WO2012094836A1 - 一种永磁悬浮轴承及其安装结构 - Google Patents

一种永磁悬浮轴承及其安装结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012094836A1
WO2012094836A1 PCT/CN2011/070559 CN2011070559W WO2012094836A1 WO 2012094836 A1 WO2012094836 A1 WO 2012094836A1 CN 2011070559 W CN2011070559 W CN 2011070559W WO 2012094836 A1 WO2012094836 A1 WO 2012094836A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
inner ring
outer ring
suspension bearing
ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/070559
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张平
Original Assignee
关家树
张思维
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 关家树, 张思维 filed Critical 关家树
Publication of WO2012094836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012094836A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0402—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means combined with other supporting means, e.g. hybrid bearings with both magnetic and fluid supporting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/041—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on one part attracting the other part
    • F16C32/0412—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on one part attracting the other part for radial load mainly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0423—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other
    • F16C32/0427—Passive magnetic bearings with permanent magnets on both parts repelling each other for axial load mainly

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a permanent magnet suspension bearing and a mounting structure thereof. Background technique
  • the magnetic suspension bearing uses magnetic force to suspend the rotor in the air, so that there is no mechanical contact between the rotor and the stator.
  • the rotor can run to a high speed, with low mechanical wear, low energy consumption, low noise, long life, no lubrication, no Oil pollution and other advantages, especially suitable for high-speed, vacuum, ultra-clean and other special environments.
  • the inventor of the present application discloses a permanent magnet suspension bearing in Chinese patent CN 201531526U.
  • the permanent magnet suspension bearing mainly comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, wherein the inner ring is a permanent magnet and the outer ring is made of a magnetic conductive material or a non-magnetic magnetic material. production.
  • An axial permanent magnet is respectively fixed on both ends of the outer ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing, and a radial permanent magnet is fixedly disposed on the outer ring, and the radial permanent magnet is attracted to the inner ring.
  • the inner ring sleeve is mounted inside the outer ring, and in the non-loaded state, the inner ring and the outer ring are in a fitted state.
  • the journal In operation, the journal is mounted in the inner ring, and the pressure of the shaft against the inner ring overcomes the suction of the radial permanent magnet to the inner ring, thereby causing the inner ring to be in suspension.
  • the permanent magnet suspension bearing has the advantages of simple structure and strong practicability, and the permanent magnet suspension bearing is suitable for the working situation in which the inner ring is the rotor and the outer ring is the stator. However, for some applications where the outer ring is a rotor and the inner ring is a stator, such as the driven wheels of various vehicles, the above-mentioned permanent magnet suspension bearings are not suitable.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet suspension bearing with simple structure and the permanent magnet suspension shaft
  • the mounting structure of the bearing, the permanent magnetic suspension bearing and the mounting structure thereof are suitable for working occasions in which the outer ring is a rotor and the inner ring is a stator.
  • the present invention provides a permanent magnet suspension bearing comprising: an inner ring; an outer ring, the outer ring being a permanent magnet, the inner ring being sleeved in the outer ring, the outer ring
  • the thickness in the axial direction is smaller than the thickness of the inner ring in the axial direction; the first radial permanent magnet, the first radial permanent magnet is fixed on the inner ring and in the radial direction with the outer ring Magnetically attracting; a plurality of axial permanent magnets, the plurality of axial permanent magnets being fixed on the inner ring and respectively located on opposite sides of the outer ring in the axial direction, so that the outer ring is in the axial direction
  • the direction is in a state of force balance.
  • a magnetic attraction force between the first radial permanent magnet and the outer ring in a radial direction enables the outer ring and the inner ring or The first radial permanent magnet contacts; the outer ring can be suspended outside the inner ring for free rotation when the outer ring is in a loaded state.
  • the thickness of the first radial permanent magnet in the axial direction is not less than the thickness of the outer ring along the axial direction of the inner ring, and the first radial permanent magnet is axially along the inner ring
  • the thickness of the direction is 1/3 to 2/3 of the thickness of the inner ring in the axial direction.
  • the inner ring has a groove, and the first radial permanent magnet is fixedly mounted in the groove.
  • the groove is formed at a center position of the inner ring in the axial direction.
  • the first radial permanent magnet is a fan ring body, the central axis of the fan ring body is the same as the central axis of the inner ring, and the outer circumferential surface of the first radial permanent magnet is opposite to the inner The outer circumferential faces of the rings are aligned.
  • the axial permanent magnet is a fan ring body coaxial with the inner ring, and an outer radius of the axial permanent magnet is smaller than an outer radius of the outer ring and larger than an outer radius of the inner ring.
  • the width of the axial permanent magnet in the radial direction is 1.5 to 2.5 times the width of the outer ring in the radial direction.
  • the first radial direction The projection of the inner circumferential surface of the permanent magnet is a first arc shape, and the projection of the inner circumferential surface of the axial permanent magnet is a second arc shape, and the first arc shape and the second arc shape are both opposite to the first arc shape
  • the midpoint of the shape is symmetrical with the line between the midpoints of the second arc, and the openings of the first arc and the second arc are opposite each other.
  • the central angle ⁇ of the first arc is 60 degrees to 100 degrees
  • the central angle ⁇ of the second arc is 120 degrees to 200 degrees.
  • the permanent magnet suspension bearing further includes a second radial permanent magnet, the second radial permanent magnet and the first radial permanent magnet being symmetrically disposed with respect to a central axis of the inner ring, and the second diameter
  • the magnetic pole direction of the permanent magnet is opposite to the magnetic pole direction of the first radial permanent magnet.
  • the outer ring, the first radial permanent magnet and the plurality of axial permanent magnets have magnetic pole directions in the axial direction.
  • a mounting structure of a permanent magnet suspension bearing comprising: a permanent magnet suspension bearing, which is a permanent magnet suspension bearing provided by the present invention; an auxiliary bearing, the auxiliary bearing and the The inner ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing is coaxial; the fixed shaft, the inner ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing and the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing are fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the fixed shaft; and a hollow rotating shaft The outer ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing and the outer ring of the auxiliary bearing are fixedly mounted on an inner circumferential surface of the rotating shaft.
  • the magnetic attraction between the first radial permanent magnet of the permanent magnet suspension bearing and the outer ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing is opposite to the load acting on the rotating shaft .
  • the magnetic force acting as the outer ring of the permanent magnet and the axial permanent magnet and the radial permanent magnet realize the axial position control and the radial position control of the outer ring, and is more suitable for the outer ring.
  • the working environment is the rotor and the inner ring is the stator.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a permanent magnet suspension bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the permanent magnet suspension bearing of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet suspension bearing of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of the inner ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the first radial permanent magnet of the permanent magnet suspension bearing of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a radial cross-sectional view of the first radial permanent magnet of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a view taken along line A-A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the magnetic pole distribution of the permanent magnet suspension bearing of Figure 1;
  • Figure 9 is an embodiment of a mounting structure of a permanent magnet suspension bearing according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the permanent magnet suspension bearing provided by the present invention comprises:
  • the outer ring 2 is a permanent magnet, the inner ring 1 is sleeved in the outer ring 2, and the inner diameter of the outer ring 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner ring 1, and the outer ring 2 is along The thickness in the axial direction is smaller than the thickness of the inner ring 1 in the axial direction;
  • a first radial permanent magnet 3 fixed to the inner ring 1 and magnetically attracted to the outer ring 2 in a radial direction;
  • a plurality of axial permanent magnets 4 fixed to the inner ring 1 and respectively located on both sides of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction, so that the outer ring 2 is along the axis In the direction of the force balance state.
  • the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing is a permanent magnet.
  • the outer ring 2 is mounted in the hub, and the inner ring 1 is internally mounted with a shaft that does not rotate, and the components on the hub can be used as described above.
  • Circle 2 ie the rotor
  • the installation and installation of the permanent magnet suspension bearing will be described in detail below.
