and Zout that maximize the wireless transmission efficiency between the resonators for each g value were derived. The derivation was performed by the following two-step procedure.
- the high-frequency characteristics between the input and output terminals of the two antennas (resonators) were measured with a network analyzer with a terminal impedance of 50 ⁇ (at the time of measurement, the input terminal of the power transmission antenna was not connected to the oscillator and used as a measurement terminal) Measurement data with 50 ⁇ as a reference impedance was obtained.
- impedance conditions Zin and Zout of the input / output terminals that minimize signal reflection at the terminals were derived on a circuit simulator.
- FIG. 36 is a graph showing g dependence of derived Zin and Zout.
- Vr 10.1
- Vr 10.1
- Vr 10.1
- Vr 10.1
- the step-up ratio with respect to the input DC voltage was 11.7. It is considered that a part of the input electric power is changed to heat due to a loss due to a slight mismatch between circuit blocks.
- the RF output with respect to the generated power 215 W from the module was 209 W, and the total power efficiency was 97.1%.
- the effective voltage value of RF output power was 211V with respect to the generated voltage value 18V from the module, and the step-up ratio was 11.7.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 As in the case of Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were fabricated in which the wireless transmission unit was realized by a resonator having a resonance frequency of 1 MHz for both transmission and reception. The only difference between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is that the resonance methods of the two antennas (resonators) in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are equal to each other. That is, in Comparative Example 1, the two antennas were each composed of an LC series resonator, and in Comparative Example 2, the two antennas were each composed of an LC parallel resonator. The circuit constant of each resonator was matched with the circuit constant in Example 1. Furthermore, Comparative Example 3 was also fabricated in which the two antennas were configured not to resonate.
- Example 2 In Example 1, the number of turns N1 of the first inductor in the power transmission antenna and the number of turns N2 of the second inductor in the power receiving antenna were set to be equal to each other. That is, in Example 2, the number of turns N2 was increased from 14 to 28.
- the antenna outer size is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- Example 3 In Example 1, although the size of the power transmission antenna and the size of the power reception antenna were the same, as Example 3, a power generation system in which the size of the power reception antenna was larger than the size of the power transmission antenna was manufactured. That is, in Example 3, one side of the square that defines the outer shape of the power receiving antenna was set to 40 cm. The mold resin width around the second inductor was 7 cm as in Example 1, and one side of the through hole provided in the second fixing member was 50 cm. In Example 3, the line segment connecting the center of gravity of the power transmission antenna and the center of gravity of the power reception antenna is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the arrangement plane of both antennas.
- Example 1 can achieve a very high step-up ratio Vr while realizing non-contact high-efficiency power transmission. Further, according to Examples 2 to 3, a good Vr exceeding Example 1 was obtained.
- Example 4 a photovoltaic power generation system that performs parallel synthesis after connecting a voltage doubler rectifier circuit to the output of the power receiving antenna having the configuration of Example 1 was manufactured.
- the direct-current conversion efficiency of the manufactured half-wave voltage doubler rectifier circuit was 97.4% with respect to the input having a frequency of 1 MHz.
- a step-up function with a step-up ratio Vrr 2 in which the output DC voltage is twice the input RF voltage is obtained, and the output of the power generation system is output with respect to the output energy of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
- the DC energy was 94.7% intensity.
- the overall boost ratio was 21.2.
- Example 5 As Example 5, a power generation system in which a bridge rectifier circuit was connected to the power receiving antenna output having the configuration of Example 1 was produced.
- the DC conversion efficiency of the manufactured bridge rectifier circuit was 97.3% at a resonance frequency of 1 MHz.
- the output DC energy of this power generation system was 94.5% of the intensity of the output energy of the photovoltaic power generation unit.
- Example 6 comparative example 4
- Three solar power generation systems of Example 4 were further connected in parallel, and the power collected from a total of nine modules (corresponding to a total of 324 cells) was synthesized to obtain Example 6.
- the photovoltaic power generation system of Comparative Example 4 in which all the cells are connected in series without using the non-contact power transmission portion of the module used in the photovoltaic power generation system of Example 5 was manufactured.
- Table 2 shows the characteristics of Example 6 and Comparative Example 4.
