WO2012086223A1 - Véhicule électrique - Google Patents

Véhicule électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012086223A1
WO2012086223A1 PCT/JP2011/057840 JP2011057840W WO2012086223A1 WO 2012086223 A1 WO2012086223 A1 WO 2012086223A1 JP 2011057840 W JP2011057840 W JP 2011057840W WO 2012086223 A1 WO2012086223 A1 WO 2012086223A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric
inverter
center
electric motor
vehicle body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/057840
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
信義 武藤
忠彦 加藤
和利 村上
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株式会社ユニバンス
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Publication of WO2012086223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012086223A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/0207—Wire harnesses
    • B60R16/0215—Protecting, fastening and routing means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/429—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/46—Drive Train control parameters related to wheels
    • B60L2240/461—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/46—Drive Train control parameters related to wheels
    • B60L2240/465—Slip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/64—Road conditions
    • B60L2240/647—Surface situation of road, e.g. type of paving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28—Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/142—Emission reduction of noise acoustic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/145—Structure borne vibrations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric vehicle in which front and rear wheels are independently driven by two electric motors.
  • the driver's seat is arranged so as to be shifted from the center line of the vehicle body in order to improve ease of getting on and off, and the center of gravity of the collective battery composed of a plurality of individual batteries is offset from the center line of the vehicle body in the direction opposite to the driver's seat.
  • the electric motor is arranged near the rear of the driver's seat.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle that ensures a comfortable operation performance and is excellent in running stability.
  • a first electric motor that transmits braking / driving force to the left and right wheels on the front wheel side and a second electric motor that transmits braking / driving force to the left and right wheels on the rear wheel side
  • the first and second inverters are arranged in line symmetry when the first and second electric motors are arranged in line symmetry, and the first and second inverters are arranged in line symmetry.
  • an electric vehicle arranged point-symmetrically is provided.
  • the center of gravity of the entire electric vehicle is located substantially at the center of the vehicle body and is stable. Driving is possible.
  • vibrations and motor sounds generated from the first electric motor are hardly transmitted to the driver.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually showing the structure of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the front wiring portion for explaining the structure of the H-shaped wiring portion.
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the rear wiring portion for explaining the structure of the H-shaped wiring portion.
  • FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the central wiring portion for explaining the structure of the H-shaped wiring portion.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram functionally showing the controller.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the driving force and braking force and the slip ratio.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of distributing the braking force to the front wheels and the rear wheels.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram conceptually showing the configuration of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • additional symbols f, r, fr, fl, rr, rl indicating whether the position of the component is the front wheel side or the rear wheel side, the right side or the left side of the front wheel side, the right side or the left side of the rear wheel side. Is attached to the component.
  • the words “for front wheels” and “for rear wheels” indicating the additional symbols and positions may be omitted.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a front wheel motor 3f as a first electric motor that drives front wheels 2fr and 2fl via a front wheel differential 4f and axles 5fr and 5fl as a first differential, and a rear wheel.
  • a low-voltage battery 7 for an electronic device of the electric vehicle 1 As a main power supply unit 6, a low-voltage battery 7 for an electronic device of the electric vehicle 1, a front-wheel inverter 8 f and a rear wheel for converting electric power from the main power supply unit 6 into AC power and supplying the motor 3 f and 3 r If the inverter 8r, the driver's seat 9 arranged on either the left or right side of the center line Lc of the vehicle body 25 (right side in the present embodiment), and a signal corresponding to the target torque are output to the inverters 8f and 8r.
  • a front-rear wheel independent drive type electric vehicle including a mechanical brake 18fr, 18fl, 18rr, 18rl and a pressure adjusting unit 12 that supplies fluid pressure to the mechanical brakes 18fr, 18fl, 18rr, 18rl to generate friction braking. is there.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes the operating means such as an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, and a shift lever for designating forward or reverse, and the rotation speeds of the front wheel motor 3f and the rear wheel motor 3r.
  • Sensors 27f, 27r and wheel speed sensors 28fr, 28fl, 28rr, 28rl for detecting the rotation speed of the wheel 2 are provided.
