JP5181508B2 - Lithium-ion battery management system - Google Patents

Lithium-ion battery management system Download PDF

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JP5181508B2
JP5181508B2 JP2007083705A JP2007083705A JP5181508B2 JP 5181508 B2 JP5181508 B2 JP 5181508B2 JP 2007083705 A JP2007083705 A JP 2007083705A JP 2007083705 A JP2007083705 A JP 2007083705A JP 5181508 B2 JP5181508 B2 JP 5181508B2
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健一 堤
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

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Description

本発明は、リチウムイオン電池の管理システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a management system for a lithium ion battery.

リチウムイオン電池は、単位重量当りの放電可能な電力容量が大きく、1セル当りの電圧が高い二次電池として知られている。リチウムイオン電池は、所定の期間使用すると著しく放電容量が低下する鉛電池と異なり、使用期間の増加に伴い放電容量が徐々に低下するサイクル特性を有することも知られている。このリチウムイオン電池では、正極材料としてLiCoO2、LiNiO2またはLiMn24などのリチウム系複合金属酸化物が用いられ、負極材料としてC(グラファイト)が用いられ、電解液としてLiClO4、LiPF6などのLiイオンを含む有機電解液が用いられている。 A lithium ion battery is known as a secondary battery having a large dischargeable power capacity per unit weight and a high voltage per cell. Lithium ion batteries are also known to have cycle characteristics in which the discharge capacity gradually decreases as the use period increases, unlike lead batteries in which the discharge capacity significantly decreases when used for a predetermined period. In this lithium ion battery, a lithium-based composite metal oxide such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2, or LiMn 2 O 4 is used as a positive electrode material, C (graphite) is used as a negative electrode material, LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 as an electrolyte solution. An organic electrolytic solution containing Li ions is used.

上述したリチウムイオン電池は、携帯電話、ノート型パソコンや、ハイブリッド自動車、電気自動車、電動アシスト自転車や、ロボット、通信中継局などにおけるバックアップ電源である無停電電源装置(UPS)などで利用されている。   The above-described lithium ion batteries are used in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), which are backup power sources in mobile phones, notebook computers, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, electrically assisted bicycles, robots, communication relay stations, and the like. .

リチウムイオン電池は、所定期間利用したり、各機器の所定の要求性能(放電容量)などを満たさなくなったりすると、前記リチウムイオン電池を解体して当該リチウムイオン電池に利用されていた金属などを回収する一方、それ以外は所定の処理を施し廃棄していた。   When a lithium-ion battery is used for a predetermined period of time or does not meet the required performance (discharge capacity) of each device, the lithium-ion battery is disassembled and the metal used for the lithium-ion battery is recovered. On the other hand, other than that, it was subjected to predetermined processing and discarded.

なお、特許文献1には、組電池の各モジュール電池で得られた電池状態情報(電池電圧、残容量)を集計して求められた平均値と、モジュール電池の電池状態情報との差からモジュール電池の寿命を判定する蓄電池の状態管理システムが開示されている。   Patent Document 1 discloses a module based on a difference between an average value obtained by totaling battery state information (battery voltage and remaining capacity) obtained for each module battery of the assembled battery and battery state information of the module battery. A storage battery state management system for determining battery life is disclosed.

特開平8−140272号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-140272

しかしながら、上述したリチウムイオン電池のリサイクル技術では、当該電池で利用された金属の有効な利用を図ることができるものの、リチウムイオン電池が各機器の所定の要求性能(放電容量)を満たさない場合、例えば、電気自動車への利用を終え、当初の放電容量の半分程度になった場合であっても、鉛蓄電池の1.5倍程度の蓄電能力を有している。そのため、このような当初の利用を終えたリチウムイオン電池を他の機器にて利用出来れば、リチウムイオン電池の各部材(例えば、外装ケース、セパレータ、電極など)の初期の生産コストを低減することができ、資源の有効な利用に供することができる。   However, in the above-described lithium ion battery recycling technology, the metal used in the battery can be effectively used, but when the lithium ion battery does not satisfy the predetermined performance (discharge capacity) of each device, For example, even when the use in an electric vehicle is finished and the discharge capacity becomes about half of the initial discharge capacity, it has a storage capacity of about 1.5 times that of a lead storage battery. Therefore, if the lithium ion battery that has been initially used can be used in other devices, the initial production cost of each member of the lithium ion battery (for example, an outer case, a separator, an electrode, etc.) can be reduced. Can be used for effective use of resources.

