Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
  • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
  • F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D19/00—Details
  • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
  • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
  • F24H15/104—Inspection; Diagnosis; Trial operation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
  • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
  • F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
  • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
  • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
  • F24H15/238—Flow rate
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/395—Information to users, e.g. alarms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
  • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
  • F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
  • F24H15/429—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data for selecting operation modes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
  • F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
  • F24D2220/04—Sensors
  • F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
  • F24D2220/04—Sensors
  • F24D2220/044—Flow sensors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a water heater with a heat exchanger for heating a continuous liquid, which has a service water inlet for connection of a cold water pipe and a hot water outlet for connection of a hot water pipe, wherein a controller for controlling or regulating a temperature of the liquid is provided.
• the invention relates to a method for operating such a flow heater with a heat exchanger for heating a flowing liquid.
• Instantaneous water heaters are used, for example, for heating domestic water in households. Water is supplied to the water heater via a cold water line, heated within the flow heater by means of a heat exchanger and discharged via a hot water pipe.
• the heat exchanger can either be heated directly or via a secondary circuit.
• service water is to be understood generally and includes, for example, drinking water.
• a control of the heat supply to the heat exchanger then takes place as a function of an emitted quantity, which is detected by means of a flow sensor.
• a flow sensor works satisfactorily only if the desired direction of flow through the heat exchanger is maintained, so the cold water pipe at the service water inlet and the hot water pipe are connected to the hot water outlet. If the connections are interchanged, incorrect measurements of the fluid delivered can occur. It is also possible that the flow sensor emits no signal at all, so it can not be determined whether liquid is dispensed.
• the invention is based on the object to enable operation of the water heater even with a permutation of the connections.
• heated liquid can be dispensed.
• a temperature change at the service water inlet suggests that liquid is dispensed or tapped. Such water delivery is also referred to as tapping. If the temperature sensor indicates an increasing temperature at the service water inlet, this indicates that the hot water line is connected to the service water inlet, ie the heat exchanger is passed through in a flow direction from the service water outlet to the service water inlet.
• a control or regulation of the temperature of the dispensed liquid or the heat exchanger in dependence on the measured at the service water inlet actual temperature can be issued, so that the flow heater is operated in an error mode.
• a temperature sensor is arranged at the service water outlet.
• Such a temperature sensor at the hot water outlet is used with correct connection of hot water pipe and cold water pipe, so a direction of passage from the hot water inlet to the hot water outlet, for detecting the actual temperature in the hot water pipe and thus to control or regulate the heat transferred through the heat exchanger to the liquid heat.
• the temperature sensor at the hot water outlet can thereby further improve error detection.
• a comparison of the temperature at the service water input and service water output provides relatively reliable information about whether the cold water pipe is connected to the service water inlet or the hot water outlet. When the temperature at the service water inlet If the temperature exceeds the dhw output, there is a permutation of the connections so that the instantaneous water heater should be operated in error mode.
• a flow sensor is arranged at the service water inlet and / or at the service water outlet.
• a flow sensor is present in many conventional instantaneous water heaters, wherein by means of the flow sensor, a discharge amount is determined, which serves to control the amount of heat transferred through the heat exchanger to the liquid.
• Such a flow sensor is usually reliable only in one direction of passage, and according to the invention, the directional dependence of the flow sensor can also be used to detect whether the cold water line is correctly connected to the service water inlet and the hot water line is correctly connected to the service water outlet.
• the heat exchanger on a secondary circuit with a pump and a heat source, which are controllable by the controller.
• heat generated by the heat source is brought into the heat exchanger and transferred from there to the liquid, so that it can be discharged heated.
• the heat source may have different configurations, for example, be designed as a gas or oil burner or as an electric heating element. It is also conceivable to form the secondary circuit, for example, as part of a central heating system.
• the controller has a memory in which the following states can be stored: 0: checking necessary,
• the controller is designed such that when connecting the hot water pipe at the service water inlet warm liquid is available at the service water inlet and optionally displays the fault mode, in particular a temperature of the heat exchanger is increased or kept constant or regulated depending on the temperature at the service water inlet.
• a sufficient operation of the water heater is also possible with a permutation of the connections.
