WO2012075919A1 - Lining board for large-scale ball mill and method for heat treatment thereof - Google Patents

Lining board for large-scale ball mill and method for heat treatment thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012075919A1
WO2012075919A1 PCT/CN2011/083494 CN2011083494W WO2012075919A1 WO 2012075919 A1 WO2012075919 A1 WO 2012075919A1 CN 2011083494 W CN2011083494 W CN 2011083494W WO 2012075919 A1 WO2012075919 A1 WO 2012075919A1
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Prior art keywords
liner
steel
alloy
ball mill
heat treatment
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PCT/CN2011/083494
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
田玉铁
尹恩生
符寒光
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宝钢集团新疆八一钢铁有限公司
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Publication of WO2012075919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012075919A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/22—Lining for containers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to various ball mill liners and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of material grinding.
  • Ball mill is a widely used crushing machine. It is one of the main equipments for material crushing in metallurgical mines, cement building materials, electric power, fertilizer, coal, chemical industry, etc.
  • the liner is a ball mill and a protective plate for the inlet and outlet end caps.
  • the abrasive body is also enhanced.
  • the ball mill tends to be large-sized, the working conditions of the lining plate are increasingly harsh, and the performance of the lining material is put forward higher. Improving the wear resistance is a key research topic at home and abroad. .
  • lining materials mainly have three categories: 1 high manganese steel; 2 alloy wear-resistant steel; 3 high chromium cast iron.
  • High manganese steel is a material that was invented by the British Hadfield in 1882 and has excellent toughness and good wear resistance. It belongs to Fe - C - Mn ternary alloy.
  • the as-cast microstructure of this steel is austenite plus carbide. After water tough treatment, a single-phase austenite structure can be obtained, which has high impact resistance and work hardening ability.
  • ZGMnl3 It is a famous international austenitic high-manganese steel. When the liner made of steel is used under strong pressure, the surface layer will quickly produce work hardening, and its work hardening ability is 5 ⁇ 6 higher than other steel grades.
  • high manganese steel has good toughness and plasticity, as the material of the mill liner, there are the following disadvantages: (1) In the working process, the mill can not fully exert the work hardening ability of the high manganese steel liner, which is not wear resistant; (2) The yield strength is low, and plastic deformation is easy to occur during use, resulting in the mill liner Falling off due to bolt breakage; (3) Can not be matched with high-chromium cast iron grinding balls with high hardness and good wear resistance. In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of the performance of low-alloy steel and white cast iron, great progress has been made in its research and practice. Therefore, when making parts such as ball mill liners, foreign materials have gradually adopted other materials instead of high-manganese steel.
  • Alloy steel means that in addition to silicon and manganese as alloying elements or deoxidizing elements, steel also contains other alloying elements (such as chromium, nickel, aluminum, vanadium, titanium, copper, tungsten, aluminum, cobalt, antimony and other elements, and some also contain some non-metallic elements (such as boron, nitrogen, etc.) Steel. According to the content of alloying elements in steel, it can be divided into low alloy steel, medium alloy steel and high alloy steel. Anti-wear low alloy steel can be divided into low carbon (0.18 - 0.30%) and medium carbon (0.3 - according to carbon content). 0.50%) and high carbon (0.50 - 1.0%).
  • the total alloy of low alloy wear-resistant steel is below 5%, and the alloy content of medium alloy steel is 5% - 10%. Between the other wear-resistant cast steel, it has better comprehensive performance of wear resistance and toughness. Since the 1970s, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries will be used to deal with various quenching of low and medium alloy steels (+ tempering) The process is extended to all kinds of breaking and crushing equipment including lining. Some of China's wear-resistant steels also contain elements such as rare earth and boron, which improve the hardenability of steel, improve the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of steel. It is applied to ball mill liners and its service life is higher than that of high manganese steel. The lining is slightly higher. Low-alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel also has weaknesses of insufficient toughness, so it is often used in applications with less impact force, and it also has insufficient hardenability and hardenability, and wear resistance is poor.
