WO2012090485A1 - 冷媒放熱器 - Google Patents
冷媒放熱器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012090485A1 WO2012090485A1 PCT/JP2011/007297 JP2011007297W WO2012090485A1 WO 2012090485 A1 WO2012090485 A1 WO 2012090485A1 JP 2011007297 W JP2011007297 W JP 2011007297W WO 2012090485 A1 WO2012090485 A1 WO 2012090485A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- air
- tube
- radiator
- tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/04—Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0409—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D2001/0253—Particular components
- F28D2001/026—Cores
- F28D2001/0266—Particular core assemblies, e.g. having different orientations or having different geometric features
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerant radiator that radiates a refrigerant in a vapor compression refrigerant cycle.
- the refrigerant radiator of Patent Document 1 is applied to a vehicle air conditioner, and exchanges heat between a compressor discharge refrigerant and vehicle interior blown air that is blown into a vehicle interior that is an air conditioning target space. It functions as a heating unit that heats the air.
- this refrigerant radiator has a heat exchange region disposed on the windward side in the flow direction of the blown air and a heat exchange region disposed on the leeward side.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor Is circulated from one end side to the other end side, and the leeward heat exchange region outflow refrigerant is circulated from the other end side to the one end side in the heat exchange region on the windward side.
- the heat exchange performance of the leeward heat exchange region is lowered than the heat exchange performance of the leeward heat exchange region.
- the refrigerant dissipates heat in the supercritical state by the refrigerant radiator, so that the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant radiator dissipates heat while decreasing the temperature with a substantially constant gradient. Therefore, as in Patent Document 1, the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchange area on the leeward side and the heat exchange area on the leeward side are opposed to each other, and the temperature rapidly decreases immediately after the refrigerant flows into the heat exchange area on the leeward side. By suppressing this, the temperature difference of the blown air can be reduced.
- the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant radiator is a gas-phase refrigerant or a liquid-phase refrigerant
- the refrigerant dissipates heat while reducing its temperature (that is, temperature and enthalpy).
- it when it is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, it dissipates heat without lowering its temperature (that is, only enthalpy is reduced).
- the refrigerant when viewed from the flow direction of the blown air, the refrigerant is in a gas phase state or in a liquid phase in one heat exchange region where the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state and the other heat exchange region. If the heat exchange region in the state is polymerized in the air flow direction, the temperature distribution of the blown air blown out from the refrigerant radiator may not be sufficiently suppressed.
- the present invention provides a refrigerant radiator in which the refrigerant flowing through the inside thereof changes into a gas phase state, a gas-liquid two-phase state, and a liquid phase state.
- the purpose is to reduce the temperature difference.
- the disclosure relating to the present invention has been devised based on the knowledge obtained by the inventors' examination examination described below.
- the inventor of the present application is a refrigerant radiator of a subcritical refrigerant cycle applied to a vehicle air conditioner, and a temperature distribution of blown air blown out from a refrigerant radiator functioning as a heating unit similar to Patent Document 1. Was examined.
- the air blown in the heat exchanger region on the driver seat side of the refrigerant radiator is mainly blown out to the driver seat side, and the passenger seat side
- the blown air heated in the heat exchange area is blown mainly to the passenger seat side. Therefore, if the temperature difference in the horizontal direction of the blown air is reduced, the temperature difference between the blown air blown to the driver seat side and the blown air blown to the passenger seat side can be reduced.
- the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant radiator applied to this subcritical refrigerant cycle is a gas-phase refrigerant having a superheat degree from the inlet side to the outlet side of the refrigerant radiator ⁇ gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant ⁇ supercooling
- the phase changes in the order of the liquid phase refrigerant having a degree to increase its density.
- the mass flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant radiator is constant, so that the refrigerant decreases the flow rate with the phase change.
- the present inventor as the refrigerant radiator, is an all-pass type tank and tube heat exchanger having the same configuration as the refrigerant radiator described in FIGS. 3A and 3B of the first embodiment described later.
- a refrigerant radiator was arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the tube was at least a direction having a component in the vertical direction, and the temperature distribution of the blown air was examined.
- the direction having at least a component in the vertical direction means that the extending direction of the tube extends in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction or at an angle with respect to the horizontal direction.
- the reason for arranging the tubes in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the tubes has a vertical component is that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor flows into all the tubes from the header tank for refrigerant distribution. This is because although the temperature distribution of the blown air can occur, the temperature difference of the blown air in the horizontal direction can be suppressed.
- the distribution header tank provided with the refrigerant inlet is arranged on the lower side, and the collecting header tank provided with the refrigerant outlet is arranged on the upper side.
- the present inventor changes the refrigerant flow rate Gr circulating through the refrigerant cycle to which the refrigerant radiator is applied (that is, the refrigerant flow rate (kg / h) flowing through the refrigerant radiator).
- the refrigerant flow rate (kg / h) flowing through the refrigerant radiator The heat dissipation performance of the refrigerant heatsink was confirmed.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing changes in the heat dissipation performance with respect to changes in the refrigerant flow rate Gr and the blown air flow rate Va (m 3 / h).
- the scale of the refrigerant flow rate Gr and the scale of the blown air flow rate Va shown on the horizontal axis in FIG. 8 represent the flow rate at which the amount of heat released from the refrigerant and the amount of heat absorbed by the blown air are balanced in this refrigerant radiator.
- the relationship between Va can be approximated by Equation 1 shown below.
- the inclination angle ⁇ (unit: degree) formed by the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing in the tube and the horizontal direction is 90 °, 60 °, 30
- the definition of the inclination angle ⁇ is as described in detail in the embodiments described later.
- the present inventor investigated the temperature distribution of the blown air blown from the refrigerant radiator when the refrigerant flow rate Gr was changed as shown in FIG. .
- the heat exchange area of the refrigerant radiator is divided into 16 areas, the average temperature of the blown air blown out for each area is obtained, and further, heat exchange on one side in the horizontal direction (right side of the paper)
- the temperature difference between the average temperature of the eight regions and the average temperature of the eight regions of the heat exchange region on the other side in the horizontal direction (left side of the paper) is defined as a left-right average temperature difference ⁇ T.
- the left-right average temperature difference ⁇ T can be used as an index representing the temperature distribution in the horizontal direction of the blown air.
- the blown air flow rate Va, the refrigerant flow rate Gr, the superheat degree SH of the refrigerant at the refrigerant inlet of the refrigerant radiator 12, and the refrigerant outlet of the refrigerant radiator 12 are indicated only by the signs Va, Gr, SH, SC, and Tain, respectively.
- the heat exchange region is a region having a relatively low temperature (the broken line in the heat exchange region in the example (b) and the example (c) in FIG. 9).
- the generation point of the region having a relatively low temperature in the heat exchange region (enclosed by the broken line in the heat exchange region in the example (d) of FIG. 9) (Substantially the center and the left side of the page) increase to a plurality of locations.
- the inventor conducted further studies, and the reason for the occurrence of a relatively low temperature region among the heat exchange regions of the refrigerant radiator is due to the difference in the degree of condensation of the refrigerant flowing through each tube. I found out.
- the refrigerant flowing through the tube is more easily condensed than the refrigerant flowing through the tube constituting another heat exchange region.
