WO2012098758A1 - 検出装置 - Google Patents
検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012098758A1 WO2012098758A1 PCT/JP2011/076229 JP2011076229W WO2012098758A1 WO 2012098758 A1 WO2012098758 A1 WO 2012098758A1 JP 2011076229 W JP2011076229 W JP 2011076229W WO 2012098758 A1 WO2012098758 A1 WO 2012098758A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
- G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a small detection apparatus that can detect adsorption, detachment, proximity, and alteration of a sample to be detected with high sensitivity using a wavelength-resolved measurement method and an optical waveguide mode.
- a sensor using surface plasmon resonance is known as a sensor for detecting various substances such as minute substances contained in a liquid, for example, proteins in biological samples, pathogenic bacteria, metal ions in water, and organic molecules.
- SPR Surface Plasmon Resonance
- Sensors using this surface plasmon resonance are generally called SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) sensors, and many companies such as GE Healthcare, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., NTT Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., and OptQuest Co., Ltd. Products are sold from.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of the most popular SPR sensor 200 called Kretschmann arrangement.
- a metal thin film layer 202 is formed by vapor deposition of a metal such as gold or silver on a glass substrate 201, and an optical prism 203 is formed on the surface of the glass substrate 201 opposite to the surface on which the metal thin film layer 202 is formed.
- the laser light irradiated from the light source 204 is polarized by the polarizing plate 205 and irradiated onto the glass substrate 201 through the optical prism 203.
- Incident light 210A is incident under conditions of total reflection. Surface plasmon resonance appears at a certain incident angle by the evanescent wave that oozes out to the metal surface side of the incident light 210A.
- the evanescent wave is absorbed by the surface plasmon, so that the intensity of the reflected light is remarkably reduced near this incident angle.
- the condition for surface plasmon resonance to appear varies depending on the dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the metal thin film layer 202. Therefore, when the detected sample is bonded or adsorbed on the surface of the metal thin film layer 202, the dielectric constant changes. A change occurs in the reflection characteristics of the incident light 210A. Therefore, the sample to be detected can be detected by monitoring the intensity change of the reflected light 210 ⁇ / b> B reflected from the metal thin film layer 202 with the detector 206.
- the SPR sensor 200 detects a change in the dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the metal thin film layer 202, not only adsorption of a substance to be detected but also a specific substance approaches (approaches) the metal surface. These can be detected even if the substance adhering to the surface is detached or the properties of what was originally present on the metal surface are altered.
- the optical system including the light source 204 is driven to change the angle ⁇ at which the incident light 210A is introduced into the metal thin film layer 202. Since it is necessary to properly monitor the reflected light 210B with the detector 206, the arrangement of the optical system becomes complicated, and there is a problem that the size of the detection apparatus is increased.
- FIG. 2 shows an outline of an SPR sensor 300 including an optical system employed in Non-Patent Document 6.
- Incident light 310A is guided from the light source 301 to the front of the optical prism 303 via the optical fiber 302A, converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 304, converted to p-polarized light by the polarizing plate 305, and then incident on the optical prism 303.
- the incident light 310A is applied to the metal thin film layer 307 on the glass substrate 306 arranged in close contact with the optical prism 303, and is reflected through the condenser lens 308 as reflected light 310B reflected from the metal thin film layer 307. It is led to the detector 309 by the fiber 302B.
- the photodetector 309 includes a spectroscope 309A, and observes the reflection spectrum of the reflected light 310B.
- the SPR sensor 300 can detect a change in dielectric constant when a change in dielectric constant occurs near the surface of the metal thin film layer 307, and can detect a change in dielectric constant.
- the optical system is driven to change the incident angle of the incident angle 310A with respect to the metal thin film layer, and the reflected light 310B is subjected to wavelength decomposition for measurement, that is, the spectrum is measured, thus simplifying the optical system.
- This has the advantage that the device can be miniaturized.
- SPR sensors using surface plasmon resonance have problems in measurement stability and sensitivity, and there is a demand for providing a detection device with higher stability and higher sensitivity.
- FIG. 3 shows an optical waveguide mode sensor 400 using an arrangement similar to the Kretschmann arrangement.
- the optical waveguide mode sensor 400 includes a transparent substrate 401a (plate glass or the like), a reflective film layer 401b composed of a metal layer or a semiconductor layer coated thereon, and a transparent optical waveguide formed on the reflective film layer 401b.