  • the inner ring 1 may be made of a magnetically permeable material or a non-magnetically permeable material, and the inner diameter of the outer ring 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner ring 1, so that the inner ring 1 is fitted in the outer ring 2.
  • the inner ring 1 is also fixedly mounted with the first radial permanent magnet 3, the first radial permanent magnet 3 is magnetically attracted to the outer ring 2, so that the first radial permanent magnet 3 when the outer ring 2 is in the unloaded state
  • the attraction of the outer ring 2 balances some or all of the forces acting on the outer ring 2.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 can be fixedly mounted to the inner ring 1 in a plurality of ways, for example, a notch can be machined in the inner ring 1, and the first radial permanent magnet 3 can be embedded in the notch, and then bonded The agent or filler securely fixes the first radial permanent magnet 3.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 is not limited to the above-described mounting manner.
  • the inner ring 1 is made of a magnetic conductive material
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 may also be fixedly disposed on the outer circumference of the inner ring 1. On the surface. Therefore, the fixed mounting manner of the first radial permanent magnet 3 and the inner ring 1 can be selected depending on the specific application, which will be described in more detail below.
  • a plurality of axial permanent magnets 4, and the plurality of axial permanent magnets 4 are disposed on both sides of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction, so that the outer ring 2 is in a force balance state in the axial direction, ensuring the outer ring 2 Stays in place and prevents the outer ring 2 from tilting in the axial direction.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 can be fixed in place on the inner ring 1 in a variety of ways.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 may be fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 1.
  • at least one axial permanent magnet 4 is fixed on the first end face 6 of the inner ring 1 and at least one axial permanent magnet 4 is fixed on the second end face 7 of the inner ring 1, so that the outer ring 2 is in the axial direction.
  • the stress balance state is achieved.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 can also be embedded in the inner ring 1 similar to the first radial permanent magnet 3.
  • the axial permanent magnets 4 respectively fixed to both sides of the outer ring 2 are equal in number and of the same shape, so that the force balance state of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction can be better maintained.
  • the magnetic force of the axial permanent magnet 4 to the outer ring 2 may be a repulsive force or a gravitational force, but in the preferred case, the magnetic force of the axial permanent magnet 4 to the outer ring 2 is a repulsive force, thereby ensuring that the outer ring 2 remains There is a suitable distance from the axial permanent magnet 4.
  • the attractive force between the first radial permanent magnet 3 and the outer ring 2 should be sufficiently large, in the non-loaded state, the radial direction between the first radial permanent magnet 3 and the outer ring 2
  • the magnetic attraction force enables the outer ring 2 to be in contact with the inner ring 1 or the first radial permanent magnet 3, as shown in Fig. 3; and in the loaded state of the outer ring 2, the outer ring 2 can be in the first radial permanent magnet 3 and Under the combined action of the load, the force balance in the radial direction is achieved, and can be suspended outside the inner ring 1 for free rotation.
  • the suspension state of the outer ring can be realized by the technical solution of the present invention, and the (outer) frictional rotation can be performed by the outer ring under load.
  • the thickness d3 of the first radial permanent magnet 3 in the axial direction is 1/3 to 2/3 of the thickness of the inner ring 1 in the axial direction. Further preferably, the thickness d3 of the first radial permanent magnet 3 is 1/2 of the thickness of the inner ring 1 in the axial direction.
  • the thickness of the first radial permanent magnet 3 in the axial direction is not less than the thickness of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction. Further preferably, the thickness of the first radial permanent magnet 3 in the axial direction of the inner ring 1 is equal to the thickness of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction along the inner ring 1.
  • the outer ring 2 can obtain a stable magnetic attraction force, thereby facilitating the securing of the outer ring 2
  • the radial direction and/or the axial direction are in a steady state.
  • a notch or groove 13 may be provided in advance in the inner ring 1, as shown in Fig. 4, and then the first radial permanent magnet 3 is fixedly mounted to the groove during assembly. 13 can be.
  • the groove 13 is formed at an intermediate position in the axial direction on the inner ring 1 such that the first radial permanent magnet 3 is located at an intermediate position in the inner ring 1 in the axial direction.
  • the central cross section 8 of the inner ring 1 divides the first radial permanent magnet 3 into two parts that are symmetrical with respect to the central cross section.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 located at the intermediate position in the axial direction in the inner ring 1 is also located at the intermediate position in the inner ring 1 in the axial direction. Therefore, with the magnetic attraction force, the first radial permanent magnet 3 can function as the outer ring 2 in the axial direction, thereby ensuring that the outer ring 2 is in the correct position in the axial direction to a greater extent.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the fan ring body In addition to fixing the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the fan ring body to the inner ring 1 by means of a groove 13 provided on the inner ring 1, the first radial permanent magnet 3 can be firmly adhered by an adhesive.
  • the knot is formed on the inner ring 1 as long as the magnetic attraction force is applied to the outer ring 2, and the rotation of the outer ring 2 is not affected.
  • the shape of the first radial permanent magnet 3 is not particularly required, so that the position control of the outer ring 2 can be realized by a magnetic force.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 may be a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a strip shape, a ring shape or the like.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 is a fan ring body, and in the axial direction of the inner ring 1, the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the fan ring body Has a thickness d3, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the central axis of the fan ring body is the same as the central axis of the inner ring 1, such that the outer ring 2 is more uniformly distributed by the magnetic attraction of the first radial permanent magnet 3.
  • the width w3 of the first radial permanent magnet 3 in the radial direction is the same as the width of the inner ring 1 in the radial direction, and the outer circumferential surface of the first radial permanent magnet 3 faces the outer circumference of the inner ring 1. Further preferably, the outer circumferential surface of the first radial permanent magnet 3 is also aligned with the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 1. In this configuration, in the non-loaded state, the outer ring 2 can be attracted to the outer circumferential surface of the first radial permanent magnet 3, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the fan ring body is fitted into the inner ring 1, usually in two configurations.
  • the first way is the fan ring body shown in Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6, wherein the two end faces 9, 10 of the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the fan ring body (the two end faces) Also parallel to each other) and the inner ring
  • the central axes of 1 are parallel. In this configuration, the central angle corresponding to the circular arc in the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the fan ring body is different from the central angle corresponding to the circular arc in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface.
  • the central axis of the inner ring 1 is located in the plane of the two end faces 9, 10 of the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the fan ring body, that is, the central axis of the inner ring 1 It is the intersection of the planes of the two end faces 9 and 10 of the first radial permanent magnet 3.
  • the central angle corresponding to the circular arc in the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the sector ring body of the first radial permanent magnet 3 is the same as the central angle corresponding to the circular arc in the circumferential direction of the outer circumferential surface.
  • the circular arc of the inner circumferential surface of the fan ring body of the first radial permanent magnet 3 (as shown in the figure)
  • the central angle (corresponding to the central angle ⁇ shown in Fig. 7) corresponding to the arc AB shown is 60 to 100 degrees.
  • the circumferential arc of the inner circumferential surface of the fan ring body of the first radial permanent magnet 3 corresponds to a central angle of 90 degrees.
  • the arrangement of the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing of the present invention and its action have been described in detail above.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 will be described in detail below.
  • the number of the axial permanent magnets 4 is plural.
  • the axial permanent magnets 4 can be designed in two, one of which can be situated on the first end face 6 of the inner ring 1 and the other
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 can be located on the second end face 7 of the inner ring 1.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the axial permanent magnets 4 located on the first end face 6 may be plural, and the axial permanent magnets 4 located on the second end face 7 may also be plural, located on the first end face 6.
  • the number of the axial permanent magnets 4 and the number of the axial permanent magnets 4 located on the second end face 7 may be different as long as the outer ring 2 can be in a force balance state in the axial direction.
  • the magnetic forces acting on the outer ring 2 on the two end faces of the inner ring 1 respectively are the repulsive force (or gravitational force), and the force of the pair of repulsive forces (or gravitational forces) in the axial direction (if If they are equal in size and opposite in direction, the resultant force is zero in the axial direction, so that the stability of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction can be ensured.