- Example 6 compared with Comparative Example 4, the output voltage was 2.38 times higher despite using 9 parallel connections internally. According to the sixth embodiment, it is possible to realize a power generation system that provides an optimal voltage value for a DC power supply system at 380V. Further, when the surface of one cell among the constituting cells was blocked with an obstacle, the power generation output decreased by 78% despite the fact that the power generation amount was maximized by the MPPT control in Comparative Example 4, but the example The power generation output in No. 6 remained at a decrease of 8.3%, and the generated voltage could be maintained.
- Example 7 As Example 7, a solar power generation system of a system different from Examples 1 to 6 was produced.
- the resonance frequency and transmission frequency of the power transmission antenna were set to 100 kHz.
- the inductor shape of the transmission / reception antenna was a rectangle of 15 cm ⁇ 30 cm (thickness is the same as in Example 1).
- the number of parallel windings of the litz wire used for forming the inductor circuit was 600.
- the number of windings of the first inductor was 10 and the number of windings of the second inductor was 20.
- the facing distance g between the power transmitting antenna and the power receiving antenna was 1 cm.
- the relative position of the transmitting and receiving antennas is shifted so as to reduce the overlapping portion of the projection projections of the transmitting and receiving antennas.
- the wireless characteristics of only the non-contact transmission part were grasped while sliding the power transmission antenna along the long side of the inductor shape.
- a value obtained by normalizing the slide length with the inductor long side value (30 cm) is used as the relative slide amount.
- a relative slide amount of 1 indicates a state where there is no overlap between the inductors of the transmitting and receiving antennas
- a relative slide amount of 0 indicates a state where the inductors of the transmitting and receiving antennas are completely overlapped.
- the horizontal axis indicates the relative slide amount
- the left axis indicates Vr