- a detection plate 401 including the layer 401c is used.
- the optical prism 402 is brought into close contact with the surface of the detection plate 401 opposite to the surface on which the transparent optical waveguide layer 401c is formed via refractive index adjusting oil.
- the incident light 410A is incident on the detection plate 401 under conditions that cause total reflection.
- an optical waveguide mode also called a leakage mode or leaky mode
- the optical waveguide mode is excited, and light is reflected near the incident angle of light.
- the light intensity changes greatly.
- Such an optical waveguide mode excitation condition changes depending on the dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the transparent optical waveguide layer 401c.
- silica glass also referred to as SiO 2 glass, silica, quartz glass, or the like
- silicon Si
- a detection plate SiO 2 / Si / SiO 2 detection plate having a layer on which a layer of silicon oxide (including thermally oxidized SiO 2 and silica glass) has been devised, and a highly sensitive and highly stable sensor has been devised. Has been developed.
- Japanese Patent No. 4581135 Japanese Patent No. 4,595,072 JP 2007-271596 A JP 2008-46093 A JP 2009-85714 A
- the wavelength-resolved measurement method reported in the above-mentioned SPR sensor can be applied to the optical waveguide mode sensor, a high-performance and compact sensor can be expected.
- the optical setup is similar between the SPR sensor and the optical waveguide mode sensor, since the SPR excitation condition and the optical waveguide mode excitation condition are completely different, the SPR excitation condition in the SPR sensor and the optical waveguide are different. It is necessary to supplement the difference from the optical waveguide mode excitation condition in the mode sensor.
- the wavelength of light that can excite the SPR is limited to a specific wavelength band depending on the metal material used.
- the SPR excitation condition is determined by the complex refractive index of each material of the metal material, the substrate material, and the optical prism used. For example, incident light passes through the substrate and enters the metal material surface. In this case, the optimum value of the incident angle is uniquely determined by the materials used.
- the excitation wavelength of the optical waveguide mode of the optical waveguide mode sensor using the SiO 2 / Si / SiO 2 detector plate greatly depends on the thickness of the silicon layer and the thickness of the silicon oxide layer.
- the excitation wavelength band of the optical waveguide mode can be freely set as long as it is in the ultraviolet to near-infrared region.
- the optimum value of the incident angle from the substrate to the optical waveguide layer on the surface of the detection plate is the thickness of the silicon layer and the silicon oxide layer, and further the wavelength of the incident light. Dependent. Therefore, as the detection device, the optical waveguide mode sensor having a large degree of freedom in design is more advantageous.
- the angle of the optical prism on which light from the light source is incident is specified. If the angle is set so that light optimal for excitation of the optical waveguide mode is incident, the difference between the SPR excitation condition in the SPR sensor and the optical waveguide mode excitation condition in the optical waveguide mode sensor is complemented. be able to.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and a new technical problem that has arisen in order to provide a detection apparatus to which the wavelength-resolved measurement method is applied using the optical waveguide mode sensor.
- the objective is to achieve the objective. That is, when realizing a detection apparatus adapted to the wavelength-resolved measurement method using an optical waveguide mode sensor, the difference between the SPR excitation condition in the SPR sensor and the optical waveguide mode excitation condition in the optical waveguide mode sensor is complemented.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a small, stable and highly sensitive detection device.
- Means for solving the problems are as follows. That is, ⁇ 1> A detection plate in which a silicon layer and a silicon oxide layer are arranged in this order on a silica glass substrate, an optical prism that is optically adhered to the silica glass substrate side of the detection plate, and the optical prism A light irradiating means for irradiating the detection plate with light, the light incident angle being fixed to the optical prism, and a light detecting means for detecting the intensity of the reflected light reflected from the detection plate And detecting a change in dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the silicon oxide layer of the detection plate by detecting a change in characteristics of the reflected light, wherein the optical prism includes the light irradiation An angle formed by an incident surface on which light emitted from the means is incident and a close contact surface in close contact with the detection plate is 43 ° or less.
- ⁇ 2> The detection device according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the light irradiation unit emits light in parallel to the in-plane direction of the contact surface.
- ⁇ 3> The detection device according to any one of ⁇ 1> and ⁇ 2>, wherein the silicon layer is formed of single crystal silicon.
- ⁇ 4> The detection device according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein an interface roughness at an interface between the silicon layer and the silicon oxide layer is 0.5 nm or less in terms of RMS.