  • braking / driving force may mean both braking force for decelerating the vehicle and driving force for accelerating the vehicle, or only one of them.
  • the main power supply unit 6 includes a pair of batteries 60r and 60l connected in parallel to each other, and a pair of smoothing capacitors (for example, 6500 ⁇ F) 61r and 61l connected in parallel to the respective output sides of the high voltage batteries 60r and 60l. Prepare.
  • the high voltage batteries 60r and 60l are high voltage batteries that can output electric power for driving the front wheel motor 3f and the rear wheel motor 3r.
  • a primary battery such as a dry battery, a fuel cell, or the like may be used as a drive energy source for the electric vehicle 1.
  • the pair of high-voltage batteries 60r and 60l are configured to be electrically connectable to a terminal portion provided in a central wiring portion 132 of the H-shaped wiring portion 13 described later by a bus bar 62.
  • the terminal portion is connected to the power cable 142.
  • the replacement of the high voltage batteries 60r and 60l can be easily performed by attaching and detaching the bus bar 62 from the side of the vehicle body 25.
  • the front wheel motor 3f and the rear wheel motor 3r various motors such as a synchronous motor and an induction motor can be used.
  • the rotation of the motor 3 is transmitted to the axle 5 via the differential device 4 on each of the front wheel side and the rear wheel side.
  • the axle 5 rotates integrally with the wheel 2. That is, the electric vehicle 1 has two torque generation sources corresponding to the front wheels 2fr and 2fl and the rear wheels 2rr and rl so that the front wheels 2fr and 2fl and the rear wheels 2rr and rl can be controlled independently of each other.
  • the inverter 8 converts the power from the high voltage battery 60 into AC power, and outputs a current corresponding to a signal from the controller 10 to the motor 3 to drive the motor 3. Further, the inverter 8 converts the AC power generated by the motor 3 into DC power and charges the high voltage battery 60 via the capacitor 61.
  • the low voltage battery 7 converts a high DC voltage of the main power supply unit 6 by a DC / DC converter (not shown), converts it to a DC low voltage (for example, 12 V), and outputs it.
  • a DC / DC converter not shown
  • EDLC Electric Double Layer Capacitor
  • the controller 10 detects current sensors 15a to 15c, which will be described later, respectively, which detect the current of the primary winding of the front wheel motor 3f, and current sensors 17a, which will be described later, which detect the current of the primary winding of the rear wheel motor 3r.
  • the current detection signal from 17c is received, and a signal corresponding to the target torque is output to inverters 8f and 8r.
  • the differential devices 4f and 4r are, for example, so-called a pair of side gears connected to the axles 5fr, 5fl, 5rr, and 5rl, a plurality of pinion gears that mesh with the pair of side gears, and a differential case that supports the plurality of pinion gears so as to be able to rotate.
  • Open differential can be used.
  • the braking / driving force of the front wheel motor 3f is distributed to the right front wheel 2fr and the left front wheel 2fl by the front wheel differential 4f.
  • the braking / driving force of the rear wheel motor 3r is distributed to the right rear wheel 2rr and the left rear wheel 2rl by the rear wheel differential 4r.
  • the differential device includes a mechanism capable of controlling the distribution ratio of braking / driving force to the front wheel axles 5fr, 5fl or the distribution ratio of braking / driving force to the rear wheel axles 5rr, 5rl by the controller 10. May be good.
  • an electric brake and a mechanical brake are used in combination. That is, in the electric vehicle 1, a braking force can be generated by the motor 3 as a drive source.
  • the electric brake is, for example, a power generation brake that converts braking energy into heat energy, and a regenerative brake that regenerates electricity generated by braking.
  • a regenerative brake is mainly used, but a power generation brake may be used in a low speed region.
  • the regenerative brake regenerates the electric power generated by the motor 3 to the high voltage batteries 60r and 60l via the capacitors 61r and 61l, thereby generating a braking force.