- the right axis indicates transmission efficiency. From FIG. 38, it was found that both a high step-up ratio and high transmission efficiency can be achieved within a wide relative slide amount condition range. For example, it can be seen that a high step-up ratio of 9.9 and a high transmission efficiency of 99.2% are compatible under the condition that the relative slide amount is 0.563. Under these conditions, Zin was 5.1 ⁇ and Zout was 500 ⁇ . For connection characteristics with the following modules, the non-contact transmission part under the above relative slide amount condition was used.
- the output DC energy of the power generation system relative to the output energy of the photovoltaic power generation unit is The strength was 95.1%.
- the overall boost ratio was 20.8. From Example 7, the step-up transmission characteristics in the embodiment of the present invention can be obtained not only by separating the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas but also by shifting the relative position, and the same effect can be obtained even if the frequency is reduced. Proved to be
- the present invention can be used in a power generation system such as a solar power generation system or a fuel cell system with low generated power.
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Abstract
Description
(L2/L1)≧4(k/Voc)2を満足する。
(式1) |fT-fR|≦fT/QT+fR/QR
ここで、QTは送電アンテナの共振器としてのQ値、QRは受電アンテナの共振器としてのQ値である。一般に、共振周波数をX、共振器のQ値をQxとした場合、この共振器の共振が生じる帯域はX/Qxに相当する。|fT-fR|≦fT/QT+fR/QRの関係が成立すれば、2つの共振器間で共振磁界結合によるエネルギ伝送が実現する。
図3は、モジュール10の裏面側から透視した固定部材141の模式図である。ケーブル143の出力端子147の対数(対の数)Ncoutが入力端子145の対数Ncinより小さい値となるよう、固定部材141内で少なくとも1回以上は出力電力を並列的に合成するケーブル構成を採用することが好ましい。図3に示されている例では、Ncin=4、Ncout=1が成立している。すなわち、4個のモジュール10から得た電力を1つに並列合成する。NcinおよびNcoutは、図3に例示されている個数に限定されないことは言うまでもない。
次に、図6を参照する。図6は、本発明のある実施形態における非接触伝送部の等価回路を示す図である。図6に示すように、本実施形態における送電アンテナ107は、第1インダクタ107aおよび第1容量素子107bが直列に接続された直列共振回路であり、受電アンテナ109は、第2インダクタ109aおよび第2容量素子109bが並列に接続された並列共振回路である。なお、送電アンテナ107の直列共振回路は寄生抵抗成分R1を有し、受電アンテナ109の並列共振回路は寄生抵抗成分R2を有している。
(L2/L1)≧4(k/Voc)2
上記の関係を満足するとき、入力される直流エネルギの電圧を非接触電力伝送に際して2倍以上に高めること(昇圧比:2以上)が可能になる。このような昇圧が実現する理由については、後に詳しく説明する。
(L2/L1)≧4(k/(Voc×Vrr))2
この点についても、詳細な説明は後述する。
(L2/L1)≧4(k/(Voc×Vtr))2
この点についても、詳細な説明は後述する。
まず、図9および図10を参照しながら、本発明による発電システムの第1の実施形態を説明する。図9は図1に示した発電システムの一部である非接触伝送部付近の拡大模式図であり、図10は、図9に示す非接触伝送部105の等価回路図である。図9、図10において、図1、図6に示した構成要素に対応する構成要素には同じ参照符号を付している。
図12に、本実施形態の発電システムの上面からの透視模式図を示す。後述するように、本願の昇圧効果を得るには、アンテナ間の結合係数kの低減が必要である。kの低減には、以下に示す3つの方法が有効である。
第1の固定部材153は、強風に晒されてもモジュール10が落下しないよう、機械的強度が長期に渡って維持できるステンレスなどの材質で構成することが好ましい。一方で第2の固定部材155には、モジュールや配線接続部からのストレスが直接加わるわけではなく、機械的強度に関する材質選定範囲は緩和されうる。よって、例えば、第2の固定部材155を樹脂で構成することも可能である。