- the light irradiation means includes a light source, a collimator that uses the light emitted from the light source as collimated light, and a polarizing plate that polarizes the collimated light so as to be s-polarized light, and the optical prism
- the detection device according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the detection plate is irradiated with s-polarized light.
- the light detection unit includes a spectroscope that spectrally detects at least reflected light.
- ⁇ 7> The detection device according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the optical prism has an exit surface that is at the same angle as the incident surface with respect to the contact surface.
- the optical prism is formed of silica glass having the same refractive index as the silica glass substrate.
- ⁇ 9> The detection device according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the optical prism and the detection plate are integrally formed.
- ⁇ 10> The detection device according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 9>, wherein any one of adsorption, separation, approach, and alteration of a substance in the vicinity of the surface of the silicon oxide layer is detected as a change in dielectric constant.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and a new technical problem that has arisen in order to provide a detection apparatus to which the wavelength-resolved measurement method is adapted using the optical waveguide mode sensor. Compensate for the difference between the SPR excitation condition in the SPR sensor and the optical waveguide mode excitation condition in the optical waveguide mode sensor when realizing a detection device that adapts the wavelength-resolved measurement method using the optical waveguide mode sensor. In addition, a small, stable and highly sensitive detection device can be provided.
- the detection apparatus of the present invention includes a detection plate, an optical prism, a light irradiation unit, and a light detection unit.
- the detection plate is formed by arranging a silicon layer and a silicon oxide layer in this order on a silica glass substrate.
- the silica glass substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a glass material formed of silica glass, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, from a glass material called SiO 2 glass, silica, quartz glass, or the like. It can be selected appropriately.
- the material for forming the silicon layer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include materials containing silicon as a main constituent, such as single crystal silicon, amorphous silicon, and polysilicon. Among these, single crystal silicon is preferable from the viewpoint of optical and structural uniformity.
- the silicon oxide layer is not particularly limited as long as it functions as an optical waveguide layer, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples thereof include silicon oxide such as thermal silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) and silica glass. Is mentioned.
- the thickness of the silica glass substrate is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 0.5 mm to 3 mm from the viewpoint of easy handling.
- the thickness of the silicon layer is not particularly limited as long as the optical waveguide mode can be excited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the optical waveguide can be used in a wavelength region between the near ultraviolet region and the near infrared region. From the viewpoint of exciting the mode, the thickness is preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and from the viewpoint of easy production, the upper limit is more preferably 500 nm or less.
- the thickness of the silicon oxide layer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 200 nm to 800 nm from the viewpoint of functioning as an optical waveguide and easy manufacture.
- the interface roughness between the silicon layer and the silicon oxide layer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- RMS Root Mean Square; root mean square
- Square root is preferably 0.5 nm or less, and ideally 0 nm.
- detection sensitivity can be improved by forming nanopores on the surface of the silicon oxide layer.
- FIG. 4 The cross-sectional structure of the detection plate is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, in the detection plate 6, a silicon layer 6b and a silicon oxide layer 6c are arranged in this order on a silica glass substrate 6a, and a silicon oxide layer 6c of the silica glass substrate 6a is formed. An optical prism, which will be described later, is brought into close contact with the opposite surface.
- the optical prism is optically adhered to the silica glass substrate side of the detection plate.
- the material for forming the optical prism is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. From the viewpoint of suppressing light reflection and refraction at the interface with the detection plate, the same refraction as the silica glass substrate is used. It is preferable to be formed of silica glass with a ratio.
- the core of the technology is that the angle is 43 ° or less.
- Preferred embodiments of the optical prism include a trapezoidal prism and a isosceles triangle prism as shown in FIG. Since these optical prisms have an exit surface that forms the same angle (angle ⁇ in FIG. 6) as the incident surface on which the light irradiated from the light irradiating unit is incident on the contact surface with the detection plate.
- the light irradiating means and the light detecting means can be optically arranged symmetrically with the optical prism as the center, and the detecting device can be made smaller and more easily arranged.
- the method for contacting the detection plate and the optical prism is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- a refractive index adjusting oil or a refractive index adjusting polymer is provided between the detection plate and the optical prism. It is preferable that it is filled with a sheet and is in close contact so as to be optically continuous.
- the detection plate and the optical prism may be integrally formed from the viewpoint of more easily obtaining optical continuity. In this case, the same effect can be obtained even if the silica glass substrate portion of the detection plate is polished and used in a prism shape.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which the detection plate and the optical prism are integrally formed.