- the refrigerant pressure difference between the tube inlet and outlet becomes smaller as the refrigerant flow rate Gr decreases, the flow rate of the condensed refrigerant further decreases, and the condensed refrigerant hardly flows out of the tube.
- the condensed refrigerant adheres to the wall surface of the refrigerant passage and stays in the tube, the area of the refrigerant passage in the tube constituting the specific heat exchange region becomes narrower than the tube constituting the other region.
- the pressure loss of the tube to which the refrigerant is attached increases.
- the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor is less likely to flow into the tubes constituting the specific heat exchange region than the tubes constituting the other regions, and the heat exchange region (hereinafter referred to as a relatively low temperature) , Referred to as a low temperature region).
- the present inventor examined the pressure loss of the tube constituting the low temperature region, and the increase in the pressure loss of the tube constituting the low temperature region is due to the condensed refrigerant staying in the tube. Therefore, in addition to the flow velocity U of the refrigerant, which is an energy source for extruding the refrigerant, (1) Increase in pressure loss due to increase in viscosity ⁇ due to condensation of refrigerant (2) Need to consider decrease in pressure loss due to decrease in density ⁇ due to condensation of refrigerant I focused on it. Furthermore, in the refrigerant radiator where the refrigerant flows in the tube from below to above, (3) It has been noted that it is also necessary to consider the increase in pressure loss converted to gravity acting on the condensed refrigerant.
- the pressure of the tube 121 constituting the low temperature region is considered. It is possible to suppress the heat exchange region having a relatively low temperature from being formed with the loss equivalent to the pressure loss of the tubes constituting the other regions.
- the present inventor uses the Reynolds number Re and the inclination angle ⁇ defined as the ratio of the inertia force and the viscosity force using the flow velocity U, the viscosity ⁇ , and the density ⁇ of the refrigerant, An arrangement condition of the refrigerant radiator that can suppress the formation of a heat exchange region having a low temperature is obtained by simulation calculation, and the result is calculated as an approximate expression.
- the average flow velocity of the refrigerant flowing through the tube is used as the refrigerant flow velocity U.
- the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant radiator is a gas phase refrigerant having a pressure of 2 MPa and a superheat of 45 ° C., and the air flowing into the refrigerant radiator is 20 ° C. with a flow rate of 200 m 3 / h.
- the viscosity mu m of gas-liquid two-phase fluid which is required for obtaining the increase in the pressure loss of the above equation (1) is determined using the equation of Taylor shown in Equation 2 below.
- Equation 3 the void ratio ⁇ g of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid required for the Taylor equation is obtained using the LEVY equation (LEVY momentum minimum model) shown in Equation 3 below.
- the low temperature region is configured by using the arrangement condition shown in the following Expression 4. It has been found that the pressure loss of the tubes that make up the other regions is equivalent to the pressure loss of the tubes that make it possible to suppress the formation of a relatively low temperature region in the heat exchange region.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant applied to the vapor compression refrigerant cycle and compressed by the compressor and the blown air blown into the air-conditioning target space are heated.
- a refrigerant radiator that exchanges and dissipates a gas-phase refrigerant having a superheat degree until it becomes a liquid-phase refrigerant having a supercooling degree, a plurality of tubes through which the refrigerant flows from above to below, and a plurality of tubes
- a first header that is connected to the end and distributes the refrigerant flowing into at least some of the plurality of tubes, and is connected to an end of the plurality of tubes, and at least some of the plurality of tubes
- a second header for collecting the refrigerant flowing out from the tank.
- the refrigerant radiator used in the region where 62.42 ⁇ Re ⁇ 1234 where the refrigerant flow circulating in the tube is forced convection is converted to gravity acting on the condensed refrigerant. It is desirable to use a refrigerant evaporator that circulates in the tube from the upper side to the lower side without considering the increased pressure loss.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant that is applied to the vapor compression refrigerant cycle and compressed by the compressor that compresses and discharges the refrigerant and the blown air that is blown into the air-conditioning target space are heated.
- a refrigerant radiator that exchanges heat and dissipates a gas-phase refrigerant having a superheat degree until it becomes a liquid-phase refrigerant having a supercooling degree, and includes a plurality of tubes through which the refrigerant flows, and the tubes are perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
- the inclination angle formed between the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing in the tube and the horizontal direction is ⁇ (°), and flows in the tube.
- the dryness of the refrigerant at a predetermined location where the refrigerant is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is X
- the Reynolds number of the refrigerant at the predetermined location obtained from the average flow velocity (m / S) of the refrigerant flowing in the tube is Re.
- the inclination angle ( ⁇ ) is 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° as the flow
- the refrigerant radiator in which the inclination angle ( ⁇ ) is 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 °, that is, the refrigerant flows in the tube from below to above, even if the refrigerant flowing in the tube undergoes a phase change, the refrigerant
- the refrigerant In consideration of parameters such as the flow velocity, viscosity, density, and inclination angle ( ⁇ ), non-uniformity in the pressure loss of the refrigerant in each tube can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the formation of a heat exchange region having a relatively low temperature among the heat exchange regions of the refrigerant radiator.
- any location can be adopted as long as the coolant circulating in the tube is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the Reynolds number (Re) is calculated using this dryness (X).
- the tube extends in a direction having a vertical component does not mean that the entire region of the tube extends in the vertical direction, but a part of the tube extends in the vertical direction. It means to include.
- the refrigerant radiator according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure may include a header tank that extends in the stacking direction of the plurality of tubes and is disposed on at least one end side of the plurality of tubes to collect or distribute the refrigerant.
- each tube depends on the position of the refrigerant inlet or outlet provided in the header tank. Changes in the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the air easily occur, and the temperature distribution of the blown air tends to occur. Therefore, it is extremely effective to apply the arrangement condition that can reduce the temperature difference of the blown air to the refrigerant radiator having such a configuration.
- the plurality of tubes are provided with a first tube group in which the refrigerant flows from the lower side to the upper side and a second tube group in which the refrigerant flows from the upper side to the lower side. May be.
- the internal space of the header tank is divided into a plurality of spaces, and a refrigerant inlet for allowing the gas-phase refrigerant to flow into the divided one space.
- the other space may be provided with a refrigerant outlet through which the liquid phase refrigerant flows out.
- a plurality of tubes may be arranged along the flow direction of the blown air.
- one of the heat exchange regions on the windward side and the leeward side is set as a region where a refrigerant having a superheat degree flows (superheat degree region), and the other is a region where a refrigerant having a supercooling degree flows (supercooling degree).
- the superheat degree region and the supercooling degree region can be polymerized when viewed from the flow direction of the blown air, and the temperature difference of the blown air in the vertical direction can be reduced.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing through the plurality of tubes may be the same.
- the refrigerant cycle is applied to a vehicle air conditioner, and the air-conditioning target space may be a vehicle interior.
- the temperature difference in the horizontal direction of the blown air can be reduced, and the temperature difference between the blown air blown to the driver seat side and the blown air blown to the passenger seat side can be reduced.
- (A) is a front view of the refrigerant
- (b) is a side view of (a).
- (A) is a front view of the refrigerant radiator of 3rd Embodiment,
- (b) is a side view of (a).