  • the mechanical brake 18 is, for example, a drum brake or a disk brake, and presses a brake shoe against a member to be braked by a pressurized liquid from the pressure adjustment unit 12 to obtain friction braking by a friction force.
  • the operation of the mechanical brake 18 is controlled independently for each wheel 2 by the controller 10.
  • the brake shoe may be pressed against the member to be braked by an actuator such as a motor.
  • the pressure adjustment unit 12 is configured to be able to apply a different braking force to each mechanical brake 18 by distributing pressurized liquid to the mechanical brake 18 by a signal from the controller 10.
  • the pressure adjusting unit 12 and the mechanical brake 18 constitute a friction brake mechanism.
  • the front cameras 20 fr and 20 fl capture the road surface on the front side of the electric vehicle 1 and output the captured image to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 detects a change in the road surface based on the images acquired from the cameras 20fr and 20fl, and executes processing related to braking / driving.
  • the imaging regions of the front cameras 20fr and 20fl overlap at least partially with each other.
  • the cameras 20fr and 20fl are constituted by, for example, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera.
  • the rear camera 21 captures the road surface behind the electric vehicle 1 and outputs the captured image to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 detects a change in the road surface based on the image acquired from the camera 21 and executes processing related to braking / driving.
  • the camera 21 is constituted by a CCD camera, for example.
  • the entire center of gravity G of the electric vehicle 1 is substantially positioned at the center 25 a of the vehicle body 25 (for example, within 10 cm or 20 cm from the center 25 a).
  • the positions of the parts constituting the electric vehicle 1, for example, the parts constituting the front wheel and rear wheel drive systems are determined. That is, the front wheel motor 3f and the rear wheel motor 3r are arranged line-symmetrically or point-symmetrically with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25, and the front wheel inverter 8f and the rear wheel inverter 8r include the front wheel motor 3f and the rear wheel.
  • the front motor 3r When the front motor 3r is arranged line-symmetrically, it is arranged line-symmetrically, and when the front wheel motor 3f and rear wheel motor 3r are arranged point-symmetrically, they are arranged point-symmetrically.
  • the front wheel motor 3f and the rear wheel motor 3r are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25, and the front wheel inverter 8f and the rear wheel inverter 8r are arranged with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25.
  • the front wheel motor 3f and the rear wheel motor 3r are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25.
  • the front wheel inverter 8f and the rear wheel inverter 8r are arranged with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25.
  • front wheel motor 3f, the rear wheel motor 3r, the front wheel inverter 8f, and the rear wheel inverter 8r pass through the center 25a of the vehicle body 25 when they are arranged in line contrast or point contrast with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25.
  • An electric vehicle including a front wheel and a rear wheel drive system including a radiator 11, a controller 10, and a pair of high-voltage batteries 60r and 60l so as to cancel out moments about the axes (lateral x-axis, vertical y-axis) 1 may be positioned substantially at the center 25a of the vehicle body 25.
  • each component constituting the electric vehicle 1 may be arranged as follows. That is, the front wheel motor 3 f is disposed in front of the center 25 a of the vehicle body 25 and on the side opposite to the driver seat 9. The rear wheel motor 3r is arranged in a point contrast position with respect to the front wheel motor 3f. Further, the front wheel inverter 8f is disposed in front of the center 25a of the vehicle body 25 and on the driver's seat 9 side. The rear wheel inverter 8r is arranged in a point contrast position with respect to the front wheel inverter 8f.
  • the pair of high-voltage batteries 60f and 60r and the pair of smoothing capacitors 61f and 61r constituting the main power supply unit 6 are arranged at positions symmetrical with respect to the center line Lc. Further, the front wheel motor 3f, the front wheel inverter 8f, the radiator 11, the controller 10, the low voltage battery 7 and the pressure adjustment unit 12 are disposed in front of the left and right wheels 2fr and 2fl on the front wheel side.
  • the arrangement of the parts constituting the electric vehicle 1 does not need to consider the weight of the driver, and considers the weight of the driver (for example, 75 kg) and the passenger who rides on the passenger seat (for example, 75 kg). May be. Further, the electric vehicle 1 is configured such that the center of gravity of the entire electric vehicle moves to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25 when a driver having a predetermined weight gets on the driver's seat than when the driver does not get on. Parts may be placed.