• an installer can then relatively quickly find out and fix the cause of the error.
• it is not necessary to shut down the water heater until the fault is rectified. Rather, limited but limited operation is possible.
• a passage direction of the liquid is determined by the heat exchanger, wherein a control of an actual temperature of the liquid to a predetermined desired temperature in dependence on the passage direction.
• the water heater is so both in a direction of passage from the hot water inlet to the hot water outlet, ie with correct connection of hot water pipe and cold water pipe, as well as in the reverse flow direction from the hot water outlet for domestic water input operable.
• different gel parameters are used.
• the target temperature in a direction of passage from the hot water output to the service water input can be fixed, while the target temperature at the right direction of passage from the hot water input to hot water output by a user is changeable, for example by selecting the Eco mode.
• the passage direction is determined by measuring the temperature at the service water inlet, optionally in conjunction with measuring the temperature at the hot water outlet and / or with a flow sensor at the service water inlet or hot water outlet.
• An increase in temperature at the service water inlet is a sign that the hot water pipe is connected to the service water inlet, ie the direction of flow from the hot water outlet to the service water inlet leads.
• this fault detection can be made more reliable by the fact that the temperature at the hot water outlet is detected. If the temperature at the domestic water inlet rises when the liquid is dispensed with the temperature at the domestic water outlet, there is a clear passage from the domestic water outlet to the domestic water inlet.
• a directional flow sensor can also be used to determine the flow direction. However, to control the actual temperature of the liquid dispensed then a detection of the temperature at the service water inlet is required.
• a temperature T1 is measured at the service water inlet
• a temperature T2 is measured at the service water outlet
• the temperature T2 being regulated to the setpoint temperature when the temperature T2 is greater than the temperature T1
• the temperature T1 being regulated to the setpoint temperature, when the temperature T1 is greater than the temperature T2.
• one of the following three states is stored in a memory: 0 review necessary,
• the flow heater is operated in error mode.
• the temperature at the service water outlet rises above the temperature at the service water inlet, it is deposited that the water heater is operated in normal operation.
• error mode user defaults are only permitted to a limited extent, whereby, for example, operation in the Eco mode is not possible, so that no excessive cooling of the heat exchanger takes place. It is provided in error mode that a periodic re-examination of the direction of passage takes place.
• a temperature of the heat exchanger is maintained between an upper and a lower limit temperature in the error mode. This can be done for example by means of fuzzy control.
• a higher setpoint is used in error mode than in normal mode. This ensures that even with incorrect connection of the cold water pipe and the hot water pipe sufficiently warm liquid is discharged from the heat exchanger to the hot water pipe. At the same time, the error detection is improved by the increased setpoint, since the increase in the setpoint leads to an increased temperature increase in the dispensed liquid.
• Fig. 2 shows a possible procedure.
• a flow heater 1 is shown schematically with a heat exchanger 2, wherein the heat exchanger 2 has a service water inlet 21 and a hot water outlet 22.
• Heat energy is supplied to the heat exchanger 2 via a secondary circuit 5 and is generated in a heat source 52.
• a transfer of heat energy from the heat source 52 to the heat exchanger 2 by means of a liquid, in particular water, which is moved by a pump 51.
• a cold water pipe 31 at the service water inlet 21 and a hot water pipe 32 at the hot water outlet 22 is arranged.
• a passage direction through the heat exchanger 2 is then from the service water inlet 31 to the hot water outlet 32.
• a transfer of heat energy to the liquid ie a heating of the liquid is heated to the hot water pipe 32 is discharged.
• water is used as liquid, but also the use of other liquids is conceivable.
• the transferable from the heat exchanger 2 to the water heat energy is regulated by a controller 4.
• a discharge amount is detected by means of a flow sensor 8, wherein the controller determines how much heat has to be transferred in the heat exchanger 2 as a function of the discharge quantity.
• the thermal energy introduced by the secondary circuit 5 is then supplied accordingly.
• Such a control works with correct connection of cold water pipe and hot water pipe, so if the flow direction from the hot water inlet to the hot water outlet is satisfactory.
• a control by means of a temperature sensor 7, which is arranged at the service water outlet 22, thereby enables a control of the setpoint temperature.