  • the geometry of the axial permanent magnet 4 is not particularly required, as long as Preferably, in order to apply a desired force to the outer ring 2, such as a repulsive force, as shown in FIG. 3, the width w4 of the axial permanent magnet 4 in the radial direction is greater than the width of the inner ring 1 in the radial direction.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the axial permanent magnet 4 protrudes from the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 1 so that the positions of the axial permanent magnet 4 and the outer ring 2 are closer to each other to obtain a desired magnetic repulsive force.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 is a fan ring body whose central axis (i.e., the central axis of the cylindrical surface where the inner or outer circumferential surface of the fan ring body is located) is the same as the central axis of the inner ring 1.
  • the inner circumferential surface, the outer circumferential surface of the axial permanent magnet 4, and the inner circumferential surface and the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 1 have a common central axis, so that the arrangement of the outer ring 2 does not affect the outer ring 2 and the load. Connection and its rotational movement.
  • the fan ring body of the axial permanent magnet 4 is similar to the fan ring body structure of the above first radial permanent magnet 3, and thus will not be described in detail.
  • the inner circumferential surface of the fan ring body of the axial permanent magnet 4 is aligned with the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring 1, as shown in FIG.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 is mounted on the inner ring 1 so as to be axially stable to the outer ring 2, and there is no special requirement.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 is coaxial with the inner ring 1, and the outer radius of the axial permanent magnet 4 is smaller than the outer radius of the outer ring 2 and larger than the outer radius of the inner ring 1, thereby facilitating assembly of the respective components.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 protruding from the outer circumferential surface of the inner ring 1 does not interfere with the outer ring 2 and the parts located outside the outer ring 2 in the loaded state.
  • the outer ring 2 can be taken out against the magnetic force applied to the outer ring 2, and replacement work can be performed.
  • this may be made by making the width w4 of the axial direction of the axial permanent magnet 4 and the width of the outer ring 2 in the radial direction. The difference is smaller than the difference between the inner diameter of the outer ring 2 and the inner diameter of the inner ring 1.
  • the width w4 of the axial permanent magnet 4 in the radial direction is 1.5 to 2.5 times the width of the outer ring 2 in the radial direction. Further preferably, the width of the axial permanent magnet 4 in the radial direction is the outer ring 2 2 times the width in the radial direction.
  • the width w4 of the axial permanent magnet 4 is made larger than the width of the outer ring 2, so that the force balance of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction can be achieved, and the two sets of axial directions on both sides of the outer ring 2
  • the repulsive force of the permanent magnet 4 to the outer ring 2 also produces a resultant force in the radial direction, and this resultant force contributes to the outer ring 2 carrying a greater radial load.
  • the relative relationship between the position of the inner permanent magnet 4 and the position of the first radial permanent magnet 3 on the inner ring 1 is: positive in the axial direction of the permanent magnetic suspension bearing
  • the projection of the inner circumferential surface of the first radial permanent magnet 3 is a first arc 11
  • the projection of the inner circumferential surface of the axial permanent magnet 4 is a second arc 12
  • the line L between the midpoint of the shape 11 and the second arc 12 with respect to the first arc 11 and the midpoint of the second arc 12 is bilaterally symmetrical in FIG. 7, and the first arc 11
  • the openings of the second arc 12 are opposed to each other.
  • the first arc 11 projected by the inner circumferential surface of the first radial permanent magnet 3 herein is the arc of the circumferential direction of the inner circumferential surface of the fan ring body of the first radial permanent magnet 3 described above. .
  • the central angle ⁇ of the first curved shape 11 is 60 degrees to 100 degrees, and further preferably 90 degrees.
  • the direction of the magnetic attraction of the first radial permanent magnet 3 to the outer ring 2 is mainly in the vector OC direction (downward in FIG. 7), and the repulsive force of the axial permanent magnet 4 on the outer ring 2 is in the axial direction.
  • the resultant force can be zero, and the resultant force of the repulsive force of the axial permanent magnet 4 to the outer ring 2 in the radial direction will mainly be along the vector DC direction.
  • the direction of the resultant force of the axial permanent magnets 4 on both sides of the outer ring 2 in the axial direction is the same as the direction of the magnetic attraction of the first radial permanent magnets 3 to the outer ring 2 in the radial direction.
  • acting to assist the first radial permanent magnet 3 in the radial direction is the same as the direction of the magnetic attraction of the first radial permanent magnets 3 to the outer ring 2 in the radial direction.
  • the load can utilize the resultant force of the repulsive force of the outer permanent magnet 2 in the radial direction and the magnetic attraction of the first radial permanent magnet 3 to the outer ring 2
  • the central angle of the second curved shape 12 (the central angle ⁇ shown in Fig. 7) is 120 degrees to 200 degrees. Further preferably, the central angle of the second curved shape 12 is 160 degrees to 180 degrees, thereby being capable of The outer ring 2 is made to obtain a more stable equilibrium state in the axial direction.
  • the permanent magnet suspension bearing further includes a second radial permanent magnet (not shown) fixedly mounted on the inner ring 1 (e.g., embedded in the inner ring 1), and the second radial permanent magnet is symmetrically disposed with respect to the central axis of the inner ring 1 with the first radial permanent magnet 3, the second radial permanent magnet and the first radial direction
  • the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 3 are opposite in direction.
  • the second diameter The magnetic force repels the permanent magnet and the outer ring 2, so that the resultant direction of the magnetic repulsive force of the second radial permanent magnet to the outer ring 2 is the same as the resultant force of the magnetic attraction of the first radial permanent magnet 3 to the outer ring 2, thereby The outer ring 2 can be allowed to carry a larger load.
  • the inner ring 1 can be made of a magnetically permeable material.
  • the inner ring 1 made of the magnetically permeable material can make the magnetic force between the outer ring 2 and the radial permanent magnet 3 and the axial permanent magnet 4 larger, so that the outer ring 2 is more axially oriented. Stable, capable of carrying larger loads in the radial direction.
  • the first radial permanent magnet 3 and the outer ring 2 are magnetically attracted, and the outer ring 2 and the axial permanent magnet 4 are repelled (or attracted) to achieve suspension of the outer ring 2 under load. State, this can be achieved by the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the individual magnets.
  • the magnetic pole directions of the outer ring 2, the first radial permanent magnet 3 and the plurality of axial permanent magnets 4 are all in the axial direction, and the magnetic pole direction of the outer ring 2 and the magnetic pole direction of the first radial permanent magnet 3 in contrast.
  • FIGS. 3 and 8 are taken as an example for description.
  • the left end of the outer ring 2 is N pole, and the right end is S pole;
  • the left end of the first radial permanent magnet 3 is S pole, the right end is N pole;
  • the left side of the outer ring 2 is an axial permanent magnet 4
  • the left end is the S pole and the right end is the N pole;
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 on the right side of the outer ring 2 the left end is the S pole and the right end is the N pole.
  • it is also completely feasible to invert the N and S poles of the respective magnets in Fig. 8 i.e., the N pole in Fig.
  • the S pole in Fig. 8 is set to the N pole. Since the magnetic pole directions of the respective magnets are in the axial direction, on the one hand, the arrangement of the respective magnets can be facilitated, and on the other hand, by setting the magnetic pole directions of the respective magnetic poles in the axial direction, Corresponding different magnets (such as magnetically attracted magnets) form a closed magnetic field loop so that demagnetization does not occur and the magnetic field state can be stabilized for a longer period of time.
  • Corresponding different magnets (such as magnetically attracted magnets) form a closed magnetic field loop so that demagnetization does not occur and the magnetic field state can be stabilized for a longer period of time.
  • permanent magnets For different applications, permanent magnets, first (second) radial permanent magnets and axial permanent magnets capable of generating different magnetic field strengths can be selected.
