WO2012086651A1 - 発光素子用微細構造体、当該微細構造体を用いた発光素子及び照明装置 - Google Patents
発光素子用微細構造体、当該微細構造体を用いた発光素子及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012086651A1 WO2012086651A1 PCT/JP2011/079546 JP2011079546W WO2012086651A1 WO 2012086651 A1 WO2012086651 A1 WO 2012086651A1 JP 2011079546 W JP2011079546 W JP 2011079546W WO 2012086651 A1 WO2012086651 A1 WO 2012086651A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/118—Anti-reflection coatings having sub-optical wavelength surface structures designed to provide an enhanced transmittance, e.g. moth-eye structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0294—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use adapted to provide an additional optical effect, e.g. anti-reflection or filter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fine structure used for a light emitting element such as an EL (electroluminescence) element, a light emitting element using the fine structure, and a lighting device using the light emitting element.
- a light emitting element such as an EL (electroluminescence) element
- An EL element comprising an anode (transparent electrode), a light emitting portion, and a cathode (back electrode) in order has been known.
- the EL element applies a direct current voltage between the anode and the cathode to inject electrons and holes into the light emitting part, generates excitons by recombination thereof, and generates light when the excitons are deactivated.
- the light emitting part is caused to emit light by utilizing the emission. Since the EL element has advantages such as light weight, thinness, and low power consumption, it is used as a flat illumination device, a digital signage device, a backlight device for a liquid crystal display, and the like.
- the EL element has the above-described advantages, since the refractive index of the member constituting the EL element is higher than that of air, the emitted light is emitted from the EL element at the interface between the EL element and the air layer. Total reflection is likely to occur, the extraction efficiency of the emitted light is less than 20% of the light emitted from the light emitting section, and the problem is that most of the light cannot be extracted and is lost.
- Patent Document 1 specifically describes a stripe-like unevenness with a triangular cross section and a stripe-like unevenness with a semicircular cross section as the uneven pattern, and the front direction compared to the case where the uneven pattern is not formed. It is described that the brightness of the is improved.
- Patent Document 1 does not increase the extraction efficiency for light in a direction parallel to the stripe.
- the uneven pattern has a stripe shape
- the diffusion of light has anisotropy, and light unevenness reflecting the uneven pattern may occur.
- the convex portion having a triangular or semicircular cross section adopted in Patent Document 1 is not an optimal shape in terms of light extraction efficiency, and an uneven shape pursuing further light extraction efficiency is required. Yes.
- the inventor of the present invention includes a plurality of convex portions or concave portions having a specific shape as a fine structure used in a light emitting element such as an EL element, so that the light extraction efficiency is higher than that of a conventional light emitting element.
- the present invention has been found out that it can be improved.
- the fine structure means a film-like or plate-like member having a fine concavo-convex structure on the surface.
- the case where the film-like or plate-like member is curved in the state in which it is used is also included.
- a convex pattern composed of a convex shape protruding from a flat surface of the member as a reference
- a concave pattern composed of a concave shape recessed from the flat surface
- the present invention includes both. The following description is common to Aspect 1 and Aspect 2 unless otherwise specified.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of fine convex portions having a convex bottom surface, and the convex portion is on a vertical line at the center of the bottom surface.
- the height of the top of the convex portion is 0.67 to 1.15 times the radius of the bottom surface, and the height of the convex portion at a position 3/4 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is The height of the convex portion is 0.21 to 0.65 times the radius of the bottom surface, and the height of the convex portion at a position 9/10 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0.04 to 0 of the radius of the bottom surface. .38 times.
- condition 1 The height parameter of the vertex of the convex portion and the height parameter of the convex portion at the positions of 3/4 and 9/10 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface of the convex portion are collectively referred to as “ It may be referred to as “condition 1”.
- the height of the convex portion at a position 1/4 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0.65 of the radius of the bottom surface.
- the height of the convex portion at a position half the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0.58 to 0.91 times the radius of the bottom surface. It is what.
- the height parameter of the convex portion at a position of 1 ⁇ 4 and 1 ⁇ 2 of the bottom surface radius from the center of the bottom surface of the convex portion may be collectively referred to as “condition 2” hereinafter.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element includes a plurality of fine recesses having a circular opening surface, and the recess has a bottom on a vertical line at the center of the opening surface. And is defined by a bus line connecting the bottom and the circumference of the opening surface, and the bus line of the recess is monotonically deepened from the circumference of the opening surface to the bottom.
- the depth of the bottom of the recess is 0.65 to 1.43 times the radius of the opening surface, and the depth of the recess at a position 3/4 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface.
- the depth of the recess at a position 9/10 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is the radius of the mouth surface. It is characterized by 0.03 to 0.39 times.
- the depth parameter of the bottom of the concave portion and the depth parameter of the concave portion at the positions 3/4 and 9/10 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface of the concave portion are collectively referred to as “conditions”. 3 ”.
- the depth of the concave portion at a position 1/4 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is 0 of the radius of the opening surface. .64 to 1.35 times, and the depth of the concave portion at a position half the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is 0.58 to 1.11 times the radius of the opening surface. It is characterized by being.
- the depth parameter of the concave portion at a position of 1 ⁇ 4 and 1 ⁇ 2 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface of the concave portion may hereinafter be collectively referred to as “condition 4”.
- the fine structure for a light emitting device of the present invention is preferably characterized in that the filling rate of the bottom surface of the convex portion or the opening surface of the concave portion occupying the surface of the fine structure is 70% or more.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element according to aspect 1 of the present invention is preferably formed by the tangent line of the bus bar of the convex part and the bottom surface of the convex part at a position where the bottom surface of the convex part and the bus bar of the convex part are in contact with each other.
- the angle is 85 ° or less.
- the angle formed by the tangent to the recess and the opening of the recess at a position where the opening of the recess and the bus of the recess are in contact is preferably 85. It is characterized by being less than °.
- the microstructure for a light emitting device of the present invention is preferably characterized in that a member having a flat surface is disposed on the convex portion or the concave portion.
- the light-emitting element of the present invention comprises a transparent anode, a light-emitting portion, and a cathode in this order, and is arranged on the opposite side of the transparent anode from the side on which the light-emitting portion is formed.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element according to the present invention is characterized by being arranged so that a concavo-convex pattern (a vertex of a convex portion or an opening surface of a concave portion) is on a light emitting surface side.
- the light-emitting element can also be used as a light source of a lighting device.
- the microstructure used in the light-emitting element includes a plurality of convex portions or concave portions having a specific shape, and thus has higher light extraction efficiency than conventional light-emitting elements. Can do.
- the convex portion the light extraction efficiency is particularly excellent.
- it can be set as the fine structure excellent in durability.
- the perspective view explaining the convex part which comprises the microstructure of aspect 1 of this invention (A) is a figure explaining the shape of the bus-line of a convex part, (b) is a figure explaining the shape of the bus-line of a recessed part (A), (b) is a figure which shows the structure of the light emitting element used for the simulation of this invention, respectively.
- fine structure for a light-emitting element of the present invention
- ⁇ Uneven pattern> There are two modes of the uneven pattern of the microstructure of the present invention.
- One is a concavo-convex pattern (aspect 1) in which a plurality of convex portions projecting from the flat surface of the microstructure are formed as a reference, and the other is a plurality of concave portions recessed from the flat surface.
- It is the uneven
- the features of the concave-convex pattern will be described for each aspect.
- the fine structure for a light-emitting element according to aspect 1 includes a plurality of fine convex portions having a circular bottom surface, and the convex portion has a vertex on a perpendicular line at the center of the bottom surface, and the vertex to the bottom surface.