- a chip in which a silicon layer 16b and a silicon oxide layer 16c are arranged in this order on a prism-like silica glass substrate 16a formed by processing a silica glass substrate into an optical prism shape is used as a detection plate and an optical plate. Used as a prism.
- the angle ( ⁇ in the figure) formed by the light incident surface of the prism-like silica glass substrate 16a and the contact surface between the detection plate (here, the silicon layer 16b) is set to 43 ° or less.
- the light irradiating means irradiates the detection plate with light through the optical prism, and the light incident angle is fixed to the optical prism.
- the light irradiation means is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but it is preferable to irradiate light parallel to the in-plane direction of the contact surface.
- a smaller and simpler optical system can be obtained.
- the light irradiating means As a preferable configuration example of the light irradiating means, a light source, a collimator that uses collimated light as light emitted from the light source, and a polarizing plate that polarizes the collimated light to form s-polarized light, an optical prism is provided.
- the structure which irradiates the said s-polarized light to a detection plate through this is mentioned.
- the light source is preferably a white lamp, LED, LD, or the like from the viewpoint of performing wavelength-resolved measurement.
- a p-polarizing plate can be used instead of the s-polarizing plate, but higher sensitivity can be obtained by using the s-polarizing plate.
- an optical member such as an optical fiber for guiding light emitted from the light source to a collimator can be provided.
- the light detection means has a function of detecting the intensity of reflected light reflected from the detection plate.
- the detection device of the present invention detects a change in dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the silicon oxide layer of the detection plate by detecting a characteristic change of the reflected light.
- the light detection means is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned functions.
- the light detection means can be composed of at least a spectroscope and a light detector, and if necessary, a condensing lens, an optical fiber, etc. are added. Can be configured. By using the condensing lens and the optical fiber, a degree of freedom can be given to the optical arrangement.
- the photodetector is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, the intensity of reflected light emitted from the optical prism such as a CCD array, a photodiode array, or a photomultiplier is measured. And the intensity of the reflected light or the reflected spectrum in the specific wavelength band can be detected from the reflected light intensity for each wavelength acquired from the spectrometer.
- FIG. 8 shows a detection device 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the light irradiation means includes a light source 1, an optical fiber 2 ⁇ / b> A, a collimator lens 3, and a polarizing plate 4.
- Light from the light source 1 enters the optical fiber 2A and is guided to a position where it easily enters the optical prism 5.
- the collimator lens 3 disposed at the tip of the optical fiber 2A sets the outgoing light from the optical fiber 2A to be parallel light.
- the emitted light is polarized to a desired polarization state by the polarizing plate 4 and then enters the optical prism 5.
- the light incident on the optical prism 5 is reflected by the detection plate 6 and emitted from the optical prism 5 as reflected light, and then collected by the condenser lens 7 and taken into the optical fiber 2B.
- the detector 9 can observe the reflection intensity or the reflection spectrum.
- the detection plate 6 is configured by a silicon layer 6b and a silicon oxide layer 6c arranged in this order on a silica glass substrate 6a, and is opposite to the surface on which the silicon oxide layer 6c of the silica glass substrate 6a is arranged.
- the optical prism 5 is disposed in optical contact with the side surface.
- the angle ( ⁇ in the figure) formed by the incident surface through which light enters through the polarizing plate 4 and the contact surface that is in close contact with the detection plate 6 is set to 43 ° or less. .
- the detection device 50 having such a structure observes characteristics after the incident light is reflected by the detection plate 6, for example, a reflected light spectrum, light in a specific wavelength band of the incident light is applied to the surface of the detection plate 6.
- a phenomenon occurs in which the conditions for exciting the optical waveguide mode that locally propagates in and around the formed silicon oxide layer 6c are satisfied, and the reflection intensity is significantly reduced in this wavelength band. Since the optical waveguide mode excitation condition changes depending on the dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the silicon oxide layer 6c of the detection plate 6, if the dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the silicon oxide layer 6c changes, the reflection spectrum changes.
- the cause of the change in the dielectric constant in the vicinity of the surface of the silicon oxide layer 6c for example, adsorption, approach, separation, Alteration can be detected by the photodetector 9.
- FIG. 9 shows an outline of a detection apparatus 100 manufactured as an embodiment of the present invention.