  • the axial permanent magnet 4 is fixed to the inner ring 1 (e.g., bonded together by an adhesive), the first radial direction, compared with the conventional permanent magnet suspension bearing.
  • the permanent magnet 3 is fixed to the inner ring 1, so that in addition to the outer ring 2, the remaining components are fixedly connected as a whole. Therefore, the permanent magnet suspension bearing of the present invention is integrated, the structure is very compact, and the assembly process is relatively simple.
  • the mounting structure of the permanent magnet suspension bearing of the present invention may include a fixed shaft, a hollow rotating shaft, and the permanent magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention.
  • the fixed shaft is fixed, and the rotating shaft of the hollow rotates around a central axis of the fixed shaft.
  • the fixed shaft is a frame
  • the hollow rotating shaft is a hub.
  • the inner ring 1 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing is fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the fixed shaft.
  • the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing is fixedly mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the hollow rotating shaft, and the hollow rotating shaft rotates to drive the outer ring 2 - the same rotation.
  • the mounting structure includes:
  • the permanent magnet suspension bearing, the permanent magnet suspension bearing is the above-mentioned permanent magnet suspension bearing provided by the invention;
  • the auxiliary bearing 8 is coaxial with the inner ring 1 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing;
  • the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing 8 is fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the fixed shaft 14;
  • the hollow rotating shaft 15, the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing and the outer ring of the auxiliary bearing 8 are fixedly mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the rotating shaft 15.
  • the fixed shaft 14 here may be a common circular shaft having the same diameter at the same time, or may be a stepped shaft.
  • the inner diameter of the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing 8 is the same as the inner diameter of the inner ring 1 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing; when the fixed shaft 14 is the stepped shaft, the inner diameter of the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing 8
  • the diameter of the fixed shaft 14 at which the inner ring is mounted is not equal to the inner diameter of the inner ring 1 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing.
  • the inner diameter of the hollow rotating shaft 15 may be equal or stepwise, and the outer diameter of the outer ring of the auxiliary bearing 8 may be selected according to the specific structure of the hollow rotating shaft 15.
  • the auxiliary bearing 8 and the hollow rotating shaft 15 there is no special requirement for the specific structure of the fixed shaft 14, the auxiliary bearing 8 and the hollow rotating shaft 15, as long as the auxiliary bearing 8 and the inner ring 1 of the permanent magnetic suspension bearing can be realized.
  • the outer ring of the auxiliary bearing 8 and the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing are fixed to the inner surface of the rotary shaft 15 at the same time.
  • the outer ring 2 Since there is no support or connection between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing, the outer ring 2 is suspended outside the inner ring 1 when the permanent magnet suspension bearing is under load. When the hollow rotating shaft 15 rotates, the outer ring 2 rotates accordingly. Mounting the auxiliary bearing 8 coaxial with the inner ring 1 on the fixed shaft 14 can play a central role for the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing, gp, when the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnetic suspension bearing is in a rotating state, the outer ring 2.