- the convex line is formed by a monotonically decreasing height from the apex to the circumference of the bottom surface, and the height of the apex of the convex part. Is 0.67 to 1.15 times the radius of the bottom surface, and the height of the convex portion at a position 3 ⁇ 4 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0. 0 of the radius of the bottom surface.
- the height of the convex portion at a position 9/10 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0.04 to 0.38 times the radius of the bottom surface. .
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element of Embodiment 1 has the special surface shape described above, the light extraction efficiency can be improved more than that of a conventional light-emitting element by using the microstructure for a light-emitting element. Can do.
- the plurality of convex portions a constituting the fine structure of aspect 1 have a circular bottom surface p, and has a vertex q on a perpendicular to the center o of the bottom surface p, and the vertex q Is defined by a generatrix drawn down on the circumference of the bottom surface p.
- the generatrix of the convex portion a has a monotonically decreasing height from the apex q to the circumference of the bottom surface p.
- the shape of the convex portion constituting the fine structure of aspect 1 As for the shape of the convex portion constituting the fine structure of aspect 1, an optical simulation in which the radius, height, generatrix shape and the like of the convex portion are variously changed is performed, and a range in which a suitable light extraction efficiency is obtained is extracted. It was obtained.
- the radius r of the convex portion was set to 1, and a rotating body having various heights and having a different bus bar shape was used as the virtual convex portion.
- the bus bar shape has four points p1 (position of a radius 1 ⁇ 4), p2 (position of a radius 1 ⁇ 2), and p3 (3/4 of a radius) that are different from the center o of the bottom surface of the rotating body. ) And p4 (position of 9/10 radius) (respectively h0, h1, h2, h3, h4) are connected by a cubic spline curve.
- the virtual convex portion is assumed to have a shape in which the radius r of the convex portion is 1.00 and h0 to h4 are changed from 0.00 to 2.00.
- the light extraction efficiency was calculated by changing the step widths of h0 to h4 by 0.50.
- the step width was further changed to 0.20 and 0.10, and finally the light extraction efficiency was calculated as 0.01 step.
- the light emitting element has a structure in which the light emitting layer 33 is sandwiched between a glass 31, a transparent electrode 32, and an aluminum electrode (specular reflection layer) 34 as shown in FIG.
- the light emitting element 30 in which the fine structure 35 in which the virtual convex portion is arranged on a lattice point having a period of the convex portion diameter on the surface (light extraction surface) is assumed.
- the light emitting layer 33 is assumed to be a collection of point light sources that emit light of the same intensity in all directions.
- the path of light traveling in all directions from the point light source was calculated using a ray tracing method, and the ratio of the light emitted from one convex portion of the assumed light emitting element was calculated as the light extraction efficiency E.
- the refractive indexes of the light emitting layer 33, the transparent electrode 32, the glass 31, and the fine structure 35 are typical values of the light emitting layer 1.70, the transparent electrode 2.00, the glass 1. 51, with a microstructure 1.58.
- the light extraction efficiency E0 in the case of assuming a structure having a smooth light extraction surface instead of the fine structure 35 is calculated in the same manner, and the light extraction efficiency E of the light extraction surface having the convex portion is light when the light extraction efficiency E is smooth.
- a range that is 2.26 times or more the extraction efficiency E0 is defined as a convex shape range.
- the convex shape is a hemisphere
- the light extraction efficiency is improved by 2.25 times compared to a flat shape.
- the shape in which the light extraction efficiency is further improved is the shape of this embodiment. Similar results were obtained when the above-described refractive index was changed within the range of the general material of each element.
- the height of the apex of the convex portion is 0.67 to 1.15 times the radius of the bottom surface, the light extraction efficiency is improved by 2.26 times or more compared with the smooth case. .
- a more preferable apex height is 0.70 to 1.00 times the bottom radius, and an even more preferable apex height is 0.80 to 1.00 times.
- the height of the convex portion at a position 3 ⁇ 4 of the bottom surface radius from the center of the bottom surface is 0.21 to 0.65 times, preferably 0.25 to 0.63 times the radius of the bottom surface. Times, more preferably 0.37 to 0.53 times.
- the height of the convex portion at a position 9/10 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0.04 to 0.38 times, preferably 0.05 to 0.35 times, more preferably the bottom surface radius. Is 0.08 to 0.20 times.
- the convex portion is different from a hemispherical shape, and the radius of curvature of each portion of each bus of the convex portion is not constant like a semicircle.
- the simulation was performed on a convex portion that is a rotating body obtained by rotating one bus bar around an axis perpendicular to the center of the bottom surface. However, if the convex portion satisfies the above conditions, the convex portion is not necessarily a rotating body. There is no need.
- the height of the convex portion at a position 1/4 of the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0.65 to 1.08 times the radius of the bottom surface, preferably 0.67. It is ⁇ 1.04 times, more preferably 0.77 to 0.93 times.
- the height of the convex portion at a position half the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface is 0.58 to 0.91 times, preferably 0.63 to 0.88 times the radius of the bottom surface. Preferably it is 0.66 to 0.83 times.
- the angle formed by the tangent line of the convex portion bus and the bottom surface of the convex portion at the position where the bottom surface of the convex portion and the generatrix of the convex portion are in contact is preferably 85 ° or less, and more preferably 80 ° or less. In the case where the convex portion has a hemispherical shape, the angle is 90 °.
- FIG. 4 shows an angle ⁇ between the tangent s of the generatrix r of the convex portion a and the bottom surface p of the convex portion a at the position i where the bottom surface p of the convex portion a and the generatrix r of the convex portion a are in contact.
- the filling rate of the bottom surface of the convex portion occupying the surface of the fine structure according to aspect 1 is preferably 70% or more from the viewpoint of improving the light extraction efficiency. Further, it is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, and further preferably 90% or more.
- the convex part in the said fine structure may differ in a magnitude
- the convex portions are preferably arranged at random from the viewpoint of suitably preventing moire that may be generated by using other members having a regular structure in a stacked manner.
- regular arrangement is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of arrangement of convex portions and improvement of the filling rate with a circle having the same radius. Examples of the regular arrangement include a lattice shape and a honeycomb shape.
- the diameter of the bottom surface of the convex portion of the fine structure of Embodiment 1 is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 3 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit is 100 ⁇ m or less, the graininess of the protrusions due to the arrangement pattern of the protrusions can be eliminated, and a uniform surface can be obtained.
- the lower limit is 1 ⁇ m or more, the light extraction efficiency is reduced. Can be prevented.
- the thickness of the base portion supporting the convex portion of the fine structure according to aspect 1 is preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. By being 300 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracks and curls. Moreover, it is preferable that the minimum of the thickness of a base part is 1 micrometer or more. By setting the thickness of the base portion to 1 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of uneven interference.
- the “thickness of the base portion that supports the convex portion of the fine structure” herein refers to the thickness t from the surface on which the bottom surface of the convex portion a is disposed to the opposite surface, as shown in FIG.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element according to aspect 2 includes a plurality of fine recesses having a circular opening surface, and the recess has a bottom on a vertical line at the center of the opening surface,
- the bus is defined by a bus that connects the circumference of the opening surface, and the bus of the recess is monotonously deep from the circumference of the opening to the bottom, and the bottom of the recess
- the depth of the recess is 0.65 to 1.43 times the radius of the opening surface, and the depth of the recess at a position 3/4 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is The depth of the recess at a position 9/10 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is 0.03 to 0 times the radius of the opening surface. .39 times.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element of aspect 2 has the special surface shape described above, the light extraction efficiency can be improved as compared with a conventional light-emitting element by using the microstructure for a light-emitting element. Can do.