(式2) k=(fH2-fL2)/(fH2+fL2)
(式3)fL-fL/QL≦f0≦fH+fH/QH
(式4) M=k×(L1×L2)0.5
(式5) I2=-IL2-IC2
(式6) (R2+jωL2)×IL2+jωM×IL1=IC2/(jωC2)
(式7) ωL2=1/(ωC2)
(式8) R2×IL2+jωM×IL1=jωL2×I2
(式9) I2=k×(L1/L2)0.5×IL1-j(R2/ωL2)×IL2
(式10) Q2=ωL2/R2
(式11) I2=k×(L1/L2)0.5×IL1
(式12) Ir=|I2/I1|/Voc=k/Voc×(L1/L2)0.5
(式13) Vr=(Voc/k)×(L2/L1)0.5
(式14) Zr=(Voc/k)2×(L2/L1)
次に、図21を参照しながら、本発明による太陽光発電システムの第2の実施形態を説明する。図21は、本実施形態の太陽光発電システムの基本ブロック図を示す図である。図21において、第1の実施形態の構成要素に対応する構成要素には同一の参照符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略することとする。
(式15) Vr=(Voc×Vrr/k)×(L2/L1)0.5
(式16) Zr=(Voc×Vrr/k)2×(L2/L1)
次に、図23、図24を参照しながら、本発明による太陽光発電システムの第3の実施形態を説明する。図23は、本実施形態の太陽光発電システムの基本ブロック図を示す図であり、図24は、本実施形態の太陽光発電システムの模式図である。図23、図24において、第1の実施形態の構成要素に対応する構成要素には同一の参照符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略することとする。
次に、図25を参照しながら、本発明による太陽光発電システムの第4の実施形態を説明する。図25は、本実施形態の太陽光発電システムの基本ブロック図を示す図である。図25において、第1~第3の実施形態の構成要素に対応する構成要素には同一の参照符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略することとする。
(式17)((V0-Vf)/Vc)2×(k/(Voc×Vrr))2≦(L2/L1)≦((V0+Vf)/Vc)2×(k/(Voc×Vrr))2
を満足することが好ましい。
次に、図30を参照しながら、本発明による太陽光発電システムの第5の実施形態を説明する。図30は、本実施形態の太陽光発電システムの基本ブロック図を示す図であり、図31は、本実施形態の太陽光発電システムの模式図である。図30、31において、第1~第4の実施形態の構成要素に対応する構成要素には同一の参照符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略することとする。
(式18)(V1/Vc)2×(k/(Voc×Vrr))2≦(L2/L1)≦(V2/Vc)2×(k/(Voc×Vrr))2
を満足することが好ましい。
次に、図32を参照しながら、本発明による太陽光発電システムの敷設方法の第6の実施形態を説明する。図32は、本実施形態1~5の太陽光発電システムの敷設方法のフローチャートである。
次に、図34を参照しながら、本発明による太陽光発電モジュールの第7の実施形態を説明する。図34は、本実施形態6の敷設方法によって敷設される、本実施形態1~5の太陽光発電システムにおいて利用可能な太陽光発電モジュールの一例を示している。
次に、図35を参照しながら、本発明による太陽光発電システムに好適に用いられ得るモジュール固定装置の構成例を説明する。図35は、実施形態6の敷設方法によって敷設される、モジュール固定装置の構成例を示す斜視図である。このモジュール固定装置は、固定部材141とケーブル143を含み、既に受電アンテナ109が固定されている。受電アンテナ109の後段には整流器や周波数変換部が接続され得る。固定部材141は、モジュールを機械的に固定する他の固定部材と一体化されてよい。この場合、モジュール固定装置は、複数の発電モジュールを被固定物に固定する第1の固定部材と、複数の受電アンテナを被固定物に固定する第2の固定部材とを備える。
以下、本発明の実施例1を説明する。
実施例1の場合と同様に、無線伝送部を送受共に共振周波数1MHzの共振器で実現した比較例1、2を作製した。実施例1と比較例1、2との間にある相違点は、比較例1、2における2つのアンテナ(共振器)の共振方式を相互に等しくした点のみにある。すなわち、比較例1では、2つのアンテナをそれぞれLC直列型共振器から構成し、比較例2では、2つのアンテナをそれぞれLC並列共振器から構成した。各共振器の回路定数は、実施例1における回路定数と一致させた。更に、2つのアンテナが共振しないように構成された比較例3も作製した。
実施例1では、送電アンテナにおける第1インダクタの巻数N1と受電アンテナにおける第2インダクタの巻数N2を等しく設定していたが、実施例2として巻数比が異なる発電システムを作製した。すなわち、実施例2では、巻数N2を14から28へ増やした。アンテナ外形サイズは実施例1と同様である。
実施例1では、送電アンテナのサイズと受電アンテナのサイズとは同一であったが、実施例3として、受電アンテナのサイズを送電アンテナのサイズよりも拡大した発電システムを作製した。すなわち、実施例3では、受電アンテナの外形を規定する正方形の一辺を40cmとした。第2インダクタ周辺のモールド樹脂幅を実施例1と同様に7cmとし、第2の固定部材に設けた貫通穴の一辺を50cmとした。実施例3では、送電アンテナの重心と受電アンテナの重心を結ぶ線分が両アンテナの配置面とそれぞれ直交するよう配置した。