  • weights of the front wheel motor 3f, the rear wheel motor 3r, the front wheel inverter 8f, and the rear wheel inverter 8r are W3f, W3r, W8f, and W8r, respectively.
  • the H-shaped wiring portion 13 includes a front wiring portion 130 provided along the front axles 5fr and 5fl, a rear wiring portion 131 provided along the rear axles 5rr and 5rl, and the center of the front wiring portion 130.
  • the central wiring part 132 is connected to the central part of the rear wiring part 131. Details of the H-type wiring portion 13 will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining the structure of the H-shaped wiring portion 13, where FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of the front wiring portion 130, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the rear wiring portion 131, and FIG. FIG.
  • the H-shaped wiring part 13 is covered with an upper wall 13a, a lower wall 13b, side walls 13c and 13d, and the interior is partitioned by a partition wall 13e.
  • the upper part of the partition wall 13e of the front wiring part 130 is a signal cable wiring region 130a in which the signal cable 141 is accommodated, and the lower part of the partition wall 13e is accommodated in the power cable 142.
  • This is a power cable wiring region 130b.
  • the upper part of the partition wall 13e of the rear wiring part 131 is a signal cable wiring region 131a in which the signal cable 141 is accommodated, and the power cable 142 is accommodated in the lower part of the partition wall 13e.
  • This is a power cable wiring region 131b.
  • the upper stage of the partition wall 13e of the central wiring part 132 is a signal cable wiring area 132a in which the signal cable 141 is accommodated, and the lower stage of the partition wall 13e is accommodated in the power cable 142.
  • This is a power cable wiring region 132b.
  • the signal cable wiring region 132a is divided into two signal cable wiring regions 132a 1 and 132a 2 by a partition wall 13f.
  • the upper wall 13a, the lower wall 13b, the side walls 13c and 13d, and the partition walls 13e and 13f are made of a metal such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel.
  • a signal cable 141 and a power cable 142 from components such as a front wheel inverter 8f, a mechanical brake 18fr, and a wheel speed sensor 28fr located on the right front side with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25 are a front wiring portion 130, a central wiring portion 132, and the like. It is connected to other parts via.
  • 142 is connected to other components via the front wiring portion 130, the central wiring portion 132, and the like.
  • a signal cable 141 and a power cable 142 from components such as a rear wheel inverter 8r, a mechanical brake 18rl, and a wheel speed sensor 28rl located on the left rear side with respect to the center 25a of the vehicle body 25 are a rear wiring portion 131 and a central wiring portion 132. Etc. to be connected to other parts.
  • the cable 142 is connected to other components via the rear wiring part 131, the central wiring part 132, and the like.
  • the water cooling pipe from the radiator 11 is guided to the rear wheel motor 3r through the central wiring portion 132 to cool the rear wheel motor 3r.
  • the front wheel motor 3f is cooled by being guided directly to the front wheel motor 3f.
  • the electric system such as the inverters 8f and 8r may be cooled independently by the cooling water from the radiator 11.
  • the H-shaped wiring portion 13 may be attached to the vehicle body base so as to function as a part of the vehicle body structure. As a result, the rigidity of the vehicle can be increased.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram functionally showing the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 is configured by a computer, for example, and includes a CPU 100, a storage unit 110 such as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk, a front wheel drive circuit 9f for driving the front wheel inverter 8f, and a rear wheel drive for driving the rear wheel inverter 8r. Circuit 9r.
  • the controller 10 includes the cameras 20fr and 20fl, the encoders 16f and 16r, an accelerator sensor 22 that detects the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal, a brake sensor 23 that detects the amount of depression of the brake pedal, a shift sensor 24, An acceleration sensor (acceleration detection unit) 26, the wheel speed sensors 28fr, 28fl, 28rr, 28rl, and a steering angle sensor 29 are connected.