- the plurality of recesses b constituting the microstructure of the aspect 2 have a circular opening surface l, and has a bottom m on a perpendicular line to the center o of the opening surface l, It is demarcated by a bus line connecting m and the circumference of the opening surface l.
- the depth of the generatrix of the recess b is monotonously increased from the circumference of the opening surface l to the bottom m.
- the shape of the concave portion constituting the fine structure according to aspect 2 is a range in which optical simulation is performed in which the radius of the opening surface of the concave portion, the depth of the bottom, the bus bar shape, and the like are changed in various ways, and a suitable light extraction efficiency is obtained. It is obtained by extracting.
- the radius of the opening surface of the recess was set to 1, and a rotating body having various depths and having a different bus shape was used as the virtual recess.
- the generatrix shape has four points p5 (position of 1 ⁇ 4 of the radius), p6 (position of 1 ⁇ 2 of the radius), and p7 (3/4 of the radius) that are different from the center o of the opening surface.
- Position) and depth at p8 (position 9/10 of the radius) (referred to as d0, d1, d2, d3, and d4, respectively) in a shape connected by a cubic spline curve.
- the virtual recess was assumed to have a shape in which the radius of the opening of the recess was 1.00 and d0 to d4 were changed from 0.00 to 2.00.
- the light extraction efficiency was calculated by changing the step width of each of d0 to d4 by 0.50.
- the step width was further changed to 0.20 and 0.10, and finally the light extraction efficiency was calculated with 0.01 increments.
- the light emitting element 30 is a light emitting element (FIG. 3 (b)) having the same structure as that when the convex portion is simulated, and is virtually placed on the glass surface (light extraction surface) 31.
- a fine structure 36 in which concave portions are arranged on lattice points having a period of the concave portion diameter is arranged, and similarly to the convex portion, a simulation using a ray tracing method is performed, and light extraction when the light extraction surface is smooth is performed.
- the range in which the light extraction efficiency of the light extraction surface with the concave portion is 2.25 times or more of the efficiency is defined as the concave shape range.
- the concave shape is a hemisphere
- the light extraction efficiency is improved by 2.24 times compared to a flat shape.
- the range in which the light extraction efficiency is improved as compared with the case of a hemisphere is the shape of this embodiment.
- the depth of the bottom of the recess was 0.65 to 1.43 times the radius of the opening surface, the light extraction efficiency was improved by 2.25 times or more when flat.
- the depth of the bottom of the recess is preferably 0.75 to 1.38 times, more preferably 0.81 to 1.25 times.
- the depth of the concave portion at a position 3 ⁇ 4 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is 0.16 to 0.79 times the radius of the opening surface, preferably 0.24 to 0.00. 58 times, more preferably 0.34 to 0.53 times.
- the depth of the concave portion at a position 9/10 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is 0.03 to 0.39 times, preferably 0.04 to 0.28 times the radius of the opening surface. Preferably it is 0.07 to 0.23 times.
- the shape of the cavity defined by the opening surface of the recess and the bus bar of the recess is different from the hemispherical shape, and the radius of curvature of each part of each bus bar is not constant like a semicircle.
- the simulation was performed on a concave portion that is a rotating body obtained by rotating one bus bar around an axis perpendicular to the center of the bottom surface. However, if the concave portion satisfies the above conditions, the concave portion is not necessarily a rotating body. Absent.
- the depth of the recess at a position 1/4 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is 0.64 to 1.35 times the radius of the opening surface, preferably 0.74. 1.25 times, more preferably 0.78 to 1.17 times.
- the depth of the concave portion at a position 1/2 of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface is 0.58 to 1.11 times, preferably 0.65 to 0.97 times the radius of the opening surface. More preferably, it is 0.67 to 0.95 times.
- the angle formed by the tangent to the concave line at the position where the opening surface of the concave part and the bus line of the concave part contact each other is preferably 85 ° or less, and more preferably 80 ° or less.
- the said angle in the case where the cavity part of a recessed part is hemispherical shape is 90 degrees.
- FIG. 7 shows an angle ⁇ formed between the tangent s of the bus bar n of the recess b and the opening surface 1 of the recess b at the position u where the opening surface l of the recess b contacts the bus n of the recess b.
- the filling rate of the opening surface of the concave portion occupying the surface of the fine structure of aspect 2 is 70% or more from the viewpoint of improving the light extraction efficiency. Further, it is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, and further preferably 90% or more.
- the recessed part in the said fine structure may differ in a magnitude
- the concave portions are preferably arranged at random from the viewpoint of suitably preventing moiré that may occur when other members having a regular structure are stacked and used.
- regular arrangement is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of arrangement of the recesses and improvement of the filling rate with a circle having the same radius. Examples of the regular arrangement include a lattice shape and a honeycomb shape.
- the diameter of the opening surface of the concave portion of the fine structure according to Aspect 2 is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 3 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit is 100 ⁇ m or less, the graininess of the recesses due to the arrangement pattern of the recesses can be eliminated and the surface can be made uniform.
- the lower limit is 1 ⁇ m or more, the light extraction efficiency is reduced. Can be prevented.
- the thickness of the base portion that supports the concave portion of the fine structure according to aspect 2 is preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. When the upper limit is 300 ⁇ m or less, generation of cracks and curls can be prevented. Moreover, it is preferable that the minimum of the thickness of a base part is 0.2 micrometer or more. By setting the thickness of the base portion to 0.2 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to obtain durability that can sufficiently withstand use.
- the “thickness of the base portion that supports the concave portion of the fine structure” as used herein refers to the thickness t from the surface where the bottom of the concave portion b is formed to the opposite surface as shown in FIG.
- the fine structure of the present invention is made of a transparent polymer resin.
- polymer resins include ionizing radiation curable resins, thermosetting resins, and thermoplastic resins.
- ionizing radiation curable resin a photopolymerizable prepolymer that can be crosslinked and cured by irradiation with ionizing radiation (ultraviolet ray or electron beam) can be used.
- An acrylic prepolymer having at least one acryloyl group and having a three-dimensional network structure by crosslinking and curing is particularly preferably used.
- the acrylic prepolymer urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate, melamine acrylate, polyfluoroalkyl acrylate, silicone acrylate and the like can be used.
- these acrylic prepolymers can be used alone, but it is preferable to add a photopolymerizable monomer in order to improve the cross-linking curability and the hardness of the lens layer.
- photopolymerizable monomers examples include monofunctional acrylic monomers such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, and butoxyethyl acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, and diethylene glycol.
- bifunctional acrylic monomer such as diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, hydroxypivalate ester neopentyl glycol diacrylate, etc.
- polyfunctional acrylic monomer such as dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, trimethylpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or the like Two or more are used.
- additives such as a photopolymerization initiator and a photopolymerization accelerator when curing by ultraviolet irradiation.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include acetophenone, benzophenone, Michler's ketone, benzoin, benzylmethyl ketal, benzoylbenzoate, ⁇ -acyloxime ester, thioxanthone and the like.
- the photopolymerization accelerator can reduce the polymerization obstacle due to air during curing and increase the curing speed.
- p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid isoamyl ester p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, etc.can be mentioned.
- Thermosetting resins include silicone resins, phenolic resins, urea resins, melamine resins, furan resins, unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, diallyl phthalate resins, guanamine resins, ketone resins, Examples include amino alkyd resins, urethane resins, acrylic resins, and polycarbonate resins. These can be used alone, but it is desirable to add a curing agent in order to further improve the crosslinkability and the hardness of the crosslinked cured coating film.