特許文献1に記載の蓄電池の状態管理システムでは、組電池にて各モジュール電池の寿命を判定し、寿命を終えたモジュール電池のみを新たなモジュール電池と取り替えることで組電池に組み入れられていた他のモジュール電池を有効に利用することができるものの、寿命を終えたモジュール電池自体の他用途へ利用については検討がなされていなかった。   In the storage battery state management system described in Patent Document 1, the life of each module battery is determined by the assembled battery, and only the module battery that has finished its life is replaced with a new module battery. Although the module battery can be effectively used, the use of the module battery itself for other purposes has not been studied.

そこで、本発明は、前述した問題に鑑み提案されたもので、回収されたリチウムイオン電池を有効に利用でき、初期の生産コストを低減できるリチウムイオン電池の管理システムを提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a lithium ion battery management system that can effectively use a recovered lithium ion battery and reduce initial production costs. .

上述した課題を解決する第1の発明に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムは、リチウムイオン電池のデータを記憶するデータ記憶手段と、前記データに基づき回収されたリチウムイオン電池の次の用途を特定する用途特定手段とを有し、前記データが、前記リチウムイオン電池の使用時における充放電の回数と前記リチウムイオン電池の使用時間とを含み、前記データに含まれる前記充放電の回数が、過充放電の発生回数が分かるよう構成され、前記リチウムイオン電池が、定期的に検査が行われる車両に搭載された電池であり、前記車両が、前記過充放電の回数を含む前記充放電の回数を記憶する過充放電回数記憶手段を有し、前記リチウムイオン電池の次の用途が、無停電電源装置への利用を含むことを特徴とする。 The lithium ion battery management system according to the first invention for solving the above-mentioned problem specifies data storage means for storing data of the lithium ion battery and the next use of the lithium ion battery recovered based on the data. and a application specific unit, the data is viewed contains a use time of the lithium ion battery and the number of charging and discharging during use of the lithium-ion battery, the number of the charging and discharging included in the data, over The lithium ion battery is a battery mounted on a vehicle that is periodically inspected, and the vehicle includes the number of times of overcharge / discharge. And the next use of the lithium ion battery includes use for an uninterruptible power supply .

本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムによれば、リチウムイオン電池のデータを記憶するデータ記憶手段と、前記データに基づき回収されたリチウムイオン電池の次の用途を特定する用途特定手段とを有し、前記データが、前記リチウムイオン電池の使用時における過充放電の回数を含む前記充電の回数と前記リチウムイオン電池の使用時間とを含むことにより、前記データに基づいて、充放電サイクルによる劣化や経年劣化を高精度に推定することができ、この推定に応じて回収されたリチウムイオン電池の次の用途を特定することができる。その結果、リチウムイオン電池の各部材(例えば、外装ケース、セパレータ、電極など)の初期の生産コストを低減することができる。   According to the lithium ion battery management system of the present invention, the data storage means for storing the data of the lithium ion battery and the application specifying means for specifying the next use of the lithium ion battery recovered based on the data are provided. In addition, the data includes the number of times of charging including the number of times of overcharging / discharging during use of the lithium ion battery and the usage time of the lithium ion battery. In addition, it is possible to estimate the deterioration over time with high accuracy, and it is possible to specify the next use of the lithium ion battery recovered according to this estimation. As a result, the initial production cost of each member (for example, exterior case, separator, electrode, etc.) of the lithium ion battery can be reduced.

以下に、本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムを実施するための最良の形態について図面を参照して具体的に説明する。
図1は、本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムを説明するための図であり、図2は、それが有するコンピュータにおける処理フローを示す図であり、図3は、図2におけるステップS2にて用いられるデータ表の一例を示す図である。
The best mode for carrying out the lithium ion battery management system according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a management system for a lithium ion battery according to the best embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a processing flow in a computer included in the management system, and FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the data table used in step S2 in 2. FIG.