- (A) is a front view of the refrigerant radiator of 4th Embodiment,
- (b) is a side view of (a).
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the vehicle air conditioner 1 can be applied not only to a normal engine vehicle that obtains a driving force for driving from an engine (internal combustion engine) but also to various vehicles such as a hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle.
- the heat pump cycle 10 fulfills the function of heating or cooling the vehicle interior air blown into the vehicle interior, which is the air conditioning target space, in the vehicle air conditioner 1. Therefore, the heat pump cycle 10 switches the refrigerant flow path, heats the vehicle interior blown air that is a heat exchange target fluid to heat the vehicle interior, and heats the vehicle interior blown air.
- a cooling operation (cooling operation) for cooling the room can be executed.
- an HFC-based refrigerant (specifically, R134a) is adopted as the refrigerant, and a subcritical refrigerant cycle in which the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure does not exceed the critical pressure of the refrigerant is configured.
- an HFO refrigerant (specifically, R1234yf) or the like may be adopted as long as it is a refrigerant constituting a subcritical refrigerant cycle.
- the refrigerant is mixed with refrigerating machine oil for lubricating the compressor 11, and a part of the refrigerating machine oil circulates in the cycle together with the refrigerant.
- the compressor 11 is disposed in the engine room, sucks the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle 10 and compresses and discharges the refrigerant.
- a fixed capacity compressor 11a having a fixed discharge capacity is fixed by the electric motor 11b. It is an electric compressor to drive.
- various compression mechanisms such as a scroll compression mechanism and a vane compression mechanism can be employed as the fixed capacity compressor 11a.
- the electric motor 11b has its operation (the number of rotations) controlled by a control signal output from an air conditioning control device, which will be described later, and may employ either an AC motor or a DC motor. And the refrigerant
- the refrigerant outlet side of the compressor 11 is connected to the refrigerant inlet side of the refrigerant radiator 12.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 is disposed in a casing 31 of an indoor air conditioning unit 30 of the vehicle air conditioner 1 described later, and is blown into the vehicle interior after passing through a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 and a refrigerant evaporator 20 described later. It is a heat exchanger for heating that exchanges heat with air.
- the detailed configuration of the refrigerant radiator 12 and the indoor air conditioning unit 30 will be described later.
- the refrigerant outlet 12 of the refrigerant radiator 12 is connected to a heating fixed throttle 13 as a heating operation decompression section that decompresses and expands the refrigerant that has flowed out of the refrigerant radiator 12 during the heating operation.
- a heating fixed throttle 13 As the heating fixed throttle 13, an orifice, a capillary tube or the like can be adopted.
- the refrigerant inlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is connected to the outlet side of the heating fixed throttle 13.
- a fixed throttle bypass passage 14 is connected to the refrigerant outlet side of the refrigerant radiator 12 to guide the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant radiator 12 to the outdoor heat exchanger 16 side by bypassing the heating fixed throttle 13. Yes.
- the fixed throttle bypass passage 14 is provided with an on-off valve 15a for opening and closing the fixed throttle bypass passage 14.
- the on-off valve 15a is an electromagnetic valve whose opening / closing operation is controlled by a control voltage output from the air conditioning control device.
- the pressure loss that occurs when the refrigerant passes through the on-off valve 15a is extremely small with respect to the pressure loss that occurs when the refrigerant passes through the heating fixed throttle 13. Accordingly, the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant radiator 12 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 via the fixed throttle bypass passage 14 side when the on-off valve 15a is open, and when the on-off valve 15a is closed. Flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 through the heating fixed throttle 13.
- the on-off valve 15a can switch the refrigerant flow path of the heat pump cycle 10. Accordingly, the on-off valve 15a of the present embodiment functions as a refrigerant flow path switching unit.
- a refrigerant flow switching unit a refrigerant circuit connecting the refrigerant radiator 12 outlet side and the heating fixed throttle 13 inlet side, the refrigerant radiator 12 outlet side, and the fixed throttle bypass passage 14 inlet side, An electric three-way valve or the like that switches the refrigerant circuit that connects the two may be employed.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 16 exchanges heat between the low-pressure refrigerant circulating inside and the outside air blown from the blower fan 17.
- This outdoor heat exchanger 16 is disposed in the engine room and functions as an evaporator that evaporates the low-pressure refrigerant and exerts an endothermic effect during heating operation, and functions as a radiator that radiates the high-pressure refrigerant during cooling operation. Heat exchanger.
- the blower fan 17 is an electric blower in which the operating rate, that is, the rotation speed (the amount of blown air) is controlled by a control voltage output from the air conditioning control device.
- An electrical three-way valve 15 b is connected to the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16. The operation of the three-way valve 15b is controlled by a control voltage output from the air-conditioning control device, and constitutes a refrigerant flow path switching unit together with the on-off valve 15a described above.
- the three-way valve 15b switches to a refrigerant flow path that connects an outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and an inlet side of an accumulator 18 described later during heating operation, and the outdoor heat exchanger 16 during cooling operation. Is switched to a refrigerant flow path connecting the outlet side of the cooling and the inlet side of the cooling fixed throttle 19.
- the cooling fixed throttle 19 is a pressure reducing unit for cooling operation that decompresses and expands the refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 during the cooling operation, and the basic configuration thereof is the same as that of the heating fixed throttle 13.
- a refrigerant inlet side of a refrigerant evaporator 20 as an indoor evaporator is connected to the outlet side of the cooling fixed throttle 19.
- the refrigerant evaporator 20 is disposed in the casing 31 of the indoor air-conditioning unit 30 on the upstream side of the air flow from the refrigerant radiator 12, and exchanges heat between the refrigerant circulating in the interior and the air blown into the vehicle interior. It is a heat exchanger for cooling which cools vehicle interior blowing air.
- the inlet side of the accumulator 18 is connected to the refrigerant outlet side of the refrigerant evaporator 20.
- the accumulator 18 is a gas-liquid separator for a low-pressure side refrigerant that separates the gas-liquid refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 18 and stores excess refrigerant in the cycle.
- the suction side of the compressor 11 is connected to the gas-phase refrigerant outlet of the accumulator 18. Accordingly, the accumulator 18 functions to prevent the compressor 11 from being compressed by suppressing the suction of the liquid phase refrigerant into the compressor 11.
- FIG. 3A is a front view of the refrigerant radiator 12
- FIG. 3B is a schematic side view of FIG. 3A.
- illustration of an inlet side connector 122a and an outlet side connector 123a described later is omitted.
- the up and down arrows in FIG. 3A indicate the up and down directions in a state where the refrigerant radiator 12 is mounted in the casing 31 of the indoor air conditioning unit 30.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 includes a plurality of tubes 121 through which the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows, and the lengths of the plurality of tubes 121.
- a pair of header tanks 122, 123, etc. that are arranged at both ends of the direction and circulate or distribute the refrigerant flowing through the tubes 121, and the flow directions of the refrigerant flowing through the tubes 121 are all the same so-called all It is configured as a pass-type multiflow heat exchanger.