- a compound such as polyisocyanate, amino resin, epoxy resin, carboxylic acid or the like can be appropriately used in accordance with a suitable resin.
- thermoplastic resins ABS resin, norbornene resin, silicone resin, nylon resin, polyacetal resin, polycarbonate resin, modified polyphenylene ether resin, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, sulfone resin, imide resin, fluorine resin Resin, styrene resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, nylon resin, rubber resin, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl Examples include alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyethylene glycol.
- thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins it is preferable to use an acrylic resin thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin from the viewpoint of obtaining coating strength of the fine structure and good transparency. Moreover, these thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins can also be used as thermosetting resins or composite resins in which a plurality of types of thermoplastic resins are combined.
- the polymer resin resins other than the above-mentioned resins can be used in combination, but the content ratio of the above-described polymer resin and the other resins is from the viewpoint of accurately producing the microstructure of the present invention.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin is preferably contained in an amount of about 30 to 90% by weight in the total polymer resin component.
- the fine structure may be fine particles, a lubricant, a fluorescent brightening agent, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, an antibacterial agent, and an antifungal agent as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Various additives such as an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, a plasticizer, a leveling agent, a flow regulator, an antifoaming agent, a dispersing agent, a release agent, and a crosslinking agent can also be included.
- the refractive index of the fine structure is preferably 1.40 to 1.70, more preferably 1.50 to 1.65.
- microstructure of the present invention can be variously modified such as addition or replacement of members based on the structure shown in FIGS.
- a modification example will be described.
- a member having a flat surface is disposed on the surface of the microstructure of the present invention having the uneven pattern.
- the flat member is arranged on the surface on the apex side of the convex portion, so that the convex portion is protected and the light extraction efficiency is reduced due to the shape change of the convex portion due to scratches or the like. Further, it is possible to prevent the convex portion from being lost, or to easily remove foreign matters attached to the surface.
- FIG. 9 shows a microstructure 1 according to the present invention in which a member 10 having a flat surface is arranged on the surface on the apex side of the convex portion a.
- FIG. 10 shows the microstructure 1 of the present invention in which a member 10 having a flat surface is disposed on the opening surface of the recess b.
- Examples of the member having a flat surface include the same materials as those described later as the support.
- the thickness of the flat member is preferably 25 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the flat member may be bonded with a conventionally known adhesive in order to improve the adhesion with the fine structure.
- a hard coat layer may be provided on the surface of the flat member opposite to the surface disposed on the fine structure from the viewpoint of preventing scratches and improving durability.
- the hard coat layer is made of an ionizing radiation curable resin, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like.
- ionizing radiation curable resins are preferably used because they easily exhibit hard coat properties.
- These resins can be composed of the same resin as an ionizing radiation curable resin, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like that can be used as the fine structure described above.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m, and further preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the hard coat property can be made sufficient.
- curling and insufficient curing can be prevented by setting the thickness of the hard coat layer to 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the hard coat layer has a pencil scratch value (pencil hardness) adjusted to H or higher, more preferably 2H or higher, and further preferably 3H or higher.
- pencil hardness adjusted to H or higher, more preferably 2H or higher, and further preferably 3H or higher.
- the pencil scratch value is a value measured by a method based on JIS K5400: 1990.
- the scratch property and hardness of the hard coat layer can be adjusted by the type of resin constituting the hard coat layer and the curing conditions.
- the hard coat layer is prepared by mixing a resin such as the above-mentioned ionizing radiation curable resin on a flat member and adjusting the coating liquid for the hard coat layer by mixing additives and diluting solvents used as necessary.
- Coating methods such as bar coater, die coater, blade coater, spin coater, roll coater, gravure coater, flow coater, spray, screen printing, etc., and if necessary, after drying, ionizing radiation by ionizing radiation irradiation It can be formed by curing a curable resin.
- microstructure of the present invention may be formed on a support.
- a highly transparent material such as a glass plate or a plastic film
- a glass plate it is possible to use a glass plate made of oxide glass such as silicate glass, phosphate glass, borate glass, etc., especially silicate glass, alkali silicate glass, soda lime glass, A silicate glass such as potash lime glass, lead glass, barium glass, borosilicate glass or the like is preferably used as a plate glass.
- the plastic film for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, triacetyl cellulose, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, norbornene compound, etc.
- Polyethylene terephthalate film is preferably used because of its excellent mechanical strength and dimensional stability. It is preferable to use a support that has been subjected to an easy adhesion treatment such as a plasma treatment, a corona discharge treatment, a far-ultraviolet irradiation treatment, or an undercoat easy adhesion layer.
- an easy adhesion treatment such as a plasma treatment, a corona discharge treatment, a far-ultraviolet irradiation treatment, or an undercoat easy adhesion layer.
- the thickness of the support is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the material to be applied, but is generally 25 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the above-described support may be provided with an easy-adhesion layer on the film surface, or may be subjected to corona discharge treatment, plasma treatment, far-infrared treatment, etc., in order to improve adhesion to the fine structure.
- the microstructure of the present invention can be formed by a transfer shaping technique such as 2P method, 2T method, embossing method or the like. Therefore, a mold for forming a desired uneven pattern is first prepared.
- the mold can be formed directly on a heat-resistant material such as metal, or can be made by electroforming. In either case, the plane is first filled with a circle having a constant radius or a plurality of types of circles having different radii, and the position of the bottom surface of the convex portion or the opening surface of the concave portion is determined.
- the method described in republication WO2009 / 116429 is employable, for example.
- a numerical value satisfying condition 1 or condition 3 is set as the height of the convex portion or the depth of the concave portion and the shape of the bus bar with the circle as the bottom surface.
- the calculation can be performed by a computer, thereby determining the shape of the convex portion.
- the designed concave portion is formed, for example, in a mold material by a fine processing technique such as photolithography, fine cutting, and etching.
- a desired convex shape can be produced by making the shape of the generatrix whose drill tip shape is determined.
- type which has a shape complementary to a convex part by this is obtained. If it is the microstructure of aspect 2, the type
- the polymer resin or the like constituting the fine structure as described above is filled in the mold prepared as described above, and after the shape pattern is transferred and shaped, the polymer resin or the like is cured, By peeling from the mold, a microstructure having a microstructure formed of a plurality of convex portions or concave portions is obtained.
- a support when a support is used, a polymer resin or the like is filled in the mold, the support is overlaid thereon, the polymer resin or the like is cured, and the support is removed from the mold. A fine structure in which a fine structure composed of a plurality of convex portions is shaped is obtained.
- thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin is used.
- the transfer shaping techniques described above it is preferable to employ the 2P method from the viewpoint that the microstructure can be produced in a relatively short time and heating and cooling are not required, so that deformation of the constituent members due to heat can be suppressed to a minimum.
- the 2T method it is preferable to employ the viewpoint of a high degree of freedom in the material selectivity of the members constituting the fine structure and the ability to reduce process costs.
- the polymer resin when the polymer resin is an ionizing radiation curable resin, it can be cured by irradiating with ionizing radiation. Further, when the polymer resin is a thermosetting resin, it can be cured by applying heat. Further, when the polymer resin is a thermoplastic resin, it can be cured by cooling.
