WO2012086689A1 - Method for manufacturing battery module and battery module - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing battery module and battery module Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012086689A1
WO2012086689A1 PCT/JP2011/079646 JP2011079646W WO2012086689A1 WO 2012086689 A1 WO2012086689 A1 WO 2012086689A1 JP 2011079646 W JP2011079646 W JP 2011079646W WO 2012086689 A1 WO2012086689 A1 WO 2012086689A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
battery module
unit cells
manufacturing
aging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/079646
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
龍彦 川崎
原　賢二
高橋　宏文
Original Assignee
日立ビークルエナジー株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2012086689A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012086689A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery module configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells of a secondary battery.
  • a secondary battery used in an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that assists a part of driving by an electric motor is required to have high capacity and high output performance.
  • a secondary battery is configured as a battery module in which a plurality of unit cells are connected in series. In each of a plurality of unit cells included in one battery module, the amount of voltage drop due to self-discharge becomes non-uniform due to variations in manufacturing parts such as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution. There is.
  • the battery module manufacturing method performs charging of each of the plurality of unit cells of the secondary battery and first aging for self-discharge of the plurality of charged unit cells.
  • a first voltage measurement for measuring the first voltage of each of the plurality of unit cells after the first aging, and a second time for self-discharge to the plurality of unit cells after the first voltage measurement.
  • each of the plurality of unit cells is fully charged when charging the plurality of unit cells.
  • the predetermined range is preferably in the range of 30% to 95%.
  • both the first aging and the second aging are performed at a temperature of 25 ° C. Is preferred.
  • the voltage drop among the plurality of unit cells when the plurality of unit cells are classified into the plurality of groups, the voltage drop among the plurality of unit cells. It is preferable to classify unit cells whose amount is larger than a predetermined threshold as a defective product into a defective product group.
  • a voltage drop amount is predetermined among the plurality of unit cells. It is preferable to classify unit cells below the threshold into any of a plurality of groups different from the defective product group based on the voltage drop amount.
  • each of the plurality of unit cells is supplementarily charged so that each voltage of the plurality of unit cells becomes a predetermined voltage.
  • the predetermined range is preferably in the range of 30% to 95%.
  • the first aging and the second aging are both performed at a temperature of 25 ° C. Is preferred.
  • the first aging is performed at a temperature higher than the second aging.
  • the first aging is performed at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower, and the second aging is performed at a temperature of 25 ° C. It is preferable to do this.
  • the third aging is performed in which the plurality of unit cells are self-discharged at a temperature different from the temperature at which the second aging is performed by 10 ° C. or more, and the third aging is performed after the third aging.
  • the battery module After performing the third voltage measurement to measure 3 voltages, dividing the voltage drop by the difference between the second voltage and the third voltage to calculate the rate of temperature change, and classifying multiple unit cells into multiple groups
  • a plurality of unit cells classified into each group are classified into a plurality of small groups based on the temperature change rate.
  • the battery module is preferably manufactured by the battery module manufacturing method according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects.
  • the performance and reliability of the battery module can be improved.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a unit cell applied to the first embodiment of the battery module according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the unit cell of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the leaving time of the unit cell of FIG. 2, and a voltage. It is a figure explaining the grouping rule of a unit cell. It is a figure which shows the battery module manufacturing apparatus by embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the battery module of FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a battery module according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a battery module according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a fourth embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a battery module according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of a battery module and a manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • the battery module of each embodiment is mounted on HEV or EV.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention.
  • a battery module 100 includes a cell controller 30 including a plurality of assembled batteries 20a and 20b, and a battery controller 40 for controlling the cell controller 30 and managing information.
  • the cell controller 30 includes a cell controller IC 21 that controls the assembled batteries 20a and 20b, and a microcomputer 22 that controls the assembled batteries 20a and 20b through the cell controller IC 21.
  • Each assembled battery 20a, 20b includes a plurality of unit cells 11 of secondary batteries connected in series, and both positive and negative terminals of the unit cell 11 are electrically connected to the cell controller IC 21.
  • Each cell controller IC 21 is connected to the microcomputer 22 via a communication line.
  • the microcomputer 22 manages various information such as charging / discharging information of the assembled batteries 20a and 20b.
  • the battery module 100 includes one or more cell controllers 30, and each cell controller 30 is electrically connected to the battery controller 40.
  • the battery controller 40 is used for control of each cell controller 30 and information management, and communicates with a host system using the battery module 100 as a power source.
  • the unit cell 11 which is a secondary battery is electrically connected to a vehicle driving motor 42 via an inverter 41.
  • the inverter 41 converts DC power into three-phase AC power.
  • the drive motor 42 is driven with three-phase AC power.
  • (Unit cell) 2 and 3 show the structure of a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery which is an example of the unit cell 11 included in the battery module 100.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 mainly show essential elements for the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the unit cell 11 has an electrode group 8.
  • the electrode group 8 is obtained by winding the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 15 around a resin-made shaft core 7 via a separator 18.
  • the positive electrode 14 is a metal thin film made of aluminum or the like, and a positive electrode mixture 16 is applied to both surfaces.
  • the positive electrode 14 is provided with a plurality of positive electrode tabs 12 on the upper side, that is, on the long side portion on the positive electrode side.
  • the negative electrode 15 is a metal thin film made of copper or the like, and a negative electrode mixture 17 is applied to both surfaces.
  • a plurality of negative electrode tabs 13 are provided below, that is, on the long side portion on the negative electrode side.
  • the separator 18 is an insulating porous material, and is wound around the resin-made shaft core 7 together with the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 15. Some separators 18 are wound so as to cover the outermost periphery of the electrode group. The winding end of the separator 18 wound so as to cover the outermost periphery is fixed with an adhesive tape 19.
  • the shaft core 7 has a tubular shape, and a positive electrode current collector plate 5 as a positive electrode current collector component and a negative electrode current collector plate 6 as a negative electrode current collector component are fitted and fixed at both ends thereof.
  • a positive electrode tab 12 is welded to the positive electrode current collector plate 5 by, for example, an ultrasonic welding method.
  • the negative electrode tab 13 is welded to the negative electrode current collector plate 6 by, for example, an ultrasonic welding method.
  • the electrode group 8 is housed in a cylindrical battery case 1 whose bottom surface 54 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
  • the negative electrode current collector plate 6 is electrically connected to the bottom surface 54 of the battery container 1 through the negative electrode lead 10. Connection of the negative electrode lead 10 to the bottom surface 54 is performed after the electrode group 8, the positive electrode current collector plate 5, and the negative electrode current collector plate 6 are accommodated in the battery container 1. That is, a welding jig is inserted into the center of the shaft core 7 and pressed while sandwiching the negative electrode lead 10 between the welding jig and the bottom surface 54, thereby welding the negative electrode lead 10 to the bottom surface 54.
  • the opening 52 of the battery container 1 is sealed by the upper lid 50 having the upper lid 3 and the upper lid case 4.
  • the upper lid part 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode current collector plate 5.
  • One end of a positive electrode lead 9 made of a conductive flexible ribbon is welded to the upper surface of the positive electrode current collector plate 5.
  • the other end of the positive electrode lead 9 is welded to the bottom surface of the upper lid case 4.
  • the positive electrode current collector plate 5 is electrically connected to the upper lid 3.
  • the positive electrode of the electrode group 8 is electrically connected to the upper lid part 50, and the upper lid 3 functions as a positive electrode terminal.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery container 1 before closing the battery container 1 with the upper lid part 50.
  • a gasket 2 is provided between the battery case 1 and the upper lid case 4, and the opening 52 of the battery case 1 is sealed by the gasket 2.
  • the gasket 2 electrically insulates the upper lid part 50 having a positive potential from the battery container 1 having a negative potential.
  • the positive electrode mixture 16 has a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode conductive material, and a positive electrode binder.
  • the positive electrode active material is preferably lithium oxide.
  • Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium composite oxide (lithium oxide containing two or more selected from cobalt, nickel, and manganese). It is done.
  • the positive electrode conductive material is a substance that can assist transmission of electrons generated by the occlusion / release reaction of lithium ions in the positive electrode mixture to the positive electrode. Examples of the positive electrode conductive material include graphite and acetylene black.
  • the positive electrode binder can bind the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode conductive material, and can bind the positive electrode mixture and the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode binder does not deteriorate significantly due to contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • Examples of the positive electrode binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and fluororubber.
  • a method for forming a positive electrode mixture on a positive electrode a method of applying a dispersion solution of constituent materials of the positive electrode mixture on the positive electrode can be mentioned.
  • the coating method include a roll coating method and a slit die coating method.
  • the solvent for the dispersion solution include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and water.
  • the coating thickness of the positive electrode mixture 16 is, for example, about 40 ⁇ m on each side of the positive electrode.
  • the negative electrode mixture 17 has a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a thickener.
  • the negative electrode mixture 17 may have a negative electrode conductive material such as acetylene black.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte it is preferable to use a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a carbonate solvent.
  • a lithium salt include lithium fluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium fluoroborate (LiBF 6 ), and the like.
  • carbonate solvents include ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), propylene carbonate (PC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), or a mixture of two or more solvents selected from the above solvents, Is mentioned.
  • This self-discharge amount changes according to the variation of each component in the manufacturing stage. For example, it varies according to variations in the thickness of the positive electrode mixture 16 and the negative electrode mixture 17, or variations in the composition and impurities of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Further, when conductive foreign matter that cannot be excluded in the manufacturing stage is mixed in the unit cell 11, the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 15 are minutely short-circuited through the foreign matter, and the voltage of the unit cell 11 further decreases.
  • the aging is performed at least twice for the plurality of unit cells 11, and the voltage difference after each aging is measured as a voltage drop amount.
  • the plurality of unit cells 11 are grouped according to the magnitude relationship with the plurality of reference values. Then, a battery module including a plurality of unit cells 11 classified into the same group is manufactured.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of voltage change with respect to discharge time of the unit cell 11 left after charging.
  • the voltage change of a normal unit cell that is, a good unit cell is indicated by a solid line
  • the voltage change of an abnormal unit cell that is, a defective unit cell is indicated by a broken line.
  • the voltage of the unit cell left after charging suddenly drops until several hours have elapsed from the discharge time 0, and the subsequent voltage drop is gradual.
  • the voltage drop amount varies depending on the unit cell due to variations in the self-discharge amount, and the difference in the voltage value of the cell voltage increases as the leaving period becomes longer.
  • the voltage drop is significant compared to a normal unit cell.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of grouping rules for unit cells.
  • the predetermined threshold value for separately grouping defective products and non-defective products based on the voltage drop amount is, for example, 0.025V. That is, after the unit cell is fully charged, the voltage value of the unit cell after being left for a first predetermined period, for example, 12 hours, and then after being left for a second predetermined period, for example, 3 days.
  • the voltage drop amount D which is the difference from the voltage value of the unit cell
  • exceeds 0.025 V which is a predetermined threshold
  • the classification device 200 classifies the unit cell as a defective product into a defective product group. To do.
  • the classification device 200 determines that the unit cell is a group A having a voltage drop amount of 0.005V or less, and the voltage drop amount is greater than 0.005V to 0. Group B with 010 V or less, Group C with voltage drop greater than 0.010 V and less than 0.015 V, Group D with voltage drop greater than 0.015 V and less than 0.020 V, and voltage drop greater than 0.020 V It classify
  • FIG. 6 shows a classification device 200 that classifies the unit cells 11 into a plurality of groups.
  • a battery module including a plurality of unit cells classified into the same group by the classification device 200 can be manufactured.
  • the 6 includes an aging area 110, a discharge area 112, a voltage measuring device 116, a grouping device 118, a control device 120, a storage shelf 130, a transport device 140, and a conveyor 150.
  • the control device 120 controls the voltage measurement device 116 and the grouping device 118.
  • the aging area 110 is an area where the unit cell 11 is aged at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period.
  • a charger 115 is installed in the aging area 110, and the charger 115 charges the unit cell 11.
  • the charger 115 is not necessarily installed in the aging area 110.
  • the charger 115 may be installed outside the aging area 110 in the classification device 200, or may be installed outside the classification device 200.
  • a discharger 114 is installed in the discharge area 112, and the discharger 114 forcibly discharges the unit cell 11.
  • the voltage measuring device 116 measures the voltage of the unit cell 11. The voltage measured at this time is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell 11. As will be described later, voltages V1 and V2 are obtained as measurement results by the voltage measuring device 116.
  • the control device 120 records the voltages V1 and V2 in the memory 124.
  • the grouping device 118 classifies the unit cells 11 into groups A to E according to control by the control device 120.
  • the grouping device 118 transfers the unit cells 11 classified into the groups A to E onto the belt conveyor 150 by, for example, a pusher (not shown).
  • the unit cell 11 transferred to the conveyor is transported by the transport device 140 to the storage shelf 130 that is the storage location of the unit cell 11.
  • the storage shelf 130 cell shelves corresponding to each of the groups A to E are provided.
  • Unit cells 11 classified into groups A to E are transported to cell shelves corresponding to the respective groups. That is, the unit cells 11 are integrated for each group.
  • the control device 120 includes a CPU 122 that controls the entire control device 120, a memory 124 that stores programs and data, and an I / F (interface) 126 for connection to the voltage measurement device 116 and the grouping device 118. .
  • the CPU 122 is connected to the memory 124 and the I / F 126 via the system bus 128.
  • the transport device 140 transports the unit cell 11 between the devices in FIG. 6 as follows. (1) The unit cell on which aging has been performed is transported from the aging area 110 to the discharge area 112. (2) The discharged unit cell 11 is transported from the discharge area 112 to the voltage measuring device 116. (3) The unit cell 11 for which voltage measurement has been performed is transported from the voltage measurement device 116 to the aging area 110. (4) The unit cell 11 on which aging has been performed is transported from the aging area 110 to the voltage measuring device 116. (5) The unit cell 11 for which voltage measurement has been performed is transported from the voltage measurement device 116 to the grouping device 118. (6) The unit cells 11 classified into each group of the plurality of groups by the grouping device 118 are transported via the belt conveyor 150 to the storage shelf 130 provided with the storage location for each corresponding group.
  • the memory 124 includes an area where the ID of the unit cell 11 is recorded, an area where the voltages V1 and V2 are recorded, an area where the voltage drop amount D is recorded, and an area where the group name is recorded.
  • the voltage drop amount D is calculated by the CPU 122 of the control device 120 based on the voltages V1 and V2 stored in the memory 124, and the calculation result is recorded in the memory 124.
  • the ID of the unit cell 11 is printed or stamped on the outer peripheral surface of the battery when the unit cell is manufactured, for example.
  • the ID of the conveyed unit cell 11 is read by an ID reader (not shown), and the unit cell 11 to be processed is Identify.
  • Step S501 is a step of manufacturing the unit cell 11 constituting the battery module 100.
  • a cell ID is printed or stamped on the outer peripheral surface of the unit cell 11.
  • the manufactured unit cell 11 is conveyed to the aging area 110 shown in FIG.
  • Step S502 is a step in which the charger 115 charges the plurality of unit cells 11 until they are fully charged in the aging area 110. At this time, after each unit cell 11 is charged and discharged at least once within the range of 100% to 0% of the full charge voltage when fully charged, each unit cell 11 is set to be fully charged. May be charged.
  • step S503 for the plurality of unit cells 11 charged to be fully charged in step S502, in the aging area 110, a predetermined temperature, for example, 25 ° C., and a predetermined period a, for example, 0.5 days, ie, 12 days.
  • a predetermined temperature for example, 25 ° C.
  • a predetermined period a for example, 0.5 days, ie, 12 days.