  • the inner ring 1, the auxiliary bearing 8, the rotating shaft 15 and the fixed shaft 14 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing are coincident, so that the outer ring 2 in the high-speed rotation state is more stable.
  • the rotation shaft 15 is hardly applied.
  • the rotation has an effect.
  • the magnetic attraction between the first radial permanent magnet 3 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing and the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing is opposite to the direction of the load F carried on the rotating shaft 15.
  • the outer ring 2 can be suspended outside the inner ring 1, and
  • the inner ring 1 has almost no frictional rotation, which facilitates the rotation of the rotating shaft 15 which is fitted outside the outer ring 2 of the permanent magnet suspension bearing, and improves the working efficiency of the rotating shaft 15.
  • the auxiliary bearing 8 is mounted only on one side of the permanent magnet suspension bearing.
  • the mounting structure of the permanent magnet suspension bearing according to the present invention is not limited thereto, and Auxiliary bearings 8 are mounted on both sides of the permanent magnet suspension bearing.
  • the shape of the auxiliary bearing 8 may also be various. For example, it may be a rolling bearing as shown in Fig. 9, or may be other types of bearings as long as it can perform a centripetal action on the permanent magnet suspension bearing.
  • the outer ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing provided by the invention is a permanent magnet, which can be suspended outside the inner ring, and is more suitable for the working occasion that the outer ring is the rotor and the inner ring is the stator.
  • the mounting structure of the permanent magnet suspension bearing provided by the invention adopts an auxiliary bearing, and plays an auxiliary support role for the permanent magnet suspension bearing when the outer ring of the permanent magnet suspension bearing moves in the radial direction, which is more conducive to the stable operation of the permanent magnetic suspension bearing.

Description

一种永磁悬浮轴承及其安装结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种永磁悬浮轴承及其安装结构。 背景技术
磁悬浮轴承是利用磁力作用将转子悬浮于空中，使转子与定子之间没有 机械接触， 转子可以运行到很高的转速， 具有机械磨损小、能耗低、噪声小、 寿命长、 无需润滑、 无油污染等优点， 特别适用于高速、 真空、 超净等特殊 环境中。
本申请的发明人在中国专利 CN 201531526U中公开了一种永磁悬浮轴 承， 这种永磁悬浮轴承主要包括内圈和外圈， 其中内圈为永磁体， 外圈由导 磁材料或非导磁材料制成。在该永磁悬浮轴承外圈的两端分别固定有轴向永 磁体， 且外圈上固定设置有径向永磁体， 该径向永磁体与内圈相吸。 内圈套 装在外圈内部， 在非承载状态下， 内圈与外圈处于贴合状态。 工作时， 将轴 颈安装在内圈中， 轴对内圈的压力能克服径向永磁体对内圈的吸力， 从而使 内圈处于悬浮状态。 这种永磁悬浮轴承结构简单， 实用性强， 这种永磁悬浮 轴承适用于内圈为转子、 外圈为定子的工作场合。 但对于一些外圈为转子、 内圈为定子的工作场合， 如各种车辆的从动轮中， 上述永磁悬浮轴承并不适 用。
因此， 需要提供一种适用于外圈为转子、 内圈为定子的工作场合的永磁 悬浮轴承。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单的永磁悬浮轴承及该永磁悬浮轴 承的安装结构， 所述永磁悬浮轴承及其安装结构适用于外圈为转子、 内圈为 定子的工作场合。
作为本发明的一个方面， 本发明提供一种永磁悬浮轴承， 该永磁悬浮轴 承包括： 内圈； 外圈， 该外圈为永磁体， 所述内圈套在所述外圈中， 所述外 圈沿轴向方向的厚度小于所述内圈沿轴向方向的厚度； 第一径向永磁体， 该 第一径向永磁体固定在所述内圈上且沿径向方向上与所述外圈磁力相吸； 多 个轴向永磁体， 该多个轴向永磁体固定在所述内圈上并分别位于所述外圈沿 轴向方向的两侧， 从而使所述外圈在沿轴向方向上处于力平衡状态。
优选地， 在所述外圈处于非承载状态下， 所述第一径向永磁体与所述外 圈之间沿径向方向的磁性吸引力能够使所述外圈与所述内圈或所述第一径 向永磁体接触； 在所述外圈处于承载状态下， 所述外圈能够在所述内圈外悬 浮起来， 以进行自由转动。
优选地，所述第一径向永磁体沿轴向方向的厚度不小于所述外圈沿所述 内圈轴向方向的厚度，且所述第一径向永磁体沿所述内圈轴向方向的厚度为 所述内圈沿轴向方向的厚度的 1/3至 2/3。
优选地， 所述内圈具有槽， 所述第一径向永磁体固定安装在所述槽内。 优选地， 所述槽形成在所述内圈的沿轴向方向的中心位置。
优选地， 所述第一径向永磁体为扇环体， 该扇环体的中心轴线与所述内 圈的中心轴线相同， 且所述第一径向永磁体的外圆周面与所述内圈的外圆周 面对齐。
优选地， 所述轴向永磁体为与所述内圈同轴的扇环体， 所述轴向永磁体 的外半径小于所述外圈的外半径并大于所述内圈的外半径。
优选地，所述轴向永磁体沿径向方向的宽度为所述外圈沿径向方向的宽 度的 1.5-2.5倍。
优选地， 在所述永磁悬浮轴承轴向方向的正投影视图中， 所述第一径向 永磁体的内圆周面的投影为第一弧形，所述轴向永磁体的内圆周面的投影为 第二弧形， 该第一弧形和第二弧形均相对于所述第一弧形的中点与第二弧形 的中点之间的连线对称， 且所述第一弧形和第二弧形的开口彼此相对。
优选地， 所述第一弧形的中心角 α为 60度至 100度， 所述第二弧形的 中心角 β为 120度至 200度。
优选地， 该永磁悬浮轴承还包括第二径向永磁体， 该第二径向永磁体与 所述第一径向永磁体相对于所述内圈的中心轴线对称设置，且所述第二径永 磁体的磁极方向与所述第一径向永磁体的磁极方向相反。
优选地， 所述外圈、 所述第一径向永磁体和所述多个轴向永磁体的磁极 方向均为沿轴向方向。
作为本发明的另外一个方面， 提供一种永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构， 该安 装结构包括： 永磁悬浮轴承， 该永磁悬浮轴承为本发明所提供的永磁悬浮轴 承； 辅助轴承， 该辅助轴承与所述永磁悬浮轴承的内圈共轴； 固定轴， 所述 永磁悬浮轴承的所述内圈和所述辅助轴承的内圈固定安装在所述固定轴的 外圆周面上； 和中空的旋转轴， 所述永磁悬浮轴承的所述外圈和所述辅助轴 承的外圈固定安装在该旋转轴的内圆周面上。