- the ionizing radiation include ultraviolet rays emitted from ultra high pressure mercury lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, low pressure mercury lamps, carbon arcs, metal halide lamps, etc., and ultraviolet rays having a wavelength region of 200 to 400 nm, scanning type and curtain type. An electron beam emitted from an electron beam accelerator having a wavelength region of 100 nm or less can be used.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element of the present invention has a concavo-convex pattern determined by simulating a convex shape or a concave shape with which optimal light emission efficiency can be obtained, the light extraction efficiency can be improved by using it for a light-emitting element. It can be excellent.
- the light emitting device of the present invention is obtained by forming a light emitting portion on a light transmissive member. More specifically, the reflecting member that reflects the light from the light emitting unit is sequentially provided with a light emitting unit, a light transmissive member, and a light extraction member. Specific examples of the light emitting device having such a structure include an EL element and an LED element. Hereinafter, an embodiment applied to an EL element will be described.
- the EL element of the present invention comprises a transparent anode, a light emitting portion, and a cathode in this order, and the transparent anode is provided on the side opposite to the side on which the light emitting portion is formed.
- the microstructure for a light emitting element is arranged such that the apex of the convex portion (or the opening surface of the concave portion) is on the light emitting surface side.
- a direct current voltage is applied between these transparent anode and cathode to inject electrons and holes into the light-emitting part, and excitons are generated by recombination of them, and light is emitted when the excitons are deactivated.
- the light emitting part is made to emit light by using.
- the EL element may be further provided with a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a glass substrate, etc., which are well known and provided as necessary. Therefore, the description is omitted here.
- FIG. 11 shows an EL element of the present invention.
- FIG. 11A shows the case where the fine structure of aspect 1 is used
- FIG. 11B shows the case where the fine structure of aspect 2 is used.
- the EL element 2 of the present invention is an EL element comprising a transparent anode 12, a light emitting portion 13, and a cathode 14 in this order. What is the side of the transparent anode 12 on which the light emitting portion 13 is formed? On the opposite side, the EL element microstructure 1 is arranged such that the apex of the convex portion or the opening surface of the concave portion is on the light emitting surface side. As shown in FIG. 11, the EL element 2 may be provided with a glass substrate 11 on a transparent anode 12.
- the transparent anode 12 is an electrode located on the light emitting side of both sides of the light emitting unit, and the cathode is an electrode located on the opposite side of the transparent anode on both sides of the light emitting unit.
- the transparent anode 12 can be, for example, a layer in which an ITO film, an IZO film, or the like is formed by a dry process such as a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method.
- the film forming material is not limited to these, and other materials can be used as long as they are transparent and have electrical conductivity.
- the thickness of the transparent anode is desirably 1 ⁇ m or less. By setting the thickness to 1 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to prevent local spikes and to prevent the total light transmittance from being lowered. When the height of the protrusion reaches 100 nm, for example, the local spike may cause a problem in the subsequent film forming process.
- the light emitting portion 13 is a layer in which a low molecular or high molecular EL material is formed.
- the low molecular EL material include naphthalene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, perylene derivatives, polymethine-based, xanthene-based, coumarin-based, cyanine-based pigments, 8-hydroquinoline and its metal complexes, aromatic amines, And tetraphenylcyclopentadiene derivatives.
- polymer EL material examples include ⁇ -conjugated polymer materials such as PPV (polyparaphenylene vinylene), PAT (polythiophene), PF (polyfluorene), and PPP (polyparaphenylene).
- PPV polyparaphenylene vinylene
- PAT polythiophene
- PF polyfluorene
- PPP polyparaphenylene
- it can be formed as a white light emitting layer, or it can be formed as a light emitting layer of blue, red, yellow, green, etc., and these layers may be laminated.
- a metal such as Al (aluminum), In (indium), Mg (magnesium), Ti (titanium), Ag (silver), Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium) having a small work function, or these Metal oxides, fluorides and alloys thereof, laminates, and the like are used.
- the refractive index of the above elements constituting the EL element is not particularly limited.
- the layer constituting the fine structure is 1.40 to 1.70
- the glass is 1.45 to 1.80
- the transparent electrode is 1.90 to 2.20
- the light emitting part is 1.50 to 1.90.
- the EL element of the present invention comprises a transparent anode, a light emitting portion, and a cathode in this order, and is on the opposite side of the transparent anode from the side on which the light emitting portion is formed.
- the microstructure for a light-emitting element of the present invention is arranged so that the concave / convex pattern (the apex of the convex portion or the opening of the concave portion) is on the light emitting surface side, so that it is compared with a conventional EL element.
- the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- an illumination device using the EL element of the present invention as a light source can be provided.
- the EL element of the present invention as a light source of an illuminating device, it is possible to illuminate with better light extraction efficiency than in the past.
- the microstructure of this invention is light emitting elements other than EL element, for example, LED is fluorescent substance containing resin and transparent resin.
- the LED element with the covered structure can be similarly applied by arranging it on the surface of the resin, and the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- Example 1 To mold a, 50 parts of acrylic monomer (methyl methacrylate: Wako Pure Chemical Industries) as UV curable resin and 45 parts of polyfunctional acrylic monomer (NK ester A-TMPT-3EO: Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), photopolymerization A mixed solution consisting of 5 parts of an initiator (Irgacure 184: Ciba Japan) was dropped, and a 100 ⁇ m thick polyester film (Cosmo Shine A4300: Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was adhered thereto.
- acrylic monomer methyl methacrylate: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- NK ester A-TMPT-3EO Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 In this state, 1500 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet light is irradiated from the polyester film side with a metal halide lamp, the ultraviolet curable resin is cured, and then the polyester film and the resin are peeled off from the mold so that the shape of the mold is faithful.
- the transferred microstructure of Example 1 was produced.
- a base portion (corresponding to a thickness t in FIG. 5) of about 10 ⁇ m was formed between the unevenness of the polyester film mold.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the structure of the fine structure of Example 1 using a laser microscope (Keyence Corporation: VK-9500).
- Examples 2 to 6, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Fine structures of Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the molds b to i were used instead of the mold a used in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the structures of the microstructures of Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the convex part of the microstructure of the comparative example 1 is hemispherical.
- the height of the vertex of the convex portion indicates the ratio of the height of the vertex of the convex portion to the radius of the bottom surface of the convex portion. Also, “the height of the convex portion at the position of 3/4”, “the height of the convex portion at the position of 9/10”, “the height of the convex portion at the position of 1/4”, “the position of the half” "The height of the convex portion” means the bottom surface of the convex portion at a position of 3/4, 9/10, 1/4, 1/2 of the radius of the bottom surface of the convex portion from the center of the bottom surface of the convex portion. The ratio of the height of the convex portion to the radius is shown.
- the “filling rate of convex portions” indicates the filling rate of the bottom surface of the convex portions occupying the surface of the fine structure.
- the “angle of the convex portion end portion” means an angle ( ⁇ in FIG. 4) between the tangent line of the convex portion bus line and the convex portion bottom surface at the position where the bottom surface of the convex portion and the convex portion bus line are in contact. Show.
- Example 7 On the convex surface of the fine structure of Example 1, the polyester film side of a hard coat film (KB film N05S: Kimoto Co.) consisting of a hard coat layer and a polyester film is bonded via an adhesive, and the fine example of Example 7 is bonded. A structure was obtained.
- a hard coat film KB film N05S: Kimoto Co.
- a substrate having a specific concavo-convex shape formed by a fine drilling technique was produced.
- the concave / convex shape of the substrate is formed by closely adhering a concave portion with an opening radius of about 25 ⁇ m and a depth of about 20 ⁇ m at a predetermined filling rate (separately listed).
- a recess which is a rotating body was produced.
- molds j to r vertical ⁇ horizontal size 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm capable of reversing the specific concavo-convex shape by shape forming and transferring the shape were prepared.