  • Step S504 is a step in which the plurality of unit cells 11 that have been subjected to the first aging in step S503 are transported to the discharge area 114 shown in FIG. 6, and the discharger 114 forcibly discharges these unit cells 11. is there. In this forced discharge, the discharger 114 is discharged so as to have a predetermined voltage within a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage of each unit cell 11.
  • Step S505 is a step in which each unit cell 11 forcibly discharged in step S504 is conveyed to the voltage measuring device 116 and the voltage V1 of each unit cell 11 is measured. The measured value of the voltage V1 is recorded in the memory 124.
  • Step S506 is a step in which the unit cell 11 for which voltage measurement has been performed in Step S505 is transported to the aging area 110, and a second aging is performed at a predetermined temperature, for example, 25 ° C., for a predetermined time b, for example, 3 days. is there.
  • a predetermined temperature for example, 25 ° C.
  • a predetermined time b for example, 3 days.
  • the voltage range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage is also a voltage range in which the battery module 100 is frequently used as a product.
  • Step S507 is a step in which each unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the second aging in Step S506 is transported to the voltage measuring device 116, and the voltage V2 of each unit cell 11 is measured. The measured value of the voltage V2 is recorded in the memory 124. After the voltage measurement, the unit cell 11 is transported to the grouping device 118.
  • step S506 By setting the temperature at which the second aging is executed in step S506 to room temperature, the difference between the voltages V1 and V2 measured before and after the aging, that is, the voltage drop amount D is stabilized, and good measurement is performed. Accuracy is obtained.
  • step S509 the control device 120 determines that each of the plurality of unit cells 11 is one of the defective product group and the groups A to E based on the voltage drop amount D recorded in the memory 124 and the rule of FIG.
  • the group name is recorded in the memory 124 in association with the ID of each unit cell 11.
  • the control device 120 sends a grouping command signal to the grouping device 118.
  • the grouping command signal includes, for example, the IDs of all unit cells 11 classified into the same group together with the corresponding group names.
  • the grouping device 118 assigns a group name to each grouped unit cell 11 by bar code pasting, printing, or engraving.
  • the grouping device 118 groups a plurality of unit cells 11 based on a grouping command signal, and is connected to each cell shelf provided corresponding to each of the defective product group and the groups A to E. Each unit cell 11 is transferred to the existing belt conveyor 150. Each unit cell 11 transferred to the conveyor is transported to the storage shelf 130 by the transport device 140, and is accumulated and stored in the cell shelf corresponding to each unit cell 11. For example, a plurality of belt conveyors connected to the cell shelves of each group are provided, and the unit cells 11 classified into the group A are transferred to the belt conveyor connected to the cell shelves of the group A, and the group A It is accumulated in the cell shelf. This is the processing of the following steps S510 to S515.
  • Step S510 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the defective product group on the cell shelf of the defective product group of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S511 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group A on the cell shelf of the group A of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S512 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group B on the cell shelf of the group B of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S513 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group C on the cell shelf of the group C of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S514 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group D on the cell shelves of the group D of the storage shelves 130.
  • Step S515 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group E on the cell shelves of the group E of the storage shelves 130.
  • Step S516 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified in the group A.
  • Step S517 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified into the group B.
  • Step S518 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified in the group C.
  • Step S519 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified into the group D.
  • Step S520 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified in the group E.
  • the difference between the voltages V1 and V2 obtained by executing the aging twice is calculated as the voltage drop amount D, and a plurality of unit cells 11 are formed based on the voltage drop amount D.
  • the degree of deterioration of the plurality of unit cells 11 constituting the battery module 100 is made uniform, and the reliability and durability of the battery module 100 are improved.
  • the target voltage for forced discharge in step S504 is set to 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage, the target voltage is not limited to this.
  • the temperature at the time of executing the first aging is 25 ° C.
  • the aging period is 12 hours
  • the temperature at the time of executing the second aging is 25 ° C.
  • the aging period is 3 days.
  • the temperature and the aging period at the time of execution are not limited to these. In the first aging, it is preferable to secure at least 12 hours as the aging period.
  • Step S701 is a step of manufacturing the unit cell 11 as in Step S501 of FIG.
  • Step S702 is a step of charging the plurality of unit cells 11 manufactured in Step S701 to a predetermined voltage included in a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage. At this time, after the unit cell is charged and discharged at least once within the range of 100% to 0% of the full charge voltage, the predetermined voltage included within the range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage. You may charge up to. Thereby, the voltage of the unit cell 11 can be set to a stable voltage range without performing forced discharge.
  • Step S704 is a step of measuring the voltage V1 of the unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the first aging in Step S703, as in Step S505 of FIG.
  • Step S706 is a step of measuring the voltage V2 of the unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the second aging in Step S705, as in Step S507 of FIG.
  • Steps S706 to S719 are similar to Steps S507 to S520 of FIG. 5 in calculating the voltage drop amount D, grouping, integration of the unit cells 11 of the defective product group, integration of the unit cells 11 of the groups A to E, and groups A to S In this step, the battery module 100 is manufactured by the unit cell 11 of E.
  • the step of forced discharge can be omitted, so that the effect of shortening the manufacturing process can be obtained.
  • the charging target voltage in step S702 is a predetermined voltage included in the range of 30% to 95% of the full charging voltage, it is not limited to this. That is, the charging target voltage only needs to be included in a stable voltage range.
  • Steps S801 to S803 are similar to Steps S701 to S703 of FIG. 8 in that the unit cell 11 is manufactured, and the unit cell 11 is charged to a predetermined voltage within a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage. This is a step of performing the first aging on the unit cell 11.
  • step S804 the unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the first aging in step S803 is subjected to supplementary charging, and the unit cell 11 is moved to a predetermined voltage within a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage.
  • the target voltage for supplementary charging is, for example, the voltage of the unit cell 11 when aging is started in step S803, that is, the voltage at the time when the charging performed in step S802 before the first aging is completed.
  • the target voltage for supplementary charging for the unit cell 11 that has been aged after being charged to 50% of the full charge voltage is 50% of the full charge voltage.
  • the auxiliary charging in step S804 is performed in order to make the voltage V1 when starting the second aging substantially constant, the charging voltage by the auxiliary charging is, for example, a level that suppresses variations in the voltages of the unit cells 11. Voltage.
  • Steps S805 to S820 are similar to Steps S704 to S719 of FIG. 8, in which voltage V1 measurement, second aging, voltage V2 measurement, voltage drop amount D calculation, grouping, integration of unit cells 11 of groups A to E, This is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 by the unit cells 11 of the groups A to E.
  • the voltage V1 before the start of the second aging (step S806) is uniform, and the accuracy of the voltage drop amount D is further improved.
  • Battery modules used for HEVs and EVs are generally used at a voltage near 50% of full charge.
  • the self-discharge amount of the unit cell in the fully charged state is not necessarily the self-discharge amount of the unit cell in the actual use environment. Since they do not match, the unit cell classification accuracy may be reduced.
  • the unit cell 11 is charged up to 50% of the full charge voltage in step S804
  • the plurality of unit cells are accurately determined based on the self-discharge amount of the unit cell in the actual use environment. Classified well.
  • the charge target voltage of step S802 is a predetermined voltage included in a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage, it is not limited to this. That is, the charging target voltage only needs to be included in a stable voltage range.
  • the auxiliary charging target voltage in step S804 is the voltage at the end of charging, it is not limited to this. That is, the charging target voltage may be included in the range of 30% to 95% of the full charging voltage.
  • the first aging execution temperature in step S503 of FIG. 7 is set to a higher temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower in the processing of the first embodiment.
  • the manufacturing method of 4th Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
  • Steps S901 and S902 are steps for manufacturing the unit cell 11 and charging the unit cell 11 to the full charge voltage, similarly to Steps S501 and S502 of FIG.
  • step S903 the unit cell 11 charged to the full charge voltage in step S902 is at a predetermined temperature higher than room temperature, for example, 40 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less, for a predetermined time a, for example, 0.5 days, that is, 12 days.
  • a predetermined time a for example, 0.5 days, that is, 12 days.
  • Steps S904 to S920 are similar to Steps S504 to S520 in FIG. 7. Discharge, voltage V1 measurement, second aging, voltage V2 measurement, voltage drop amount D calculation, grouping, group A to E of unit cells 11 This is a step of performing integration, manufacturing of the battery module 100 by the unit cells 11 of the groups A to E, and the like. In addition, if the voltage of the unit cell 11 becomes a predetermined voltage within the range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage by executing the first aging in Step S903, the forced discharge in Step S904 is It is unnecessary.
  • the first aging is performed at a higher temperature than the first embodiment, so that the processing time of the first aging can be shortened and the manufacturing process can be shortened.
  • the temperature at the time of executing the first aging in step S903 is set to 40 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less and the aging time is set to 3 days, the temperature and the aging period for executing the aging are not limited to these. In addition, it is preferable to make the temperature at the time of performing the first aging different from the temperature at the time of performing the second aging by 10 ° C. or more.
  • the temperature condition for executing the second aging is 10 ° C. or more.
  • the third aging under different temperature conditions and the third measurement of the voltage V3 are performed, and the temperature sensitivity evaluation based on the temperature change rate Y of the voltage drop amount described later is also executed.
  • the manufacturing method of 5th Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
  • Steps S1001 to S1008 are the same as steps S501 to S508 in FIG. 7 in the manufacture, charge, first aging, discharge, voltage V1 measurement, second aging, voltage V2 measurement, and voltage drop amount D of the unit cell 11. This is the step of performing the calculation.
  • Step S1009 is included in a predetermined temperature higher than room temperature, for example, in the range of 40 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower, with respect to the unit cell 11 for which the voltage drop amount D is calculated in Step S1008, as in Step S508 of FIG.
  • the third aging is performed at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time c, for example, 0.5 days, that is, 12 hours or more. Since the diffusion of lithium is promoted by such high temperature aging, the voltage V3 of the unit cell 11 after aging is lower in the unit cell 11 having higher temperature sensitivity.
  • Step S1010 is a step of measuring the voltage V3 of the unit cell 11 that has been aged in step S1009.
  • the temperature change rate Y is expressed by equation (2).
  • the temperature change rate Y indicates that the smaller the value, the higher the temperature sensitivity.
  • step S1012 unit cells 11 having a voltage drop amount D larger than a predetermined threshold are classified into defective product groups, and non-defective unit cells 11 are set to a voltage drop amount D as in the first to fourth embodiments.
  • group A to E In FIG. 11, only the groups A to C are shown in a simplified manner. Therefore, in the following description, it is assumed that the good unit cell 11 is classified into groups A to C.
  • Step S1013 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the defective product group to the cell shelf of the defective product group in the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1014 is a step in which the control device 120 specifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group A.
  • Step S1015 is a step in which the control device 120 specifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group B.
  • Step S1016 is a step in which the control device 120 specifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group C.
  • Step S1017 is a step in which the control device 120 classifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group A into the small groups A1, A2, and A3 based on the temperature change rate Y. For example, unit cells 11 with a relatively small temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group A1, unit cells 11 with a relatively large temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group A3, and unit cells that are not classified into any of the small groups 11, that is, the unit cell 11 having a medium temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group A2.
  • Step S1018 is a step in which the control device 120 classifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group B into the small groups B1, B2, and B3 based on the temperature change rate Y. For example, unit cells 11 with a relatively small temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group B1, unit cells 11 with a relatively large temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group B3, and unit cells that are not classified into any small group 11, that is, the unit cell 11 having a medium temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group B2.
  • Step S1019 is a step in which the control device 120 classifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group C into the small groups C1, C2, and C3 based on the temperature change rate Y. For example, a unit cell 11 with a relatively small temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group C1, a unit cell 11 with a relatively large temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group C3, and a unit cell that is not classified into any small group 11, that is, the unit cell 11 having a medium temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group C2.
  • the control device 120 assigns each of the plurality of unit cells 11 to one of the small groups A1 to A3, B1 to B3, and C1 to C3 based on the temperature change rate Y recorded in the memory 124.
  • the small group name is recorded in the memory 124 in association with the ID of each unit cell 11.
  • the control device 120 sends a grouping command signal to the grouping device 118.
  • the grouping command signal includes, for example, the IDs of all unit cells 11 classified into the same small group together with the corresponding small group name.
  • Each grouped unit cell 11 is given a small group name by attaching a barcode, printing, or marking.
  • the grouping device 118 groups the plurality of unit cells 11 based on the grouping command signal, and is provided corresponding to each of the defective product group and the small groups A1 to A3, B1 to B3, and C1 to C3.
  • Each unit cell 11 is transferred to the belt conveyor 150 connected to each cell shelf.
  • Each unit cell 11 transferred to the conveyor is transported to the storage shelf 130 by the transport device 140, and is accumulated and stored in the cell shelf corresponding to each unit cell 11.
  • a plurality of belt conveyors connected to the cell shelves of each small group are provided, and the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A1 are transferred to the belt conveyor connected to the cell shelves of the small group A1. And are accumulated in the cell shelves of the small group A1. This is the processing of the following steps S1020 to S1028.
  • Step S1020 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A1 to the cell shelves of the small group A1 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1021 is a step in which the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A2 are transported to the cell shelves of the small group A2 of the storage shelf 130 and accumulated.
  • Step S1022 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A3 to the cell shelves of the small group A3 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1023 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group B1 to the cell shelves of the small group B1 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1024 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group B2 to the cell shelves of the small group B2 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1025 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group B3 to the cell shelves of the small group B3 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1026 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group C1 to the cell shelves of the small group C1 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1027 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group C2 to the cell shelves of the small group C2 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1028 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group C3 to the cell shelves of the small group C3 of the storage shelf 130.
  • Step S1029 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A1.
  • Step S1030 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group A2.
  • Step S1031 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group A3.
  • Step S1032 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group B1.
  • Step S1033 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group B2.
  • Step S1034 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group B3.
  • Step S1035 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group C1.
  • Step S1036 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group C2.
  • Step S1037 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group C3.
  • the temperature change rate Y representing the change rate of the voltage drop amount D with respect to the temperature change is added to the evaluation criteria. Therefore, in addition to the effect of the first embodiment, it is possible to further suppress the variation of the unit cells 11 of the secondary battery in the battery module.
  • the first to fifth embodiments described above can be modified and implemented as follows.
  • the grouping rule shown in FIG. 5 is an example, and the number of groups and boundary values may be arbitrarily set according to cell characteristics and aging conditions.
  • the temperature of the third aging is set to a high temperature, but it may be lower than the second aging, for example, ⁇ 20 to 10 ° C.
  • a favorable temperature change rate can be obtained by making the second aging temperature different from the third aging temperature by 10 ° C. or more.
  • the present invention is not limited to other types of lithium ion batteries such as a square, Or it can apply to secondary batteries other than a lithium ion battery.

Abstract

This method for manufacturing a battery module comprises: charging each of a plurality of secondary battery unit cells; carrying out a first aging; carrying out a first voltage measurement that measures a first voltage after the first aging; carrying out a second aging after the first voltage measurement; carrying out a second voltage measurement that measures a second voltage after the second aging; calculating the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage as an amount of voltage reduction; classifying the plurality of unit cells into a plurality of groups based on the amounts of voltage reduction; and manufacturing a battery module that includes a plurality of unit cells classified into each group of the plurality of groups.

Description

バッテリーモジュールの製造方法およびバッテリーモジュールBattery module manufacturing method and battery module
　本発明は、二次電池の単位セルを複数個接続して構成したバッテリーモジュールに関する。 The present invention relates to a battery module configured by connecting a plurality of unit cells of a secondary battery.