本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムは、図1および図2に示すように、リチウムイオン電池10のデータを記憶する記憶手段であるハードディスク、メモリなどの記憶装置を具備するコンピュータ1を有する。コンピュータ1は、前記データに基づき、回収されたリチウムイオン電池10の次の用途を特定する用途特定手段も有する。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lithium ion battery management system according to the best embodiment of the present invention includes a storage device such as a hard disk or a memory as storage means for storing data of the lithium ion battery 10. A computer 1 is included. The computer 1 also has application specifying means for specifying the next use of the collected lithium ion battery 10 based on the data.

以下に、リチウムイオン電池10を車両2に搭載して1次利用し、1次利用されたリチウムイオン電池10を通信中継局などの無停電電源装置3に搭載して2次利用した場合について説明する。   The following describes a case where the lithium ion battery 10 is mounted on the vehicle 2 for primary use, and the primary use lithium ion battery 10 is mounted on the uninterruptible power supply 3 such as a communication relay station for secondary use. To do.

コンピュータ1には、図2および図3に示すように、リチウムイオン電池10のデータとしてシリアル番号(製造番号)や製造日や放電容量などの初期性能が入力されて登録される(ステップS1)。   As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the computer 1 receives and registers serial data (manufacturing number), initial performance such as date of manufacture and discharge capacity as data of the lithium ion battery 10 (step S1).

続いて、コンピュータ1に登録されたリチウムイオン電池10が車両2に搭載される。この車両2としては、車両検査(定期的な検査)が行われる車両である、電気自動車、ハイブリッド自動車などが挙げられる。また、この車両2は、リチウムイオン電池10の使用時間および充放電の回数ならびに使用環境(周囲温度)を記憶する記憶手段としての自動車制御装置(図示せず)を具備する。ただし、前記充放電の回数は、過充放電の回数が分かるように構成されている。   Subsequently, the lithium ion battery 10 registered in the computer 1 is mounted on the vehicle 2. Examples of the vehicle 2 include an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle that are vehicles on which vehicle inspection (periodic inspection) is performed. The vehicle 2 also includes an automobile control device (not shown) as storage means for storing the usage time and the number of charge / discharge cycles and the usage environment (ambient temperature) of the lithium ion battery 10. However, the number of times of charging / discharging is configured so that the number of times of overcharging / discharging is known.

続いて、上述した車両検査時において、上記データ(使用時間、充放電の回数(所定の電圧以上となる充電の回数、所定の電圧以下となる放電の回数を含む)、使用環境(周囲温度、充放電レート(充放電の速さ)))などは、コンピュータ1に入力されて記録される。なお、前記充放電レートが大きいほど、電池寿命が短くなる。   Subsequently, at the time of the vehicle inspection described above, the data (use time, number of times of charging / discharging (including the number of times of charging exceeding a predetermined voltage, the number of times of discharging falling below a predetermined voltage), usage environment (ambient temperature, The charge / discharge rate (charge / discharge speed))) and the like are input to the computer 1 and recorded. In addition, battery life becomes short, so that the said charging / discharging rate is large.

続いて、所定の期間が経過したり、所定の要求性能(放電容量)を満たさなくなったりしてリチウムイオン電池10が回収される。このときにも、データ(使用時間、充放電の回数(過充放電の回数を含む)、使用環境、回収した後の検査時における放電容量)などは、コンピュータ1に入力されて記録される。   Subsequently, the lithium ion battery 10 is recovered after a predetermined period of time has passed or the predetermined required performance (discharge capacity) is not satisfied. Also at this time, data (usage time, number of times of charge / discharge (including the number of times of overcharge / discharge), use environment, discharge capacity at the time of inspection after collection) and the like are input to the computer 1 and recorded.