次に、実施例4として、実施例1の構成の受電アンテナ出力に、それぞれ倍電圧整流回路を接続した後、並列合成を行う太陽光発電システムを作製した。作製した半波倍電圧整流回路の直流変換効率は、周波数1MHzの入力に対して、97.4%を示した。導入した整流回路では、入力RF電圧に対して出力直流電圧が2倍の値となる昇圧比Vrr=2の昇圧機能が得られ、太陽光発電部の出力エネルギに対して、本発電システムの出力直流エネルギは94.7%の強度であった。総合昇圧比は21.2であった。
実施例5として、実施例1の構成の受電アンテナ出力に、ブリッジ整流回路を接続した発電システムを作製した。作製したブリッジ整流回路の直流変換効率は、共振周波数1MHzにおいて、97.3%を示した。導入した整流回路では、太陽光発電部の出力エネルギに対して、本発電システムの出力直流エネルギは94.5%の強度であった。
実施例4の太陽光発電システムを3個更に並列に接続して、計9個のモジュール(計324個のセルに相当)から集電した電力を合成し、実施例6とした。同様に、実施例5の太陽光発電システムにおいて用いたモジュールを、非接触電力伝送部分を介さず、全てのセルを直列に接続する比較例4の太陽光発電システムを作製した。以下の表2には、実施例6と比較例4の特性を示した。
実施例7として、実施例1~6とは異なる系の太陽光発電システムを作製した。送電アンテナの共振周波数、伝送周波数は100kHzに設定した。送受アンテナのインダクタ形状を15cm×30cmの長方形(厚さは実施例1と同様)とした。インダクタ回路形成に用いたリッツ線の並列巻線数は、600本とした。送電アンテナにおいては、第1インダクタの巻線数を10とし、第2インダクタの巻線数を20とした。実施例7では、送電アンテナと受電アンテナ間の対向距離gを1cmとした。送受アンテナ間が極めて近接させた条件で低k特性を得るために、送受アンテナの投射射影の重なり部分を減らすように、送受アンテナの相対位置をずらして太陽光発電システムを構成した。具体的にはインダクタ形状の長辺側に沿って、送電アンテナをスライドさせながら非接触伝送部分のみの無線特性を把握した。ここで、相対スライド量として、スライド長さをインダクタ長辺値(30cm)で規格化した値を用いる。相対スライド量が1とは送受アンテナのインダクタ間の重なりがない状態を指し、相対スライド量が0なら送受アンテナのインダクタ完全に重なった状態を指す。
20 モジュール固定装置
21 第1の固定部材
22 第2の固定部材
23 他の固定部材
101 発電モジュール本体
103 発振器
105 無線伝送部
107 送電アンテナ(送電側の共振器)
107a 第1インダクタ
107b 第1キャパシタ
109 受電アンテナ(受電側の共振器)
109a 第2インダクタ
109b 第2キャパシタ
113 送電アンテナの配置面へ投影した受電アンテナの配置領域
115 整流回路
117 保護装置
119 出力端子
131a、131b・・・131n 発電システム要素
133 負荷
141 固定部材
155 第2の固定部材
143 多入力ケーブル
145 入力端子
147 出力端子
151 モジュール枠
153 第1の固定部材
157 設置面
159 渦電流回避空間
161 周波数変換回路
163 並列合成接続点
165 系統
Claims (35)
- 複数の発電モジュールと、
前記複数の発電モジュールを被固定物に固定するモジュール固定装置と、
を備える発電システムであって、
前記複数の発電モジュールの各々は、
直流エネルギを生成する発電素子を有する発電モジュール本体と、
前記発電モジュール本体に取り付けられた送電部であって、前記直流エネルギを周波数f0のRFエネルギに変換する発振器、および、前記発振器からRFエネルギの入力を受けて共振磁界として空間へ送出する送電アンテナを有する送電部と、
を備え、
前記モジュール固定装置は、
前記複数の発電モジュールを固定する第1の固定部材と、
各々が前記複数の発電モジュールの1つに対応し、対応する前記送電アンテナによって送出された前記RFエネルギの少なくとも一部を受け取る複数の受電アンテナと、
前記複数の受電アンテナを固定する第2の固定部材と、
を備え、
前記第1の固定部材および前記第2の固定部材は、各受電アンテナと、前記受電アンテナに対応する送電アンテナとが、少なくとも部分的に対向するように、前記複数の発電モジュールおよび前記複数の受電アンテナをそれぞれ固定し、
前記発電システムは、更に、
前記複数の受電アンテナの出力を並列的に合成する合成部を備え、
前記送電アンテナは、第1インダクタおよび第1容量素子が直列に接続された直列共振回路であり、
前記受電アンテナは、第2インダクタおよび第2容量素子が並列に接続された並列共振回路であり、
前記送電アンテナの共振周波数fTおよび前記受電アンテナの共振周波数fRは、いずれも、前記RFエネルギの周波数f0に等しく設定され、
前記発振器の昇圧比をVoc、第1インダクタのインダクタンスをL1、第2インダクタのインダクタンスをL2、前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナとの結合係数をkとするとき、
(L2/L1)≧4(k/Voc)2を満足する、発電システム。 - 前記受電アンテナの、前記送電アンテナと対向していない側に近接する領域における前記第2の固定部材の表面に、前記送電アンテナの占有面積より広い面積の渦電流回避空間が形成されている請求項1に記載の発電システム。