　電気自動車（ＥＶ）や駆動の一部を電気モータで補助するハイブリッド電気自動車（ＨＥＶ）に使用される二次電池には、高容量かつ高出力の性能が要求される。このような二次電池は、複数の単位セルを直列に接続したバッテリーモジュールとして構成される。１個のバッテリーモジュールに含まれる複数の単位セルのそれぞれにおいて、正極、負極、セパレータ、電解液などの部品の製造時のばらつきなどに起因して、自己放電による電圧低下量が不均一となることがある。 A secondary battery used in an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that assists a part of driving by an electric motor is required to have high capacity and high output performance. Such a secondary battery is configured as a battery module in which a plurality of unit cells are connected in series. In each of a plurality of unit cells included in one battery module, the amount of voltage drop due to self-discharge becomes non-uniform due to variations in manufacturing parts such as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution. There is.
　単位セルの電圧低下量が不均一な場合、初期充電電圧を揃えたとしても、各単位セルの電圧は時間が経過するにつれてばらつく。その結果、電圧が低いセルは放電時に過放電となり易く、電圧が高いセルは充電の際に過充電になり易い。過放電および過充電は、長期使用時における二次電池の劣化の大きな要因となり、長期使用時の信頼性が損なわれる。 When the amount of voltage drop in the unit cell is uneven, the voltage of each unit cell varies over time even if the initial charge voltage is made uniform. As a result, cells with a low voltage are likely to be overdischarged during discharge, and cells with a high voltage are likely to be overcharged during charging. Overdischarge and overcharge become a major factor of deterioration of the secondary battery during long-term use, and reliability during long-term use is impaired.
　特許文献１には、単位セルを満充電まで充電して放置した後に、単位セルの電圧を検出して自己放電量を測定することによって、単位セルを分類する方法が開示されている。この分類方法により、自己放電量が均一化された単位セル同士を用いたバッテリーモジュールを構成する技術が、特許文献１に開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a method of classifying unit cells by charging the unit cells until they are fully charged and then leaving them, and then detecting the voltage of the unit cells and measuring the self-discharge amount. A technique for configuring a battery module using unit cells with uniform self-discharge amounts by this classification method is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
日本国特開２００４－３２８９０２号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-328902
　特許文献１に開示されたセル分類方法によると、電圧低下が急激に進む最初の数時間の期間に測定される電圧低下特性に基づいてセルが分類される。しかし、この期間の電圧低下特性は、充電速度や温度などの影響により大きく変化するため、電圧低下特性の測定値は不安定である。そのため、特許文献１のセル分類方法を用いてバッテリーモジュールを製造すると、バッテリーモジュールの性能、信頼性を充分に高めることができない。 According to the cell classification method disclosed in Patent Document 1, cells are classified based on the voltage drop characteristic measured in the first several hours during which the voltage drop rapidly proceeds. However, since the voltage drop characteristic during this period changes greatly due to the influence of the charging speed, temperature, etc., the measured value of the voltage drop characteristic is unstable. Therefore, when a battery module is manufactured using the cell classification method of Patent Document 1, the performance and reliability of the battery module cannot be sufficiently improved.
　本発明の第１の態様によると、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法は、二次電池の複数の単位セルをそれぞれ充電することと、充電された複数の単位セルに自己放電させる１回目のエージングを実行することと、１回目のエージングの後に複数の単位セルの各々の第１電圧を測定する１回目の電圧測定を行うことと、１回目の電圧測定の後に複数の単位セルに自己放電させる２回目のエージングを実行することと、２回目のエージングの後に複数の単位セルの各々の第２電圧を測定する２回目の電圧測定を行うことと、第１電圧と第２電圧との差分を電圧低下量として算出することと、電圧低下量に基づいて、複数の単位セルを複数のグループに分類することと、複数のグループのうちの各グループに分類された複数の単位セルを含むバッテリーモジュールを製造することとを備える。
　本発明の第２の態様によると、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法は、第１の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、複数の単位セルをそれぞれ充電する際は、複数の単位セルの各々が満充電になるように充電し、１回目のエージングの後、かつ１回目の電圧測定の前に、複数の単位セルの各々が所定電圧になるよう、複数の単位セルの各々に放電させる強制放電を行い、複数の単位セルの各々が満充電であるときの満充電電圧に対する所定電圧の割合が所定範囲内に含まれるのが好ましい。
　本発明の第３の態様によると、第２の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、所定範囲は３０％以上９５％以下の範囲であるのが好ましい。
　本発明の第４の態様によると、第１乃至第３のいずれかの態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、１回目のエージングと、２回目のエージングとを、ともに２５℃の温度で実行するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第５の態様によると、第１乃至第４のいずれかの態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、複数の単位セルを複数のグループに分類する際、複数の単位セルのうち、電圧低下量が予め定められた閾値よりも大きい単位セルを、不良品として不良品グループに分類するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第６の態様によると、第５の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、複数の単位セルを複数のグループに分類する際、複数の単位セルのうち、電圧低下量が予め定められた閾値以下の単位セルを、電圧低下量に基づいて、不良品グループとは異なる複数のグループのいずれかに分類するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第７の態様によると、第１の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、複数の単位セルをそれぞれ充電する際は、複数の単位セルの各々の電圧が所定電圧になるように充電し、複数の単位セルの各々が満充電であるときの満充電電圧に対する所定電圧の割合が所定範囲内に含まれるのが好ましい。
　本発明の第８の態様によると、第７の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、所定範囲は３０％以上９５％以下の範囲であるのが好ましい。
　本発明の第９の態様によると、第７の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
　１回目のエージングの後、かつ１回目の電圧測定の前に、複数の単位セルの各々の電圧が所定電圧になるように、複数の単位セルをそれぞれ補充電するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第１０の態様によると、第９の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、所定範囲は３0％以上９５％以下の範囲であるのが好ましい。
　本発明の第１１の態様によると、第７乃至第１０のいずれかの態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、１回目のエージングと、２回目のエージングとを、ともに２５℃の温度で実行するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第１２の態様によると、第１の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、１回目のエージングを、２回目のエージングよりも高い温度で実行するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第１３の態様によると、第１２の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、１回目のエージングを４０℃以上７０℃以下の温度で実行し、２回目のエージングを２５℃の温度で実行するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第１４の態様によると、第４の態様のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、電圧低下量を算出した後、かつ複数の単位セルを複数のグループに分類する前に、複数の単位セルに対して、２回目のエージングを実行した際の温度と１０℃以上異なる温度で複数の単位セルに自己放電させる３回目のエージングを実行し、３回目のエージングの後に複数の単位セルの各々の第３電圧を測定する３回目の電圧測定を行い、電圧低下量を第２電圧と第３電圧との差分で除算して温度変化率を算出し、複数の単位セルを複数のグループに分類した後、かつバッテリーモジュールを製造する前に、各グループに分類された複数の単位セルを、温度変化率に基づいて複数の小グループに分類し、バッテリーモジュールを製造する際は、複数の小グループのうちの各小グループに分類された複数の単位セルを使用してバッテリーモジュールを製造するのが好ましい。
　本発明の第１５の態様によると、バッテリーモジュールは、第１乃至第１４のいずれかの態様のバッテリーモジュール製造方法で製造されるのが好ましい。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the battery module manufacturing method performs charging of each of the plurality of unit cells of the secondary battery and first aging for self-discharge of the plurality of charged unit cells. A first voltage measurement for measuring the first voltage of each of the plurality of unit cells after the first aging, and a second time for self-discharge to the plurality of unit cells after the first voltage measurement. Performing the aging, performing the second voltage measurement for measuring the second voltage of each of the plurality of unit cells after the second aging, and calculating the difference between the first voltage and the second voltage as a voltage drop amount A plurality of unit cells classified into a plurality of groups based on the voltage drop amount, and a battery including a plurality of unit cells classified into each of the plurality of groups And a to produce a module.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method of the first aspect, each of the plurality of unit cells is fully charged when charging the plurality of unit cells. And after the first aging and before the first voltage measurement, perform a forced discharge to discharge each of the plurality of unit cells so that each of the plurality of unit cells has a predetermined voltage, The ratio of the predetermined voltage to the full charge voltage when each of the plurality of unit cells is fully charged is preferably included in the predetermined range.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing the battery module according to the second aspect, the predetermined range is preferably in the range of 30% to 95%.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to any one of the first to third aspects, both the first aging and the second aging are performed at a temperature of 25 ° C. Is preferred.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, when the plurality of unit cells are classified into the plurality of groups, the voltage drop among the plurality of unit cells. It is preferable to classify unit cells whose amount is larger than a predetermined threshold as a defective product into a defective product group.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to the fifth aspect, when the plurality of unit cells are classified into a plurality of groups, a voltage drop amount is predetermined among the plurality of unit cells. It is preferable to classify unit cells below the threshold into any of a plurality of groups different from the defective product group based on the voltage drop amount.
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to the first aspect, when charging the plurality of unit cells, charging is performed so that each voltage of the plurality of unit cells becomes a predetermined voltage. The ratio of the predetermined voltage to the full charge voltage when each of the plurality of unit cells is fully charged is preferably included in the predetermined range.
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to the seventh aspect, the predetermined range is preferably in the range of 30% to 95%.
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing the battery module according to the seventh aspect,
Preferably, after the first aging and before the first voltage measurement, each of the plurality of unit cells is supplementarily charged so that each voltage of the plurality of unit cells becomes a predetermined voltage.
According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to the ninth aspect, the predetermined range is preferably in the range of 30% to 95%.
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the method for manufacturing a battery module according to any one of the seventh to tenth aspects, the first aging and the second aging are both performed at a temperature of 25 ° C. Is preferred.
According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method of the first aspect, it is preferable that the first aging is performed at a temperature higher than the second aging.
According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to the twelfth aspect, the first aging is performed at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower, and the second aging is performed at a temperature of 25 ° C. It is preferable to do this.
According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the battery module manufacturing method according to the fourth aspect, after calculating the voltage drop amount and before classifying the plurality of unit cells into the plurality of groups, On the other hand, the third aging is performed in which the plurality of unit cells are self-discharged at a temperature different from the temperature at which the second aging is performed by 10 ° C. or more, and the third aging is performed after the third aging. After performing the third voltage measurement to measure 3 voltages, dividing the voltage drop by the difference between the second voltage and the third voltage to calculate the rate of temperature change, and classifying multiple unit cells into multiple groups In addition, before manufacturing the battery module, a plurality of unit cells classified into each group are classified into a plurality of small groups based on the temperature change rate. Preferably, to produce a battery module using a plurality of unit cells that are classified into small groups of the group.
According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the battery module is preferably manufactured by the battery module manufacturing method according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects.
　本発明によれば、バッテリーモジュールの性能、信頼性を向上させることができる。 According to the present invention, the performance and reliability of the battery module can be improved.
本発明によるバッテリーモジュールの第１実施形態を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of the battery module by this invention. 本発明によるバッテリーモジュールの第１実施形態に適用される単位セルの例を示す分解斜視図である。FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a unit cell applied to the first embodiment of the battery module according to the present invention. 図２の単位セルの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the unit cell of FIG. 図２の単位セルの放置時間と電圧との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the leaving time of the unit cell of FIG. 2, and a voltage. 単位セルのグループ分けルールを説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the grouping rule of a unit cell. 実施形態によるバッテリーモジュール製造装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the battery module manufacturing apparatus by embodiment. 図３のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the battery module of FIG. 本発明によるバッテリーモジュールの第２実施形態の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a battery module according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 本発明によるバッテリーモジュールの第３実施形態の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。6 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a battery module according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 本発明によるバッテリーモジュールの第４実施形態の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。6 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a fourth embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention. 本発明によるバッテリーモジュールの第５実施形態の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a battery module according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
　本発明によるバッテリーモジュールおよびその製造方法の実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。各実施形態のバッテリーモジュールはＨＥＶやＥＶに搭載される。 Embodiments of a battery module and a manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The battery module of each embodiment is mounted on HEV or EV.
－－－第１実施形態－－－
（バッテリーモジュール）
　図１は、本発明によるバッテリーモジュールの第１実施形態を示す。図１において、バッテリーモジュール１００は、複数の組電池２０ａ，２０ｂを含むセルコントローラ３０と、セルコントローラ３０の制御および情報管理のためのバッテリーコントローラ４０とを含む。セルコントローラ３０は、各組電池２０ａ，２０ｂを制御するセルコントローラＩＣ２１と、各セルコントローラＩＣ２１を通じて各組電池２０ａ，２０ｂを制御するマイクロコンピュータ２２とを含む。 --- First embodiment ---
(Battery module)
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a battery module according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, a battery module 100 includes a cell controller 30 including a plurality of assembled batteries 20a and 20b, and a battery controller 40 for controlling the cell controller 30 and managing information. The cell controller 30 includes a cell controller IC 21 that controls the assembled batteries 20a and 20b, and a microcomputer 22 that controls the assembled batteries 20a and 20b through the cell controller IC 21.
　各組電池２０ａ，２０ｂは、直列接続された二次電池の複数の単位セル１１を含み、単位セル１１のプラス、マイナス両端子がセルコントローラＩＣ２１に電気的に接続されている。各セルコントローラＩＣ２１は、マイクロコンピュータ２２と通信線で接続される。マイクロコンピュータ２２は、各組電池２０ａ，２０ｂの充放電情報など種々の情報を管理する。 Each assembled battery 20a, 20b includes a plurality of unit cells 11 of secondary batteries connected in series, and both positive and negative terminals of the unit cell 11 are electrically connected to the cell controller IC 21. Each cell controller IC 21 is connected to the microcomputer 22 via a communication line. The microcomputer 22 manages various information such as charging / discharging information of the assembled batteries 20a and 20b.
　上述したように、バッテリーモジュール１００は、１個ないし複数個のセルコントローラ３０を含み、各セルコントローラ３０はバッテリーコントローラ４０に電気的に接続されている。バッテリーコントローラ４０は、各セルコントローラ３０の制御と情報管理とに使用されると共に、バッテリーモジュール１００を電源とする車両の上位システムと通信を行う。 As described above, the battery module 100 includes one or more cell controllers 30, and each cell controller 30 is electrically connected to the battery controller 40. The battery controller 40 is used for control of each cell controller 30 and information management, and communicates with a host system using the battery module 100 as a power source.
　二次電池である単位セル１１は、インバータ４１を介して車両駆動用モータ４２に電気的に接続されている。インバータ４１は、直流電力を３相交流電力に変換する。駆動モータ４２は３相交流電力で駆動される。 The unit cell 11 which is a secondary battery is electrically connected to a vehicle driving motor 42 via an inverter 41. The inverter 41 converts DC power into three-phase AC power. The drive motor 42 is driven with three-phase AC power.
（単位セル）
　図２、図３は、バッテリーモジュール１００に含まれる単位セル１１の一例である円筒型リチウムイオン二次電池の構造を示す。なお、図２および図３は、円筒型リチウムイオン二次電池に必須の要素を主に示している。 (Unit cell)
2 and 3 show the structure of a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery which is an example of the unit cell 11 included in the battery module 100. FIG. 2 and 3 mainly show essential elements for the cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery.