  • Encoders 16f and 16r detect the rotational speeds of the motors 3f and 3r on the front wheel side and the rear wheel side, respectively, and output signals corresponding to the detected rotational speeds to the controller 10.
  • the accelerator sensor 22 detects the depression amount of the accelerator pedal and outputs a signal corresponding to the detected depression amount to the controller 10.
  • the brake sensor 23 detects the amount of depression of the brake pedal, and outputs a signal corresponding to the detected amount of depression to the controller 10.
  • the shift sensor 24 detects the position of the shift lever and outputs a signal corresponding to the detected position to the controller 10.
  • the acceleration sensor 26 is provided at the center of the vehicle body 25 (which is also the center of gravity G of the electric vehicle 1) 25a, and the acceleration a in the three directions of the vehicle body 25 in the forward / backward direction, the lateral direction, and the rotational direction (turning direction) around the center of gravity axis.
  • Wheel speed sensors 28fr, 28fl, 28rr, and 28rl detect the rotational speed ⁇ of the wheel and output a signal corresponding to the detected rotational speed ⁇ to the controller 10.
  • the steering angle sensor 29 detects an operation angle ⁇ of the steering wheel and outputs a signal corresponding to the detected steering angle ⁇ to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 issues an operation command for performing operations such as acceleration and deceleration in accordance with operation input information generated by a driver operating an operation means such as an accelerator pedal and a brake pedal.
  • the electric vehicle 1 can drive
  • the controller 10 calculates the target torque of the front wheel motor 3f and the target torque of the rear wheel motor 3Rr according to the signals from the sensors 22, 23, 24, etc., respectively, and the front wheel drive circuit 9f and the rear wheel drive circuit are calculated. Output to 9r.
  • the drive circuit 9 outputs a signal corresponding to the target torque commanded from the controller 10 to the inverter 8.
  • various data such as a road surface pattern 111, a ⁇ -SrLimit table 112, relational information on braking / driving force and slip ratio as shown in FIG. 4 described later, and various programs such as a braking / driving program 113 are stored. Stored.
  • the CPU 100 operates in accordance with the braking / driving program 113, so that the road surface friction coefficient ⁇ estimating means (estimating part) 101, slip ratio upper limit setting means (setting part) 102, slip ratio calculating means (calculating part) 103, braking force control. It functions as the means (control unit) 104 and the like.
  • the road surface friction coefficient ⁇ estimation means 101 is based on an image captured by the front cameras 20fr and fl (the rear camera 21 when the vehicle is reverse), and the road surface on which the automobile 1 travels is a dry road surface, a wet road surface, a frozen / snow surface. It is determined whether the road surface or the like, and the friction coefficient ⁇ of the road surface is estimated. These road surfaces are typical road surfaces with greatly different friction coefficients ⁇ . The determination is performed by pattern matching between the captured image and the road surface pattern 111 captured in advance in each road surface condition. The road surface pattern 111 is stored in the storage unit 110 in association with the friction coefficient ⁇ of the road surface. In addition, you may perform using the well-known technique suitably, such as performing the said determination by determination whether the brightness
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the driving force and braking force and the slip ratio.
  • a solid line L1 indicates a dry road surface
  • a solid line L2 indicates a wet road surface
  • a solid line L3 indicates a frozen / snow road surface.
  • Each of these road surfaces is a typical road surface having a significantly different friction coefficient.
  • the coefficient of friction is, for example, 0.75 on a dry road surface, 0.4 on a wet road surface, and 0.2 on a frozen / snow road surface.
  • the storage unit 110 stores a ⁇ -SrLimit table 112 indicating the relationship between the road friction coefficient ⁇ and the slip ratio upper limit value SrLimit.
  • the slip ratio upper limit value SrLimit1 (
  • SrLimit2 (
  • 0.14)
  • SrLimit3 (
  • the slip ratio upper limit setting means 102 refers to the ⁇ -SrLimit table 112 in the storage unit 110 based on the road surface friction coefficient ⁇ estimated by the road surface friction coefficient ⁇ estimation means 101, and determines the slip ratio upper limit as a predetermined value.