- the light irradiated from the tungsten halogen lamp light 101 is introduced in the order of the collimator lens 103 and the polarizing plate 104 through the optical fiber 102 ⁇ / b> A to be converted into s-polarized parallel light, and then to the prism 105. Irradiate.
- a detection plate 106 is optically adhered to the prism 105.
- the prism 105 a trapezoidal prism having two base angles ⁇ of 38 ° is used.
- the detection plate 106 As the detection plate 106, a single-crystal Si layer 106b having a thickness of 220 nm and a thermally oxidized silicon layer 106c having a thickness of 448 nm are arranged in this order on a silica glass substrate 106a having a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- the detection apparatus 100 reflects the light applied to the detection plate 106 via the light incident surface A of the prism 105 by the detection plate and emits the light from the light output surface B of the prism 105, and then collects the light from the condenser lens 107 and the light. It was led to a spectroscope 108 with a CCD array via a fiber 102B, and fabricated so that a spectrum could be observed by a photodetector 109.
- the detection plate 106 is immersed in a weak alkaline aqueous solution for 10 hours and then dried, and then immersed in an ethanol solution of 0.2% by mass of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane for 10 hours, so that the surface of the silicon oxide layer 106c is reactive.
- the amino group was modified.
- succinimide group-containing compound After rinsing with ethanol and drying, it was immersed in a 1/15 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1 mM sulfosuccinimidyl-N- (D-biotinyl) -6-aminohexanate (succinimide group-containing compound). . It was left as it was for 5 hours, the amino group and the succinimide group of the succinimide group-containing compound were reacted to introduce a biotinyl group on the surface of the silicon oxide layer 106c. In this way, specific adsorption of streptavidin to the biotinyl group can be observed.
- a biotinyl group is introduced into the silicon oxide surface 106c by the above-described method, and then a liquid cell is packaged on the silicon oxide surface 106c, and a 1 / 15M phosphate buffer solution is placed in the liquid cell. It was performed by driving the detection apparatus 100 and observing the reflection spectrum from the photodetector 109. This observation result is indicated by a solid line in FIG. Thereafter, the 1/15 M phosphate buffer was removed, and then a 1/15 M phosphate buffer containing 0.5 ⁇ M of streptavidin was injected into the liquid cell, and the reflection spectrum was observed again. This observation result is indicated by a broken line in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 10, by the injection of the solution containing streptavidin, an adsorption reaction of biotin 110 and streptavidin 111 occurs, and the position of the dip seen in the reflection spectrum is shifted to the longer wavelength side.
- the conditions used for the calculation are as follows: (1) When the silicon layer thickness on the detection plate is 45 nm and the bottom of the dip is at a position where the incident wavelength is 600 nm, (2) When the silicon layer thickness on the detection plate is 80 nm When the bottom of the dip is at the position of wavelength 470 nm, (3) When the thickness of the silicon layer on the detection plate is 160 nm and the bottom of the dip is at the position of incident wavelength 520 nm, (4) The thickness of the silicon layer on the detection plate was 220 nm and the bottom of the dip was at the incident wavelength of 650 nm, the following four conditions were used. In either case, the calculation was made assuming that the silicon layer was single crystal silicon.
- the calculation was performed assuming that the surface of the detection plate 106 is immersed in a liquid having a refractive index equivalent to that of water. It was calculated that the silicon oxide layer 106c was silica glass. Since the thickness of the silicon oxide layer 106c affects the wavelength position where the dip appears, when the calculation is performed, the dip position is set to the above-described wavelengths while the detection plate surface is immersed in the liquid. The thickness of the silicon oxide layer was set. The shift amount of the dip position was calculated on the assumption that a substance having a thickness of 5 nm and a refractive index of 1.45 was adsorbed on the surface of the detection plate 106.
- FIG. 11 shows the result of calculation showing the dependence of the wavelength shift amount on the angle ⁇ of the prism.
- FIG. 12 shows the shift amount normalized with the value when the angle ⁇ of the prism is 31 °.
- the prism angle ⁇ is smaller in any case, although the thickness of the silicon layer constituting the detection plate 106 and the excitation wavelength band are different. It can be seen that the shift amount is large, that is, the sensitivity is high.
- the angle ⁇ of the prism is smaller than 30 °, the incident light does not satisfy the total reflection condition on the surface of the detection plate 106, that is, the incident angle of the light on the surface of the detection plate 106 becomes smaller than the critical angle.