　単位セル１１は、電極群８を有する。電極群８は、正極電極１４および負極電極１５を、セパレータ１８を介して、樹脂製の軸芯７の周囲に捲回して得られる。正極電極１４はアルミニウム等の金属薄膜であり、両面に正極合剤１６が塗布されている。図２において、正極電極１４には、上方、すなわち正極側の長辺部に、複数の正極タブ１２が設けられている。負極電極１５は銅等の金属薄膜であり、両面に負極合剤１７が塗布されている。図２において、下方、すなわち負極側の長辺部に、複数の負極タブ１３が設けられている。セパレータ１８は、絶縁性を有する多孔質であり、正極電極１４および負極電極１５とともに樹脂製の軸芯７の周囲に捲回される。一部のセパレータ１８は、電極群の最外周を被覆するように捲回される。最外周を被覆するように捲回されるセパレータ１８の捲回端部は粘着テープ１９で固定されている。 The unit cell 11 has an electrode group 8. The electrode group 8 is obtained by winding the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 15 around a resin-made shaft core 7 via a separator 18. The positive electrode 14 is a metal thin film made of aluminum or the like, and a positive electrode mixture 16 is applied to both surfaces. In FIG. 2, the positive electrode 14 is provided with a plurality of positive electrode tabs 12 on the upper side, that is, on the long side portion on the positive electrode side. The negative electrode 15 is a metal thin film made of copper or the like, and a negative electrode mixture 17 is applied to both surfaces. In FIG. 2, a plurality of negative electrode tabs 13 are provided below, that is, on the long side portion on the negative electrode side. The separator 18 is an insulating porous material, and is wound around the resin-made shaft core 7 together with the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 15. Some separators 18 are wound so as to cover the outermost periphery of the electrode group. The winding end of the separator 18 wound so as to cover the outermost periphery is fixed with an adhesive tape 19.
　軸芯７は管状であり、その両端には正極集電部品である正極集電板５と負極集電部品である負極集電板６とが嵌入され、固定されている。正極集電板５には、正極タブ１２が、例えば、超音波溶接法により溶接されている。同様に、負極集電板６には、負極タブ１３が、例えば、超音波溶接法により溶接されている。 The shaft core 7 has a tubular shape, and a positive electrode current collector plate 5 as a positive electrode current collector component and a negative electrode current collector plate 6 as a negative electrode current collector component are fitted and fixed at both ends thereof. A positive electrode tab 12 is welded to the positive electrode current collector plate 5 by, for example, an ultrasonic welding method. Similarly, the negative electrode tab 13 is welded to the negative electrode current collector plate 6 by, for example, an ultrasonic welding method.
　電極群８は、底面５４が負極端子となる円筒状の電池容器１に収納されている。負極集電板６は、負極リード１０を介して電池容器１の底面５４に電気的に接続されている。負極リード１０の底面５４への接続は、電極群８ならびに正極集電板５および負極集電板６を電池容器１内へ収納した後に実施される。すなわち、軸芯７の中央に溶接冶具を挿通し、溶接治具と底面５４との間に負極リード１０を挟持しつつ押圧して、負極リード１０を底面５４に溶接する。 The electrode group 8 is housed in a cylindrical battery case 1 whose bottom surface 54 serves as a negative electrode terminal. The negative electrode current collector plate 6 is electrically connected to the bottom surface 54 of the battery container 1 through the negative electrode lead 10. Connection of the negative electrode lead 10 to the bottom surface 54 is performed after the electrode group 8, the positive electrode current collector plate 5, and the negative electrode current collector plate 6 are accommodated in the battery container 1. That is, a welding jig is inserted into the center of the shaft core 7 and pressed while sandwiching the negative electrode lead 10 between the welding jig and the bottom surface 54, thereby welding the negative electrode lead 10 to the bottom surface 54.
　電池容器１の開口部５２は、上蓋３および上蓋ケース４を有する上蓋部５０によって封口される。上蓋部５０は、正極集電板５と電気的に接続されている。正極集電板５の上面には、導電性の可撓性リボンよりなる正極リード９の一端が溶接されている。正極リード９の他端は、上蓋ケース４の底面に溶接される。正極集電板５は、上蓋３に電気的に接続される。こうして、上蓋部５０には、電極群８の正極が電気的に接続され、上蓋３が正極端子として機能する。  The opening 52 of the battery container 1 is sealed by the upper lid 50 having the upper lid 3 and the upper lid case 4. The upper lid part 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode current collector plate 5. One end of a positive electrode lead 9 made of a conductive flexible ribbon is welded to the upper surface of the positive electrode current collector plate 5. The other end of the positive electrode lead 9 is welded to the bottom surface of the upper lid case 4. The positive electrode current collector plate 5 is electrically connected to the upper lid 3. Thus, the positive electrode of the electrode group 8 is electrically connected to the upper lid part 50, and the upper lid 3 functions as a positive electrode terminal.
　電極群８を電池容器１へ収納した後、上蓋部５０で電池容器１を閉鎖する前に、非水電解液が電池容器１内に注入される。また、電池容器１と上蓋ケース４との間にはガスケット２が設けられ、このガスケット２により電池容器１の開口部５２が密閉される。ガスケット２は、正電位を有する上蓋部５０と負電位を有する電池容器１とを電気的に絶縁する。 After housing the electrode group 8 in the battery container 1, the nonaqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery container 1 before closing the battery container 1 with the upper lid part 50. A gasket 2 is provided between the battery case 1 and the upper lid case 4, and the opening 52 of the battery case 1 is sealed by the gasket 2. The gasket 2 electrically insulates the upper lid part 50 having a positive potential from the battery container 1 having a negative potential.
　正極合剤１６は、正極活物質と、正極導電材と、正極バインダとを有する。正極活物質は、リチウム酸化物が好ましい。正極活物質の例として、コバルト酸リチウム、マンガン酸リチウム、ニッケル酸リチウム、リン酸鉄リチウム、リチウム複合酸化物（コバルト、ニッケル、マンガンから選ばれる２種類以上を含むリチウム酸化物）、などが挙げられる。正極導電材は、正極合剤中におけるリチウムイオンの吸蔵／放出反応で生じた電子の正極電極への伝達を補助できる物質である。正極導電材の例として、黒鉛やアセチレンブラックなどが挙げられる。正極バインダは、正極活物質と正極導電材とを結着させること、および正極合剤と正極集電体とを結着させることが可能である。正極バインダは、非水電解液との接触により、大幅に劣化することはない。正極バインダの例としてポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）やフッ素ゴムなどが挙げられる。 The positive electrode mixture 16 has a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode conductive material, and a positive electrode binder. The positive electrode active material is preferably lithium oxide. Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium composite oxide (lithium oxide containing two or more selected from cobalt, nickel, and manganese). It is done. The positive electrode conductive material is a substance that can assist transmission of electrons generated by the occlusion / release reaction of lithium ions in the positive electrode mixture to the positive electrode. Examples of the positive electrode conductive material include graphite and acetylene black. The positive electrode binder can bind the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode conductive material, and can bind the positive electrode mixture and the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode binder does not deteriorate significantly due to contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte. Examples of the positive electrode binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and fluororubber.
　正極電極上に正極合剤が形成される方法の例として、正極合剤の構成物質の分散溶液を正極電極上に塗布する方法が挙げられる。塗布方法の例として、ロール塗工法、スリットダイ塗工法、などが挙げられる。分散溶液の溶媒例として、Ｎ－メチルピロリドン（ＮＭＰ）や水が挙げられる。正極合剤１６の塗布の厚さは、例えば、正極電極の両側それぞれに約４０μｍずつである。 As an example of a method for forming a positive electrode mixture on a positive electrode, a method of applying a dispersion solution of constituent materials of the positive electrode mixture on the positive electrode can be mentioned. Examples of the coating method include a roll coating method and a slit die coating method. Examples of the solvent for the dispersion solution include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and water. The coating thickness of the positive electrode mixture 16 is, for example, about 40 μm on each side of the positive electrode.
　負極合剤１７は、負極活物質と、負極バインダと、増粘剤とを有する。なお、負極合剤１７は、アセチレンブラックなどの負極導電材を有しても良い。本発明では、負極活物質として、黒鉛炭素を用いることが好ましい。黒鉛炭素を用いることにより、大容量であることが要求されるプラグインハイブリッド自動車や電気自動車向けのリチウムイオン二次電池を製造することができる。 The negative electrode mixture 17 has a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a thickener. The negative electrode mixture 17 may have a negative electrode conductive material such as acetylene black. In the present invention, it is preferable to use graphitic carbon as the negative electrode active material. By using graphite carbon, it is possible to manufacture a lithium ion secondary battery for plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles that are required to have a large capacity.
　負極電極１５上に負極合剤１７が形成される方法の例として、負極合剤１７の構成物質の分散溶液を負極電極１５上に塗布する方法が挙げられる。塗布方法の例として、ロール塗工法、スリットダイ塗工法、などが挙げられる。負極合剤１７の塗布の厚さは、例えば、負極電極の両側それぞれに約４０μｍずつである。 As an example of a method for forming the negative electrode mixture 17 on the negative electrode 15, a method of applying a dispersion solution of the constituent material of the negative electrode mixture 17 on the negative electrode 15 can be mentioned. Examples of the coating method include a roll coating method and a slit die coating method. The coating thickness of the negative electrode mixture 17 is, for example, about 40 μm on each side of the negative electrode.
　非水電解液として、リチウム塩がカーボネート系溶媒に溶解した溶液を用いることが好ましい。リチウム塩の例として、フッ化リン酸リチウム（ＬｉＰＦ６）、フッ化ホウ酸リチウム（ＬｉＢＦ６）、などが挙げられる。また、カーボネート系溶媒の例として、エチレンカーボネート（ＥＣ）、ジメチルカーボネート（ＤＭＣ）、プロピレンカーボネート（ＰＣ）、メチルエチルカーボネート（ＭＥＣ）、あるいは上記溶媒から選ばれる２種類以上の溶媒を混合したもの、が挙げられる。 As the non-aqueous electrolyte, it is preferable to use a solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a carbonate solvent. Examples of the lithium salt include lithium fluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium fluoroborate (LiBF 6 ), and the like. Examples of carbonate solvents include ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), propylene carbonate (PC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), or a mixture of two or more solvents selected from the above solvents, Is mentioned.
（自己放電特性）
　上述のようにして構成されている単位セル１１は、充電後に放置されると、自己放電により電圧が低下する。この自己放電量は製造段階での各構成部材のばらつきに応じて変化する。例えば、正極合剤１６や負極合剤１７の厚みのばらつき、あるいは非水電解液の組成および不純物などのばらつきに応じて変化する。また、製造段階で排除できない導電性の異物が単位セル１１の内部に混入すると、正極１４と負極１５とが異物を介して微小短絡され、単位セル１１の電圧は更に低下する。 (Self-discharge characteristics)
If the unit cell 11 configured as described above is left after being charged, the voltage drops due to self-discharge. This self-discharge amount changes according to the variation of each component in the manufacturing stage. For example, it varies according to variations in the thickness of the positive electrode mixture 16 and the negative electrode mixture 17, or variations in the composition and impurities of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Further, when conductive foreign matter that cannot be excluded in the manufacturing stage is mixed in the unit cell 11, the positive electrode 14 and the negative electrode 15 are minutely short-circuited through the foreign matter, and the voltage of the unit cell 11 further decreases.
　バッテリーモジュール内の複数の単位セル１１の自己放電による電圧低下量がばらつくと、最初は全ての単位セル１１の電圧を同等に充電したとしても、時間の経過と共に各単位セル１１の電圧がばらつくことになる。換言すると、自己放電に伴う電圧低下量にばらつきがある複数の単位セルにより構成されたバッテリーモジュールにおいて、電圧が低いセルは放電の際に過放電になり易く、電圧が高いセルは充電の際に過充電になり易い。 When the amount of voltage drop due to self-discharge of a plurality of unit cells 11 in the battery module varies, the voltage of each unit cell 11 varies over time even if the voltages of all unit cells 11 are initially charged equally. become. In other words, in a battery module composed of a plurality of unit cells that vary in the amount of voltage drop due to self-discharge, a cell having a low voltage is likely to be overdischarged during discharge, and a cell having a high voltage is charged during charging. Prone to overcharging.
　そこで、本発明によるバッテリーモジュール製造方法では、複数の単位セル１１に対して少なくとも２回のエージングを実行し、各エージング後の電圧の差を電圧低下量として測定し、電圧低下量と予め定められた複数の基準値との大小関係に応じて複数の単位セル１１をグループ分けする。その上で、同一グループに分類された複数個の単位セル１１を含むバッテリーモジュールを製造する。 Therefore, in the battery module manufacturing method according to the present invention, the aging is performed at least twice for the plurality of unit cells 11, and the voltage difference after each aging is measured as a voltage drop amount. The plurality of unit cells 11 are grouped according to the magnitude relationship with the plurality of reference values. Then, a battery module including a plurality of unit cells 11 classified into the same group is manufactured.
　図４に、充電後に放置された単位セル１１の、放電時間に対する電圧変化の一例を示す。図４では、正常な単位セル、すなわち良品である単位セルの電圧変化を実線で示し、異常な単位セル、すなわち不良品である単位セルの電圧変化を破線で示している。図４から分かるように、充電後に放置された単位セルは、放電時間０から数時間が経過するまでに、急激に電圧が低下し、その後の電圧低下は緩やかである。正常な単位セルにおいても、自己放電量のばらつきに起因して電圧低下量は単位セルによって異なり、放置期間が長くなるほどセル電圧の電圧値の差異が大きくなる。一方、微小短絡が発生した異常な単位セルでは、正常な単位セルに比較して電圧低下が著しい。 FIG. 4 shows an example of voltage change with respect to discharge time of the unit cell 11 left after charging. In FIG. 4, the voltage change of a normal unit cell, that is, a good unit cell is indicated by a solid line, and the voltage change of an abnormal unit cell, that is, a defective unit cell is indicated by a broken line. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the voltage of the unit cell left after charging suddenly drops until several hours have elapsed from the discharge time 0, and the subsequent voltage drop is gradual. Even in a normal unit cell, the voltage drop amount varies depending on the unit cell due to variations in the self-discharge amount, and the difference in the voltage value of the cell voltage increases as the leaving period becomes longer. On the other hand, in an abnormal unit cell in which a micro short circuit has occurred, the voltage drop is significant compared to a normal unit cell.
　そこで、本実施形態では、単位セルの電圧低下量が予め定められた閾値を超えた場合には、図６に示す分類装置２００が、その単位セルを異常な単位セル、すなわち不良品として不良品グループに分類する。さらに加えて、本実施形態では、分類装置２００が、正常な単位セル、すなわち良品を、その自己放電による電圧低下量の大きさに基づいて複数のグループに分類する。 Therefore, in this embodiment, when the voltage drop amount of a unit cell exceeds a predetermined threshold, the classification device 200 shown in FIG. 6 determines that the unit cell is an abnormal unit cell, that is, a defective product as a defective product. Classify into groups. In addition, in the present embodiment, the classification device 200 classifies normal unit cells, that is, non-defective products into a plurality of groups based on the magnitude of the voltage drop due to the self-discharge.
　図５は、単位セルのグループ分けのルールの一例を示す。図５に示すように、電圧低下量に基づいて不良品と良品とを別々にグループ分けするための予め定められた閾値は、例えば０．０２５Ｖである。すなわち、単位セルが、満充電されてから第１の所定期間、例えば１２時間放置された後のその単位セルの電圧値と、その後、さらに第２の所定期間、例えば３日間放置された後のその単位セルの電圧値との差分である電圧低下量Ｄが、予め定められた閾値である０．０２５Ｖを越えているとき、分類装置２００は、その単位セルを不良品として不良品グループに分類する。 FIG. 5 shows an example of grouping rules for unit cells. As shown in FIG. 5, the predetermined threshold value for separately grouping defective products and non-defective products based on the voltage drop amount is, for example, 0.025V. That is, after the unit cell is fully charged, the voltage value of the unit cell after being left for a first predetermined period, for example, 12 hours, and then after being left for a second predetermined period, for example, 3 days. When the voltage drop amount D, which is the difference from the voltage value of the unit cell, exceeds 0.025 V, which is a predetermined threshold, the classification device 200 classifies the unit cell as a defective product into a defective product group. To do.