続いて、ステップS2に進み、コンピュータ1に入力されたデータに基づき回収されたリチウムイオン電池10の次の用途(2次利用)が特定される。すなわち、前記データにより回収されたリチウムイオン電池10の充電容量などの性能が特定され、この性能に応じて次の用途が特定される。ここでは、リチウムイオン電池10の次の利用として通信中継局などの無停電電源装置3が特定される。   Then, it progresses to step S2 and the next use (secondary use) of the lithium ion battery 10 collect | recovered based on the data input into the computer 1 is specified. That is, the performance such as the charging capacity of the lithium ion battery 10 collected by the data is specified, and the next application is specified according to this performance. Here, the uninterruptible power supply 3 such as a communication relay station is specified as the next use of the lithium ion battery 10.

続いて、次の用途として特定された、通信中継局などの無停電電源装置3に回収されたリチウムイオン電池10が搭載されて2次利用される。   Subsequently, the recovered lithium ion battery 10 is mounted on the uninterruptible power supply 3 such as a communication relay station, which is specified as the next application, and is used secondarily.

したがって、本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムによれば、充放電の回数および使用時間などのデータに基づいて、充放電サイクルによる劣化や経年劣化を高精度に推定することができ、この推定に応じて回収されたリチウムイオン電池10の次の用途を特定することができ、リチウムイオン電池10の各部材(例えば、外装ケース、セパレータ、電極など)の初期の生産コストを低減することができる。   Therefore, according to the lithium ion battery management system according to the best embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to accurately estimate deterioration due to charge / discharge cycles and deterioration over time based on data such as the number of times of charge / discharge and usage time. The next use of the lithium ion battery 10 collected according to this estimation can be specified, and the initial production cost of each member (for example, outer case, separator, electrode, etc.) of the lithium ion battery 10 can be reduced. Can be reduced.

また、リチウムイオン電池10が定期的に検査される車両2、例えば、モータおよび内燃機関の駆動を併用したハイブリッド車、電気自動車などにて1次利用されていた場合には、リチウムイオン電池自体が、充放電サイクルによる劣化や経年劣化が当該車両の使用状況に応じて様々に変わり易いために、定期的な検査を行う時に上記データを収集しコンピュータ1に記憶させることで、回収されたリチウムイオン電池10の個体特有の性能を特定することができ、このリチウムイオン電池10の次の用途をより的確に特定することができる。   In addition, when the lithium ion battery 10 is primarily used in a vehicle 2 that is periodically inspected, for example, a hybrid vehicle that uses both a motor and an internal combustion engine, an electric vehicle, etc., the lithium ion battery itself is used. Since the deterioration due to the charge / discharge cycle and the aging deterioration are easily changed depending on the usage state of the vehicle, the collected lithium ion is collected by collecting the above data and storing it in the computer 1 at the time of periodic inspection. Individual performance of the battery 10 can be specified, and the next application of the lithium ion battery 10 can be specified more accurately.

回収されたリチウムイオン電池10の次の利用(2次利用)を通信中継局の無停電電源装置3とすることにより、この無停電電源装置自体が頻繁に使用状態になるものでは無く使用頻度が低いことから、回収されたリチウムイオン電池10を有効に利用することができる。   By making the next use (secondary use) of the collected lithium ion battery 10 the uninterruptible power supply 3 of the communication relay station, the uninterruptible power supply itself is not frequently used, but the frequency of use is increased. Since it is low, the recovered lithium ion battery 10 can be used effectively.

なお、上記では、1次利用を車両2としたリチウムイオン電池10を管理するリチウムイオン電池の管理システムを用いて説明したが、充放電の回数などのデータを記憶することができる記憶手段を備える装置をリチウムイオン電池10の1次利用とするリチウムイオン電池の管理システムであれば良い。このようなリチウムイオン電池の管理システムであっても、上述した本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムと同様な作用効果を奏する。   In the above description, the lithium-ion battery management system that manages the lithium-ion battery 10 in which the primary use is the vehicle 2 has been described. However, the storage unit can store data such as the number of times of charge and discharge. What is necessary is just the management system of the lithium ion battery which makes an apparatus primary use of the lithium ion battery 10. Even such a lithium ion battery management system has the same effects as the above-described lithium ion battery management system according to the best embodiment of the present invention.