- Example 8 To mold j, 50 parts of acrylic monomer (methyl methacrylate: Wako Pure Chemical Industries) as UV curable resin and 45 parts of polyfunctional acrylic monomer (NK ester A-TMPT-3EO: Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), photopolymerization A mixed solution consisting of 5 parts of an initiator (Irgacure 184: Ciba Japan) was dropped, and a 100 ⁇ m thick polyester film (Cosmo Shine A4300: Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was adhered thereto.
- acrylic monomer methyl methacrylate: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
- polyfunctional acrylic monomer NK ester A-TMPT-3EO: Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Example 8 In this state, 1500 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet light is irradiated from the polyester film side with a metal halide lamp, the ultraviolet curable resin is cured, and then the polyester film and the resin are peeled off from the mold so that the shape of the mold is faithful.
- the transferred microstructure of Example 8 was produced. In this fine structure, a base portion (corresponding to a thickness t in FIG. 8) of about 10 ⁇ m was formed from the bottom of the recess transferred by the mold to the polyester film surface. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the structure of the microstructure of Example 8 using a laser microscope (Keyence Corporation: VK-9500).
- Example 9 is the same as Example 8 except that the dies k to r produced by changing the concavo-convex shape by the same method as in Example 8 are used in place of the mold j used in Example 8. To 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were produced. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the structures of the microstructures of Examples 9 to 13 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 using a laser microscope (Keyence Corporation: VK-9500). In addition, the hollow part of the recessed part of the microstructure of the comparative example 4 is hemispherical.
- the depth of the bottom of the recess indicates the ratio of the depth of the bottom of the recess to the radius of the opening surface of the recess.
- the depth of the concave portion at the position of 3/4 means a recess with respect to the radius of the opening surface of the recess at a position of 3/4, 9/10, 1/4, 1/2 of the radius of the opening surface of the recess from the center of the opening surface of the recess. Indicates the percentage of depth.
- the “filling rate of the recesses” indicates the filling rate of the opening surface of the recesses occupying the surface of the fine structure.
- the “angle of the concave cavity end” indicates an angle ( ⁇ in FIG. 7) formed by the concave tangent and the concave opening at a position where the concave opening and the concave generating line are in contact with each other.
- Example 14 On the opening surface of the concave portion of the microstructure of Example 8, the polyester film side of a hard coat film (KB film N05S: Kimoto Co.) consisting of a hard coat layer and a polyester film is bonded via an adhesive. 14 microstructures were obtained.
- a hard coat film KB film N05S: Kimoto Co.
- the fine structures of Examples 1 to 6 include special protrusions defined in the present invention. Compared to the microstructure of Comparative Example 1, the light extraction efficiency was excellent.
- the organic EL light-emitting devices using the microstructures of Examples 1 to 3 and 5 to 6 are superior in light extraction efficiency because the microstructures satisfy not only Condition 1 but also Condition 2. became.
- Example 6 although the rate of change in efficiency relative to Comparative Example 1 is small, it includes a special convex portion defined in the present invention, and therefore, it is defined by the present invention consisting of the same filling rate not shown in the Example. Compared with a shape other than a special convex portion, the light extraction efficiency is excellent.
- the filling rate of the bottom surface of the convex portion occupying the surface of the microstructure is 85% or more, and the microstructures are in the condition.
- the height of the vertex of the convex portion which is a preferred range of 1 and Condition 2, is 0.70 to 1.07 times the radius of the bottom surface of the convex portion, and the radius of the bottom surface of the convex portion is from the center of the bottom surface of the convex portion.
- the heights of the convex portions at the positions of 3/4, 9/10, 1/4 and 1/2 are 0.25 to 0.63 times, 0.05 to 0.35 times, 0, respectively, the radius of the bottom surface. Since it was .67 to 1.04 times and 0.63 to 0.88 times, the light extraction efficiency was excellent.
- the fine structure in addition to the filling rate of the bottom surface of the convex portion occupying the fine structure surface being 85% or more, the fine structure satisfies the conditions 1 and
- the height of the vertex of the convex portion which is a more preferable range of Condition 2, is 0.80 to 1.00 times the radius of the bottom surface of the convex portion, and the radius of the bottom surface from the center of the bottom surface of the convex portion, respectively.
- the height of the convex portions at the positions of 3/4, 9/10, 1/4, and 1/2 is 0.37 to 0.53 times, 0.08 to 0.20 times, 0.0. Since it was 77 to 0.93 times and 0.66 to 0.83 times, the light extraction efficiency was excellent.
- the organic EL light-emitting device using the microstructure of Comparative Example 1 has a hemispherical shape unlike the one defined by the present invention in the shape of the projections occupying the surface of the microstructure.
- the light extraction efficiency was inferior to that of an organic EL light-emitting device using the above fine structure.
- the organic EL light emitting device using the fine structure of the comparative example 1 has approximately the same power efficiency as that of the example 6, but this is due to the difference in the filling rate of the convex portions, which is the same. It can be seen that the light extraction efficiency is inferior when compared with those of Examples 1 to 4, which have a filling rate.
- the fine structures of Examples 8 to 13 include special recesses defined in the present invention. Compared with the fine structure of Example 4, the light extraction efficiency was excellent.
- the organic EL light-emitting devices using the microstructures of Examples 8 to 10 and 12 to 13 are superior in light extraction efficiency because the microstructures satisfy not only Condition 3 but also Condition 4. became.
- Example 13 although the efficiency change rate with respect to Comparative Example 4 is small, it includes a special recess defined in the present invention. Therefore, the special rate defined in the present invention is composed of the same filling rate not shown in the Example. Compared with a shape having a shape other than a concave portion, the light extraction efficiency is excellent.
- the filling ratio of the opening surface of the concave portion occupying the surface of the microstructure is 85% or more.
- the depth of the bottom of the recess which is a preferred range of 3 and Condition 4, is 0.75 to 1.38 times the radius of the opening surface of the recess, and the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface of the recess.
- the depths of the recesses at the positions of 3/4, 9/10, 1/4, and 1/2 are 0.24 to 0.58 times, 0.04 to 0.28 times, and 0, respectively, of the radius of the opening surface. Since it was .74 to 1.25 times and 0.65 to 0.97 times, the light extraction efficiency was excellent.
- the filling ratio of the opening surface of the concave portion occupying the fine structure surface is 85% or more.
- the depth of the bottom of the recess which is a more preferable range of Condition 4, is 0.81 to 1.25 times the radius of the opening surface of the recess, and each of the radius of the opening surface from the center of the opening surface of the recess.
- the depths of the recesses at the positions of 3/4, 9/10, 1/4 and 1/2 are 0.34 to 0.53 times, 0.07 to 0.23 times, and 0.0. Since it was 78 to 1.17 times and 0.67 to 0.95 times, the light extraction efficiency was excellent.
- the organic EL light-emitting device using the microstructure of Comparative Example 4 was composed of a hemispherical cavity, unlike the one defined by the present invention in the shape of the recesses occupied on the surface of the microstructure. Compared to the organic EL light emitting devices using the fine structures of Examples 8 to 13, the light extraction efficiency was inferior.
- the organic EL light emitting device using the fine structure of Comparative Example 4 had substantially the same power efficiency as that of Example 13, but this was due to the difference in the filling rate of the recesses, and the same filling. It can be seen that the light extraction efficiency is inferior when compared with those of Examples 8 to 11.
- Examples 8 to 13 The light extraction efficiency was inferior to that of an organic EL light-emitting device using the above fine structure.