- 前記渦電流回避空間の占有面積は、前記受電アンテナの占有面積より広い請求項2に記載の発電システム。
- 前記渦電流回避空間の占有面積は、前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナの同一面への投射射影の占有面積より広い請求項2または3に記載の発電システム。
- 前記渦電流回避空間は、磁性体、磁性導体、空気、水、誘電体の少なくともいずれかを含む請求項2から4のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナとの間の空間は、空気および水の少なくとも一方を含む誘電体により充填される請求項1に記載の発電システム。
- 前記発電モジュールは、太陽光発電モジュールである請求項1に記載の発電システム。
- 前記太陽光発電モジュールは、結晶系シリコンを用いた太陽光発電モジュールである請求項7に記載の発電システム。
- 前記太陽光発電モジュールは、CIS系の材料を用いた太陽光発電モジュールである請求項7に記載の発電システム。
- 前記受電アンテナの出力端子と後段の負荷とが接続された状態において、前記発振器から出力されるRFエネルギの出力インピ-ダンスZocと送電アンテナの入力インピーダンスZinとが相互に等しい請求項2から9のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 前記発振器の出力端子と前記送電アンテナの入力端子とが接続された状態において、前記受電アンテナの出力インピーダンスZoutと後段に接続する負荷の入力インピーダンスとが相互に等しい請求項2から10のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- (L2/L1)≧100×(k/Voc)2を満足する請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- (L2/L1)≧10000×(k/Voc)2を満足する請求項12に記載の発電システム。
- 前記第1インダクタおよび前記第2インダクタは、いずれも空芯スパイラル構造を有している請求項1から13のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- L1<L2である請求項1から14のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 前記第2インダクタの巻数N2は前記第1インダクタの巻数N1よりも大きい請求項1から15のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 前記第2インダクタの面積は、前記第1インダクタの面積よりも広い請求項1から15のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 複数の発電モジュールと、
前記複数の発電モジュールを被固定物に固定するモジュール固定装置と
を備える発電システムであって、
前記複数の発電モジュールの各々は、
直流エネルギを生成する発電素子を有する発電モジュール本体と、
前記発電モジュール本体に取り付けられた送電部であって、前記直流エネルギを周波数f0のRFエネルギに変換する発振器、および、前記発振器からRFエネルギの入力を受けて共振磁界として空間へ送出する送電アンテナを有する送電部と、
を備え、
前記モジュール固定装置は、
前記複数の発電モジュールを固定する第1の固定部材と、
各々が前記複数の発電モジュールの1つに対応し、対応する前記送電アンテナによって送出された前記RFエネルギの少なくとも一部を受け取る複数の受電アンテナと、
前記複数の受電アンテナを固定する第2の固定部材と、
を備え、
前記第1の固定部材および前記第2の固定部材は、各受電アンテナと、前記受電アンテナに対応する送電アンテナとが、少なくとも部分的に対向するように、前記複数の発電モジュールおよび前記複数の受電アンテナをそれぞれ固定し、
前記発電システムは、更に、
前記複数の受電アンテナの出力を並列的に合成する合成部と、
前記合成部の出力を整流する整流器と、
を備え、
前記送電アンテナは、第1インダクタおよび第1容量素子が直列に接続された直列共振回路であり、
前記受電アンテナは、第2インダクタおよび第2容量素子が並列に接続された並列共振回路であり、
前記送電アンテナの共振周波数fTおよび前記受電アンテナの共振周波数fRは、いずれも、前記RFエネルギの周波数f0に等しく設定され、
前記発振器の昇圧比をVoc、前記整流器の昇圧比をVrr、第1インダクタのインダクタンスをL1、第2インダクタのインダクタンスをL2、前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナとの結合係数をkとするとき、
(L2/L1)≧4(k/(Voc×Vrr))2を満足する、発電システム。 - 前記発電部は、太陽光発電部である請求項17に記載の発電システム。
- 前記整流器の出力端子と後段の負荷とが接続された状態において、前記発振器から出力されるRFエネルギの出力インピ-ダンスZocと送電アンテナの入力インピーダンスZinとが相互に等しい請求項18または19に記載の発電システム。