  • Set the value SrLimit For example, the slip ratio upper limit value SrLimit is set to a value near the maximum value of the braking / driving force that can be exhibited according to each road surface condition in FIG. 4, but is not limited to a value near the maximum value.
  • the slip ratio upper limit value SrLimit can be set to a slip ratio at which a braking / driving force higher than 70 to 90% of the maximum braking force that can be exhibited according to the friction coefficient of the road surface, for example.
  • the state where the absolute value of the slip ratio Sr is 1 is a state where any braking / driving force (driving force or braking force) cannot be transmitted to the road surface.
  • the state where the slip ratio Sr is 0 is a state where there is no slip between the wheel 2 and the road surface.
  • the braking / driving force control means 104 uses the ⁇ -SrLimit table 112, the slip ratio control for controlling the slip ratio to a certain target value based on the relation information between the braking / driving force and the slip ratio as shown in FIG. Carry out wheel lock and wheel spin suppression control. Hereinafter, those controls will be described.
  • the braking / driving force control means 104 compares the slip ratio
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of distributing the braking force to the front wheels 2fr, 2fl and the rear wheels 2rr, 2rl in the electric vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of distributing the braking force to the front wheels 2fr, 2fl and the rear wheels 2rr, 2rl in the electric vehicle 1.
  • M is the mass (body mass) of the entire electric vehicle 1.
  • the load movement amount Z at that time is obtained by the following equation (4) in which the moment around the center of gravity G of the electric vehicle 1 generated by the braking force Fcar is converted to the vertical load at the contact point of the front wheels 2fr and 2fl and the rear wheels 2rr and 2rl. It is done.
  • Z Fcar ⁇ Hcar / Lcar (4)
  • Hcar is the height of the center of gravity G of the electric vehicle 1 from the ground contact surface
  • Lcar is the wheel base of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the braking force control means 104 sets the front wheel slip ratio upper limit value SrLimit to a slip ratio at which a braking force higher than 70 to 90% of the maximum braking force that can be exhibited in response to an increase in wheel load, for example, is exhibited. Can do. Further, by correcting the rear wheel side slip ratio upper limit value SrLimit so as to limit the braking force according to the decrease in the load on the rear wheel side, a braking force larger than that on the rear wheel side is generated on the front wheel side, A more appropriate braking force can be applied to each wheel 2.
  • the braking force control means 104 sets the rear wheel slip ratio upper limit value SrLimit to a slip ratio at which a driving force higher than 70 to 90% of the maximum braking force that can be exhibited in response to an increase in wheel load, for example. be able to.
  • SrLimit so as to limit the driving force according to the decrease in the load on the front wheel side, a larger driving force is generated on the rear wheel side than on the front wheel side, and more appropriately Drive force can be applied to each wheel 2.
  • the center of gravity G is located substantially at the center 25a of the vehicle body 25 and travels. It is excellent in stability.
  • (2) By disposing the front wheel motor 3f on the side opposite to the driver's seat 9 with respect to the center line Lc, and separating the front wheel motor 3f from the driver's seat, the driver's safety when the front wheel motor 3f is damaged is improved. Therefore, vibrations and motor sounds generated from the front wheel motor 3f are hardly transmitted to the driver.
  • each of the units 101 to 104 is realized by the CPU 100 and the braking / driving program 113, but may be realized by hardware such as ASIC (Application Specific IC).
  • ASIC Application Specific IC
  • the braking / driving program 113 may be taken into the controller 10 from a recording medium such as a CD-ROM, or may be taken into the controller 10 from a server device or the like via a network.
  • the radiator is disposed in front of the vehicle body, but may be disposed in front of and behind the vehicle body.
  • the present invention can be applied to vehicles such as passenger cars, buses and trucks.