　一方、単位セルの電圧低下量が０．０２５Ｖ以下のときに、分類装置２００は、その単位セルを、電圧低下量が０．００５Ｖ以下のグループＡ、電圧低下量が０．００５Ｖより大きく０．０１０Ｖ以下のグループＢ、電圧低下量が０．０１０Ｖより大きく０．０１５Ｖ以下のグループＣ、電圧低下量が０．０１５Ｖより大きく０．０２０Ｖ以下のグループＤ、および電圧低下量が０．０２０Ｖより大きく０．０２５Ｖ以下のグループＥのうちのいずれか１つの該当するグループに分類する。 On the other hand, when the voltage drop amount of the unit cell is 0.025V or less, the classification device 200 determines that the unit cell is a group A having a voltage drop amount of 0.005V or less, and the voltage drop amount is greater than 0.005V to 0. Group B with 010 V or less, Group C with voltage drop greater than 0.010 V and less than 0.015 V, Group D with voltage drop greater than 0.015 V and less than 0.020 V, and voltage drop greater than 0.020 V It classify | categorizes into any one applicable group of the group E below 0.025V.
　図６は、単位セル１１を複数のグループに分類する分類装置２００を示す。分類装置２００により同一グループに分類された複数の単位セルを含むバッテリーモジュールを製造することができる。 FIG. 6 shows a classification device 200 that classifies the unit cells 11 into a plurality of groups. A battery module including a plurality of unit cells classified into the same group by the classification device 200 can be manufactured.
　図６の分類装置２００は、エージングエリア１１０、放電エリア１１２、電圧測定装置１１６、グループ分け装置１１８、制御装置１２０、保管棚１３０、搬送装置１４０、およびコンベア１５０を含む。制御装置１２０は、電圧測定装置１１６およびグループ分け装置１１８を制御する。エージングエリア１１０は、単位セル１１を所定温度で、所定期間エージングする領域である。エージングエリア１１０には、充電器１１５が設置され、充電器１１５は単位セル１１を充電する。充電器１１５は、必ずしもエージングエリア１１０に設置されなくてもよい。充電器１１５は、例えば、分類装置２００内のエージングエリア１１０外部に設置されることとしてもよいし、分類装置２００外部に設置されることとしてもよい。 6 includes an aging area 110, a discharge area 112, a voltage measuring device 116, a grouping device 118, a control device 120, a storage shelf 130, a transport device 140, and a conveyor 150. The control device 120 controls the voltage measurement device 116 and the grouping device 118. The aging area 110 is an area where the unit cell 11 is aged at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period. A charger 115 is installed in the aging area 110, and the charger 115 charges the unit cell 11. The charger 115 is not necessarily installed in the aging area 110. For example, the charger 115 may be installed outside the aging area 110 in the classification device 200, or may be installed outside the classification device 200.
　放電エリア１１２には放電器１１４が設置され、放電器１１４は単位セル１１を強制放電させる。電圧測定装置１１６は、単位セル１１の電圧を測定する。このとき測定される電圧は、単位セル１１の開回路電圧である。後述するように、電圧測定装置１１６による測定結果として電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２が得られる。制御装置１２０は、電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２をメモリ１２４に記録する。グループ分け装置１１８は、制御装置１２０による制御にしたがって、単位セル１１をグループＡ～Ｅへ分類する。グループ分け装置１１８は、グループＡ～Ｅに分類された単位セル１１を、例えば不図示のプッシャーによって、ベルトコンベア１５０に移載する。コンベアに移載された単位セル１１は、搬送装置１４０によって、単位セル１１の保管場所である保管棚１３０まで搬送される。保管棚１３０には、グループＡ～Ｅの各々に対応したセル棚が設けられている。グループＡ～Ｅへ分類された単位セル１１が、それぞれのグループに対応したセル棚まで搬送される。すなわち、単位セル１１がグループ毎に集積される。 A discharger 114 is installed in the discharge area 112, and the discharger 114 forcibly discharges the unit cell 11. The voltage measuring device 116 measures the voltage of the unit cell 11. The voltage measured at this time is the open circuit voltage of the unit cell 11. As will be described later, voltages V1 and V2 are obtained as measurement results by the voltage measuring device 116. The control device 120 records the voltages V1 and V2 in the memory 124. The grouping device 118 classifies the unit cells 11 into groups A to E according to control by the control device 120. The grouping device 118 transfers the unit cells 11 classified into the groups A to E onto the belt conveyor 150 by, for example, a pusher (not shown). The unit cell 11 transferred to the conveyor is transported by the transport device 140 to the storage shelf 130 that is the storage location of the unit cell 11. In the storage shelf 130, cell shelves corresponding to each of the groups A to E are provided. Unit cells 11 classified into groups A to E are transported to cell shelves corresponding to the respective groups. That is, the unit cells 11 are integrated for each group.
　制御装置１２０は、制御装置１２０全体を制御するＣＰＵ１２２と、プログラムやデータを格納するメモリ１２４と、電圧測定装置１１６およびグループ分け装置１１８への接続のためのＩ／Ｆ（インターフェース）１２６とを含む。ＣＰＵ１２２はシステムバス１２８を介してメモリ１２４およびＩ／Ｆ１２６に接続されている。 The control device 120 includes a CPU 122 that controls the entire control device 120, a memory 124 that stores programs and data, and an I / F (interface) 126 for connection to the voltage measurement device 116 and the grouping device 118. . The CPU 122 is connected to the memory 124 and the I / F 126 via the system bus 128.
　搬送装置１４０は、図６の各装置間で単位セル１１を次のように搬送する。
（１）エージングが実行された単位セルをエージングエリア１１０から放電エリア１１２に搬送する。
（２）放電した単位セル１１を放電エリア１１２から電圧測定装置１１６に搬送する。
（３）電圧測定が行われた単位セル１１を電圧測定装置１１６からエージングエリア１１０に搬送する。
（４）エージングが実行された単位セル１１をエージングエリア１１０から電圧測定装置１１６に搬送する。
（５）電圧測定が行われた単位セル１１を電圧測定装置１１６からグループ分け装置１１８に搬送する。
（６）グループ分け装置１１８によって複数のグループのうちの各グループに分類された単位セル１１を、ベルトコンベア１５０を介して、該当するグループ毎の保管場所が設けられた保管棚１３０に搬送する。 The transport device 140 transports the unit cell 11 between the devices in FIG. 6 as follows.
(1) The unit cell on which aging has been performed is transported from the aging area 110 to the discharge area 112.
(2) The discharged unit cell 11 is transported from the discharge area 112 to the voltage measuring device 116.
(3) The unit cell 11 for which voltage measurement has been performed is transported from the voltage measurement device 116 to the aging area 110.
(4) The unit cell 11 on which aging has been performed is transported from the aging area 110 to the voltage measuring device 116.
(5) The unit cell 11 for which voltage measurement has been performed is transported from the voltage measurement device 116 to the grouping device 118.
(6) The unit cells 11 classified into each group of the plurality of groups by the grouping device 118 are transported via the belt conveyor 150 to the storage shelf 130 provided with the storage location for each corresponding group.
　制御装置１２０は上述した電圧低下量Ｄを演算する。電圧低下量Ｄは、上述した電圧Ｖ１およびＶ２の差分（Ｖ１－Ｖ２）として得られる。制御装置１２０は、単位セル１１の識別子、すなわちＩＤと、電圧低下量Ｄとに基づいてグループ分け装置１１８を制御する。 The control device 120 calculates the voltage drop amount D described above. The voltage drop amount D is obtained as the difference (V1−V2) between the voltages V1 and V2. The control device 120 controls the grouping device 118 based on the identifier of the unit cell 11, that is, the ID and the voltage drop amount D.
　メモリ１２４には、単位セル１１のＩＤが記録される領域、電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２が記録される領域、電圧低下量Ｄが記録される領域、グループ名が記録される領域がそれぞれ設けられている。電圧低下量Ｄは、制御装置１２０のＣＰＵ１２２において、メモリ１２４によって記憶された電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２に基づいて算出され、算出結果がメモリ１２４に記録される。 The memory 124 includes an area where the ID of the unit cell 11 is recorded, an area where the voltages V1 and V2 are recorded, an area where the voltage drop amount D is recorded, and an area where the group name is recorded. The voltage drop amount D is calculated by the CPU 122 of the control device 120 based on the voltages V1 and V2 stored in the memory 124, and the calculation result is recorded in the memory 124.
　単位セル１１のＩＤは、例えば、単位セル製造時に電池外周面に印字または刻印される。エージングエリア１１０、放電エリア１１２、電圧測定装置１１６、グループ分け装置１１８のそれぞれにおいては、搬送されてきた単位セル１１のＩＤが不図示のＩＤ読取装置によって読み取られ、処理対象となる単位セル１１を識別する。 The ID of the unit cell 11 is printed or stamped on the outer peripheral surface of the battery when the unit cell is manufactured, for example. In each of the aging area 110, the discharge area 112, the voltage measuring device 116, and the grouping device 118, the ID of the conveyed unit cell 11 is read by an ID reader (not shown), and the unit cell 11 to be processed is Identify.
（分類および製造の手順）
　図５のグループ分けを含むバッテリーモジュール１００の製造方法について、図７のフローチャートを参照して説明する。 (Classification and manufacturing procedures)
A manufacturing method of the battery module 100 including the grouping of FIG. 5 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
　ステップＳ５０１は、バッテリーモジュール１００を構成する単位セル１１を製造するステップである。単位セル１１の外周面にはセルＩＤが印字または刻印されている。製造された単位セル１１は、図６に示すエージングエリア１１０に搬送される。 Step S501 is a step of manufacturing the unit cell 11 constituting the battery module 100. A cell ID is printed or stamped on the outer peripheral surface of the unit cell 11. The manufactured unit cell 11 is conveyed to the aging area 110 shown in FIG.
　ステップＳ５０２は、エージングエリア１１０において、充電器１１５が複数の単位セル１１を満充電まで充電するステップである。このとき、満充電であるときの満充電電圧の１００％から０％の範囲内で各単位セル１１の充電と放電とを少なくとも１回ずつ行った後に、満充電になるように各単位セル１１を充電しても良い。 Step S502 is a step in which the charger 115 charges the plurality of unit cells 11 until they are fully charged in the aging area 110. At this time, after each unit cell 11 is charged and discharged at least once within the range of 100% to 0% of the full charge voltage when fully charged, each unit cell 11 is set to be fully charged. May be charged.
　ステップＳ５０３は、ステップＳ５０２で満充電になるように充電された複数の単位セル１１に対して、エージングエリア１１０において、所定温度、例えば２５℃で、所定期間ａ、例えば０．５日、すなわち１２時間の、１回目のエージングを実行するステップである。エージングとは、複数の単位セル１１を放置することによって、それぞれの単位セル１１に自己放電させる処理である。満充電になるように充電された各単位セル１１に対するエージングによって、各単位セルの電圧は短時間で大きく低下した後、安定化する。 In step S503, for the plurality of unit cells 11 charged to be fully charged in step S502, in the aging area 110, a predetermined temperature, for example, 25 ° C., and a predetermined period a, for example, 0.5 days, ie, 12 days. This is a step of executing the first aging of time. Aging is a process in which a plurality of unit cells 11 are left to self-discharge to each unit cell 11. Due to aging of each unit cell 11 charged to be fully charged, the voltage of each unit cell is greatly reduced in a short time and then stabilized.
　ステップＳ５０４は、ステップＳ５０３で１回目のエージングが実行された複数の単位セル１１を、図６に示す放電エリア１１４に搬送し、放電器１１４が強制的にそれらの単位セル１１を放電させるステップである。この強制放電では、放電器１１４は、各単位セル１１の満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内の所定電圧になるよう、放電させる。 Step S504 is a step in which the plurality of unit cells 11 that have been subjected to the first aging in step S503 are transported to the discharge area 114 shown in FIG. 6, and the discharger 114 forcibly discharges these unit cells 11. is there. In this forced discharge, the discharger 114 is discharged so as to have a predetermined voltage within a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage of each unit cell 11.
　ステップＳ５０５は、ステップＳ５０４で強制放電させられた各単位セル１１を電圧測定装置１１６まで搬送して、各単位セル１１の電圧Ｖ１を測定するステップである。電圧Ｖ１の測定値はメモリ１２４に記録される。 Step S505 is a step in which each unit cell 11 forcibly discharged in step S504 is conveyed to the voltage measuring device 116 and the voltage V1 of each unit cell 11 is measured. The measured value of the voltage V1 is recorded in the memory 124.
　ステップＳ５０６は、ステップＳ５０５で電圧測定が行われた単位セル１１をエージングエリア１１０に搬送し、所定温度、例えば２５℃で、所定時間ｂ、例えば３日間の、２回目のエージングを実行するステップである。なお、エージング中の温度を一般的に管理が容易な室温、すなわち２５℃付近とすることで、エージング後の電圧測定において、測定値を安定化させることができるとともに、バッテリーモジュール１００が使用される環境下での測定を行うことができる。 Step S506 is a step in which the unit cell 11 for which voltage measurement has been performed in Step S505 is transported to the aging area 110, and a second aging is performed at a predetermined temperature, for example, 25 ° C., for a predetermined time b, for example, 3 days. is there. Note that, by setting the temperature during aging to a room temperature that is generally easy to manage, that is, around 25 ° C., the measured value can be stabilized in the voltage measurement after aging, and the battery module 100 is used. Measurement under the environment can be performed.
　ステップＳ５０６で２回目のエージングの実行が開始される際の各単位セル１１の充電状態を、ステップＳ５０４の強制放電によって、各単位セル１１の満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の所定電圧に調整しているのは、次の理由（１）、（２）による。
（１）各単位セル１１の電圧が満充電電圧から少なくとも満充電電圧の９５％まで低下していれば、その後の時間の経過に伴う電圧低下量が安定する。
（２）満充電電圧の３０％以下の電圧を有する単位セル１１に対してステップＳ５０６における２回目のエージングを実行する際の電圧低下量は安定しない。 The charge state of each unit cell 11 when the execution of the second aging is started in step S506 is changed to a predetermined voltage of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage of each unit cell 11 by forced discharge in step S504. The adjustment is based on the following reasons (1) and (2).
(1) If the voltage of each unit cell 11 is reduced from the fully charged voltage to at least 95% of the fully charged voltage, the amount of voltage decrease with the passage of time thereafter is stabilized.
(2) The amount of voltage drop when the second aging in step S506 is performed on the unit cell 11 having a voltage of 30% or less of the full charge voltage is not stable.
　なお、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の電圧の範囲は、バッテリーモジュール１００が製品として使用される頻度の高い電圧範囲でもある。 The voltage range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage is also a voltage range in which the battery module 100 is frequently used as a product.
　ステップＳ５０７は、ステップＳ５０６で２回目のエージングが実行された各単位セル１１を電圧測定装置１１６まで搬送して、各単位セル１１の電圧Ｖ２を測定するステップである。電圧Ｖ２の測定値はメモリ１２４に記録される。電圧測定後、グループ分け装置１１８まで単位セル１１が搬送される。 Step S507 is a step in which each unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the second aging in Step S506 is transported to the voltage measuring device 116, and the voltage V2 of each unit cell 11 is measured. The measured value of the voltage V2 is recorded in the memory 124. After the voltage measurement, the unit cell 11 is transported to the grouping device 118.