- the surface was rubbed with a nail, but it was confirmed that the fine structures were not destroyed and the surface was hardly damaged.
- Example 7 and Example 14 In the same manner as described above, the fine structures of Example 7 and Example 14 were respectively pasted on the light emission surface of an organic EL light emitting device manufactured by OSRAM, and the organic EL light emitting device was obtained. Got. Next, the organic EL light emitting device was made to emit light by applying a voltage / current of 3.5 V and 120 mA, thereby measuring the total luminous flux and obtaining the power efficiency.
- the change rate (efficiency change rate (%)) of the power efficiency of the fine structure of Example 7 with respect to the power efficiency of the fine structure of Comparative Example 1 was 2.62%. Moreover, when the change rate (efficiency change rate (%)) of the fine structure of Example 14 to the power efficiency of the fine structure of Comparative Example 4 was determined, it was 1.51%.
- the organic EL light emitting device using the fine structure of Example 7 includes a special convex portion defined in the present invention, and thus has excellent light extraction efficiency. Further, the organic EL light-emitting device using the fine structure of Example 14 includes a special concave portion specified by the present invention, and thus has excellent light extraction efficiency.
- Haydon-14 (Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.) was used for the outermost surface on the side where the convex portions of the fine structures of Example 7 and Example 14 were formed in accordance with the pencil scratch test based on JIS K5400: 1990. When the pencil hardness was measured, it was 2H, and it was confirmed that the scratch resistance was excellent. Further, dust and fingerprints attached to the outermost surface on the side where the convex portions of the fine structures of Example 7 and Example 14 are formed can be easily removed without damaging the surface by wiping the outermost surface with a waste cloth. could be removed.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の微細構造体の凹凸パターンには、2つの態様がある。一つは、微細構造体の平坦な面を基準として、その面から突出する凸部が複数形成されている凹凸パターン(態様1)、他の一つは、平坦な面から凹んだ凹部が複数形成されている凹凸パターン(態様2)である。以下、態様毎に凹凸パターンの特徴を説明する。
態様1の発光素子用微細構造体は、円形の底面を有する微細な凸部を複数含んでなるものであって、前記凸部は、前記底面の中心の垂線上に頂点を持ち、頂点から底面の円周上に下ろした母線により画定されるものであり、前記凸部の母線は、頂点から底面の円周上に至るまで高さを単調に減少してなり、前記凸部の頂点の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.67~1.15倍であり、前記底面の中心から前記底面の半径の3/4の位置における前記凸部の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.21~0.65倍であり、前記底面の中心から前記底面の半径の9/10の位置における前記凸部の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.04~0.38倍となっている。
なおシミュレーションは、一つの母線を、底面の中心に垂直な軸を中心として回転させた回転体である凸部について行ったが、凸部は上記条件を満たすものであれば、必ずしも回転体である必要はない。
次に、態様2の発光素子用微細構造体ついて説明する。態様2の発光素子用微細構造体は、円形の開口面を有する微細な凹部を複数含んでなるものであって、前記凹部は、前記開口面の中心の垂線上に底を持ち、前記底と前記開口面の円周上を結んだ母線により画定されるものであり、前記凹部の母線は、開口面の円周上から底に至るまで深さを単調に深くしてなり、前記凹部の底の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.65~1.43倍であり、前記開口面の中心から前記開口面の半径の3/4の位置における前記凹部の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.16~0.79倍であり、前記開口面の中心から前記開口面の半径の9/10の位置における前記凹部の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.03~0.39倍となっている。
なおシミュレーションは、一つの母線を、底面の中心に垂直な軸を中心として回転させた回転体である凹部について行ったが、凹部は上記条件を満たすものであれば、必ずしも回転体である必要はない。
次に上記態様1、2に共通する微細構造体の材料について説明する。本発明の微細構造体は、透明な高分子樹脂により構成されてなる。このような高分子樹脂としては、電離放射線硬化性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂等が挙げられる。
微細構造体の屈折率は、1.40~1.70が好ましく、1.50~1.65がより好ましい。
本発明の微細構造体は、図5及び図8に示す構造を基本として、部材の追加や置換等の種々の変更が可能である。以下、変更例を説明する。
以下、本発明の微細構造体の製造方法を説明する。
本発明の微細構造体は2P法、2T法やエンボス加工法等のような転写賦形技術により形成することができる。そのため、まず所望の凹凸パターンを形成するための型を用意する。型は、金属等の耐熱性のある材料に直接形状を作ることも可能であるし、電鋳によって作ることもできる。いずれの場合にも、まず半径が一定の円或いは半径が異なる複数種の円で平面を充填し、凸部の底面或いは凹部の開口面の位置を決める。なお円を所望の充填率で配置する手法については、例えば、再公表WO2009/116429に記載された方法を採用することができる。次に各円の半径を用いて、円を底面とする凸部の高さ或いは凹部の深さ及び母線の形状として条件1又は条件3を満たす数値を設定する。ここまでは計算機によって行うことができ、これにより凸部の形状が確定する。次いでフォトリソグラフィー、微細切削加工、エッチング等の微細加工技術により、設計された凹部を例えば型材料に形成する。フォトリソグラフィーにおいて形状を制御するには、例えば再公表WO2007/040138や再公表WO2007/116671に記載された技術を用いることができる。また微細切削加工についてはドリル先端形状を決定した母線の形状にすることで所望の凸部形状を作製することができる。
<凹型金型の作製>
微細穴開け加工技術により形成された特定の凹凸形状を賦形転写することができる金型a~i(縦×横のサイズが10mm×10mm)を用意した。この金型の凹凸形状は、開口の半径が25μm、深さが20μm程度の凹部を所定の充填率(別掲)で密着し作製したものであり、金型によって凹部の母線の形状を異ならせて、母線の回転体である凹部を作製した。
金型aへ、紫外線硬化型樹脂としてアクリルモノマー(メタクリル酸メチル:和光純薬社)50部及び多官能性アクリルモノマー(NKエステルA-TMPT-3EO:新中村化学工業社)45部、光重合開始剤(イルガキュア184:チバ・ジャパン社)5部からなる混合液を滴下し、この上に厚み100μmのポリエステルフィルム(コスモシャインA4300:東洋紡績社)を密着させた。この状態のままポリエステルフィルム側からメタルハライドランプにより1500mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射し、紫外線硬化型樹脂を硬化させたのちポリエステルフィルム及び樹脂を金型から剥離することで、金型の形状を忠実に転写させた実施例1の微細構造体を作製した。この微細構造体は、ポリエステルフィルムの金型の凹凸との間に約10μmの基底部(図5の厚みtに相当)が形成されていた。実施例1の微細構造体の構造を、レーザ顕微鏡(キーエンス社:VK-9500)を用いて測定した結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で用いた金型aに替えて、金型b~iを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2~6及び比較例1~3の微細構造体を作製した。実施例2~6及び比較例1~3の微細構造体の構造について表1に示す。なお、比較例1の微細構造体の凸部は、半球形となっている。