优选地， 安装完成后， 所述永磁悬浮轴承的所述第一径向永磁体与所述 永磁悬浮轴承的所述外圈之间的磁性吸引力与作用在所述旋转轴上的载荷 方向相反。
按照本发明所提供的永磁悬浮轴承， 利用作为永磁体的外圈与轴向永磁 体和径向永磁体的磁力作用， 实现对外圈的轴向位置控制和径向位置控制， 更适用于外圈为转子、 内圈为定子的工作环境。 附图说明
图 1为根据本发明一种实施方式的永磁悬浮轴承的立体结构示意图； 图 2为图 1中永磁悬浮轴承的分解示意图
图 3为图 1中永磁悬浮轴承的轴向剖视图；
图 4为图 1中永磁悬浮轴承内圈轴向剖视图；
图 5为图 1中永磁悬浮轴承的第一径向永磁体的立体图；
图 6为图 5中第一径向永磁体的径向截面图；
图 7为图 3的 A-A向视图；
图 8为图 1中永磁悬浮轴承的磁极分布示意图； 和
图 9为根据本发明的永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构的一种实施方式。 具体实施方式
下面参考附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细地描述。
如图 1至图 3所示， 本发明所提供的永磁悬浮轴承包括：
内圈 1 ;
外圈 2， 该外圈 2为永磁体， 所述内圈 1套在所述外圈 2中， 且所述外 圈 2的内径大于所述内圈 1的外径，所述外圈 2沿轴向方向的厚度小于所述 内圈 1沿轴向方向的厚度；
第一径向永磁体 3， 该第一径向永磁体 3固定在所述内圈 1上且沿径向 方向上与所述外圈 2磁力相吸；
多个轴向永磁体 4， 该多个轴向永磁体 4固定在所述内圈 1上并分别位 于所述外圈 2沿轴向方向的两侧，从而使所述外圈 2在沿轴向方向上处于力 平衡状态。
此处， 所述永磁悬浮轴承的外圈 2为永磁体， 工作时， 外圈 2安装在轮 毂中， 内圈 1的内部安装不做旋转运动的轴， 轮毂上的零部件能够随所述外 圈 2 (即转子） 一起转动。 关于永磁悬浮轴承的设置安装将在下文中进行详 细描述。 内圈 1可以由导磁材料制成， 也可以由非导磁材料制成， 外圈 2的内径 大于所述内圈 1的外径， 这样， 内圈 1套在外圈 2中。 由于内圈 1上还固定 安装有第一径向永磁体 3， 该第一径向永磁体 3与外圈 2磁力相吸， 因此， 在外圈 2处于非承载状态时第一径向永磁体 3对外圈 2的吸引力能平衡负载 对外圈 2的一部分或全部作用力。
第一径向永磁体 3可以通过多种方式固定安装到内圈 1上，例如可以在 内圈 1中机加工有缺口， 并将第一径向永磁体 3嵌入该缺口中， 然后利用粘 合剂或填料将第一径向永磁体 3牢固固定。 当然， 第一径向永磁体 3并不限 于上述这种安装方式， 在内圈 1为导磁性材料制成的情况下， 第一径向永磁 体 3也可以固定设置在内圈 1的外圆周面上。 因此， 第一径向永磁体 3与内 圈 1的固定安装方式可以根据具体的应用场合而加以选择， 这将在下文中进 行更为详细地描述。
由于内圈 1与外圈 2之间并没有固定连接方式，永磁悬浮轴承处于负载 状态时， 外圈 2在内圈 1外面悬浮， 外圈 2容易沿轴向方向移动， 内圈 1上 固定安装多个轴向永磁体 4， 并将该多个轴向永磁体 4设置在外圈 2沿轴向 方向的两侧能够使所述外圈 2在沿轴向方向上处于力平衡状态， 确保外圈 2 停留在合适的位置并能防止所述外圈 2沿轴向方向窜动。
轴向永磁体 4可以通过多种方式固定在内圈 1上的合适的位置。 例如， 轴向永磁体 4可以固定到内圈 1的外圆周面上。 再如， 至少一个轴向永磁体 4固定在内圈 1的第一端面 6上且至少一个轴向永磁体 4固定在内圈 1的第 二端面 7上， 从而使外圈 2在轴向方向上实现受力平衡状态。 另外， 轴向永 磁体 4还可以嵌入内圈 1中， 与第一径向永磁体 3类似。
优选地，分别固定在外圈 2的两侧的轴向永磁体 4数量相等且形状相同， 这样能更好维持外圈 2在轴向方向上的力平衡状态。
下面对上述永磁悬浮轴承的原理进行更为详细地描述。 在轴向方向上， 轴向永磁体 4对外圈 2的磁性力可以为斥力或引力， 但 在优选情况下， 轴向永磁体 4对外圈 2的磁性力为斥力， 从而能够确保外圈 2保持与轴向永磁体 4之间具有合适的距离。 由于在轴向方向上， 外圈 2处 于平衡状态， 因此一旦外圈 2偏向内圈 1的的某一端， 则该端上设置的轴向 永磁体 4对该外圈 2的斥力增大， 且另一端上设置的另外的轴向永磁体 4对 该外圈 2的斥力减小， 从而在轴向方向上推动外圈 2又恢复到平衡状态。
优选地， 第一径向永磁体 3与外圈 2之间的吸引力应该足够大， 在外圈 2处于非承载状态下， 第一径向永磁体 3与外圈 2之间沿径向方向的磁性吸 引力能够使外圈 2与内圈 1或第一径向永磁体 3接触， 如图 3所示； 且在外 圈 2处于承载状态下，外圈 2能够在第一径向永磁体 3以及负载的共同作用 下实现在径向方向上的受力平衡， 并能在所述内圈 1外悬浮起来， 以进行自 由转动。
因而，在承载状态下，利用本发明的技术方案能够实现外圈的悬浮状态， 可以由外圈在负载状态下做 （几乎） 没有摩擦的转动。
优选地， 第一径向永磁体 3沿轴向方向的厚度 d3为内圈 1沿轴向方向 的厚度的 1/3至 2/3。 进一步优选地， 第一径向永磁体 3的厚度 d3为内圈 1 沿轴向的厚度的 1/2。
优选地，第一径向永磁体 3沿轴向方向的厚度不小于外圈 2沿轴向方向 的厚度。 进一步优选地， 第一径向永磁体 3沿内圈 1轴向方向的厚度等于外 圈 2沿内圈 1沿轴向方向的厚度。通过使第一径向永磁体 3沿内圈 1轴向方 向的厚度与外圈 2沿轴向方向的厚度相等， 能够使外圈 2获得稳定的磁性吸 引力， 从而有利于确保外圈 2在径向方向和 /或轴向方向处于稳定状态。
通常， 为了安装第一径向永磁体 3， 可以在内圈 1中预先设置有缺口或 槽 13，如图 4所示，然后在装配过程中将第一径向永磁体 3固定安装到该槽 13内即可。 优选地， 槽 13形成在内圈 1上沿轴向方向的中间位置， 从而使得第一 径向永磁体 3位于内圈 1中沿轴向方向的中间位置。 因而， 所述内圈 1的中 心横截面 8将第一径向永磁体 3分为相对于该中心横截面对称的两部分。按 照该结构， 在非承载状态下， 位于内圈 1中沿轴向方向的中间位置的第一径 向永磁体 3在轴向方向上也位于内圈 1内的中间位置。 因此， 利用磁性吸引 力， 第一径向永磁体 3在轴向方向上能够起到对外圈 2定位的作用， 从而在 更大程度上确保外圈 2在轴向方向上处于正确的位置。
除通过设置在内圈 1的上的槽 13将扇环体的第一径向永磁体 3固定在 内圈 1上之外， 还可以通过粘结剂将第一径向永磁体 3牢固地粘结到内圈 1 上，只要满足在对外圈 2施加磁性吸引力的同时，不影响外圈 2的旋转即可。
第一径向永磁体 3的形状并无特别要求， 以能够通过磁性作用力来实现 对外圈 2的位置控制即可。例如，第一径向永磁体 3可以为长方体形、条形、 环形等。
为了便于所述第一径向永磁体 3的安装， 优选地， 第一径向永磁体 3为 扇环体， 在内圈 1的轴向方向上， 扇环体的第一径向永磁体 3具有厚度 d3， 如图 5所示。 优选地， 该扇环体的中心轴线与内圈 1的中心轴线相同， 这样 外圈 2受到第一径向永磁体 3的磁性吸力分布较为均匀。
优选地， 第一径向永磁体 3沿径向方向的宽度 w3与内圈 1沿径向方向 的宽度相同， 且第一径向永磁体 3的外圆周面与内圈 1的外圆周面对齐； 进 一步优选地， 第一径向永磁体 3的外圆周面与内圈 1的外圆周面也对齐。 在 该结构中， 在非承载状态下， 外圈 2能够被吸到第一径向永磁体 3的外圆周 面上， 如图 3和图 7所示。
将扇环体的第一径向永磁体 3装入内圈 1中， 通常采用两种结构方式。 第一种方式如图 1、 图 2、 图 5和图 6中所示的扇环体， 其中， 该扇环 体的第一径向永磁体 3的两个端面 9、 10 (该两个端面也彼此平行） 与内圈 1的中心轴线相平行。 在该结构中， 扇环体的内圆周面的圆周方向的圆弧所 对应的中心角与外圆周面的圆周方向的圆弧所对应的中心角是不同的。
另一种方式如图 7所示， 内圈 1的中心轴线位于扇环体的第一径向永磁 体 3的两个端面 9、 10所在的平面内， 也就是说， 内圈 1的中心轴线为第一 径向永磁体 3的两个端面 9和 10所在平面的交线。 在该结构中， 第一径向 永磁体 3的扇环体的内圆周面的圆周方向的圆弧所对应的中心角与外圆周面 的圆周方向的圆弧所对应的中心角是相同的。
为了使第一径向永磁体 3对外圈 2产生合适的足够的磁性吸引力，优选 地， 所述第一径向永磁体 3的扇环体的内圆周面的圆周方向的圆弧 （如图 6 所示的弧 AB )所对应的中心角（如图 7所示的中心角 α)为 60度至 100度。
进一步优选地，第一径向永磁体 3的扇环体的内圆周面的圆周方向的圆 弧所对应的中心角为 90度。
以上对本发明的永磁悬浮轴承的第一径向永磁体 3的设置及其作用进行 了详细地描述。 下面对轴向永磁体 4进行详细地描述。
如上所述， 轴向永磁体 4的个数为多个。 但优选地， 为了简便轴向永磁 体 4与内圈 1的装配， 轴向永磁体 4可以设计为两个， 其中一个轴向永磁体 4可以位于内圈 1的第一端面 6上， 另一个轴向永磁体 4可以位于内圈 1的 第二端面 7上。但本发明并不限于此， 位于第一端面 6上的轴向永磁体 4可 以为多个， 位于第二端面 7上的轴向永磁体 4也可以为多个， 位于第一端面 6上的轴向永磁体 4的个数与位于第二端面 7上的轴向永磁体 4的个数可以 不同， 只要能够实现外圈 2在轴向方向上处于力平衡状态即可。