  • High-chromium cast iron is the anti-wear material with the best anti-wear performance in chrome-based cast iron. It is mainly because of its high hardness, good toughness, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Grinding material. High chromium cast iron has a chromium content between 12 and 28% and a carbon content between 2.4 and 3.6%. Its wear resistance depends on the content of carbon and alloying elements, the type of matrix and carbide, and the morphology distribution. . The microstructure of high chromium cast iron consists of primary austenite or its transformation products and eutectic structure.
  • the eutectic carbides are hexagonal rod-shaped and lath-shaped M 7 C 3 type carbides, which are distributed in a network, with microhardness up to Hv1300 - 1800, and high toughness and wear resistance.
  • high-chromium white cast iron containing 12% to 20% of chromium has a high hardness and a certain toughness of martensite as the main matrix.
  • high chromium white cast iron has high alloying element content, high production cost and high temperature heat treatment, which is easy to deform and crack.
  • Normal white cast iron and low alloy white cast iron have low hardness, carbide is continuous and brittle. It is easy to peel off or even crack during use. Therefore, the development of a large-scale ball mill lining material with simple production process, low cost, high toughness, hardenability and hardenability and no pollution, is undoubtedly of great significance to replace the commonly used ordinary steel wear-resistant materials.
  • Cisokakis patent CN101690906A A combination self-solidening boltless medium chromium alloy liner is disclosed, which is made of the following components in mass percentage: C0.4-0.6%, Si0.5-0.8%, Mn0.8-1.4%, Cr3.0-5.5%, Mo0.30-0.5%, Ni0.1-0.2%, Al0.2-0.4%, Nb0.05-0.08%, Ti0.05-0.08 %, 0.008-0.015 %, P ⁇ 0.05 %, S ⁇ 0.05 %, the balance is iron and inevitable impurities.
  • the invention has reasonable design of chemical components, so that the invention has the characteristics of high strength, good toughness and strong wear resistance, so that the hardness and toughness of the product are unified.
  • the lining plate contains expensive alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum, has high cost, high carbon content and high brittleness, and produces a large ball mill lining, which has poor safety.
  • a novel ball mill magnetic lining plate which comprises a base body, a wear-resistant lining plate, a composite magnetic pole group and an adhesive.
  • a wear-resistant lining plate is arranged on the inner wall of the base body, a cavity is arranged in the wear-resistant lining plate, and the composite magnetic pole group is adhered.
  • the bonding agent is bonded in the cavity of the wear-resistant lining plate, and the composite magnetic pole group is arranged in the same polarity along the axial direction of the ball mill cylinder body, and is along the circumferential direction of the ball mill cylinder body.
  • the wear-resistant lining plate adopts special ZG80Mn15Cr4 Casting, composite magnetic pole group consists of high-performance ferrite material and high-performance alloy magnetic steel.
  • the adhesive is made of new materials from American Fu Shilan.
  • the liner of the invention has high cost and the adhesive is imported, which is not conducive to popularization on a large ball mill.
  • Chinese invention patent CN101623746 Also disclosed is a method for preventing breakage of a ball mill liner, which is suitable for retrofitting a liner of an existing ball mill, with the aim of improving the yield limit of the ball mill liner; the invention uses a high manganese steel material containing a metal element such as Cr or Mo, such as ZGMn13Cr2Mo, ZG32Mn9SiCr2MoRe or ZGMn9Cr2ReSi
  • the ball mill end liner, the cylinder liner and the lattice liner are made by the lost foam casting method, and the cast liner needs to be heat treated before installation and use: firstly, the liner is heated to 200 ° C ⁇ 300 °C, insulation 1 to 2 hours, then increase the temperature from 40 °C to 50 °C / hour to 650 °C to 680 °C; keep warm for 4.5 to 5 hours; then press 60 °C to 70 °C / Continue to heat up to 1060 °C
  • Chinese invention patent CN101054652 also discloses a chemical composition (weight percentage) of a ball mill liner: C 0.6-0.8%, Si 0.3-0.8%, Mn 0.3-0.8%, Cr 2.0-4.5%, Ni 0.2-2.0%, Mo 0.1-0.8 %, S ⁇ 0.04 %, P ⁇ 0.04 %, and the balance is Fe.