- the angle ⁇ of the prism is such that the incident angle of light on the detection plate surface is smaller than the critical angle. However, if the incident angle of light is smaller than the critical angle, the optical waveguide mode is not excited.
- the prism angle If the angle of ⁇ is 43 ° or less, the dip position shift is 60% or more with respect to the amount of shift of the dip position when the angle ⁇ of the prism is 31 ° under all the calculated conditions. The quantity is obtained (see FIG. 12). Therefore, when the angle ⁇ of the prism is set to 43 ° or less, high sensitivity can be obtained when using the SiO 2 / Si / SiO 2 detection plate and applying the wavelength-resolved measurement method.
- the angle ⁇ of the prism is 41 ° or less, about 70% of the shift amount of the dip position when the angle ⁇ of the prism is 31 ° under all the calculated conditions. Or, since the shift amount of the dip position larger than that is obtained (see FIG. 12), it is more preferable.
- the detection apparatus of the present invention is small, highly stable and highly sensitive, it is a protein such as DNA, antigen-antibody, biosensor such as sugar chain, and chemical substance sensor such as metal ion and organic molecule, temperature.
- the present invention can be applied to a variety of fields such as medicine, drug discovery, food, and environment.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、金属薄膜層202表面における被検出物質の特性を検出するためには、光源204を含む光学系を駆動して、入射光210Aが金属薄膜層202に導入される角度θを変更し、その反射光210Bを検出器206にて適切にモニターする必要があるため、光学系の配置が複雑となり、検出装置が大型化するという問題がある。
しかしながら、表面プラズモン共鳴を利用するSPRセンサーでは、測定の安定性と感度に課題を有し、より安定性が高く、高感度の検出装置の提供が求められているのが現状である。
しかしながら、前記SPRセンサーと前記光導波モードセンサーとは、光学的なセットアップが似ているものの、SPR励起条件と光導波モード励起条件が全く異なるため、前記SPRセンサーにおけるSPR励起条件と、前記光導波モードセンサーにおける光導波モード励起条件との差異を補完する必要がある。
<1> シリカガラス基板上にシリコン層と酸化シリコン層とがこの順で配される検出板と、前記検出板の前記シリカガラス基板側に光学的に密着される光学プリズムと、前記光学プリズムを介して前記検出板に光を照射し、前記光学プリズムに対して光の入射角が固定されて配される光照射手段と、前記検出板から反射される反射光の強度を検出する光検出手段とを有し、前記反射光の特性変化を検出することにより、前記検出板の前記酸化シリコン層の表面近傍における誘電率の変化を検出する検出装置であって、前記光学プリズムは、前記光照射手段から照射される光が入射される入射面と、前記検出板に密着される密着面とのなす角の角度が43°以下であることを特徴とする検出装置。
<2> 光照射手段が、密着面の面内方向に対して平行に光を照射する前記<1>に記載の検出装置。
<3> シリコン層が、単結晶シリコンにより形成される前記<1>及び<2>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
<4> シリコン層と酸化シリコン層との界面における界面粗さが、RMS換算で0.5nm以下である前記<1>から<3>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
<5> 光照射手段が、光源と、前記光源から照射される光をコリメート光とするコリメータと、前記コリメート光を偏光してs偏光とする偏光板とを有し、光学プリズムを介して前記s偏光を検出板に照射する前記<1>から<4>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
<6> 光検出手段が、少なくとも反射光を分光して検出する分光器を有する前記<1>から<5>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
<7> 光学プリズムが、密着面に対して入射面と同一角度をなす出射面を有する前記<1>から<6>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
<8> 光学プリズムが、シリカガラス基板と同じ屈折率のシリカガラスで形成される前記<1>から<7>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
<9> 光学プリズムと検出板とが一体的に形成される前記<1>から<8>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