- 前記発振器の出力端子と前記送電アンテナの入力端子とが接続された状態において、前記整流器の出力インピーダンスZroutと後段に接続する負荷の入力インピーダンスとが相互に等しい請求項17から19のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- (L2/L1)≧100×(k/(Voc×Vrr))2を満足する請求項18から21のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- (L2/L1)≧2304×(k/Voc)2を満足する請求項18から22のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- (L2/L1)≧10000×(k/Voc)2を満足する請求項23に記載の発電システム。
- 前記整流器は、昇圧比Vrrが2以上の倍電圧整流回路である請求項18から24のいずれかに記載の発電システム。
- 複数の発電モジュールと、
前記複数の発電モジュールを被固定物に固定するモジュール固定装置と
を備える発電システムであって、
前記複数の発電モジュールの各々は、
直流エネルギを生成する発電素子を有する発電モジュール本体と、
前記発電モジュール本体に取り付けられた送電部であって、前記直流エネルギを周波数f0のRFエネルギに変換する発振器、および、前記発振器からRFエネルギの入力を受けて共振磁界として空間へ送出する送電アンテナを有する送電部と、
を備え、
前記モジュール固定装置は、
前記複数の発電モジュールを固定する第1の固定部材と、
各々が前記複数の発電モジュールの1つに対応し、対応する前記送電アンテナによって送出された前記RFエネルギの少なくとも一部を受け取る複数の受電アンテナと、
前記複数の受電アンテナを固定する第2の固定部材と、
を備え、
前記第1の固定部材および前記第2の固定部材は、各受電アンテナと、前記受電アンテナに対応する送電アンテナとが、少なくとも部分的に対向するように、前記複数の発電モジュールおよび前記複数の受電アンテナをそれぞれ固定し、
前記発電システムは、更に、
前記複数の受電アンテナの出力をそれぞれ整流する複数の整流器と、
前記複数の整流器の出力を並列的に合成する合成部と、
を備え、
前記送電アンテナは、第1インダクタおよび第1容量素子が直列に接続された直列共振回路であり、
前記受電アンテナは、第2インダクタおよび第2容量素子が並列に接続された並列共振回路であり、
前記送電アンテナの共振周波数fTおよび前記受電アンテナの共振周波数fRは、いずれも、前記RFエネルギの周波数f0に等しく設定され、
前記発振器の昇圧比をVoc、前記整流器の昇圧比をVrr、第1インダクタのインダクタンスをL1、第2インダクタのインダクタンスをL2、前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナとの結合係数をkとするとき、
(L2/L1)≧4(k/(Voc×Vrr))2を満足する、発電システム。 - 複数の発電モジュールと、
前記複数の発電モジュールを被固定物に固定するモジュール固定装置と
を備える発電システムであって、
前記複数の発電モジュールの各々は、
直流エネルギを生成する発電素子を有する発電モジュール本体と、
前記発電モジュール本体に取り付けられた送電部であって、前記直流エネルギを周波数f0のRFエネルギに変換する発振器、および、前記発振器からRFエネルギの入力を受けて共振磁界として空間へ送出する送電アンテナを有する送電部と、
を備え、
前記モジュール固定装置は、
前記複数の発電モジュールを固定する第1の固定部材と、
各々が前記複数の発電モジュールの1つに対応し、対応する前記送電アンテナによって送出された前記RFエネルギの少なくとも一部を受け取る複数の受電アンテナと、
前記複数の受電アンテナを固定する第2の固定部材と、
を備え、
前記第1の固定部材および前記第2の固定部材は、各受電アンテナと、前記受電アンテナに対応する送電アンテナとが、少なくとも部分的に対向するように、前記複数の発電モジュールおよび前記複数の受電アンテナをそれぞれ固定し、
前記発電システムは、更に、
前記複数の受電アンテナの出力を並列的に合成する合成部と、
前記合成部の出力の周波数を変換する周波数変換回路と、
を備え、
前記送電アンテナは、第1インダクタおよび第1容量素子が直列に接続された直列共振回路であり、
前記受電アンテナは、第2インダクタおよび第2容量素子が並列に接続された並列共振回路であり、
前記送電アンテナの共振周波数fTおよび前記受電アンテナの共振周波数fRは、いずれも、前記RFエネルギの周波数f0に等しく設定され、
前記発振器の昇圧比をVoc、前記周波数変換回路の昇圧比をVtr、第1インダクタのインダクタンスをL1、第2インダクタのインダクタンスをL2、前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナとの結合係数をkとするとき、
(L2/L1)≧4(k/(Voc×Vtr))2を満足する、発電システム。 - 前記周波数変換回路は、RFエネルギと交流エネルギの一括変換を行う回路である請求項26に記載の発電システム。
- 複数の発電モジュールと、
前記複数の発電モジュールを被固定物に固定するモジュール固定装置と
を備える発電システムであって、
前記複数の発電モジュールの各々は、
直流エネルギを生成する発電素子を有する発電モジュール本体と、
前記発電モジュール本体に取り付けられた送電部であって、前記直流エネルギを周波数f0のRFエネルギに変換する発振器、および、前記発振器からRFエネルギの入力を受けて共振磁界として空間へ送出する送電アンテナを有する送電部と、
を備え、
前記モジュール固定装置は、
前記複数の発電モジュールを固定する第1の固定部材と、