　ステップＳ５０８は、制御装置１２０が、ステップＳ５０５、Ｓ５０７でそれぞれ測定された電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２の差分を、電圧低下量Ｄとして算出するステップである。すなわち、電圧低下量Ｄは式（１）で表される。電圧低下量Ｄはメモリ１２４に記録される。
　Ｄ［ｍＶ］＝Ｖ１－Ｖ２　　　　　　　　　　　　　（１） Step S508 is a step in which the control device 120 calculates the difference between the voltages V1 and V2 measured in steps S505 and S507, respectively, as the voltage drop amount D. That is, the voltage drop amount D is represented by the formula (1). The voltage drop amount D is recorded in the memory 124.
D [mV] = V1-V2 (1)
　なお、ステップＳ５０６における２回目のエージングが実行される際の温度を室温としたことにより、そのエージングの前後で測定される電圧Ｖ１、Ｖ２の差分、すなわち電圧低下量Ｄが安定化し、良好な測定精度が得られる。 By setting the temperature at which the second aging is executed in step S506 to room temperature, the difference between the voltages V1 and V2 measured before and after the aging, that is, the voltage drop amount D is stabilized, and good measurement is performed. Accuracy is obtained.
　ステップＳ５０９は、制御装置１２０が、メモリ１２４に記録された電圧低下量Ｄと、図５のルールとに基づいて、複数の単位セル１１の各々を不良品グループおよびグループＡ～Ｅのうちのいずれのグループに分類するかを決定し、メモリ１２４に各単位セル１１のＩＤに対応付けてグループ名を記録する。制御装置１２０は、グループ分け装置１１８にグループ分け指令信号を送出する。グループ分け指令信号には、例えば、同一グループに分類されている全ての単位セル１１のＩＤが、対応するグループ名とともに含まれる。グループ分け装置１１８は、グループ分けされた各単位セル１１に対して、バーコード貼付や印字、刻印などによりグループ名を付す。 In step S509, the control device 120 determines that each of the plurality of unit cells 11 is one of the defective product group and the groups A to E based on the voltage drop amount D recorded in the memory 124 and the rule of FIG. The group name is recorded in the memory 124 in association with the ID of each unit cell 11. The control device 120 sends a grouping command signal to the grouping device 118. The grouping command signal includes, for example, the IDs of all unit cells 11 classified into the same group together with the corresponding group names. The grouping device 118 assigns a group name to each grouped unit cell 11 by bar code pasting, printing, or engraving.
　グループ分け装置１１８は、グループ分け指令信号に基づいて複数の単位セル１１をグループ分けして、不良品グループおよびグループＡ～グループＥの各グループに対応して設けられた各セル棚へ接続されているベルトコンベア１５０に各単位セル１１を移載する。コンベアに移載された各単位セル１１は、搬送装置１４０によって保管棚１３０まで搬送されて、各単位セル１１に対応するセル棚に集積され、保管される。たとえば、各グループのセル棚に接続された複数本のベルトコンベアが設けられ、グループＡに分類された単位セル１１は、グループＡのセル棚に接続されたベルトコンベアに移載されて、グループＡのセル棚に集積される。これは以下のステップＳ５１０～Ｓ５１５の処理である。 The grouping device 118 groups a plurality of unit cells 11 based on a grouping command signal, and is connected to each cell shelf provided corresponding to each of the defective product group and the groups A to E. Each unit cell 11 is transferred to the existing belt conveyor 150. Each unit cell 11 transferred to the conveyor is transported to the storage shelf 130 by the transport device 140, and is accumulated and stored in the cell shelf corresponding to each unit cell 11. For example, a plurality of belt conveyors connected to the cell shelves of each group are provided, and the unit cells 11 classified into the group A are transferred to the belt conveyor connected to the cell shelves of the group A, and the group A It is accumulated in the cell shelf. This is the processing of the following steps S510 to S515.
　ステップＳ５１０は、不良品グループに分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の不良品グループのセル棚に集積するステップである。 Step S510 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the defective product group on the cell shelf of the defective product group of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ５１１は、グループＡに分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０のグループＡのセル棚に集積するステップである。 Step S511 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group A on the cell shelf of the group A of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ５１２は、グループＢに分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０のグループＢのセル棚に集積するステップである。 Step S512 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group B on the cell shelf of the group B of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ５１３は、グループＣに分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０のグループＣのセル棚に集積するステップである。 Step S513 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group C on the cell shelf of the group C of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ５１４は、グループＤに分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０のグループＤのセル棚に集積するステップである。 Step S514 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group D on the cell shelves of the group D of the storage shelves 130.
　ステップＳ５１５は、グループＥに分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０のグループＥのセル棚に集積するステップである。 Step S515 is a step of accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the group E on the cell shelves of the group E of the storage shelves 130.
　ステップＳ５１６は、グループＡに分類された複数の単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S516 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified in the group A.
　ステップＳ５１７は、グループＢに分類された複数の単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S517 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified into the group B.
　ステップＳ５１８は、グループＣに分類された複数の単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S518 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified in the group C.
　ステップＳ５１９は、グループＤに分類された複数の単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S519 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified into the group D.
　ステップＳ５２０は、グループＥに分類された複数の単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S520 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the plurality of unit cells 11 classified in the group E.
　第１実施形態によれば、２回のエージングを実行して得られた電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２の差分を電圧低下量Ｄとして算出され、この電圧低下量Ｄに基づいて複数の単位セル１１が複数のグループに分類される。したがって、満充電された各単位セルの放電初期の不安定な時期における自己放電量に基づいて複数の単位セルが分類される従来技術に比べて精度良く、複数の単位セル１１を分類することができる。その結果、バッテリーモジュール１００を構成する複数の単位セル１１の劣化の程度が均一化され、バッテリーモジュール１００の信頼性、耐久性が向上する。 According to the first embodiment, the difference between the voltages V1 and V2 obtained by executing the aging twice is calculated as the voltage drop amount D, and a plurality of unit cells 11 are formed based on the voltage drop amount D. Classified into groups. Therefore, it is possible to classify the plurality of unit cells 11 with higher accuracy than in the prior art in which the plurality of unit cells are classified based on the self-discharge amount in the unstable initial stage of discharge of each fully charged unit cell. it can. As a result, the degree of deterioration of the plurality of unit cells 11 constituting the battery module 100 is made uniform, and the reliability and durability of the battery module 100 are improved.
　ステップＳ５０３における１回目のエージングで自己放電初期の不安定な電圧低下の影響を除去し、さらにステップＳ５０４における強制放電で、その後に測定される電圧Ｖ１が安定な電圧範囲に含まれるようにすることができる。そのため、時間差に応じた電圧低下量Ｄ（Ｄ＝Ｖ１－Ｖ２）の測定値の安定化を図ることができる。その結果、複数の単位セル１１の複数のグループへの分類の精度が高まるという効果が得られる。 The effect of unstable voltage drop at the initial stage of self-discharge is removed by the first aging in step S503, and the voltage V1 measured thereafter is included in the stable voltage range by forced discharge in step S504. Can do. Therefore, it is possible to stabilize the measured value of the voltage drop amount D (D = V1-V2) according to the time difference. As a result, an effect of increasing the accuracy of classification of the plurality of unit cells 11 into a plurality of groups can be obtained.
　なお、ステップＳ５０４の強制放電の目標電圧を、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下としたが、目標電圧はこれに限定されない。また、１回目のエージングを実行する際の温度を２５℃、かつエージング期間を１２時間とし、２回目のエージングを実行する際の温度を２５℃、かつエージング期間を３日間としたが、エージングを実行する際の温度およびエージング期間はこれらに限定されない。なお、１回目のエージングでは、エージング期間として少なくとも１２時間を確保するのが好ましい。 Although the target voltage for forced discharge in step S504 is set to 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage, the target voltage is not limited to this. In addition, the temperature at the time of executing the first aging is 25 ° C., the aging period is 12 hours, the temperature at the time of executing the second aging is 25 ° C., and the aging period is 3 days. The temperature and the aging period at the time of execution are not limited to these. In the first aging, it is preferable to secure at least 12 hours as the aging period.
－－－第２実施形態－－－
　本発明によるバッテリーモジュール１００の製造方法の第２実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。第２実施形態は、第１実施形態のステップＳ５０２における満充電電圧までの充電に代えて、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれる所定電圧までの充電を採用し、これによって強制放電（ステップＳ５０４）を省略したものである。第２実施形態の製造方法について、図８のフローチャートを参照して説明する。 --- Second Embodiment ---
A second embodiment of a method for manufacturing a battery module 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the second embodiment, instead of charging up to the full charge voltage in step S502 of the first embodiment, charging up to a predetermined voltage included in the range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage is adopted. Thus, the forced discharge (step S504) is omitted. The manufacturing method of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
　ステップＳ７０１は、図７のステップＳ５０１と同様に、単位セル１１を製造するステップである。 Step S701 is a step of manufacturing the unit cell 11 as in Step S501 of FIG.
　ステップＳ７０２は、ステップＳ７０１で製造された複数の単位セル１１を、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれる所定電圧まで充電するステップである。このとき、単位セルを満充電電圧の１００％から０％の範囲内で充電と放電とを少なくとも1回ずつ行った後に、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれる所定電圧まで充電しても良い。これによって、強制放電を行うことなく、単位セル１１の電圧を安定な電圧範囲とすることができる。 Step S702 is a step of charging the plurality of unit cells 11 manufactured in Step S701 to a predetermined voltage included in a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage. At this time, after the unit cell is charged and discharged at least once within the range of 100% to 0% of the full charge voltage, the predetermined voltage included within the range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage. You may charge up to. Thereby, the voltage of the unit cell 11 can be set to a stable voltage range without performing forced discharge.
　ステップＳ７０３は、ステップＳ７０２で充電された単位セル１１に対して、図７のステップＳ５０３と同様、所定温度、例えば２５℃で、所定時間ａ、例えば０．５日間、すなわち１２時間の、１回目のエージングを実施するステップである。 In step S703, the unit cell 11 charged in step S702 is subjected to a first time at a predetermined temperature, for example, 25 ° C., for a predetermined time a, for example, 0.5 days, that is, for 12 hours, as in step S503 of FIG. This is a step of performing aging.
　ステップＳ７０４は、図７のステップＳ５０５と同様、ステップＳ７０３で１回目のエージングが実行された単位セル１１の電圧Ｖ１を測定するステップである。 Step S704 is a step of measuring the voltage V1 of the unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the first aging in Step S703, as in Step S505 of FIG.
　ステップＳ７０５は、ステップＳ７０４で電圧測定が行われた単位セル１１に対して、図７のステップＳ５０６と同様、所定温度、例えば２５℃で、所定時間ｂ、例えば３日間の、２回目のエージングを実行するステップである。 In step S705, the unit cell 11 for which voltage measurement was performed in step S704 is subjected to a second aging at a predetermined temperature, for example, 25 ° C., for a predetermined time b, for example, 3 days, as in step S506 of FIG. Step to execute.
　ステップＳ７０６は、図７のステップＳ５０７と同様、ステップＳ７０５で２回目のエージングが実行された単位セル１１の電圧Ｖ２を測定するステップである。 Step S706 is a step of measuring the voltage V2 of the unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the second aging in Step S705, as in Step S507 of FIG.
　ステップＳ７０６～Ｓ７１９は、図５のステップＳ５０７～Ｓ５２０と同様、電圧低下量Ｄの算出、グループ分け、不良品グループの単位セル１１の集積、グループＡ～Ｅの単位セル１１の集積、グループＡ～Ｅの単位セル１１によるバッテリーモジュール１００の製造等を実施するステップである。 Steps S706 to S719 are similar to Steps S507 to S520 of FIG. 5 in calculating the voltage drop amount D, grouping, integration of the unit cells 11 of the defective product group, integration of the unit cells 11 of the groups A to E, and groups A to S In this step, the battery module 100 is manufactured by the unit cell 11 of E.
　第２実施形態は、第１実施形態の効果に加え、強制放電のステップを省略できるため、製造工程の短縮という効果が得られる。 In the second embodiment, in addition to the effect of the first embodiment, the step of forced discharge can be omitted, so that the effect of shortening the manufacturing process can be obtained.
　なお、ステップＳ７０２の充電目標電圧を満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれる所定電圧としたが、これに限定されない。すなわち、その充電目標電圧が、安定な電圧範囲内に含まれればよい。 In addition, although the charging target voltage in step S702 is a predetermined voltage included in the range of 30% to 95% of the full charging voltage, it is not limited to this. That is, the charging target voltage only needs to be included in a stable voltage range.
－－－第３実施形態－－－
　本発明によるバッテリーモジュール１００の製造方法の第３実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。第３実施形態は、第２実施形態の処理において、図８のステップＳ７０４における電圧測定の前に補充電を実行し、電圧Ｖ１を略一定に揃えることとしたものである。第３実施形態の製造方法について、図９のフローチャートを参照して説明する。 --- Third embodiment ---
A third embodiment of a method for manufacturing a battery module 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the third embodiment, in the process of the second embodiment, auxiliary charging is performed before the voltage measurement in step S704 of FIG. 8, and the voltage V1 is made substantially constant. The manufacturing method of 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
　ステップＳ８０１～Ｓ８０３は、図８のステップＳ７０１～Ｓ７０３と同様に、単位セル１１を製造し、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれる所定電圧まで単位セル１１を充電し、単位セル１１に対して１回目のエージングを実行するステップである。 Steps S801 to S803 are similar to Steps S701 to S703 of FIG. 8 in that the unit cell 11 is manufactured, and the unit cell 11 is charged to a predetermined voltage within a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage. This is a step of performing the first aging on the unit cell 11.
　ステップＳ８０４は、ステップＳ８０３で１回目のエージングが実行された単位セル１１に対して補充電を行い、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれる所定電圧まで、単位セル１１を充電するステップである。補充電の目標電圧は、例えば、ステップＳ８０３でエージングの実行を開始した際の単位セル１１の電圧、すなわち、１回目のエージング前にステップＳ８０２で実施された充電が終了した時点の電圧である。たとえば、満充電電圧の５０％まで充電された後にエージングが実行された単位セル１１に対する補充電の目標電圧は、満充電電圧の５０％の電圧である。ステップＳ８０４における補充電は、２回目のエージングを開始する際の電圧Ｖ１を略一定に揃えるために行われるので、補充電による充電電圧は、例えば各単位セル１１の電圧のばらつきを抑える程度の僅かな電圧である。 In step S804, the unit cell 11 that has been subjected to the first aging in step S803 is subjected to supplementary charging, and the unit cell 11 is moved to a predetermined voltage within a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage. Charging step. The target voltage for supplementary charging is, for example, the voltage of the unit cell 11 when aging is started in step S803, that is, the voltage at the time when the charging performed in step S802 before the first aging is completed. For example, the target voltage for supplementary charging for the unit cell 11 that has been aged after being charged to 50% of the full charge voltage is 50% of the full charge voltage. Since the auxiliary charging in step S804 is performed in order to make the voltage V1 when starting the second aging substantially constant, the charging voltage by the auxiliary charging is, for example, a level that suppresses variations in the voltages of the unit cells 11. Voltage.
　ステップＳ８０５～Ｓ８２０は、図８のステップＳ７０４～Ｓ７１９と同様に、電圧Ｖ１測定、２回目のエージング、電圧Ｖ２測定、電圧低下量Ｄ算出、グループ分け、グループＡ～Ｅの単位セル１１の集積、グループＡ～Ｅの単位セル１１によるバッテリーモジュール１００の製造等を実施するステップである。 Steps S805 to S820 are similar to Steps S704 to S719 of FIG. 8, in which voltage V1 measurement, second aging, voltage V2 measurement, voltage drop amount D calculation, grouping, integration of unit cells 11 of groups A to E, This is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 by the unit cells 11 of the groups A to E.