- the tube 121 is a flat tube that is formed of a metal (for example, an aluminum alloy) having excellent heat conductivity, and has a flat cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing inside. Furthermore, the flat surface (flat surface) formed in the outer surface is arrange
- the tube 121 is a tube 121 in which a refrigerant channel having an equivalent circular diameter de (4 ⁇ channel cross-sectional area ⁇ wet side length of channel) of 0.5 to 1.5 mm is formed. desirable.
- the plurality of tubes 121 are stacked in the horizontal direction so that the flat surfaces of the respective tubes 121 are parallel to each other, and the air in which the vehicle interior blown air circulates between the adjacent tubes 121.
- a passage is formed.
- fins 124 that promote heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air blown into the passenger compartment are arranged between the adjacent tubes 121.
- the fins 124 are corrugated fins formed by bending a thin plate material of the same material as the tube 121 into a wave shape, and the tops thereof are brazed and joined to the flat surface of the tube 121.
- FIG. 3A only a part of the fins 124 is shown for simplification of illustration, but the fins 124 are arranged over substantially the entire area between the adjacent tubes 121.
- the header tanks 122 and 123 are cylindrical members formed in a shape extending in the stacking direction of the plurality of tubes 121 (in this embodiment, the horizontal direction). Furthermore, in the present embodiment, in a state where the refrigerant radiator 12 is mounted in the casing 31 of the indoor air conditioning unit 30, the lower header tank is used as the refrigerant distribution header tank 122, and the upper header tank is used as the refrigerant assembly. It is used as a header tank 123 for use.
- Each of the header tanks 122 and 123 is configured as a divided type header tank, formed of the same material as the tube 121, and a plate member to which the longitudinal ends of the respective tubes 121 are brazed and joined, It has the tank member combined with this plate member, and is formed in the cylinder shape.
- the header tanks 122 and 123 may be formed of a tubular member or the like.
- a refrigerant inlet port that functions as a connecting portion with the discharge port side of the compressor 11 and into which the refrigerant flows into the header tank 122 is provided.
- An inlet side connector 122a is arranged.
- the other end side of the header tank 122 is closed by a tank cap 122b as a closing member.
- one end of the header tank 123 for refrigerant assembly on the upper side functions as a connection portion between the inlet side of the fixed throttle 13 for heating and the inlet side of the fixed throttle bypass passage 14, and refrigerant is supplied from the header tank 123.
- An outlet-side connector 123a provided with a refrigerant outlet for discharging is disposed.
- the other end side of the header tank 123 is closed by a tank cap 123b serving as a closing member.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the refrigerant distribution header tank 122 via the inlet-side connector 122a, as indicated by the thick arrows in FIG. It distributes to each tube 121. Then, when the refrigerant flowing into the tube 121 flows through the tube 121, it exchanges heat with the air blown into the passenger compartment and flows out of the tube 121.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the tube 121 collects in the header tank 123 for collecting refrigerant and flows out through the outlet-side connector 123a. That is, the refrigerant flows in the tube 121 from the lower side to the upper side.
- the heat pump cycle 10 of the present embodiment constitutes a subcritical refrigerant cycle
- the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 is superheated while exchanging heat with the air blown into the vehicle interior in the tube 121.
- the phase changes in the order of a gas-phase refrigerant having a temperature ⁇ a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant ⁇ a liquid-phase refrigerant having a degree of supercooling.
- coolant heat radiator 12 of this embodiment is arrange
- the refrigerant flow upstream side of the refrigerant radiator 12 starts from the refrigerant flow downstream side (in this embodiment, the refrigerant assembly header).
- An angle formed by a line segment toward the tank 123 side and a straight line extending in the horizontal direction starting from the upstream side of the refrigerant flow of the refrigerant radiator 12 is defined as an inclination angle ⁇ (where ⁇ 90 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 °).
- the inclination angle ⁇ changes from 0 ° to 90 ° as the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 changes from the horizontal direction to the vertically upward direction.
- the inclination angle ⁇ 0 °
- the inclination angle ⁇ 90 °
- the inclination angle ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
- the dryness of the refrigerant at a predetermined location where the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is X
- the average flow velocity (unit: m / S) of the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 is X.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 is arranged so that the Reynolds number of the refrigerant obtained from the above equation is Re, and the relationship shown in Equation 4 described above is satisfied.
- any location can be adopted as long as it is a predetermined location where the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- a portion of the tube 121 on the downstream side of the refrigerant flow or a portion of the tube 121 closer to the refrigerant assembly header tank 123 than the refrigerant distribution header tank 122 may be employed.
- the indoor air conditioning unit 30 is disposed inside the instrument panel (instrument panel) at the foremost part of the vehicle interior, and the blower 32, the above-described refrigerant radiator 12, the refrigerant evaporator 20, and the like are provided in a casing 31 that forms the outer shell thereof. Is housed.
- the casing 31 forms an air passage for vehicle interior air that is blown into the vehicle interior, and is formed of a resin (for example, polypropylene) having a certain degree of elasticity and excellent strength.
- An inside / outside air switching device 33 that switches and introduces vehicle interior air (inside air) and outside air is disposed on the most upstream side of the air flow inside the casing 31.
- the inside / outside air switching device 33 is formed with an inside air introduction port for introducing inside air into the casing 31 and an outside air introduction port for introducing outside air. Furthermore, inside / outside air switching device 33 is provided with an inside / outside air switching door that continuously adjusts the opening area of the inside air introduction port and the outside air introduction port to change the air volume ratio between the inside air volume and the outside air volume. Has been.
- a blower 32 that blows air sucked through the inside / outside air switching device 33 toward the vehicle interior is disposed on the downstream side of the air flow of the inside / outside air switching device 33.
- the blower 32 is an electric blower that drives a centrifugal multiblade fan (sirocco fan) with an electric motor, and the number of rotations (the amount of blown air) is controlled by a control voltage output from the air conditioning control device.
- the refrigerant evaporator 20 and the refrigerant radiator 12 are arranged in this order with respect to the flow of the air blown into the vehicle interior.
- the refrigerant evaporator 20 is disposed upstream of the refrigerant radiator 12 in the flow direction of the air blown into the vehicle interior.
- the ratio of the amount of air passing through the refrigerant radiator 12 in the blown air after passing through the refrigerant evaporator 20 is disposed. Further, on the downstream side of the air flow of the refrigerant radiator 12, the blown air heated by exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant radiator 12 and the blown air not heated while bypassing the refrigerant radiator 12 are mixed. A mixing space 35 is provided.
- An opening hole for blowing the conditioned air mixed in the mixing space 35 into the passenger compartment, which is a space to be cooled, is disposed in the most downstream portion of the casing 31 in the air flow.
- the opening hole includes a face opening hole that blows conditioned air toward the upper body of an occupant in the vehicle interior, a foot opening hole that blows conditioned air toward the feet of the occupant, and the inner surface of the front window glass of the vehicle
- a defroster opening hole (both not shown) for blowing air-conditioning air toward is provided.
- the temperature of the conditioned air mixed in the mixing space 35 is adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the air volume that the air mix door 34 passes through the refrigerant radiator 12, and the temperature of the conditioned air blown out from each opening hole. Is adjusted. That is, the air mix door 34 constitutes a temperature adjustment unit that adjusts the temperature of the conditioned air blown into the vehicle interior.
- the air mix door 34 functions as a heat exchange amount adjusting unit that adjusts the heat exchange amount between the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 and the air blown into the passenger compartment in the refrigerant radiator 12.