  • the manufacturing process is: heating the ball mill liner to 860-960 °C, keeping warm 2-3 After an hour, it is then quenched in water to cool it, and its temperature drops rapidly. When the surface temperature of the workpiece drops to 580-680 °C, it is taken out from the water, and then the forced convection air is cooled to room temperature, then 480-520. °C tempering, natural cooling to get the finished product.
  • the ball mill liner of the invention has a high carbon content and is highly susceptible to cracking during water quenching.
  • Chinese invention patent CN1932066 Also disclosed is a low carbon high alloy ball mill liner steel and a method of manufacturing the same, characterized in that the alloy composition of the backing steel by weight percentage is: C: 0.15 to 0.30%, Cr: 5.0 to 10.0 %, Ni: 0 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.7 %, Mo: 0 to 1.5%, RE: 0 to 0.8%, Ti: 0 to 1.0 %, Si: 0 to 1.6 %, P: 0.01 to 0.045 %, S: 0.01 to 0.045 %; the total amount of other metals and non-metal elements does not exceed 3 %; the balance is Fe.
  • the invention has good wear resistance in the working environment of the wet mill liner, but contains expensive alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum, and has high cost.
  • Chinese invention patent CN1923372 Also disclosed is a manufacturing process of a composite wear-resistant lining for a ball mill, the specific steps are as follows: drawing a nano-structured wire, processing a wire, determining a tight outer tube size, fixing a wire, cutting a composite pipe, processing a lining
  • the plate frame, the welding bolt sleeve, the placing composite pipe, and the tile welding, that is, the composite wear-resistant lining plate which is processed into a lining frame and the composite pipe and the separator are tightly combined.
  • the invention has the advantages that the invention fully utilizes various advantages such as high toughness, high strength, high wear resistance and low price of the nanostructured metal material, and solves the problem that the common alloy liner consumes a large amount of non-ferrous metals and has a service life. An order of magnitude better than a normal material liner. The process of the invention is complicated and the safety of use on a large ball mill is poor.
  • Chinese invention patent CN101173343 also discloses a high-strength wear-resistant cast steel liner and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the chemical composition of the liner is ( % by weight : 0.25-0.45 C , 1.0-1.8 Si , 1.0-2.0 Mn , 0.8-1.5 Cr , 0.003-0.008 B , 0.02-0.08 Al , 0.04-0.15 Ti , 0.02-0.10 La , 0.02-0.10 Ce , 0.02-0.08 Ba , 0.02-0.10 Ca , the rest are Fe and inevitable trace impurities, of which 3.5 ⁇ Si+Mn+Cr ⁇ 4.5 , 0.05 ⁇ La+Ce ⁇ 0.18 .
  • the lining plate of the invention can be produced by using an electric furnace, and adopts sand casting, and the lining plate has high tensile strength, reaches 1450-1600 MPa, hardness reaches 50-55HRC, has good wear resistance, and impact toughness is achieved. 65-80J/cm2, no break during use, no peeling, and the performance is obviously better than Mn13
  • the high manganese steel liner has a simple production process and uses steel scrap as the main raw material, so the production cost is low.
  • the liner of the invention has low hardenability and is not suitable for the manufacture of large ball mill liners.
  • Chinese invention patent 1109106 also discloses a bainite ductile iron ball mill liner, the composition of the invention liner is: 3.4 ⁇ 3.8% C, 2.5 to 3.5% Si, 1.5 to 2.5% Mn, P ⁇ 0.1%, S ⁇ 0.03%, 0.03 to 0.08% Mg, 0.02 ⁇ 0.07%Re, the remainder is Fe.