• a temperature sensor 6 at the service water inlet 21.
• Such a temperature sensor 6 has a correct connection, so a direction of passage from the hot water inlet 21 to the hot water outlet 22, another monitoring function, namely the detection of preheated water at the service water inlet 21. For example, to detect solar water preheating.
• the instantaneous water heater 1 or its heat source 52 is not activated.
• the temperature sensor 6 can be used to optimize the water temperature at the hot water outlet 22 with a predictive control, namely taking into account the water inlet temperature.
• a predictive control namely taking into account the water inlet temperature.
• it allows a reliable determination of the direction of flow and a control of the setpoint temperature of the liquid dispensed even when the hot water pipe is connected to the service water inlet 21, the water heater 1 is therefore passed through so to speak the wrong way round.
• FIG. 2 schematically shows a possible sequence of the method according to the invention.
• the heat exchanger 2 After a first installation, ie at a first startup of the water heater 1 or after a long interruption of the operation, the heat exchanger 2 is first heated. When a hot water delivery then the temperature at the service water inlet 21 is detected. Optionally, the heat source 52 can now provide more heat, in which case the temperature at the service water inlet 21 is detected continuously. A temperature at the service water inlet 21 before starting the heat source 52 is compared with a later detected temperature. If a temperature increase has occurred, the passage direction from the hot water outlet 22 to the hot water inlet 21, so there is a fault operation.
• 21 hot water is discharged at the service water inlet and there is a control of the actual temperature at the service water inlet 21st
• the temperature at the service water inlet 21 decreases, although the heat source 52 supplies heat energy to the heat exchanger 2, the cold water tion 31 and the hot water pipe 32 is connected correctly and there is a normal operation in which hot water is discharged at the hot water outlet 22, so that the temperature at the hot water outlet 22 is controlled to the target temperature.
• the heating of the water heater 1 at the first start-up is carried out regardless of which mode of the water heater 1 is set, so if, for example, an Eco mode was selected, in which a heating of the heat exchanger 2 takes place only as needed.
• the passage direction can be determined relatively easily by comparing these two temperatures. If, during the discharge of liquid, the temperature at the service water outlet 22 rises above the temperature at the service water inlet 21, the water heater is in normal operation. In contrast, when the temperature at the service water inlet 21 rises from the temperature at the service water outlet 22, the instantaneous water heater 1 is in error operation.
• the error detection can be additionally improved by the provision of a flow sensor. An error operation can also be assumed if during the delivery of liquid no cooling at the service water inlet 21, so no temperature decrease takes place.
• the inventive method can be easily implemented in addition and equip in existing water heater after. This method only comes into effect when the cold water pipe 31 and the hot water pipe 32 are not properly connected. This makes it possible to issue even reliably heated liquid, if no correct connections were made, the water heater 1 is thus operated in error mode. At the same time detection of the error is very easy, so that rework can be done very quickly and thus cause few costs.
• the review of the flow direction by warming the water heater 1 is carried out regardless of a set mode, so for example, regardless of whether the water heater 1 is operated in an Eco mode or a comfort mode.
• a temperature of the heat exchanger 2 is maintained between a lower and an upper limit temperature, that is, the heat exchanger 2 is always at an increased temperature. th temperature.
• the heat energy transferred from the heat exchanger 2 to the liquid to be dispensed is controlled as a function of the dispensed quantity, it is provided according to the invention to detect a temperature at the service water inlet 21, so that a regulation of the temperature of the dispensed liquid is possible even if the cold water line 31 and hot water pipe 32 are connected reversed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
• Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
• Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
• Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

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Citations (3)

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• 2011
  • 2011-04-06 DE DE102011016198A patent/DE102011016198A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-12-23 EP EP11802952.9A patent/EP2659199B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2011-12-23 CN CN201180062473.9A patent/CN103270375B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-12-23 WO PCT/EP2011/073926 patent/WO2012089653A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2011-12-23 KR KR1020137016590A patent/KR20140001960A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-12-23 JP JP2013546682A patent/JP5705332B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-12-23 ES ES11802952.9T patent/ES2573805T3/es active Active
  • 2011-12-23 PT PT118029529T patent/PT2659199T/pt unknown

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