- the air mix door 34 is driven by a servo motor (not shown) whose operation is controlled by a control signal output from the air conditioning control device.
- a face door that adjusts the opening area of the face opening hole, a foot door that adjusts the opening area of the foot opening hole, and a defroster opening hole respectively A defroster door (none of which is shown) for adjusting the opening area is arranged.
- These face doors, foot doors, and defroster doors constitute an opening hole mode switching unit that switches the opening hole mode, and their operation is controlled by a control signal output from the air conditioning control device via a link mechanism or the like. Driven by a servo motor (not shown).
- the air flow downstream side of the face opening hole, the foot opening hole, and the defroster opening hole is respectively connected to the face air outlet, the foot air outlet, and the defroster air outlet provided in the vehicle interior via ducts that form air passages. It is connected.
- the face opening hole is connected to the front face outlet P1 provided at the center in the left-right direction of the instrument panel P and the side face outlet P2 provided at the end in the left-right direction. Has been.
- the front face outlet P1 and the side face outlet P2 are provided at a plurality of locations for the driver seat and the passenger seat, respectively.
- the blown air heated in the heat exchange area on the driver's seat side is mainly blown out to the driver's seat side
- the blown air heated in the heat exchange area on the passenger seat side is mainly blown out to the passenger seat side.
- the air conditioning control device is composed of a well-known microcomputer including a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc. and its peripheral circuits, performs various calculations and processing based on an air conditioning control program stored in the ROM, and is connected to the output side.
- the operation of the various air conditioning control devices 11, 15a, 15b, 17, 32, etc. is controlled.
- an inside air sensor that detects the temperature inside the vehicle
- an outside air sensor that detects the outside air temperature
- a solar radiation sensor that detects the amount of solar radiation in the vehicle interior
- a group of sensors for air conditioning control such as an evaporator temperature sensor for detecting the temperature), a discharge refrigerant temperature sensor for detecting the refrigerant discharge refrigerant temperature, and an outlet refrigerant temperature sensor for detecting the refrigerant temperature on the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16. Is connected.
- an operation panel (not shown) disposed near the instrument panel in front of the passenger compartment is connected to the input side of the air conditioning control device, and operation signals from various air conditioning operation switches provided on the operation panel are input.
- various air conditioning operation switches provided on the operation panel there are provided an operation switch of a vehicle air conditioner, a vehicle interior temperature setting switch for setting the vehicle interior temperature, an operation mode selection switch, and the like.
- a control unit that controls the electric motor 11b, the on-off valve 15a, the three-way valve 15b, and the like of the compressor 11 is integrally configured to control these operations.
- the configuration (hardware and software) for controlling the operation of the compressor 11 constitutes the refrigerant discharge capacity control unit, and the configuration for controlling the operation of the various devices 15a and 15b constituting the refrigerant flow switching unit. Constitutes a refrigerant flow path control unit.
- the operation of the vehicle air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
- the heating operation for heating the passenger compartment and the cooling operation for cooling the passenger compartment can be performed.
- the operation in each operation will be described below.
- Heating operation is started when the heating operation mode is selected by the selection switch while the operation switch of the operation panel is turned on.
- the air conditioning control device closes the on-off valve 15 a and switches the three-way valve 15 b to a refrigerant flow path that connects the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the inlet side of the accumulator 18.
- the heat pump cycle 10 is switched to the refrigerant
- the air conditioning control device reads the detection signal of the above-described air conditioning control sensor group and the operation signal of the operation panel. And the target blowing temperature TAO which is the target temperature of the air which blows off into a vehicle interior is calculated based on the value of a detection signal and an operation signal. Furthermore, based on the calculated target blowing temperature TAO and the detection signal of the sensor group, the operating states of various air conditioning control devices connected to the output side of the air conditioning control device are determined.
- the refrigerant discharge capacity of the compressor 11, that is, the control signal output to the electric motor of the compressor 11 is determined as follows. First, based on the target blowing temperature TAO, the target evaporator blowing temperature TEO of the refrigerant evaporator 20 is determined with reference to a control map stored in advance in the air conditioning control device.
- the blowing air temperature from the refrigerant evaporator 20 is determined using a feedback control method.
- a control signal output to the electric motor of the compressor 11 is determined so as to approach the target evaporator outlet temperature TEO.
- the target blowing temperature TAO For the control signal output to the servo motor of the air mix door 34, the target blowing temperature TAO, the blowing air temperature from the refrigerant evaporator 20, the discharge refrigerant temperature detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature sensor, etc. are used.
- the temperature of the air blown into the passenger compartment is determined so as to be a desired temperature for the passenger set by the passenger compartment temperature setting switch.
- control signals determined as described above are output to various air conditioning control devices.
- the above detection signal and operation signal are read at every predetermined control cycle ⁇ the target blowout temperature TAO is calculated ⁇ the operating states of various air conditioning control devices are determined -> Control routines such as control voltage and control signal output are repeated. Such a control routine is basically repeated in the same manner during the cooling operation.
- the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the refrigerant radiator 12.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the refrigerant radiator 12 exchanges heat with the vehicle interior blown air that has been blown from the blower 32 and passed through the refrigerant evaporator 20 to dissipate heat. Thereby, vehicle interior blowing air is heated.
- the high-pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the refrigerant radiator 12 flows into the heating fixed throttle 13 and is decompressed and expanded because the on-off valve 15a is closed. Then, the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed and expanded by the heating fixed throttle 13 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 16.
- the low-pressure refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 absorbs heat from the outside air blown by the blower fan 17 and evaporates.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 flows into the accumulator 18 because the three-way valve 15b is switched to the refrigerant flow path connecting the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the inlet side of the accumulator 18. Gas-liquid separation. The gas-phase refrigerant separated by the accumulator 18 is sucked into the compressor 11 and compressed again.
- the air blown into the vehicle interior is heated by the amount of heat of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 by the refrigerant radiator 12, and the vehicle interior, which is the air conditioning target space, can be heated.
- Air-cooling operation is started when the operation switch of the operation panel is turned on (ON) and the air-cooling operation mode is selected by the selection switch.
- the air conditioning control device opens the on-off valve 15a and switches the three-way valve 15b to a refrigerant flow path connecting the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the inlet side of the cooling fixed throttle 19.
- the heat pump cycle 10 is switched to the refrigerant
- the high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the refrigerant radiator 12 and exchanges heat with the vehicle interior blown air that has been blown from the blower 32 and passed through the refrigerant evaporator 20. Dissipate heat.
- the high-pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the refrigerant radiator 12 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 through the fixed throttle bypass passage 14 because the on-off valve 15a is open.
- the low-pressure refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 16 further dissipates heat to the outside air blown by the blower fan 17.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 is switched to the refrigerant flow path in which the three-way valve 15b connects the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and the inlet side of the cooling fixed throttle 19, so that the cooling fixed The diaphragm 19 is expanded under reduced pressure.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the cooling fixed throttle 19 flows into the refrigerant evaporator 20, absorbs heat from the air blown by the blower 32, and evaporates. Thereby, vehicle interior blowing air is cooled.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the refrigerant evaporator 20 flows into the accumulator 18 and is separated into gas and liquid.