上記では、リチウムイオン電池10の個体を識別するために製造番号をデータとして有するリチウムイオン電池の管理システムを用いて説明したが、電波を使った非接触自動認識技術(RFID:Radio Frequency Identification)を適用したタグなどがリチウムイオン電池に付けられ、当該タグに記憶された、個体を識別するための識別番号をデータとして有するリチウムイオン電池の管理システムとしても良く、このようなリチウムイオン電池の管理システムであっても、上述した本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムと同様な作用効果を奏する。   In the above description, a lithium ion battery management system having a manufacturing number as data to identify an individual lithium ion battery 10 has been described. However, a non-contact automatic recognition technology (RFID: Radio Frequency Identification) using radio waves is used. The applied tag or the like is attached to the lithium ion battery, and may be a lithium ion battery management system having an identification number for identifying an individual stored in the tag as data, such a lithium ion battery management system. Even so, the same operational effects as the above-described lithium ion battery management system according to the best embodiment of the present invention can be obtained.

上記では、2次利用を通信中継局の無停電電源装置3としたリチウムイオン電池10を管理するリチウムイオン電池の管理システムを用いて説明したが、通信中継局の無停電電源装置3に利用されたリチウムイオン電池10をさらに回収し、この通信中継局の無停電電源装置3よりも使用頻度が更に低い、大きなビル、公共交通機関である空港や駅などに用いられる無停電電源装置をリチウムイオン電池10の次の用途とする(3次利用とする)リチウムイオン電池の管理システムとしても良い。このようなリチウムイオン電池の管理システムであっても、上述した本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムと同様な作用効果を奏する。   In the above description, the lithium-ion battery management system that manages the lithium-ion battery 10 is described with the secondary use as the uninterruptible power supply 3 of the communication relay station. However, the secondary use is used for the uninterruptible power supply 3 of the communication relay station. The lithium-ion battery 10 is further recovered, and the uninterruptible power supply used in large buildings, public transportation airports, stations, etc., which is used less frequently than the uninterruptible power supply 3 of this communication relay station It is good also as a management system of the lithium ion battery used as the next use (it makes tertiary use) of the battery 10. Even such a lithium ion battery management system has the same effects as the above-described lithium ion battery management system according to the best embodiment of the present invention.

本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムを説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the management system of the lithium ion battery which concerns on best embodiment of this invention. 本発明の最良の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池の管理システムが有するコンピュータにおける処理フローを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the processing flow in the computer which the management system of the lithium ion battery which concerns on the best embodiment of this invention has. 図2におけるステップS1にて用いられるデータ表の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the data table used by step S1 in FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 コンピュータ
2 自動車
3 通信中継局
10 リチウムイオン電池
1 Computer 2 Car 3 Communication Relay Station 10 Lithium Ion Battery

Claims (1)

リチウムイオン電池のデータを記憶するデータ記憶手段と、
前記データに基づき回収されたリチウムイオン電池の次の用途を特定する用途特定手段とを有し、
前記データは、前記リチウムイオン電池の使用時における充放電の回数と前記リチウムイオン電池の使用時間とを含み、
前記データに含まれる前記充放電の回数は、過充放電の発生回数が分かるよう構成され、
前記リチウムイオン電池は、定期的に検査が行われる車両に搭載された電池であり、
前記車両は、前記過充放電の回数を含む前記充放電の回数を記憶する過充放電回数記憶手段を有し、
前記リチウムイオン電池の次の用途は、無停電電源装置への利用を含む
ことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池の管理システム。
Data storage means for storing lithium ion battery data;
An application specifying means for specifying the next use of the lithium ion battery collected based on the data,
The data is seen containing a use time of the lithium ion battery and the number of charging and discharging during use of the lithium ion battery,
The number of times of charging / discharging included in the data is configured so that the number of occurrences of overcharging / discharging is known,
The lithium ion battery is a battery mounted on a vehicle that is regularly inspected,
The vehicle has overcharge / discharge number storage means for storing the number of charge / discharge including the number of overcharge / discharge,
The next use of the lithium ion battery includes use for an uninterruptible power supply, The lithium ion battery management system.
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