分别位于内圈 1的两个端面上的两组轴向永磁体 4作用在外圈 2上的磁 力为斥力 （或引力）， 该一对斥力 （或引力） 在轴向方向上的分力 （如果有 的话）大小相等、 方向相反， 因而在轴向方向上合力为零， 从而能够确保外 圈 2在轴向方向上的稳定。 轴向永磁体 4的几何形状并没有特殊要求， 只要 优选地， 为了使轴向永磁体 4对外圈 2施加理想的作用力， 如斥力， 如 图 3所示， 轴向永磁体 4沿径向方向的宽度 w4大于内圈 1沿径向方向的宽 度， 从而使轴向永磁体 4的外圆周面突出于内圈 1的外圆周面， 以使轴向永 磁体 4与外圈 2的位置更为接近， 以获得理想的磁性斥力。
优选地， 轴向永磁体 4为扇环体， 该扇环体的中心轴线 （即该扇环体的 内或外圆周面所在的圆柱面的中心轴线） 与内圈 1的中心轴线相同。 因而， 轴向永磁体 4的内圆周面、外圆周面以及内圈 1的内圆周面和外圆周面具有 共同的中心轴线， 从而使外圈 2的设置不会影响到外圈 2与负载的连接及其 旋转运动。在这里， 轴向永磁体 4的扇环体与上述第一径向永磁体 3的扇环 体结构类似， 因而不再进行详细地描述。
优选地， 为了便于内圈 1的安装， 轴向永磁体 4的扇环体的内圆周面与 内圈 1的内圆周面对齐， 如图 3所示。
轴向永磁体 4在内圈 1上的安装位置以能对外圈 2起到轴向稳定作用即 可， 没有特殊要求。
而且， 优选地， 轴向永磁体 4与内圈 1同轴， 且该轴向永磁体 4的外半 径小于外圈 2的外半径并大于内圈 1的外半径， 因此便于各个部件的装配。 而且， 一方面在承载状态下， 突出于内圈 1的外圆周面的轴向永磁体 4不会 对外圈 2和位于该外圈 2外部的零件造成干涉。在另一方面， 在非承载状态 下， 能够克服外圈 2所受的磁性力将该外圈 2取出， 以及进行更换作业。 在 轴向永磁体 4的外圆周面与外圈 2的内圆周面齐平的情况中， 这可以通过使 轴向永磁体 4的径向方向的宽度 w4与外圈 2沿径向方向的宽度的差小于外 圈 2的内径与内圈 1的内径的差来实现。
优选地， 轴向永磁体 4沿径向方向的宽度 w4为外圈 2沿径向方向的宽 度的 1.5-2.5倍。 进一步优选地， 轴向永磁体 4沿径向方向的宽度为外圈 2 沿径向方向的宽度的 2倍。 除了上述优点之外， 使轴向永磁体 4的宽度 w4 大于外圈 2的宽度， 既能够实现外圈 2在轴向方向上的受力平衡， 而且， 外 圈 2两侧的两组轴向永磁体 4对外圈 2的斥力在径向方向上也会产生合力， 且该合力有助于使外圈 2承载更大的径向载荷。
优选地， 如图 7所示， 轴向永磁体 4在内圈 1的位置与第一径向永磁体 3在内圈 1上的位置的相对关系为： 在该永磁悬浮轴承轴向方向的正投影视 图中，所述第一径向永磁体 3的内圆周面的投影为第一弧形 11，所述轴向永 磁体 4的内圆周面的投影为第二弧形 12，该第一弧形 11和第二弧形 12相对 于所述第一弧形 11的中点与第二弧形 12的中点之间的连线 L在图 7中左右 对称， 且所述第一弧形 11和第二弧形 12的开口彼此相对。
实际上， 这里的第一径向永磁体 3的内圆周面所投影的第一弧形 11即 为上述第一径向永磁体 3的 "扇环体的内圆周面的圆周方向的圆弧"。
优选地， 第一弧形 11的中心角 α为 60度至 100度， 进一步优选地， 为 90度。按照该结构，第一径向永磁体 3对外圈 2的磁性吸力的方向主要沿向 量 OC方向 （在图 7中向下）， 而轴向永磁体 4对外圈 2的斥力在轴向方向 上的合力可以为零，轴向永磁体 4对外圈 2的斥力在径向方向上的合力将主 要沿向量 DC方向。 也就是说， 位于外圈 2轴向方向两侧的轴向永磁体 4对 外圈 2的斥力在径向方向上的合力的方向与第一径向永磁体 3对外圈 2的磁 性吸力的方向相同， 从而在径向方向上起到辅助第一径向永磁体 3的作用。
在该情况下， 如果外圈 2上负有载荷， 该载荷可以利用轴向永磁体 4对 外圈 2的斥力在径向方向上的合力以及第一径向永磁体 3对外圈 2的磁性吸 力一同来支撑， 同时还能够克服外圈 2自身的重力， 从而使本发明提供的永 磁悬浮轴承能够适用于承载状态的工作条件中。
优选地， 第二弧形 12的中心角 （图 7中所示的中心角 β ) 为 120度至 200度。进一步优选地， 第二弧形 12的中心角为 160度至 180度， 从而能够 使外圈 2在轴向方向上获得更为稳定的平衡状态。
为了进一步提高本发明的永磁悬浮轴承的承载能力， 优选地， 所述永磁 悬浮轴承还包括第二径向永磁体 （未显示）， 该第二径向永磁体固定安装在 所述内圈 1上 （如嵌入所述内圈 1 内）， 且该第二径向永磁体与第一径向永 磁体 3相对于内圈 1的中心轴线对称设置， 该第二径向永磁体与第一径向永 磁体 3的磁极方向相反。
由于第二径向永磁体与第一径向永磁体 3 相对于内圈 1 的中心轴线对 称， 且该第二径向永磁体与第一径向永磁体 3的磁极方向相反， 因此第二径 向永磁体与外圈 2为磁力相斥， 因而， 该第二径向永磁体对外圈 2的磁性斥 力的合力方向与第一径向永磁体 3对外圈 2的磁性吸力的合力方向相同， 从 而能够允许外圈 2承载更大的载荷。
优选地， 内圈 1可以由导磁性材料制成。 利用该导磁性材料制成的内圈 1， 能够使外圈 2与径向永磁体 3和轴向永磁体 4之间的磁性作用力更大， 从而使外圈 2在轴向方向上更为稳固， 在径向方向上能够承载更大的载荷。
如上所述， 第一径向永磁体 3与外圈 2之间磁性相吸， 外圈 2与轴向永 磁体 4为相斥 （或相吸）， 以实现外圈 2在承载状态下的悬浮状态， 这可以 通过各个磁体的磁极的设置来实现。
优选地， 外圈 2、 第一径向永磁体 3和多个轴向永磁体 4的磁极方向均 为沿轴向方向， 且外圈 2的磁极方向与第一径向永磁体 3的磁极方向相反。
具体来说， 以图 3和图 8中的方位为例进行描述。 在轴向方向上， 外圈 2的左端为 N极， 右端为 S极； 第一径向永磁体 3的左端为 S极， 右端为 N 极； 对于外圈 2左侧的轴向永磁体 4来说， 左端为 S极， 右端为 N极； 对于 外圈 2右侧的轴向永磁体 4来说， 左端为 S极， 右端为 N极。 当然， 将图 8 中各个磁体的 N极和 S极反转 （即将图 8中的 N极设为 S极， 将图 8中的 S极设为 N极） 也是完全可行的。 由于所述各个磁体的磁极方向为沿轴向方向， 因此， 一方面能够方便各 个磁体的设置， 另一方面， 更为重要的是， 通过使各个磁极的磁极方向设置 为沿轴向方向， 能够使对应的不同磁体（如磁性相互吸引的磁体）形成闭合 的磁场回路，从而不会出现退磁现象，能够更为长久地使磁场状态保持稳定。
针对不同的应用场合， 可以选择能够产生不同的磁场强度的永磁体、 第 一 （第二） 径向永磁体和轴向永磁体。
此外， 相对于传统的永磁悬浮轴承而言， 本发明所提供的永磁悬浮轴承 中， 轴向永磁体 4与内圈 1固定在一起 （如通过粘合剂粘结在一起）， 第一 径向永磁体 3与内圈 1固定在一起， 因此除了外圈 2之外， 其余的部件固定 连接为整体。 因此， 本发明的永磁悬浮轴承为集成式的， 结构非常紧凑， 装 配过程也相对较为简便。
本发明所述的永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构可以包括固定轴、中空的旋转轴 以及本发明所述的永磁悬浮轴承。
在内圈为定子外圈为转子的工作场合中， 所述固定轴固定不动， 所述中 空的旋转轴绕固定轴的中心轴线旋转。 例如， 所述固定轴为机架、 所述中空 的旋转轴为轮毂。将永磁悬浮轴承的内圈 1固定安装在所述固定轴的外圆周 面上。 永磁悬浮轴承的外圈 2固定安装在所述中空的旋转轴的内圆周面上， 中空的旋转轴旋转时带动外圈 2—同旋转。
由于外圈 2在内圈 1外悬浮， 所以外圈 2与内圈 1之间无摩擦， 从而不 会降低中空的旋转轴的转速， 提高中空的旋转轴的工作效率。
作为本发明的另一方面， 提供一种永磁悬浮轴承的优选安装结构， 如图 9所示， 该安装结构包括：
永磁悬浮轴承， 该永磁悬浮轴承为本发明所提供的上述永磁悬浮轴承； 辅助轴承 8， 该辅助轴承 8与永磁悬浮轴承的内圈 1共轴； 固定轴 14， 永磁 悬浮轴承的内圈 1和辅助轴承 8的内圈固定安装在固定轴 14的外圆周面上； 和中空的旋转轴 15，永磁悬浮轴承的外圈 2和辅助轴承 8的外圈固定安装在 该旋转轴 15的内圆周面上。
由于在工作时， 永磁悬浮轴承外圈 2在内圈 1外悬浮， 外圈 2与内圈 1 之间并无支撑连接结构， 因此， 在安装永磁悬浮轴承时， 优选地， 在固定轴 14上套装辅助轴承 8， 该辅助轴承 8与永磁悬浮轴承的内圈 1共轴。
此处的固定轴 14可以是直径处处相等的普通圆轴， 也可以是阶梯轴。 当固定轴 14为直径处处相等的普通圆轴时， 辅助轴承 8的内圈内径与永磁 悬浮轴承的内圈 1的内径相同； 当固定轴 14为阶梯轴时， 辅助轴承 8的内 圈的内径为该内圈安装处的固定轴 14的直径， 而不等于永磁悬浮轴承的内 圈 1的内径。
同样， 中空的旋转轴 15 的内径可以处处相等， 也可以呈阶梯变化， 可 根据中空的旋转轴 15的具体结构选择辅助轴承 8的外圈外径。