- the gas-phase refrigerant separated by the accumulator 18 is sucked into the compressor 11 and compressed again.
- the refrigerant evaporator 20 absorbs the low-pressure refrigerant from the air blown into the vehicle interior and evaporates, whereby the air blown into the vehicle interior is cooled and the vehicle interior can be cooled.
- the opening degree of the air mix door 34 is set so that the temperature of the air blown into the vehicle interior becomes higher than the vehicle interior temperature. Is adjusted. Even in such a case, in the refrigerant evaporator 20, the air blown into the vehicle interior is cooled and the absolute humidity thereof is reduced, so that dehumidifying heating in the vehicle interior can be realized.
- the heating operation, the cooling operation, and the dehumidifying heating operation can be performed by switching the refrigerant flow path of the heat pump cycle 10.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 is arranged in the indoor air conditioning unit 30 so as to satisfy the relationship of the above-described mathematical formula 4.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 in which the refrigerant flowing in the tube 121 changes in phase, it is specified in consideration of parameters such as the flow rate U, viscosity ⁇ , density ⁇ , and inclination angle ⁇ of the refrigerant. It can suppress that the refrigerant
- the non-uniformity of the pressure loss generated in the refrigerant flowing through each tube 121 can be suppressed, and the heat exchange area having a relatively low temperature can be suppressed from being formed in the heat exchange area of the refrigerant radiator. .
- a decrease in the heat dissipation performance of the refrigerant radiator 12 can be suppressed even when the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 changes due to air conditioning load fluctuations of the heat pump cycle 10 and the refrigerant radiator 12 is heated. Generation of uneven temperature distribution in the horizontal direction of the blown air can be suppressed.
- the blown air heated in the heat exchange region on the driver seat side in the refrigerant radiator 12 is mainly blown out to the driver seat side
- the blown air heated in the heat exchange region is mainly blown out to the passenger seat side. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the temperature difference in the horizontal direction of the blown air blown from the refrigerant radiator 12 by arranging the refrigerant radiator 12 as in the present embodiment, and the blown air blown to the driver's seat side and the passenger seat This is extremely effective in that the expansion of the temperature difference with the blown air blown to the side can be suppressed.
- the refrigerant inlet of the inlet side connector 122a provided in the header tanks 122 and 123 or the refrigerant outlet of the outlet side connector 123a is provided.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through each tube 121 is likely to change, and the temperature distribution of the blown air is likely to be uneven. Therefore, it is effective to apply an arrangement condition that can reduce the temperature difference of the blown air to the refrigerant radiator 12.
- Equation 4 when A to G are expressed as a function of the inclination angle ⁇ , the refrigerant flowing in the tube 121 has a refrigerant flowing in the upward direction at any inclination angle ⁇ . The occurrence of uneven temperature distribution in the horizontal direction of the air blown out from the radiator can be suppressed.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B correspond to FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), and the same or equivalent parts in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is attached. The same applies to the following drawings.
- the inlet connector 122a is arranged upward and the outlet connector 123a is arranged downward, and the refrigerant flows through the tube 121 from the upper side to the lower side.
- the refrigerant radiator in which the refrigerant circulates in the tube 121 from the upper side to the lower side, it is not necessary to consider the pressure loss due to gravity acting on the condensed refrigerant, and consider the inclination angle ⁇ .
- the non-uniformity of the pressure loss generated in the refrigerant flowing through each tube 121 can be suppressed, and the heat exchange area having a relatively low temperature can be prevented from being formed in the heat exchange area of the refrigerant radiator. .
- the tube 121 is arranged such that the longitudinal direction of the tube 121 is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction.
- the tube 121 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction is substantially vertical, and the refrigerant flows in the tube 121 in the substantially vertical direction.
- the Grashof number Gras calculated by gravity acceleration g, volume expansion force ⁇ , viscosity ⁇ , density ⁇ , and the like as parameters that similarly indicate the flow state (the influence of gravity) on the refrigerant flow. Is mentioned.
- the Reynolds number Re 2 > Grashof number Gras of the refrigerant flowing in the tube 121 that is, in the region where 62.42 ⁇ Re, the refrigerant flow passing through the tube 121 is forced convection and therefore passes through the tube 121.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant to be increased increases, the flow rate passing through each tube 121 tends to be non-uniform, and the temperature distribution in each heat exchange region tends to be non-uniform.
- the refrigerant evaporator in the region where the refrigerant flow rate Gr is 47 kg / h or less, in a region where Re ⁇ 1234 in terms of conversion, the refrigerant evaporator is configured such that the refrigerant flows in the tube 121 from the lower side to the upper side. Regardless of the inclination angle ⁇ of the tube 121, the heat dissipation performance is reduced as compared with the case where the refrigerant flows through the tube 121 from the upper side to the lower side.
- the direction of the refrigerant circulating in the tube 121 is less from the upper side to the lower side because the influence of gravity on the condensed refrigerant is small.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are drawings corresponding to FIGS. 3A and 3B, FIGS. 5A and 5B of the first embodiment.
- the tubes 121 of this embodiment are roughly divided into a first tube group 121a connected to the gathering space 123e of the upper header tank 123 and a second tube group 121b connected to the distribution space 123d.
- an inlet-side connector 123f is connected to the upper header tank 123 so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the distribution space 123d, and the refrigerant flows out from the inside of the collecting space 123e.
- the outlet side connector 123a is connected.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is distributed through the inlet side connector 123f in the upper header tank 122. It flows into 123d and is distributed to the tubes 121 constituting the second tube group 121b.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the tubes 121 constituting the second tube group 121b exchanges heat with the air blown into the passenger compartment when flowing through the tubes 121, and flows out of the tubes 121.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the tubes 121 that constitute the second tube group 121b gathers in the header tank 122 on the lower side and is distributed to the tubes 121 that constitute the first tube group 121a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the tubes 121 constituting the first tube group 121 a flows out of the tubes 121 by exchanging heat with the air blown into the passenger compartment when flowing through the tubes 121.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the tubes 121 constituting the first tube group 121a gathers in the gathering space 123e of the upper header tank 122 and flows out through the outlet-side connector 123a.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second tube group 121b flows from the upper side to the lower side, and the refrigerant flowing through the first tube group 121a is moved from the lower side to the upper side. Flowing.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second tube group 121b exchanges heat with the gas phase refrigerant, and the downstream portion (the broken line in FIG. 6) from the intermediate portion in the refrigerant flow direction of the first tube group 121a. It is known that a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is formed at a portion surrounded by a circle and a liquid-phase refrigerant downstream thereof.
- an arbitrary portion from the intermediate portion in the refrigerant flow direction to the downstream portion of the first tube group 121a can be adopted as the predetermined portion. Furthermore, since the refrigerant flows from the lower side to the upper side in the part, the inclination angle ⁇ of the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present embodiment is set to the same value as that of the first embodiment. Other configurations and operations of the vehicle air conditioner 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 of this embodiment in the heat exchange region configured by the second tube group 121b, the refrigerant dissipates heat while remaining in a gas phase state, so that the heat dissipation performance due to the difference in the degree of refrigerant condensation between the tubes 121. Is less likely to occur. Therefore, the temperature difference which arises in the vehicle interior blowing air which blows off from the heat exchange area
- the refrigerant radiator 12 as a whole can suppress a reduction in the heat radiation performance of the refrigerant radiator 12 even if the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 changes due to fluctuations in the air conditioning load of the heat pump cycle 10 and the like.