各々が前記複数の発電モジュールの1つに対応し、対応する前記送電アンテナによって送出された前記RFエネルギの少なくとも一部を受け取る複数の受電アンテナと、
前記複数の受電アンテナを固定する第2の固定部材と、
を備え、
前記第1の固定部材および前記第2の固定部材は、各受電アンテナと、前記受電アンテナに対応する送電アンテナとが、少なくとも部分的に対向するように、前記複数の発電モジュールおよび前記複数の受電アンテナをそれぞれ固定し、
前記発電システムは、更に、
前記複数の受電アンテナの出力の周波数をそれぞれ変換する複数の周波数変換回路と、
前記複数の周波数変換回路の出力を並列的に合成する合成部と、
を備え、
前記送電アンテナは、第1インダクタおよび第1容量素子が直列に接続された直列共振回路であり、
前記受電アンテナは、第2インダクタおよび第2容量素子が並列に接続された並列共振回路であり、
前記送電アンテナの共振周波数fTおよび前記受電アンテナの共振周波数fRは、いずれも、前記RFエネルギの周波数f0に等しく設定され、
前記発振器の昇圧比をVoc、前記周波数変換回路の昇圧比をVtr、第1インダクタのインダクタンスをL1、第2インダクタのインダクタンスをL2、前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナとの結合係数をkとするとき、
(L2/L1)≧4(k/(Voc×Vtr))2を満足する、発電システム。 - 周波数変換回路がRFエネルギと交流エネルギの一括変換を行う回路である請求項29に記載の発電システム。
- 直流エネルギを生成する発電素子を有する発電モジュール本体と、
前記発電モジュール本体に取り付けられ、前記直流エネルギを周波数f0のRFエネルギに変換する発振器、および、前記発振器からRFエネルギの入力を受けて共振磁界として空間へ送出する送電アンテナを有する送電部と、
を備え、
前記送電アンテナは、第1インダクタおよび第1容量素子が直列に接続された直列共振回路である
発電モジュール。 - 直流エネルギを生成する発電素子を有する発電モジュール本体と、前記発電モジュール本体に取り付けられ、前記直流エネルギを周波数f0のRFエネルギに変換する発振器、および、前記発振器からRFエネルギの入力を受けて共振磁界として空間へ送出する送電アンテナを有する送電部とを備え、前記送電アンテナが第1インダクタおよび第1容量素子が直列に接続された直列共振回路である複数の発電モジュールを、被固定物に固定する第1の固定部材と、
各々が前記複数の発電モジュールの1つに対応し、対応する前記送電アンテナによって送出された前記RFエネルギの少なくとも一部を受け取り、第2インダクタおよび第2容量素子が並列に接続された並列共振回路である複数の受電アンテナと、
前記複数の受電アンテナを固定する第2の固定部材と、
前記複数の受電アンテナに含まれる少なくとも2つの受電アンテナの出力が並列的に入力されるケーブルと、
を備え、
前記第1の固定部材および前記第2の固定部材は、各受電アンテナと、前記受電アンテナに対応する送電アンテナとが、少なくとも部分的に対向するように、前記複数の発電モジュールおよび前記複数の受電アンテナをそれぞれ固定する、モジュール固定装置。 - 第1の方向に延び、前記ケーブルが設けられた少なくとも1つの第1長尺部材と、
前記第1の方向に延び、前記ケーブルが設けられていない複数の第2長尺部材と
を含み、
前記第1長尺部材は、2つの第2長尺部材に挟まれた位置にあり、
前記第1長尺部材の両側に配置された複数の前記発電モジュールの送電アンテナから受け取って電力が前記第1長尺部材に設けられたケーブルを介して合成される、請求項32に記載のモジュール固定装置。 - 請求項1から30のいずれかに記載の発電システムの敷設方法であって、
前記モジュール固定装置を準備する工程と、
前記モジュール固定装置を前記被固定物上に設置する工程と、
前記発電モジュールを用意する工程と、
前記発電モジュールを前記モジュール固定装置の前記第1の固定部材によって前記被固定物に固定する工程と、
を含む、発電システムの敷設方法。 - 前記モジュール固定装置を準備する工程および前記発電モジュールを用意する工程の少なくとも一方は、前記発電モジュールを前記第1の固定部材によって前記被固定物に固定する工程の前に完了する、請求項34に記載の発電システムの敷設方法。
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JPWO2012098881A1 (ja) | 2014-06-09 |
CN102986114A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
CN106024916B (zh) | 2018-04-27 |
CN106024916A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
CN102986114B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
JP5914882B2 (ja) | 2016-05-11 |
US20120187767A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
US9077209B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
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