<10> 酸化シリコン層表面近傍における、物質の吸着、離脱、接近、及び変質のいずれかの状態を誘電率の変化として検出する前記<1>から<9>のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
本発明の検出装置は、検出板と、光学プリズムと、光照射手段と、光検出手段とを有する。
前記検出板は、シリカガラス基板上にシリコン層と酸化シリコン層とがこの順で配されてなる。
前記シリコン層の形成材料としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、単結晶シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、ポリシリコンなど、シリコンを主たる構成物質とした材料が挙げられるが、中でも、光学的及び構造的均一性の観点から、単結晶シリコンが好ましい。
前記酸化シリコン層としては、光導波路層として機能するものであれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、熱酸化シリコン(SiO2)、シリカガラスなどシリコンの酸化物が挙げられる。
前記シリコン層の厚さとしては、光導波モードを励起することができれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、近紫外域から近赤外域の間の波長領域で光導波モードを励起することができる観点から、10nm~1μmであることが好ましく、更に製造が容易である観点から、その上限としては500nm以下がより好ましい。
前記酸化シリコン層の厚さとしては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、光導波路として機能させ、また、製造が容易である観点から、200nm~800nmが好ましい。
また、前記酸化シリコン層の表面にナノ孔を形成することによって、検出感度を向上させることができる。
前記光学プリズムは、前記検出板の前記シリカガラス基板側に光学的に密着されてなる。
前記光学プリズムの形成材料としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、前記検出板との界面における光の反射や屈折を抑える観点から、前記シリカガラス基板と同じ屈折率のシリカガラスで形成されることが好ましい。
したがって、前記光学プリズムの形状としては、前記角度を有する限り特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、図5に示すような任意の形状とすることができる。また、前記角の先端としては、研磨の関係上、丸まっていてもよい。
前記光学プリズムの好ましい態様としては、図6に示すような断面視台形のプリズム及び二等辺三角形のプリズムが挙げられる。これらの光学プリズムにおいては、前記検出板との密着面に対し、前記光照射手段から照射される光が入射される入射面と同一角度(図6における角度α)をなす出射面を有するので、前記光学プリズムを中心として、光照射手段と光検出手段とを対称的に光学配置することができ、検出装置をより小型でかつ簡便な配置設計にすることができる。
また、前記検出板と前記光学プリズムとは、より簡便に光学的な連続性が得られる観点から、一体的に形成されていてもよい。
この場合、前記検出板のシリカガラス基板部分を研磨して、プリズム形状にして用いても同様の効果を得ることができる。
前記光照射手段は、前記光学プリズムを介して前記検出板に光を照射し、前記光学プリズムに対して光の入射角が固定されて配される。
前記光源としては、波長分解型の測定を行う観点から、白色ランプやLEDやLDなどが好ましい。また、前記s偏光板に代えてp偏光板を用いることができるが、前記s偏光板を用いる方が高い感度を得ることができる。
なお、前記光照射手段のこのほかの部材として、前記光源から照射される光をコリメータに導くための光ファイバーなどの光学部材を配することができる。
前記光検出手段は、前記検出板から反射される反射光の強度を検出する機能を有する。本発明の検出装置は、前記反射光の特性変化を検出することにより、前記検出板の前記酸化シリコン層の表面近傍における誘電率の変化を検出する。
前記光検出器としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、CCDアレイ、フォトダイオードアレイ、フォトマルチプライアなど、前記光学プリズムから出射される反射光の強度を測定する装置が挙げられ、前記分光器から取得される波長ごとの反射光強度から特定波長帯域における反射光の強度または反射スペクトルを検出可能とする。
ここで、光学プリズム5は、偏光板4を通じて光が入射される入射面と、検出板6に密着される密着面とのなす角の角度(図中のα)が43°以下に設定される。このように角度を設定することで、従来のSPRセンサーにおけるSPR励起条件と、光導波モードセンサーにおける光導波モード励起条件との差異を補完して、小型で高感度の検出装置を実現することができる。
また、検出装置100は、プリズム105の光入射面Aを介して検出板106に照射された光を検出板で反射させプリズム105の光出射面Bから出射させた後、集光レンズ107及び光ファイバ102Bを介して、CCDアレイ付きの分光器108に導き、光検出器109によりスペクトルが観測されるように作製した。
まず、検出板106を弱アルカリ水溶液に10時間浸漬後乾燥し、次いで0.2質量%の3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランのエタノール溶液に10時間浸漬し、酸化シリコン層106cの表面に反応活性なアミノ基を修飾した。
エタノールでリンスし乾燥させた後、0.1mMのスルホスクシンイミジル-N-(D-ビオチニル)-6-アミノヘキサネート(スクシンイミド基含有化合物)を含む1/15Mリン酸緩衝液に浸した。そのまま5時間放置し、アミノ基とスクシンイミド基含有化合物のスクシンイミド基とを反応させ、酸化シリコン層106cの表面にビオチニル基を導入した。こうすることによって、ビオチニル基へのストレプトアビジンの特異吸着を観測できるようになる。
その後、1/15Mリン酸緩衝液を取り除き、次に液セル内にストレプトアビジンを0.5μM含有する1/15Mリン酸緩衝液を注入し、再度反射スペクトルを観測した。この観測結果を図10中の破線で示す。
該図10から確認されるように、ストレプトアビジンを含有する溶液の注入によって、ビオチン110とストレプトアビジン111の吸着反応が生じて、反射スペクトル中に見られるディップの位置が長波長側へシフトする。