  • the inventive liner was subjected to the following heat treatment process to obtain a bainite-based structure. 820 ⁇ 920 °C for 2 ⁇ 8 hours, then at PH value 9 ⁇ 14, quenched in a sodium or potassium salt aqueous solution with a specific gravity in the range of 1.0 to 1.8.
  • the liner of the invention has a large brittleness, and the safety of manufacturing a large ball mill liner is poor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, which are simple in production process, low in cost and reliable in performance, and the liner produced by the same is safe to use and has a long service life.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by: a large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, the chemical composition of the liner is of mass percentage: 0.26 ⁇ 0.35C, 3.5 ⁇ 4.2Cr, 2.8 ⁇ 3.2Mn, 1.2 ⁇ 1.5Si, 0.002 ⁇ 0.005B, 0.05 ⁇ 0.10Ti, 0.04 ⁇ 0.08Zr, 0.15 ⁇ 0.25V, 0.30 ⁇ 0.40Nb, 0.05 ⁇ 0.10Ba, 0.02 ⁇ 0.06Ca, 0.08 ⁇ 0.12RE, 0 ⁇ 0.03S, 0 ⁇ 0.04P, the balance is Fe.
  • the lining plate of the invention is smelted in an electric furnace, and the manufacturing process steps are as follows:
  • the rare earth ferrosilicon alloy is broken into small pieces with a particle size of 8 ⁇ 12mm, 160 ⁇ 200 After drying at °C, it is placed at the bottom of the ladle, and the molten steel is subjected to rare earth modification treatment by the in-package punching method;
  • the molten steel pouring temperature is 1520 ⁇ 1560 °C;
  • the lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-machining state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 880 ⁇ 950 °C for 3 ⁇ 5 h. After cooling for 1 ⁇ 2 h in quenching oil with temperature below 80 °C, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ⁇ 10:1, and finally the liner is heated to 200 ⁇ 230 °C, and the temperature is kept for 6 ⁇ 10h. After that, the air is cooled to room temperature and the liner can be directly installed.
  • the invention is to add manganese element in the medium carbon medium chromium alloy cast steel to improve the hardenability of the liner.
  • adding a trace amount of boron element is beneficial to improving the hardenability of the cast steel liner and also obtaining partial bainite.
  • a small amount of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, calcium and rare earth elements are added to further refine the solidified structure and improve the toughness and wear resistance of the liner.
  • martensite can be obtained - Bainite-austenite composite structure, and uniform distribution of fine NbC particles in the matrix structure ensures excellent performance of the liner.
  • the properties of the alloy material are determined by the metallographic structure, and the certain structure depends on the chemical composition and the heat treatment process.
  • the chemical composition of the present invention is determined as follows:
  • Carbon The carbon content of the steel increases, the yield point and tensile strength increase, but the plasticity and impact toughness decrease. When the carbon content is too low, the castability of the cast steel is poor, the carbon content is too high, and the casting is easy to crack during the heat treatment. Therefore, the appropriate amount of carbon added to the ball mill wear liner is 0.26 ⁇ 0.35%.
  • Chromium can significantly increase the strength, hardness, hardenability and wear resistance of steel, but at the same time reduce plasticity and toughness.
  • most of the chromium is added into the matrix to improve the hardenability of the matrix.
  • a small amount of chromium can form fine Cr 23 C 6 type carbide, which is evenly distributed on the matrix, which is beneficial to the improvement of the wear resistance of the lining.
  • the amount of chromium added is 3.5 ⁇ 4.2%.
  • Manganese In the process of steel making, manganese is a good deoxidizer and desulfurizer. Generally, manganese contains 0.30 ⁇ 0.50%. . Manganese is an element that enlarges the austenite region and can significantly improve the hardenability of steel. The addition of more manganese in the present invention is to obtain a part of high toughness austenite and bainite structure in the quenched structure, and the manganese content is excessive. High, excessive austenite in the quenched structure, is not conducive to improving the wear resistance of the liner, the appropriate amount of manganese added is 2.8 ⁇ 3.2%.