実施例1の微細構造体の凸面上に、ハードコート層とポリエステルフィルムからなるハードコートフィルム(KBフィルムN05S:きもと社)のポリエステルフィルム側を接着剤を介して貼合し、実施例7の微細構造体を得た。
凹型金型の作製と同様にして、微細穴開け加工技術により形成された特定の凹凸形状を有する基板を作製した。基板の凹凸形状は、開口の半径が25μm、深さが20μm程度の凹部を所定の充填率(別掲)で密着し作製したものであり、基板によって凹部の母線の形状を異ならせて、母線の回転体である凹部を作製した。次いで電鋳加工して該特定の凹凸形状を反転させ、かかる形状を賦形転写することができる金型j~r(縦×横のサイズが10mm×10mm)を用意した。
金型jへ、紫外線硬化型樹脂としてアクリルモノマー(メタクリル酸メチル:和光純薬社)50部及び多官能性アクリルモノマー(NKエステルA-TMPT-3EO:新中村化学工業社)45部、光重合開始剤(イルガキュア184:チバ・ジャパン社)5部からなる混合液を滴下し、この上に厚み100μmのポリエステルフィルム(コスモシャインA4300:東洋紡績社)を密着させた。この状態のままポリエステルフィルム側からメタルハライドランプにより1500mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射し、紫外線硬化型樹脂を硬化させたのちポリエステルフィルム及び樹脂を金型から剥離することで、金型の形状を忠実に転写させた実施例8の微細構造体を作製した。この微細構造体は、金型により転写された凹部の底からポリエステルフィルム面まで約10μmの基底部(図8の厚みtに相当)が形成されていた。実施例8の微細構造体の構造を、レーザ顕微鏡(キーエンス社:VK-9500)を用いて測定した結果を表2に示す。
実施例8で用いた金型jに替えて、実施例8と同様の手法により凹凸形状を変化させて作製した金型k~rを用いた以外は実施例8と同様にして、実施例9~13及び比較例1~3の微細構造体を作製した。実施例9~13及び比較例4~6の微細構造体の構造を、レーザ顕微鏡(キーエンス社:VK-9500)を用いて測定した結果を表2に示す。なお、比較例4の微細構造体の凹部の空洞部は、半球形となっている。
実施例8の微細構造体の凹部の開口面上に、ハードコート層とポリエステルフィルムからなるハードコートフィルム(KBフィルムN05S:きもと社)のポリエステルフィルム側を接着剤を介して貼合し、実施例14の微細構造体を得た。
実施例1~6(態様1)、8~13(態様2)及び比較例1~6の微細構造体を、OSRAM社製の有機EL発光装置の光出射面上に貼り付け、有機EL発光装置を得た。次いで、かかる有機EL発光装置について、3.5V、120mAの電圧・電流を印加して発光させることで、全光束を測定し、電力効率を求めた。態様1の微細構造体を評価するため、比較例1の微細構造体の電力効率に対する、実施例1~6及び比較例2~3の微細構造体の電力効率の変化割合(効率変化率(%))を求めた。結果を表3に示す。また態様2の微細構造体を評価するため、比較例4の微細構造体の電力効率に対する、実施例8~13及び比較例4~6の微細構造体の電力効率の変化割合(効率変化率(%))を求めた。結果を表4に示す。
実施例8~13の微細構造体について、その表面を爪で擦ってみたが、微細構造体が破壊されることがなく、表面が傷付き難いものであることが確認された。
上述と同様に、実施例7及び実施例14の微細構造体を、それぞれ、OSRAM社製の有機EL発光装置の光出射面上に貼り付け、有機EL発光装置を得た。次いで、かかる有機EL発光装置について、3.5V、120mAの電圧・電流を印加して発光させることで、全光束を測定し、電力効率を求めた。比較例1の微細構造体の電力効率に対する、実施例7の微細構造体の電力効率の変化割合(効率変化率(%))を求めたところ、2.62%であった。また比較例4の微細構造体の電力効率に対する、実施例14の微細構造体の電力効率の変化割合(効率変化率(%))を求めたところ、1.51%であった。
2・・・・本発明のEL素子
10・・・平坦な部材
11・・・ガラス基板
12・・・透明な陽極
13・・・発光部
14・・・陰極
Claims (12)
- 円形の底面を有する微細な凸部を複数含んでなる発光素子用微細構造体であって、
前記凸部は、前記底面の中心の垂線上に頂点を持ち、頂点から底面の円周上に下ろした母線により画定されるものであり、
前記凸部の母線は、頂点から底面の円周上に至るまで高さを単調に減少してなり、
前記凸部の頂点の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.67~1.15倍であり、
前記底面の中心から前記底面の半径の3/4の位置における前記凸部の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.21~0.65倍であり、
前記底面の中心から前記底面の半径の9/10の位置における前記凸部の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.04~0.38倍であることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 請求項1に記載の発光素子用微細構造体であって、
前記底面の中心から前記底面の半径の1/4の位置における前記凸部の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.65~1.08倍であり、
前記底面の中心から前記底面の半径の1/2の位置における前記凸部の高さは、前記底面の半径の0.58~0.91倍であることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 円形の開口面を有する微細な凹部を複数含んでなる発光素子用微細構造体であって、前記凹部は、前記開口面の中心の垂線上に底を持ち、前記底と前記開口面の円周上を結んだ母線により画定されるものであり、
前記凹部の母線は、開口面の円周上から底に至るまで深さを単調に深くしてなり、
前記凹部の底の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.65~1.43倍であり、
前記開口面の中心から前記開口面の半径の3/4の位置における前記凹部の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.16~0.79倍であり、
前記開口面の中心から前記開口面の半径の9/10の位置における前記凹部の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.03~0.39倍であることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 請求項3に記載の発光素子用微細構造体であって、
前記開口面の中心から前記開口面の半径の1/4の位置における前記凹部の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.64~1.35倍であり、
前記開口面の中心から前記開口面の半径の1/2の位置における前記凹部の深さは、前記開口面の半径の0.58~1.11倍であることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 請求項1ないし4の何れか一項に記載の発光素子用微細構造体であって、
微細構造体表面に占める凸部の底面又は凹部の開口面の充填率が70%以上であることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 請求項1ないし4の何れか一項に記載の発光素子用微細構造体であって、
微細構造体表面に占める凸部の底面又は凹部の開口面の充填率が80%以上であることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 請求項1ないし6の何れか一項に記載の発光素子用微細構造体であって、
前記凸部の底面と前記凸部の母線とが接する位置における、前記凸部の母線の接線と前記凸部の底面のなす角度、又は前記凹部の開口面と前記凹部の母線とが接する位置における、前記凹部の母線の接線と前記凹部の開口面のなす角度が、85°以下であることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 請求項1ないし7の何れか一項に記載の発光素子用微細構造体であって、
前記凸部又は凹部が形成された表面の上に、表面が平坦な部材が配置されてなることを特徴とする発光素子用微細構造体。 - 反射部材と、発光部と、光透過性部材と、光取り出し部材とを順に備えた発光装置であって、
前記光取り出し部材として、請求項1ないし8の何れか一項に記載の発光素子用微細構造体を用いたことを特徴とする発光素子。 - 透明な陽極と、発光部と、陰極とを順に備えてなるEL素子であって、
前記透明な陽極の、発光部が形成された側とは反対側に、請求項1ないし8の何れか一項に記載の発光素子用微細構造体を、前記凸部の頂点または前記凹部の開口面が光出射面側となるように配置してなることを特徴とするEL素子。 - 請求項9記載の発光素子を光源として用いることを特徴とする照明装置。
- 請求項10に記載のEL素子を光源として用いることを特徴とする照明装置。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2658344B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
JPWO2012086651A1 (ja) | 2014-05-22 |
KR101821445B1 (ko) | 2018-01-23 |
CN103270810A (zh) | 2013-08-28 |
EP2658344A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
CN103270810B (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
TWI551183B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
US8866177B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
JP5955777B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
TW201238386A (en) | 2012-09-16 |
KR20130132908A (ko) | 2013-12-05 |
EP2658344A4 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
US20130277664A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
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