- the temperature difference in the horizontal direction of the air heated and blown out by the vessel 12 can be reduced.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present embodiment even if the refrigerant flow direction at a predetermined location where the refrigerant flowing through the tube 121 is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is directed from the upper side to the lower side. If the refrigerant radiator 12 is arranged so as to satisfy the relationship of the above-described mathematical formula 4, the same effect can be obtained.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, an example in which the configuration of the refrigerant radiator 12 is changed with respect to the first embodiment will be described.
- the internal space of the upper header tank 123 is divided into a distribution space 123d and a gathering space 123e in the flow direction of the blown air.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are drawings corresponding to FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 5A and 5B of the first embodiment.
- the tube 121 of this embodiment is also roughly divided into a first tube group 121a connected to the collecting space 123e and a second tube group 121b connected to the distributing space 123d, as in the second embodiment.
- the first tube group 121a is disposed on the downstream side in the flow direction X of the blown air in the vehicle interior of the second tube group 121b.
- a plurality of tubes 121 are arranged in the flow direction X of the air blown into the vehicle interior.
- an inlet-side connector 123f is disposed in the header tank 123 so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the distribution space 123d, and an outlet is provided so that the refrigerant flows out of the gathering space 123e.
- a side connector 123a is disposed.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is distributed to the distribution space 123d of the upper header tank 123 ⁇ second.
- the refrigerant flowing through the second tube group 121b on the upstream side of the air flow exchanges heat while remaining as a gas phase refrigerant, and among the refrigerant flowing through the first tube group 121a on the downstream side of the air flow. It has been found that the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is formed at the downstream portion from the intermediate portion in the refrigerant flow direction, and the liquid-phase refrigerant is formed at the downstream side.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present embodiment is set to the same value as in the first embodiment.
- Other configurations and operations of the vehicle air conditioner 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present embodiment is configured as described above, in the heat exchange region on the upstream side of the air flow constituted by the second tube group 121b, the refrigerant radiates heat while remaining in a gas phase state. A decrease in heat dissipation performance due to the degree of refrigerant condensation is unlikely to occur, and there is little non-uniform temperature distribution in the vehicle interior blown air blown out from this heat exchange region.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 As the refrigerant radiator 12 as a whole, it is possible to suppress a decrease in heat dissipation performance and to suppress the occurrence of uneven temperature distribution in the horizontal direction of the air heated and blown by the refrigerant radiator 12.
- the refrigerant distributed in the distribution space 123 d of the upper header tank 123 passes through the lower header tank 122. It makes a U-turn and flows back to the gathering space 123e of the upper header tank 123.
- a region (superheat degree region) through which the gas-phase refrigerant having a relatively high degree of superheat flows is formed on the upper side, and among the heat exchange regions on the leeward side, the comparison is made.
- a region (supercooling region) in which a liquid refrigerant having a supercooling degree with a low target temperature flows can be formed on the upper side. Therefore, when viewed from the flow direction X of the blown air, the superheat degree region and the supercooling degree region can be polymerized, and uneven temperature distribution of the blown air in the vertical direction can be suppressed.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present embodiment the example in which the flow of the refrigerant that has flowed out from the tube 121 on the upstream side of the blown air flow is U-turned and flows into the tube 121 on the downstream side has been described.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the tube 121 may be U-turned to flow into the upstream tube 121.
- the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present embodiment even if the refrigerant flow direction at a predetermined location where the refrigerant circulating in the tube 121 is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is directed from the upper side to the lower side. If the refrigerant radiator 12 is arranged so as to satisfy the relationship of the above-described mathematical formula 4, the same effect can be obtained.
- the tube 121 applicable to the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present invention includes It is not limited. That is, as long as it has a component extending at least in the vertical direction, it may be formed in a meandering shape.
- positioned below can also be abolished.
- the configuration of the refrigerant radiator 12 of the present invention is the same. It is not limited. For example, it may be configured to allow heat exchange of a plurality of types of fluids such as a refrigerant, air blown into the vehicle interior, and other heat medium.
- a refrigerant tube that circulates a refrigerant and a heat medium tube that circulates a heat medium are sequentially stacked and arranged adjacent to each other.