  • Silicon In the process of steelmaking, silicon is added as a reducing agent and deoxidizer.
  • the killed steel generally contains 0.15 - 0.30%. Silicon. Silicon forms a solid solution in steel, which can play a role of solid solution strengthening, which is beneficial to increase the strength of steel. However, after solid solution of silicon in the matrix, the plasticity of the matrix is lowered, and silicon reduces the hardenability, which easily promotes the formation of pearlite and affects the material. Wear resistance, the appropriate amount of silicon added is 1.2 ⁇ 1.5%.
  • Titanium can make the internal structure of steel dense, refine the grain, improve the toughness and wear resistance of the cast steel liner. Titanium is added too much, and it is easy to appear coarse TiC. The particles, on the other hand, reduce the strength and toughness of the steel, and the suitable titanium content is 0.05 ⁇ 0.10%.
  • Zirconium is a strong carbide forming element. It is added to cast steel and easily forms high-melting-distributed ZrC particles. ZrC It can be used as the crystal core of the primary ⁇ phase to promote the obvious refinement of crystal grains. The suitable addition amount is 0.04 ⁇ 0.08%.
  • Vanadium Adding an appropriate amount of vanadium to the steel can refine the grains, improve the strength and toughness, and dissolve the vanadium in the matrix, which can significantly improve the strength of the matrix and improve the wear resistance of the cast steel.
  • the price of vanadium is relatively high, and the appropriate amount of addition should be controlled at 0.15 ⁇ 0.25%. .
  • ⁇ can refine grains and reduce the superheat sensitivity and temper brittleness of steel, improve strength, but decrease plasticity and toughness. Adding a proper amount of niobium to the wear-resistant cast steel liner can also form a large amount of fine NbC. The uniform distribution of the particles on the substrate is beneficial to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the cast steel liner.
  • the suitable amount of niobium added is 0.30 ⁇ 0.40%.
  • Calcium has a great affinity with oxygen. Calcium has a strong deoxidizing ability. Calcium has a good degassing effect on molten steel. Calcium also has a significant effect on the deterioration of inclusions in cast steel.
  • the addition of an appropriate amount of calcium can transform the long strip of sulfide inclusions in the alloy cast steel liner into a spherical shape. CaS or (Ca, Mn ) S Inclusion, proper amount of calcium also significantly reduces the segregation of sulfur at the grain boundary. Calcium is very beneficial for reducing the brittleness of the alloy cast steel liner and improving the thermal crack resistance of the cast steel liner. However, adding too much calcium will increase the inclusions in the alloy cast steel liner, which is unfavorable to the toughness of the alloy cast steel liner.
  • the suitable calcium content is 0.02 ⁇ 0.06%.
  • ⁇ is a good deoxidizer. It can be added into wear-resistant cast steel to purify molten steel, improve the strength and toughness of wear-resistant cast steel lining, and ensure the safe use of lining.
  • the suitable addition amount is 0.05 ⁇ 0.10%.
  • the rare earth has the effect of desulfurization and degassing on the wear-resistant cast steel liner, which reduces the sulfide inclusions in the steel and improves the impact toughness of the steel.
  • the fine particles formed by the reaction of the rare earth with the liquid metal have the nucleation effect of accelerated solidification.
  • the surface active rare earth element forms an adsorption atomic film on the surface of the flowing crystal, reducing the velocity of the flowing ions.
  • the rare earth has a low melting point and a large atomic radius. It is a strong component supercooled element in the solidification process of the wear-resistant cast steel liner.
  • Sulfur and phosphorus Inevitable trace impurities are brought into the raw materials, among which sulfur and phosphorus are harmful elements.
  • the phosphorus content In order to ensure the strength, toughness and wear resistance of the liner, the phosphorus content is controlled below 0.04%, sulfur Content control Below 0.03%.