　第３実施形態は、第２実施形態の効果に加え、２回目のエージング（ステップＳ８０６）開始前の電圧Ｖ１が均一となり、電圧低下量Ｄの精度がさらに向上するという効果が得られる。 In the third embodiment, in addition to the effects of the second embodiment, the voltage V1 before the start of the second aging (step S806) is uniform, and the accuracy of the voltage drop amount D is further improved.
　ＨＥＶやＥＶに使用されるバッテリーモジュールは、一般には、満充電の５０％付近の電圧で使用される。満充電状態における単位セルの自己放電量に基づいて複数の単位セルが分類される従来技術によると、満充電状態における単位セルの自己放電量が実使用環境下における単位セルの自己放電量と必ずしも一致しないため、単位セルの分類精度が低下する場合がある。しかし、本実施の形態では、ステップＳ８０４において、単位セル１１は満充電電圧の５０％の電圧まで充電されるため、実使用環境下における単位セルの自己放電量に基づいて複数の単位セルが精度良く分類される。 Battery modules used for HEVs and EVs are generally used at a voltage near 50% of full charge. According to the prior art in which a plurality of unit cells are classified based on the self-discharge amount of the unit cell in the fully charged state, the self-discharge amount of the unit cell in the fully charged state is not necessarily the self-discharge amount of the unit cell in the actual use environment. Since they do not match, the unit cell classification accuracy may be reduced. However, in the present embodiment, since the unit cell 11 is charged up to 50% of the full charge voltage in step S804, the plurality of unit cells are accurately determined based on the self-discharge amount of the unit cell in the actual use environment. Classified well.
　なお、ステップＳ８０２の充電目標電圧を、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれる所定電圧としたが、これに限定されない。すなわち、その充電目標電圧が、安定な電圧範囲内に含まれればよい。また、ステップＳ８０４の補充電目標電圧を、充電終了時の電圧としたが、これに限定されない。すなわち、その充電目標電圧が、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内に含まれればよい。 In addition, although the charge target voltage of step S802 is a predetermined voltage included in a range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage, it is not limited to this. That is, the charging target voltage only needs to be included in a stable voltage range. Further, although the auxiliary charging target voltage in step S804 is the voltage at the end of charging, it is not limited to this. That is, the charging target voltage may be included in the range of 30% to 95% of the full charging voltage.
－－－第４実施形態－－－
　本発明によるバッテリーモジュール１００の製造方法の第４実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。第４実施形態は、第１実施形態の処理において、図７のステップＳ５０３における１回目のエージングの実行温度を、より高温の４０℃以上７０℃以下に設定したものである。第４実施形態の製造方法について、図１０のフローチャートを参照して説明する。 --- Fourth Embodiment ---
A fourth embodiment of the method for manufacturing the battery module 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the fourth embodiment, the first aging execution temperature in step S503 of FIG. 7 is set to a higher temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower in the processing of the first embodiment. The manufacturing method of 4th Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
　ステップＳ９０１およびＳ９０２は、図７のステップＳ５０１およびＳ５０２と同様に、単位セル１１を製造し、満充電電圧まで単位セル１１を充電するステップである。 Steps S901 and S902 are steps for manufacturing the unit cell 11 and charging the unit cell 11 to the full charge voltage, similarly to Steps S501 and S502 of FIG.
　ステップＳ９０３は、ステップＳ９０２で満充電電圧まで充電された単位セル１１に対して、室温よりも高温の所定温度、例えば４０℃以上７０℃以下で、所定時間ａ、例えば０．５日間、すなわち１２時間以上の、１回目のエージングを実行するステップである。このように、１回目のエージングの温度を高温にすることで、リチウムの拡散が促進され、より短時間で電圧低下量が安定化し、エージング時間を短縮することができる。 In step S903, the unit cell 11 charged to the full charge voltage in step S902 is at a predetermined temperature higher than room temperature, for example, 40 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less, for a predetermined time a, for example, 0.5 days, that is, 12 days. This is a step of executing the first aging over time. In this way, by increasing the temperature of the first aging, lithium diffusion is promoted, the amount of voltage drop is stabilized in a shorter time, and the aging time can be shortened.
　ステップＳ９０４～Ｓ９２０は、図７のステップＳ５０４～Ｓ５２０と同様に、放電、電圧Ｖ１測定、２回目のエージング、電圧Ｖ２測定、電圧低下量Ｄ算出、グループ分け、グループＡ～Ｅの単位セル１１の集積、グループＡ～Ｅの単位セル１１によるバッテリーモジュール１００の製造等を実施するステップである。なお、ステップＳ９０３における１回目のエージングを実行することによって、単位セル１１の電圧が、満充電電圧の３０％以上９５％以下の範囲内の所定電圧になるのであれば、ステップＳ９０４における強制放電は不要である。 Steps S904 to S920 are similar to Steps S504 to S520 in FIG. 7. Discharge, voltage V1 measurement, second aging, voltage V2 measurement, voltage drop amount D calculation, grouping, group A to E of unit cells 11 This is a step of performing integration, manufacturing of the battery module 100 by the unit cells 11 of the groups A to E, and the like. In addition, if the voltage of the unit cell 11 becomes a predetermined voltage within the range of 30% to 95% of the full charge voltage by executing the first aging in Step S903, the forced discharge in Step S904 is It is unnecessary.
　第４実施形態は、第１実施形態の効果に加え、第1実施形態よりも高温で１回目のエージングを実行するので、１回目のエージングの処理時間を短縮でき、製造工程を短縮できる。 In the fourth embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the first aging is performed at a higher temperature than the first embodiment, so that the processing time of the first aging can be shortened and the manufacturing process can be shortened.
　なお、ステップＳ９０３における１回目のエージングを実行する際の温度を４０℃以上７０℃以下、かつエージング時間を３日間としたが、エージングを実行する際の温度およびエージング期間はこれらに限定されない。なお、１回目のエージングを実行する際の温度と、２回目のエージングを実行する際の温度とを、１０℃以上相違させるのが好ましい。 In addition, although the temperature at the time of executing the first aging in step S903 is set to 40 ° C. or more and 70 ° C. or less and the aging time is set to 3 days, the temperature and the aging period for executing the aging are not limited to these. In addition, it is preferable to make the temperature at the time of performing the first aging different from the temperature at the time of performing the second aging by 10 ° C. or more.
－－－第５実施形態－－－
　本発明によるバッテリーモジュール１００の製造方法の第５実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。第５実施形態は、第１実施形態のステップＳ５０１～Ｓ５０８と同様のステップＳ１００１～Ｓ１００８の処理の後、すなわち電圧Ｖ２測定の後、２回目のエージングを実行する際の温度条件とは１０℃以上異なる温度条件での３回目のエージングと、３回目の電圧Ｖ３の測定とを行い、後述する電圧低下量の温度変化率Ｙによる温度感受性評価をも実行するものである。第５実施形態の製造方法について、図１１のフローチャートを参照して説明する。 --- Fifth embodiment ---
A fifth embodiment of a method for manufacturing a battery module 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the fifth embodiment, after the processing of steps S1001 to S1008 similar to steps S501 to S508 of the first embodiment, that is, after the voltage V2 measurement, the temperature condition for executing the second aging is 10 ° C. or more. The third aging under different temperature conditions and the third measurement of the voltage V3 are performed, and the temperature sensitivity evaluation based on the temperature change rate Y of the voltage drop amount described later is also executed. The manufacturing method of 5th Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
　ステップＳ１００１～Ｓ１００８は、図７のステップＳ５０１～Ｓ５０８と同様に、単位セル１１の製造、充電、１回目のエージング、放電、電圧Ｖ１測定、２回目のエージング、電圧Ｖ２測定、電圧低下量Ｄの算出を実施するステップである。 Steps S1001 to S1008 are the same as steps S501 to S508 in FIG. 7 in the manufacture, charge, first aging, discharge, voltage V1 measurement, second aging, voltage V2 measurement, and voltage drop amount D of the unit cell 11. This is the step of performing the calculation.
　ステップＳ１００９は、図７のステップＳ５０８と同様、ステップＳ１００８で電圧低下量Ｄが算出された単位セル１１に対して、室温よりも高温の所定温度、例えば４０℃以上７０℃以下の範囲内に含まれる所定温度で、所定時間ｃ、例えば０．５日間、すなわち１２時間以上の、３回目のエージングを実行するステップである。このような高温のエージングではリチウムの拡散が促進されるので、温度感受性の高い単位セル１１ほど、エージング後における単位セル１１の電圧Ｖ３が低くなる。 Step S1009 is included in a predetermined temperature higher than room temperature, for example, in the range of 40 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower, with respect to the unit cell 11 for which the voltage drop amount D is calculated in Step S1008, as in Step S508 of FIG. The third aging is performed at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time c, for example, 0.5 days, that is, 12 hours or more. Since the diffusion of lithium is promoted by such high temperature aging, the voltage V3 of the unit cell 11 after aging is lower in the unit cell 11 having higher temperature sensitivity.
　ステップＳ１０１０は、ステップＳ１００９でエージングを実行された単位セル１１の電圧Ｖ３を測定するステップである。 Step S1010 is a step of measuring the voltage V3 of the unit cell 11 that has been aged in step S1009.
　ステップＳ１０１１は、ステップＳ１００８で測定された電圧低下量Ｄ（Ｄ＝Ｖ１－Ｖ２）を、電圧Ｖ２と電圧Ｖ３との差分（Ｖ２－Ｖ３）で除算して、電圧低下量の温度変化率Ｙを算出するステップである。温度変化率Ｙは式（２）により表される。温度変化率Ｙは、その値が小さいほど温度感受性が高いことを示す。メモリ１２４には、温度変化率Ｙが記録される領域が設けられている。
　Ｙ＝（Ｖ１－Ｖ２）／（Ｖ２－Ｖ３）　　　　　　　　　　　　（２） In step S1011, the voltage drop amount D (D = V1-V2) measured in step S1008 is divided by the difference (V2-V3) between the voltage V2 and the voltage V3 to obtain the temperature change rate Y of the voltage drop amount. This is a calculating step. The temperature change rate Y is expressed by equation (2). The temperature change rate Y indicates that the smaller the value, the higher the temperature sensitivity. The memory 124 is provided with an area where the temperature change rate Y is recorded.
Y = (V1-V2) / (V2-V3) (2)
　ステップＳ１０１２は、電圧低下量Ｄが予め定められた閾値より大きい単位セル１１を不良品グループに分類し、良品の単位セル１１を、第１～第４実施形態と同様に、電圧低下量Ｄに基づいてグループＡ～Ｅに分類する。なお、図１１では図示を簡略化してグループＡ～Ｃのみが表記されている。そこで、以下においては、良品の単位セル１１がグループＡ～Ｃに分類されるものとして説明する。 In step S1012, unit cells 11 having a voltage drop amount D larger than a predetermined threshold are classified into defective product groups, and non-defective unit cells 11 are set to a voltage drop amount D as in the first to fourth embodiments. Based on group A to E. In FIG. 11, only the groups A to C are shown in a simplified manner. Therefore, in the following description, it is assumed that the good unit cell 11 is classified into groups A to C.
　ステップＳ１０１３は、不良品グループに分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の不良品グループのセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1013 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the defective product group to the cell shelf of the defective product group in the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０１４は、制御装置１２０が、グループＡに分類された単位セル１１を特定するステップである。 Step S1014 is a step in which the control device 120 specifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group A.
　ステップＳ１０１５は、制御装置１２０が、グループＢに分類された単位セル１１を特定するステップである。 Step S1015 is a step in which the control device 120 specifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group B.
　ステップＳ１０１６は、制御装置１２０が、グループＣに分類された単位セル１１を特定するステップである。 Step S1016 is a step in which the control device 120 specifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group C.
　ステップＳ１０１７は、制御装置１２０が、グループＡに分類された単位セル１１を、温度変化率Ｙに基づいて、小グループＡ１、Ａ２、Ａ３に分類するステップである。例えば、温度変化率Ｙが比較的小さい単位セル１１が小グループＡ１に分類され、温度変化率Ｙが比較的大きい単位セル１１が小グループＡ３に分類され、いずれの小グループにも分類されない単位セル１１が、すなわち温度変化率Ｙが中程度の単位セル１１が、小グループＡ２に分類される。 Step S1017 is a step in which the control device 120 classifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group A into the small groups A1, A2, and A3 based on the temperature change rate Y. For example, unit cells 11 with a relatively small temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group A1, unit cells 11 with a relatively large temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group A3, and unit cells that are not classified into any of the small groups 11, that is, the unit cell 11 having a medium temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group A2.
　ステップＳ１０１８は、制御装置１２０が、グループＢに分類された単位セル１１を、温度変化率Ｙに基づいて、小グループＢ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３に分類するステップである。例えば、温度変化率Ｙが比較的小さい単位セル１１が小グループＢ１に分類され、温度変化率Ｙが比較的大きい単位セル１１が小グループＢ３に分類され、いずれの小グループにも分類されない単位セル１１が、すなわち温度変化率Ｙが中程度の単位セル１１が、小グループＢ２に分類される。 Step S1018 is a step in which the control device 120 classifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group B into the small groups B1, B2, and B3 based on the temperature change rate Y. For example, unit cells 11 with a relatively small temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group B1, unit cells 11 with a relatively large temperature change rate Y are classified into the small group B3, and unit cells that are not classified into any small group 11, that is, the unit cell 11 having a medium temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group B2.
　ステップＳ１０１９は、制御装置１２０が、グループＣに分類された単位セル１１を、温度変化率Ｙに基づいて、小グループＣ１、Ｃ２、Ｃ３に分類するステップである。例えば、温度変化率Ｙが比較的小さい単位セル１１が小グループＣ１に分類され、温度変化率Ｙが比較的大きい単位セル１１が小グループＣ３に分類され、いずれの小グループにも分類されない単位セル１１が、すなわち温度変化率Ｙが中程度の単位セル１１が、小グループＣ２に分類される。 Step S1019 is a step in which the control device 120 classifies the unit cells 11 classified into the group C into the small groups C1, C2, and C3 based on the temperature change rate Y. For example, a unit cell 11 with a relatively small temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group C1, a unit cell 11 with a relatively large temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group C3, and a unit cell that is not classified into any small group 11, that is, the unit cell 11 having a medium temperature change rate Y is classified into the small group C2.
　ステップＳ１０１７～Ｓ１０１９では、制御装置１２０が、メモリ１２４に記録された温度変化率Ｙに基づいて、複数の単位セル１１の各々を小グループＡ１～Ａ３，Ｂ１～Ｂ３およびＣ１～Ｃ３のうちのいずれの小グループに分類するかを決定し、メモリ１２４に各単位セル１１のＩＤに対応付けて小グループ名を記録する。制御装置１２０は、グループ分け装置１１８にグループ分け指令信号を送出する。グループ分け指令信号には、例えば、同一小グループに分類されている全ての単位セル１１のＩＤが、対応する小グループ名とともに含まれる。グループ分けされた各単位セル１１に対しては、バーコード貼付や印字、刻印などにより小グループ名が付される。 In steps S1017 to S1019, the control device 120 assigns each of the plurality of unit cells 11 to one of the small groups A1 to A3, B1 to B3, and C1 to C3 based on the temperature change rate Y recorded in the memory 124. The small group name is recorded in the memory 124 in association with the ID of each unit cell 11. The control device 120 sends a grouping command signal to the grouping device 118. The grouping command signal includes, for example, the IDs of all unit cells 11 classified into the same small group together with the corresponding small group name. Each grouped unit cell 11 is given a small group name by attaching a barcode, printing, or marking.