図11、図12に示す通り、計算で用いた条件では、検出板106を構成するシリコン層の厚さや、励起波長帯域が異なるにも拘わらず、いずれの場合も、プリズムの角αが小さいほうが、シフト量が大きい、つまり感度が高いことが分かる。
ただし、プリズムの角αの角度が30°より小さくなると、入射光が検出板106の表面で全反射条件を満たさなくなる、つまり、検出板106表面への光の入射角が臨界角より小さくなってしまう場合がある。検出板106に用いられている各材料の屈折率に波長依存性があるため、ここで一意的に、検出板表面への光の入射角が臨界角より小さくなってしまうようなプリズムの角αの角度を定められないが、光の入射角が臨界角より小さくなると、光導波モードは励起されないことに留意する必要がある。
2A、2B、102A、102B、302A、302B 光ファイバ
3、103、304 コリメータレンズ
4、104、205、305、404 偏光板
5、105、203、303、402 光学プリズム
6、106、401 検出板
6a、106a シリカガラス基板
6b、16b、106b シリコン層
6c、16c、106c 酸化シリコン層
7、107、308 集光レンズ
8、108、309A 分光器
9、109、206、309、405 光検出器
16a 光学プリズム状のシリカガラス基板
110 ビオチン
111 ストレプトアビジン
50、100 検出装置
200、300 SPRセンサー
400 光導波モードセンサー
201、306 ガラス基板
202、307 金属薄膜層
210A、310A、410A 入射光
210B、310B、410B 出射光
401a 透明基板
401b 反射膜層
401c 透明光導波路層
Claims (10)
- シリカガラス基板上にシリコン層と酸化シリコン層とがこの順で配される検出板と、前記検出板の前記シリカガラス基板側に光学的に密着される光学プリズムと、前記光学プリズムを介して前記検出板に光を照射し、前記光学プリズムに対して光の入射角が固定されて配される光照射手段と、前記検出板から反射される反射光の強度を検出する光検出手段とを有し、前記反射光の特性変化を検出することにより、前記検出板の前記酸化シリコン層の表面近傍における誘電率の変化を検出する検出装置であって、
前記光学プリズムは、前記光照射手段から照射される光が入射される入射面と、前記検出板に密着される密着面とのなす角の角度が43°以下であることを特徴とする検出装置。 - 光照射手段が、密着面の面内方向に対して平行に光を照射する請求項1に記載の検出装置。
- シリコン層が、単結晶シリコンにより形成される請求項1及び2のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
- シリコン層と酸化シリコン層との界面における界面粗さが、RMS換算で0.5nm以下である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
- 光照射手段が、光源と、前記光源から照射される光をコリメート光とするコリメータと、前記コリメート光を偏光してs偏光とする偏光板とを有し、光学プリズムを介して前記s偏光を検出板に照射する請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
- 光検出手段が、少なくとも反射光を分光して検出する分光器を有する請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
- 光学プリズムが、密着面に対して入射面と同一角度をなす出射面を有する請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
- 光学プリズムが、シリカガラス基板と同じ屈折率のシリカガラスで形成される請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
- 光学プリズムと検出板とが一体的に形成される請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
- 酸化シリコン層表面近傍における、物質の吸着、離脱、接近、及び変質のいずれかの状態を誘電率の変化として検出する請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の検出装置。
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Cited By (3)
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JP2014077672A (ja) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-05-01 | Univ Of Tokyo | テラヘルツ波測定装置及び方法 |
JP2016151417A (ja) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 赤血球凝集検出装置および検出方法 |
US10768112B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2020-09-08 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Optical detection device and optical detection method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130293896A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
JPWO2012098758A1 (ja) | 2014-06-09 |
CN103328952A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
EP2667181A4 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
US8937721B2 (en) | 2015-01-20 |
CN103328952B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
JP5885350B2 (ja) | 2016-03-15 |
EP2667181A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
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