  • the invention has the following advantages:
  • the wear-resistant cast steel liner of the invention has good hardenability, and the depth of the hardened layer is greater than 120 mm;
  • the matrix structure of the wear-resistant cast steel liner of the present invention is a martensite-bainite-austenite composite structure, wherein the bainite volume fraction is reached. 28 ⁇ 35%, the austenite volume fraction reaches 12 ⁇ 15%, and the rest is lath martensite, which has good toughness and excellent wear resistance;
  • the wear-resistant cast steel lining plate of the invention does not contain expensive alloying elements such as molybdenum and nickel, and the production cost is low;
  • the wear-resistant cast steel lining plate of the invention has high strength and hardness, wherein the hardness is greater than 52 HRC, the tensile strength is greater than 1500 Mpa, and the toughness and wear resistance are good, wherein ⁇ kU is greater than 30 J/cm 2 .
  • the liner of the invention can improve the operation rate of the ball mill, reduce the labor intensity of the workers, reduce the material grinding cost, and have significant economic and social benefits.
  • the chemical composition percentage of the liner is: 0.27% C, 4.18% Cr , 2.97% Mn , 1.23% Si , 0.004% B , 0.09% Ti , 0.05% Zr , 0.24% V , 0.3% Nb , 0.07% Ba , 0.03% Ca, 0.11% RE, 0.021% S, 0.037% P, balance Fe.
  • the wear-resistant cast steel lining material is smelted with a 1000 kg medium frequency induction furnace.
  • the smelting, casting and heat treatment processes are as follows:
  • the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1558 ° C;
  • the lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-machining state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 950 ° C, and after being kept for 3 h, the temperature is lower than After quenching at 80 °C for 2 h, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ⁇ 10:1. Finally, it is heated to 200 °C, and after 10 hours of heat preservation, the air is cooled to room temperature, and the liner can be directly installed.
  • the mechanical properties of the liner produced by Example 1 of the present invention were as follows: hardness/HRC was 52.4, tensile strength/Mpa was 1530, and impact toughness ⁇ kU (J/cm 2 ) was 35.7.
  • the wear-resistant cast steel liner material is smelted with a 1500 kg medium frequency induction furnace.
  • the smelting, casting and heat treatment processes are as follows:
  • the rare earth ferrosilicon alloy is broken into small pieces with a particle size of 9 mm, passing through 200 After drying at °C, it is placed at the bottom of the ladle, and the molten steel is subjected to rare earth modification treatment by the in-package punching method;
  • the pouring temperature of molten steel is 1548 °C;
  • the lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-processed state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 880 ° C, and after being kept for 5 h, the temperature is lower than After quenching at 80 °C for 1 h, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ⁇ 10:1. Finally, it is heated to 230 °C, and after 6 hours of heat preservation, the air is cooled to room temperature, and the liner can be directly installed.
  • the mechanical properties of the liner produced by Example 2 of the present invention were as follows: hardness/HRC was 53.1, tensile strength/Mpa was 1545, and impact toughness ⁇ kU (J/cm 2 ) was 34.9.
  • a large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof wherein the chemical composition of the liner is of mass percentage: 0.35% C, 3.51% Cr , 2.84% Mn , 1.36% Si , 0.005% B , 0.08% Ti , 0.08% Zr , 0.21% V , 0.36% Nb , 0.09% Ba , 0.05% Ca, 0.08% RE, 0.025% S, 0.038% P, the balance is Fe.
  • the wear-resistant cast steel liner material is smelted with a 1500 kg medium frequency induction furnace.
  • the smelting, casting and heat treatment processes are as follows:
  • the lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-machining state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 920 ° C, and after being kept for 4 h, the temperature is lower than After quenching at 80 °C for 1.5 h, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ⁇ 10:1. Finally heated to 220 ° C, kept for 8 h After that, the air is cooled to room temperature and the liner can be directly installed.
  • the mechanical properties of the liner produced by Example 3 of the present invention were as follows: hardness/HRC was 53.6, tensile strength/Mpa was 1580, and impact toughness ⁇ kU (J/cm 2 ) was 32.6.