  • SYMBOLS 1 Electric vehicle, 2 ... Wheel, 2fr, 2fl ... Front wheel, 2rr, rl ... Rear wheel, 3f ... Front wheel motor, 3r ... Rear wheel motor, 4f, 4r ... Differential device, 5fr, 5fl, 5rr, 5rl Axle, 6 ... main power supply, 7 ... low voltage battery, 8f ... front wheel inverter, 8r ... rear wheel inverter, 9f ... front wheel drive circuit, 9r ... rear wheel drive circuit, 10 ... controller, 11 ... radiator , 12 ... Pressure adjustment unit, 13 ... H-shaped wiring part, 13a ... Upper wall, 13b ...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un véhicule électrique (1) équipé de : un moteur (3f) pour les roues avant, qui transmet des forces de freinage et d'entraînement aux roues avant gauche et droite ; un moteur (3r) pour les roues arrière, qui transmet des forces de freinage et d'entraînement aux roues arrière gauche et droite ; un onduleur (8f) pour les roues avant, qui alimente le moteur (3f) pour les roues avant ; et un onduleur (8r) pour les roues arrière, qui alimente le moteur (3r) pour les roues arrière. Le moteur (3f) pour les roues avant et le moteur (3r) pour les roues arrière sont disposés selon une symétrie axiale ou une symétrie centrale par rapport au centre (25a) du corps du véhicule. L'onduleur (8f) pour les roues avant et l'onduleur (8r) pour les roues arrière sont disposés de manière à être symétriques en symétrie axiale lorsque le moteur (3f) pour les roues avant et le moteur (3r) pour les roues arrière sont disposés selon une symétrie axiale et de manière à être symétriques en symétrie centrale lorsque les moteurs (3f) pour les roues avant et les moteurs (3r) pour les roues arrière sont disposés selon une symétrie centrale.
PCT/JP2011/057840 2010-12-24 2011-03-29 Véhicule électrique WO2012086223A1 (fr)

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JP2010-287392 2010-12-24
JP2010287392A JP2012135172A (ja) 2010-12-24 2010-12-24 電気自動車

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JP2015077959A (ja) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-23 サーチウェア株式会社 車両
EP3037312A4 (fr) * 2013-08-23 2016-08-03 Advics Co Ltd Dispositif de frein électrique pour véhicule
EP3323652A1 (fr) * 2016-11-16 2018-05-23 Nextev Limited Véhicule électrique
CN108136919A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2018-06-08 开利公司 包括为电池充电的车轮驱动的发电机的车辆
EP3517345B1 (fr) * 2016-09-23 2020-11-11 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. Dispositif de commande de véhicule électrique, procédé de commande et système de commande
EP3744546A3 (fr) * 2019-05-07 2021-03-10 Yazaki Corporation Système de refroidissement de véhicule et structure de refroidissement de faisceau de câbles

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JP2015188490A (ja) * 2014-03-27 2015-11-02 三菱電機株式会社 自走式掃除機
KR102618652B1 (ko) * 2016-12-15 2023-12-27 주식회사 대동 동력인출 기능을 갖는 전기자동차
JP6752258B2 (ja) 2018-09-12 2020-09-09 本田技研工業株式会社 車両

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EP3037312A4 (fr) * 2013-08-23 2016-08-03 Advics Co Ltd Dispositif de frein électrique pour véhicule
US10023167B2 (en) 2013-08-23 2018-07-17 Advics Co., Ltd. Electric braking device for vehicle
JP2015077959A (ja) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-23 サーチウェア株式会社 車両
CN108136919A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2018-06-08 开利公司 包括为电池充电的车轮驱动的发电机的车辆
US11021066B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2021-06-01 Carrier Corporation Vehicle comprising a wheel driven generator for charging a battery
EP3517345B1 (fr) * 2016-09-23 2020-11-11 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. Dispositif de commande de véhicule électrique, procédé de commande et système de commande
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EP3323652A1 (fr) * 2016-11-16 2018-05-23 Nextev Limited Véhicule électrique
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CN109996694B (zh) * 2016-11-16 2023-09-05 蔚来(安徽)控股有限公司 电动车辆
EP3744546A3 (fr) * 2019-05-07 2021-03-10 Yazaki Corporation Système de refroidissement de véhicule et structure de refroidissement de faisceau de câbles

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