在本发明所述的永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构中， 对固定轴 14、 辅助轴承 8 以及中空的旋转轴 15的具体结构没有特殊要求， 只要能实现辅助轴承 8与 永磁悬浮轴承的内圈 1共轴，辅助轴承 8的外圈与永磁悬浮轴承的外圈 2同 时固定在旋转轴 15的内表面上即可。
由于永磁悬浮轴承的内圈 1和外圈 2之间并无支撑或连接， 当该永磁悬 浮轴承处于负载状态时， 外圈 2在内圈 1外部悬浮。 当中空的旋转轴 15旋 转时， 外圈 2随之旋转。 在固定轴 14上安装与内圈 1共轴的辅助轴承 8可 对永磁悬浮轴承的外圈 2起到对心的作用， gp， 在永磁悬浮轴承的外圈 2处 于旋转状态时， 该外圈 2、 永磁悬浮轴承的内圈 1、 辅助轴承 8、 旋转轴 15 以及固定轴 14轴线重合， 从而使得高速旋转状态下的外圈 2更加稳定。
此外， 在旋转轴 15运转时， 大部分载荷都由永磁悬浮轴承承担， 辅助 轴承 8所承担的载荷很小，从而使得辅助轴承 8内部的摩擦力也很小，因此， 几乎不会对旋转轴 15的旋转产生影响。 优选地， 安装完成后， 永磁悬浮轴承的第一径向永磁体 3与永磁悬浮轴 承的外圈 2之间的磁性吸引力与旋转轴 15上承载的载荷 F方向相反。这样， 在旋转轴 15旋转时， 以及外圈 2 自身的重力与第一径向永磁体 3对外圈 2 的磁性吸引力相平衡， 从而使外圈 2能在内圈 1外悬浮， 并做与内圈 1几乎 没有摩擦的旋转， 有利于套在永磁悬浮轴承的外圈 2外部的旋转轴 15的旋 转， 提高旋转轴 15的工作效率。
在图 9中所示的永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构中，只在永磁悬浮轴承的一侧 安装了辅助轴承 8， 然而， 本发明所述的永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构并不限于 此， 还可以在永磁悬浮轴承的两侧分别安装辅助轴承 8。 而辅助轴承 8的形 式也可以是多样的， 例如可以是图 9中所示的滚动轴承， 也可以是其他形式 的轴承， 只要能对永磁悬浮轴承起到对心作用即可。
本发明提供的永磁悬浮轴承外圈为永磁体， 能够在内圈外悬浮， 更加适 用于外圈为转子、 内圈为定子的工作场合。
本发明提供的永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构采用了辅助轴承，在永磁悬浮轴 承的外圈沿径向方向移动时对永磁悬浮轴承起到辅助支撑的作用，更利于永 磁悬浮轴承的稳定运转。
以上对本发明所提供的永磁悬浮轴承进行了详细地描述。虽然本发明已 通过上述实施例所公开， 然而上述实施例并非用以限定本发明， 任何本发明 所属技术领域中的技术人员， 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内， 应当可作各 种更动与修改。因此本发明的保护范围应当以所附权利要求书所界定的范围 为准。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 该永磁悬浮轴承包括：
内圈 （1);
外圈 （2)， 该外圈 （2) 为永磁体， 所述内圈 （1) 套在所述外圈 （2) 中， 且所述外圈 （2) 的内径大于所述内圈 （1) 的外径， 所述外圈 （2) 沿 轴向方向的厚度小于所述内圈 （1) 沿轴向方向的厚度；
第一径向永磁体 （3)， 该第一径向永磁体 （3) 固定在所述内圈 （1) 上 且沿径向方向上与所述外圈 （2) 磁力相吸；
多个轴向永磁体 （4)， 该多个轴向永磁体 （4) 固定在所述内圈 （1) 上 并分别位于所述外圈 （2) 沿轴向方向的两侧， 从而使所述外圈 （2)在沿轴 向方向上处于力平衡状态。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 在所述外圈（2) 处于非承载状态下， 所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 与所述外圈 （2) 之间沿径向 方向的磁性吸引力使所述外圈 （2) 与所述内圈 （1)或所述第一径向永磁体
(3) 接触；
在所述外圈 （2) 处于承载状态下， 所述外圈 （2) 在所述内圈 （1) 外 悬浮起来， 以进行自由转动。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 所述第一径向 永磁体 （3) 沿所述内圈 （1) 轴向方向的厚度不小于所述外圈 （2) 沿所述 内圈 （1) 轴向方向的厚度， 且所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 沿所述内圈 （1) 轴向方向的厚度为所述内圈 （1) 沿轴向方向的厚度的 1/3至 2/3。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3 中任意一项所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 所述内圈 （1) 具有槽 （13)， 所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 固定安装在所述槽 (13) 内。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 所述槽 （13) 形成在所述内圈 （1) 的沿轴向方向的中心位置。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 所述第一径向 永磁体 （3) 为扇环体， 该扇环体的中心轴线与所述内圈 （1) 的中心轴线相 同， 且所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 的外圆周面与所述内圈 （1) 的外圆周面对 齐。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 所述轴向永磁 体 （4) 为与所述内圈 （1) 同轴的扇环体， 所述轴向永磁体 （4) 的外半径 小于所述外圈 （2) 的外半径并大于所述内圈 （1) 的外半径。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 所述轴向永磁 体 （4) 沿径向方向的宽度为所述外圈 （2) 沿径向方向的宽度的 1.5-2.5倍。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 在该永磁悬浮 轴承轴向方向的正投影视图中， 所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 的内圆周面的投 影为第一弧形（11)，所述轴向永磁体 (4)的内圆周面的投影为第二弧形（12)， 该第一弧形 （11) 和第二弧形 （12) 均相对于所述第一弧形 （11) 的中点与 第二弧形 （12) 的中点之间的连线对称， 且所述第一弧形 （11) 和第二弧形 (12) 的开口彼此相对。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 所述第一弧形 (11) 的中心角 α为 60度至 100度， 所述第二弧形（12)的中心角 β为 120 度至 200度。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的永磁悬浮轴承， 其特征在于， 该永磁悬浮轴 承还包括第二径向永磁体， 该第二径向永磁体与所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 相对于所述内圈 （1) 的中心轴线对称设置， 且所述第二径向永磁体与所述 第一径向永磁体 （3) 的磁极方向相反。
12、根据权利要求 1-3中的任意一项所述的永磁悬浮轴承，其特征在于， 所述外圈 （2)、 所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 和所述轴向永磁体 （4) 的磁极方 向均为沿轴向方向。
13、 一种永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构， 其特征在于， 该安装结构包括： 永磁悬浮轴承， 该永磁悬浮轴承为权利要求 1-12 中任意一项所述的永 磁悬浮轴承；
辅助轴承（8)， 该辅助轴承（8)与所述永磁悬浮轴承的内圈（1)共轴； 固定轴 （14)， 所述永磁悬浮轴承的所述内圈 （1) 和所述辅助轴承 （8) 的内圈固定安装在所述固定轴 （14) 的外圆周面上； 和
中空的旋转轴 （15)， 所述永磁悬浮轴承的所述外圈 （2)和所述辅助轴 承 （8) 的外圈固定安装在该旋转轴 （15) 的内圆周面上。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的永磁悬浮轴承的安装结构， 其特征在于， 安装完成后， 所述永磁悬浮轴承的所述第一径向永磁体 （3) 与所述永磁悬 浮轴承的所述外圈 （2) 之间的磁性吸引力与作用在所述旋转轴 （15) 上的 载荷方向相反。
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