　グループ分け装置１１８は、グループ分け指令信号に基づいて複数の単位セル１１をグループ分けして、不良品グループおよび小グループＡ１～Ａ３，Ｂ１～Ｂ３およびＣ１～Ｃ３の各グループに対応して設けられた各セル棚へ接続されているベルトコンベア１５０に各単位セル１１を移載する。コンベアに移載された各単位セル１１は、搬送装置１４０によって保管棚１３０まで搬送されて、各単位セル１１に対応するセル棚に集積され、保管される。たとえば、各小グループのセル棚に接続された複数本のベルトコンベアが設けられ、小グループＡ１に分類された単位セル１１は、小グループＡ１のセル棚に接続されたベルトコンベアに移載されて、小グループＡ１のセル棚に集積される。これは以下のステップＳ１０２０～Ｓ１０２８の処理である。 The grouping device 118 groups the plurality of unit cells 11 based on the grouping command signal, and is provided corresponding to each of the defective product group and the small groups A1 to A3, B1 to B3, and C1 to C3. Each unit cell 11 is transferred to the belt conveyor 150 connected to each cell shelf. Each unit cell 11 transferred to the conveyor is transported to the storage shelf 130 by the transport device 140, and is accumulated and stored in the cell shelf corresponding to each unit cell 11. For example, a plurality of belt conveyors connected to the cell shelves of each small group are provided, and the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A1 are transferred to the belt conveyor connected to the cell shelves of the small group A1. And are accumulated in the cell shelves of the small group A1. This is the processing of the following steps S1020 to S1028.
　ステップＳ１０２０は、小グループＡ１に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＡ１のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1020 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A1 to the cell shelves of the small group A1 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２１は、小グループＡ２に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＡ２のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1021 is a step in which the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A2 are transported to the cell shelves of the small group A2 of the storage shelf 130 and accumulated.
　ステップＳ１０２２は、小グループＡ３に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＡ３のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1022 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A3 to the cell shelves of the small group A3 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２３は、小グループＢ１に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＢ１のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1023 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group B1 to the cell shelves of the small group B1 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２４は、小グループＢ２に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＢ２のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1024 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group B2 to the cell shelves of the small group B2 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２５は、小グループＢ３に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＢ３のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1025 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group B3 to the cell shelves of the small group B3 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２６は、小グループＣ１に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＣ１のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1026 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group C1 to the cell shelves of the small group C1 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２７は、小グループＣ２に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＣ２のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1027 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group C2 to the cell shelves of the small group C2 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２８は、小グループＣ３に分類された単位セル１１を、保管棚１３０の小グループＣ３のセル棚へ搬送して集積するステップである。 Step S1028 is a step of transporting and accumulating the unit cells 11 classified into the small group C3 to the cell shelves of the small group C3 of the storage shelf 130.
　ステップＳ１０２９は、小グループＡ１に分類された単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1029 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 classified into the small group A1.
　ステップＳ１０３０は、小グループＡ２にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1030 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group A2.
　ステップＳ１０３１は、小グループＡ３にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1031 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group A3.
　ステップＳ１０３２は、小グループＢ１にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1032 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group B1.
　ステップＳ１０３３は、小グループＢ２にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1033 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group B2.
　ステップＳ１０３４は、小グループＢ３にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1034 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group B3.
　ステップＳ１０３５は、小グループＣ１にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1035 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group C1.
　ステップＳ１０３６は、小グループＣ２にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1036 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group C2.
　ステップＳ１０３７は、小グループＣ３にグループ分けされた単位セル１１を使用してバッテリーモジュール１００を製造するステップである。 Step S1037 is a step of manufacturing the battery module 100 using the unit cells 11 grouped into the small group C3.
　第５実施形態では、電圧低下量を決定するリチウムの拡散状態の振る舞いは温度によって大きく異なることに注目し、温度変化に対する電圧低下量Ｄの変化率を表す温度変化率Ｙを評価基準に加えた。したがって、第１実施形態の効果に加え、バッテリーモジュール内二次電池の単位セル１１のばらつきを、さらに抑制することができるという効果が得られる。 In the fifth embodiment, attention is paid to the fact that the behavior of the diffusion state of lithium that determines the voltage drop amount varies greatly depending on the temperature, and the temperature change rate Y representing the change rate of the voltage drop amount D with respect to the temperature change is added to the evaluation criteria. . Therefore, in addition to the effect of the first embodiment, it is possible to further suppress the variation of the unit cells 11 of the secondary battery in the battery module.
－－－変形例－－－
　以上説明した第1実施形態～第５実施形態を以下のように変形して実施することができる。
（１）第１実施形態において、所定時間ｂを比較的長時間とした場合、時間ｂの設定値にばらつきが生じる可能性がある。そこで、実際の製造でエージングを行う場合、時間ｂを厳密に測定しておき、次式（３）で表されるような時間ｂで規格化された電圧低下率Ｔに基づいてグループ分けすることも可能である。メモリ１２４には、電圧低下率Ｔが記録される領域が設けられている。これによって、より高精度なグループ分けと不良選別とが可能となる。
電圧低下率Ｔ［ｍＶ/day］＝（Ｖ１－Ｖ２）/　所定時間ｂ　　　　　（３） ---- Modifications ----
The first to fifth embodiments described above can be modified and implemented as follows.
(1) In the first embodiment, when the predetermined time b is set to a relatively long time, the set value of the time b may vary. Therefore, when aging is performed in actual manufacturing, the time b is strictly measured and grouped based on the voltage drop rate T normalized by the time b as represented by the following equation (3). Is also possible. The memory 124 is provided with an area where the voltage drop rate T is recorded. This enables more accurate grouping and defect sorting.
Voltage drop rate T [mV / day] = (V1-V2) / predetermined time b (3)
（２）第１実施形態において、図５に示すグループ分けのルールは一例であり、グループの数や境界値はセルの特性やエージング条件に応じて任意に設定されることとしてもよい。 (2) In the first embodiment, the grouping rule shown in FIG. 5 is an example, and the number of groups and boundary values may be arbitrarily set according to cell characteristics and aging conditions.
（３）第５実施形態において、２回目のエージングを実行した上での電圧Ｖ２の測定を行う前に、予め３回目のエージングを実行した上での電圧Ｖ３の測定を行うことも可能である。 (3) In the fifth embodiment, it is also possible to measure the voltage V3 after executing the third aging in advance before performing the measurement of the voltage V2 after executing the second aging. .
（４）第５実施形態において、３回目のエージングの温度を高温としたが、２回目のエージングよりも低温、例えば－２０～１０℃にすることも可能である。経験的には、２回目のエージングの温度と３回目のエージングの温度とを１０℃以上異なるものとすることにより、良好な温度変化率が得られる。 (4) In the fifth embodiment, the temperature of the third aging is set to a high temperature, but it may be lower than the second aging, for example, −20 to 10 ° C. Empirically, a favorable temperature change rate can be obtained by making the second aging temperature different from the third aging temperature by 10 ° C. or more.
（５）以上の実施形態の説明では、円筒形リチウムイオン電池を単位セルとするバッテリーモジュールおよびその製造方法の実施形態を説明したが、本発明を、角形等の他のタイプのリチウムイオン電池、あるいは、リチウムイオン電池以外の二次電池に適用することができる。 (5) In the above description of the embodiment, the embodiment of the battery module having a cylindrical lithium ion battery as a unit cell and the manufacturing method thereof has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to other types of lithium ion batteries such as a square, Or it can apply to secondary batteries other than a lithium ion battery.
　上記では、種々の実施の形態および変形例を説明したが、本発明はこれらの内容に限定されるものではない。本発明の技術的思想の範囲内で考えられるその他の態様も本発明の範囲内に含まれる。 Although various embodiments and modifications have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these contents. Other embodiments conceivable within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.
　次の優先権基礎出願の開示内容は引用文としてここに組み込まれる。
　日本国特許出願２０１０年第２８８２５６号（２０１０年１２月２４日出願） The disclosure of the following priority application is hereby incorporated by reference.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2010 No. 288256 (filed on Dec. 24, 2010)

Claims (15)

  1. 　二次電池の複数の単位セルをそれぞれ充電し、
    　充電された前記複数の単位セルに自己放電させる１回目のエージングを実行し、
    　前記１回目のエージングの後に前記複数の単位セルの各々の第１電圧を測定する１回目の電圧測定を行い、
    　前記１回目の電圧測定の後に前記複数の単位セルに自己放電させる２回目のエージングを実行し、
    　前記２回目のエージングの後に前記複数の単位セルの各々の第２電圧を測定する２回目の電圧測定を行い、
    　前記第１電圧と前記第２電圧との差分を電圧低下量として算出し、
    　前記電圧低下量に基づいて、前記複数の単位セルを複数のグループに分類し、
    　前記複数のグループのうちの各グループに分類された複数の単位セルを含むバッテリーモジュールを製造する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     Charge each unit cell of the secondary battery,
    Performing a first aging to self-discharge the charged unit cells,
    Performing a first voltage measurement to measure a first voltage of each of the plurality of unit cells after the first aging;
    Performing a second aging that causes the plurality of unit cells to self-discharge after the first voltage measurement;
    A second voltage measurement is performed to measure a second voltage of each of the plurality of unit cells after the second aging;
    The difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is calculated as a voltage drop amount,
    Based on the voltage drop amount, classify the plurality of unit cells into a plurality of groups,
    A battery module manufacturing method for manufacturing a battery module including a plurality of unit cells classified into each of the plurality of groups.
  2. 　請求項１に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記複数の単位セルをそれぞれ充電する際は、前記複数の単位セルの各々が満充電になるように充電し、
    　前記１回目のエージングの後、かつ前記１回目の電圧測定の前に、前記複数の単位セルの各々が所定電圧になるよう、前記複数の単位セルの各々に放電させる強制放電を行い、
    　前記複数の単位セルの各々が前記満充電であるときの満充電電圧に対する前記所定電圧の割合が所定範囲内に含まれる、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 1,
    When charging each of the plurality of unit cells, charge each of the plurality of unit cells to be fully charged,
    After the first aging and before the first voltage measurement, forcibly discharging each of the plurality of unit cells so that each of the plurality of unit cells has a predetermined voltage,
    The method of manufacturing a battery module, wherein a ratio of the predetermined voltage to a full charge voltage when each of the plurality of unit cells is fully charged is included in a predetermined range.
  3. 　請求項２に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記所定範囲は３０％以上９５％以下の範囲である、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 2,
    The method for manufacturing a battery module, wherein the predetermined range is a range of 30% to 95%.
  4. 　請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記１回目のエージングと、前記２回目のエージングとを、ともに２５℃の温度で実行する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    The battery module manufacturing method, wherein both the first aging and the second aging are performed at a temperature of 25 ° C.
  5. 　請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記複数の単位セルを前記複数のグループに分類する際、前記複数の単位セルのうち、前記電圧低下量が予め定められた閾値よりも大きい単位セルを、不良品として不良品グループに分類する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    When classifying the plurality of unit cells into the plurality of groups, among the plurality of unit cells, classify unit cells having a voltage drop amount larger than a predetermined threshold as a defective product into a defective product group. Battery module manufacturing method.
  6. 　請求項５に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記複数の単位セルを前記複数のグループに分類する際、前記複数の単位セルのうち、前記電圧低下量が前記予め定められた閾値以下の単位セルを、前記電圧低下量に基づいて、前記不良品グループとは異なる複数のグループのいずれかに分類する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 5,
    When classifying the plurality of unit cells into the plurality of groups, out of the plurality of unit cells, unit cells whose voltage drop amount is equal to or less than the predetermined threshold are determined based on the voltage drop amount. A battery module manufacturing method that is classified into one of a plurality of groups different from a non-defective group.
  7. 　請求項１に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記複数の単位セルをそれぞれ充電する際は、前記複数の単位セルの各々の電圧が所定電圧になるように充電し、
    　前記複数の単位セルの各々が満充電であるときの満充電電圧に対する前記所定電圧の割合が所定範囲内に含まれる、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 1,
    When charging each of the plurality of unit cells, charge so that each voltage of the plurality of unit cells becomes a predetermined voltage,
    The method for manufacturing a battery module, wherein a ratio of the predetermined voltage to a full charge voltage when each of the plurality of unit cells is fully charged is included in a predetermined range.
  8. 　請求項７に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記所定範囲は３０％以上９５％以下の範囲である、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 7,
    The method for manufacturing a battery module, wherein the predetermined range is a range of 30% to 95%.
  9. 　請求項７に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記１回目のエージングの後、かつ前記１回目の電圧測定の前に、前記複数の単位セルの各々の電圧が所定電圧になるように、前記複数の単位セルをそれぞれ補充電する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 7,
    After the first aging and before the first voltage measurement, each of the plurality of unit cells is supplementarily charged so that each voltage of the plurality of unit cells becomes a predetermined voltage. Production method.
  10. 　請求項９に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記所定範囲は３0％以上９５％以下の範囲である、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 9,
    The method for manufacturing a battery module, wherein the predetermined range is a range of 30% to 95%.
  11. 　請求項７乃至１０のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記１回目のエージングと、前記２回目のエージングとを、ともに２５℃の温度で実行する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to any one of claims 7 to 10,
    The battery module manufacturing method, wherein both the first aging and the second aging are performed at a temperature of 25 ° C.
  12. 　請求項１に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記１回目のエージングを、前記２回目のエージングよりも高い温度で実行する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 1,
    The battery module manufacturing method, wherein the first aging is performed at a higher temperature than the second aging.
  13. 　請求項１２に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記１回目のエージングを４０℃以上７０℃以下の温度で実行し、
    　前記２回目のエージングを２５℃の温度で実行する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 12,
    The first aging is performed at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 70 ° C. or lower,
    The battery module manufacturing method, wherein the second aging is performed at a temperature of 25 ° C.
  14. 　請求項４に記載のバッテリーモジュールの製造方法において、
    　前記電圧低下量を算出した後、かつ前記複数の単位セルを前記複数のグループに分類する前に、前記複数の単位セルに対して、前記２回目のエージングを実行した際の温度と１０℃以上異なる温度で前記複数の単位セルに自己放電させる３回目のエージングを実行し、
    　前記３回目のエージングの後に前記複数の単位セルの各々の第３電圧を測定する３回目の電圧測定を行い、
    　前記電圧低下量を前記第２電圧と前記第３電圧との差分で除算して温度変化率を算出し、
    　前記複数の単位セルを前記複数のグループに分類した後、かつ前記バッテリーモジュールを製造する前に、前記各グループに分類された前記複数の単位セルを、前記温度変化率に基づいて複数の小グループに分類し、
    　前記バッテリーモジュールを製造する際は、前記複数の小グループのうちの各小グループに分類された複数の単位セルを使用して前記バッテリーモジュールを製造する、バッテリーモジュールの製造方法。     In the manufacturing method of the battery module according to claim 4,
    After calculating the voltage drop amount and before classifying the plurality of unit cells into the plurality of groups, the temperature when the second aging is performed on the plurality of unit cells is 10 ° C. or more. Performing a third aging to cause the plurality of unit cells to self-discharge at different temperatures;
    A third voltage measurement is performed to measure a third voltage of each of the plurality of unit cells after the third aging;
    Dividing the voltage drop amount by the difference between the second voltage and the third voltage to calculate a temperature change rate;
    After classifying the plurality of unit cells into the plurality of groups and before manufacturing the battery module, the plurality of unit cells classified into the groups are divided into a plurality of small groups based on the temperature change rate. Classified into
    A method of manufacturing a battery module, wherein when manufacturing the battery module, the battery module is manufactured using a plurality of unit cells classified into each of the plurality of small groups.
  15. 　請求項１乃至１４のいずれか１項に記載のバッテリーモジュール製造方法で製造されるバッテリーモジュール。 A battery module manufactured by the battery module manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
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