- An air passage through which the blown air is circulated is formed between the tube for heating and the heat medium tube, and the refrigerant, the air and the heat medium are joined to both the refrigerant tube and the heat medium tube in the air passage.
- stimulating heat exchange with blast air can be employ
- the device mounted on the vehicle is not limited to acceleration / deceleration, right / left turn, or parking on an uphill road.
- the arrangement state in the horizontal direction may change. Therefore, in each of the above-described embodiments, the relationship of Formula 4 is satisfied in the entire range of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in consideration of the change amount ⁇ due to the inclination of the entire vehicle with respect to the inclination angle ⁇ . desirable.
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Abstract
Description
(1)冷媒が凝縮することによって粘度μを上昇させることによる圧力損失の上昇分
(2)冷媒が凝縮することによって密度ρを低下させることによる圧力損失の低下分
を考慮する必要があることに着眼した。さらに、チューブ内を冷媒が下方から上方へと流れる冷媒放熱器においては、
(3)凝縮した冷媒に作用する重力を換算した圧力損失の上昇分
についても考慮する必要があることに着眼した。
Re≧A×X6+B×X5+C×X4+D×X3+E×X2+F×X+Gの関係を満たすように、チューブが構成され、但し、
A=-0.0537×θ2+9.7222×θ+407.19
B=-(-0.2093×θ2+37.88×θ+1586.3)
C=-0.3348×θ2+60.592×θ+2538.1
D=-(-0.2848×θ2+51.53×θ+2158.2)
E=-0.1402×θ2+25.365×θ+1062.8
F=-(-0.0418×θ2+7.5557×θ+316.46)
G=-0.0132×θ2+2.3807×θ+99.73
とし、チューブ内を流通する冷媒の流れ方向が鉛直下方から鉛直上方に向かって変化するに伴って、傾斜角度(θ)は、0<θ≦90°であるものとする。
図1~4により、本発明の第1実施形態を説明する。本実施形態では、本発明の冷媒放熱器12を備えるヒートポンプサイクル10(蒸気圧縮式の冷媒サイクル)を、車両用空調装置1に適用している。図1は、本実施形態の車両用空調装置1の全体構成図である。なお、車両用空調装置1は、エンジン(内燃機関)から走行用駆動力を得る通常のエンジン車両のみならず、ハイブリッド車両や電気自動車等種々の車両に適用可能である。
暖房運転は、操作パネルの作動スイッチが投入(ON)された状態で、選択スイッチによって暖房運転モードが選択されると開始される。暖房運転時には、空調制御装置が、開閉弁15aを閉じるとともに、三方弁15bを室外熱交換器16の出口側とアキュムレータ18の入口側とを接続する冷媒流路に切り替える。これにより、ヒートポンプサイクル10は、図1の実線矢印に示すように冷媒が流れる冷媒流路に切り替えられる。
冷房運転は、操作パネルの作動スイッチが投入(ON)された状態で、選択スイッチによって冷房運転モードが選択されると開始される。この冷房運転時には、空調制御装置が、開閉弁15aを開くとともに、三方弁15bを室外熱交換器16の出口側と冷房用固定絞り19の入口側とを接続する冷媒流路に切り替える。これにより、ヒートポンプサイクル10は、図2の実線矢印に示すように冷媒が流れる冷媒流路に切り替えられる。
本実施形態では、第1実施形態に対して図5(a)、(b)に示すように、入口側コネクタ122aおよび出口側コネクタ123aの位置を変更した例について述べる。なお、図5(a)、(b)は、図3(a)、(b)に対応する図であって、図3(a)、(b)と同一もしくは均等部分には同一の符号を付している。このことは、以下の図面でも同様である。
本実施形態では、第1実施形態に対して、図6(a)、(b)に示すように、冷媒放熱器12の構成を変更した例を説明する。本実施形態の冷媒放熱器12では、上方側のヘッダタンク123の内部にセパレータ123cを配置することによって、ヘッダタンク123の内部空間をヘッダタンク123の長手方向に2つに分割して、分配用空間123dと集合用空間123eとを形成している。なお、図6(a)、(b)は、第1実施形態の図3(a)、(b)、図5(a)、(b)に対応する図面である。
本実施形態では、図7(a)、(b)に示すように、第1実施形態に対して、冷媒放熱器12の構成を変更した例を説明する。本実施形態の冷媒放熱器12では、上方側のヘッダタンク123の内部空間を送風空気の流れ方向に、分配用空間123dと集合用空間123eとに分割している。なお、図7(a)、(b)は、第1実施形態の図3(a)、(b)、図5(a)、(b)に対応する図面である。
本発明は上述の実施形態に限定されることなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で、以下のように種々変形可能である。
Claims (9)
- 蒸気圧縮式の冷媒サイクル(10)に適用されて、
圧縮機(11)で圧縮された高温高圧の冷媒と空調対象空間へ送風される送風空気とを熱交換させて、過熱度を有する気相冷媒を過冷却度を有する液相冷媒となるまで放熱させる冷媒放熱器であって、
冷媒が上方から下方へと流通する複数のチューブ(121)と、
前記複数のチューブ(121)の端部に接続され、前記複数のチューブ(121)のうち少なくとも一部のチューブ(121)に流入する冷媒を分配する第1のヘッダと、
前記複数のチューブ(121)の端部に接続され、前記複数のチューブ(121)のうち少なくとも一部のチューブ(121)から流出する冷媒を集合させる第2のヘッダとを有する冷媒放熱器。 - 前記チューブ(121)内を流通する冷媒が気液二相冷媒となっている所定箇所の冷媒の乾き度をXとし、
前記チューブ(121)内を流通する冷媒の平均流速(m/S)から求められる前記所定箇所における冷媒のレイノルズ数をReとしたときに、前記チューブは、
62.42≦Re≦1234関係を満たすように配置されている請求項1に記載の冷媒蒸発器。 - 蒸気圧縮式の冷媒サイクル(10)に適用されて、
圧縮機(11)で圧縮された高温高圧の冷媒と空調対象空間へ送風される送風空気とを熱交換させて、過熱度を有する気相冷媒を過冷却度を有する液相冷媒となるまで放熱させる冷媒放熱器であって、
冷媒が流通する複数のチューブ(121)を備え、
前記チューブ(121)は、水平方向に垂直な方向に、もしくは水平方向に対して角度を有して延びるように配置され、
前記チューブ(121)内を流通する冷媒の流れ方向と水平方向とのなす傾斜角度をθ(°)とし、 前記チューブ(121)内を流通する冷媒が気液二相冷媒となっている所定箇所の冷媒の乾き度をXとし、前記チューブ(121)内を流通する冷媒の平均流速(m/S)から求められる前記所定箇所における冷媒のレイノルズ数をReとしたときに、前記チューブは、以下の関係が満たすように配置され、
Re≧A×X6+B×X5+C×X4+D×X3+E×X2+F×X+G
但し、
A=-0.0537×θ2+9.7222×θ+407.19
B=-(-0.2093×θ2+37.88×θ+1586.3)
C=-0.3348×θ2+60.592×θ+2538.1
D=-(-0.2848×θ2+51.53×θ+2158.2)
E=-0.1402×θ2+25.365×θ+1062.8
F=-(-0.0418×θ2+7.5557×θ+316.46)
G=-0.0132×θ2+2.3807×θ+99.73
とし、
前記チューブ(121)内を流通する冷媒の流れ方向が鉛直下方から鉛直上方に向かって変化するに伴って、前記傾斜角度(θ)は、0<θ≦90°であるものとする冷媒放熱器。 - 前記複数のチューブ(121)の積層方向に延びるとともに、前記複数のチューブ(121)の少なくとも一端側に配置されて、前記冷媒の集合あるいは分配を行うヘッダタンク(122、123)を備える請求項3に記載の冷媒放熱器。
- 前記複数のチューブ(121)には、冷媒が下方側から上方側へ向かって流れる第1チューブ群(121a)および冷媒が上方側から下方側へ向かって流れる第2チューブ群(121b)が設けられている請求項3または4に記載の冷媒放熱器。
- 前記ヘッダタンク(123)の内部空間は、複数の空間(123d、123e)に分割されており、
分割された一方の空間(123d)には、前記気相冷媒を流入させる冷媒流入口が設けられ、他方の空間(123e)には、前記液相冷媒を流出させる冷媒流出口が設けられている請求項1、2、4のうちいずれか1つに記載の冷媒放熱器。 - 前記複数のチューブ(121)は、前記送風空気の流れ方向に沿って複数配列されている請求項1ないし6のいずれか1つに記載の冷媒放熱器。
- 前記複数のチューブ(121)を流通する冷媒の流れ方向は、いずれも同一である請求項1ないし7のいずれか1つに記載の冷媒放熱器。
- 前記冷媒サイクル(10)は、車両用空調装置に適用されており、
前記空調対象空間は、車室内であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし8のいずれか1つに記載の冷媒放熱器。
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US13/997,895 US20130284415A1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2011-12-27 | Refrigerant radiator |
EP11853757.0A EP2660548B1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2011-12-27 | Cooling medium radiator |
CN201180063418.1A CN103282735B (zh) | 2010-12-28 | 2011-12-27 | 制冷剂散热器 |
KR1020137016077A KR101472868B1 (ko) | 2010-12-28 | 2011-12-27 | 냉매 방열기 |
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EP (1) | EP2660548B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5626198B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101472868B1 (ja) |
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CN105910343A (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-08-31 | 泰州格灵电器制造有限公司 | 一种太阳能热泵悬挂式散热片 |
CN105910343B (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-05-31 | 泰州格灵电器制造有限公司 | 一种太阳能热泵悬挂式散热片 |
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CN103282735B (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
US20130284415A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
KR101472868B1 (ko) | 2014-12-15 |
JP5626198B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
EP2660548B1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
CN103282735A (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
EP2660548A4 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
JP2012149872A (ja) | 2012-08-09 |
EP2660548A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
KR20130107332A (ko) | 2013-10-01 |
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