  • the wear-resistant cast steel lining plate of the invention has the characteristics of high strength and hardness, good hardenability, deep hardened layer and good toughness, and the Cr 13 C 6 with fine particle size uniformly distributed on the base structure of the wear-resistant cast steel lining plate. And NbC particles can significantly improve the wear resistance of the liner.
  • the lining plate of the invention has been successfully applied to ⁇ 2.8m, ⁇ 3.2m and ⁇ 3.6m large ball mills for grinding iron ore.
  • the lining plate is safe and reliable to use, and there is no peeling and fracture phenomenon in use, and the service life is longer than ZGMn13Cr2.
  • the lining is increased by 220% ⁇ 245%, and the production cost is only increased by 20% ⁇ 25%.
  • the use of the liner of the invention can improve the operation rate of the ball mill, reduce the labor intensity of the workers, reduce the material grinding cost, and have significant economic and social benefits.

Abstract

The present invention is a lining board for a large-scale ball mill and a method for heat treatment thereof； the chemical composition of the lining board in mass percent is: 0.26-0.35 C, 3.5-4.2 Cr, 2.8-3.2 Mn, 1.2-1.5 Si, 0.002-0.005 B, 0.05-0.10 Ti, 0.04-0.08 Zr, 0.15-0.25 V, 0.30-0.40 Nb, 0.05-0.10 Ba, 0.02-0.06 Ca, 0.08-0.12 Re, 0-0.03 S, 0-0.04 P, with the balance being Fe. The lining board of the present invention is smelted and cast, followed by being oil-hardened, and then treated by tempering at 200-230°C. The lining board of the present invention has high strength and hardness, excellent toughness and wear-resistance, and relatively low cost and good effect.

Description

一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法  Large ball mill liner and heat treatment method thereof
技术领域 Technical field
本发明为各类球磨机衬板及其制造方法，特别涉及一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，属于物料研磨技术领域。 The invention relates to various ball mill liners and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of material grinding.
背景技术 Background technique
球磨机是一种应用广泛的粉碎机械，是冶金矿山、水泥建材、电力、化肥、煤炭、化工等行业物料粉碎的主要设备之一，衬板是球磨机和进出料端盖的保护板，它除了承受研磨体（磨球、磨棒和磨段）与物料的冲击和磨损之外，还有提升研磨体的作用。随着物料粉磨技术的快速发展，球磨机趋于大型化，衬板工作条件日益苛刻，对衬板材料的性能提出了更高的要求，提高其耐磨性是国内外普遍关注的重点研究课题。 Ball mill is a widely used crushing machine. It is one of the main equipments for material crushing in metallurgical mines, cement building materials, electric power, fertilizer, coal, chemical industry, etc. The liner is a ball mill and a protective plate for the inlet and outlet end caps. In addition to the impact and wear of the abrasive body (grinding ball, grinding rod and grinding section), the abrasive body is also enhanced. With the rapid development of material grinding technology, the ball mill tends to be large-sized, the working conditions of the lining plate are increasingly harsh, and the performance of the lining material is put forward higher. Improving the wear resistance is a key research topic at home and abroad. .
目前广泛使用的衬板材料主要有三大类：① 高锰钢；② 合金耐磨钢；③ 高铬铸铁。 Currently widely used lining materials mainly have three categories: 1 high manganese steel; 2 alloy wear-resistant steel; 3 high chromium cast iron.
高锰钢是 1882 年由英国人哈德菲尔德发明的一种韧性极好、具有较好耐磨性的材料，它属于 Fe － C － Mn 三元合金。这种钢的铸态组织为奥氏体加碳化物，水韧处理后，可以获得单相奥氏体组织，它具有较高的耐冲击性能和加工硬化能力。 ZGMnl3 是著名的国际通用奥氏体高锰钢，用该钢制造的衬板服役时在强大压力作用下，表层将迅速产生加工硬化，其加工硬化能力比其它钢种高 5~6 倍，且马氏体和ε相沿滑移面易发生晶格畸变，形成耐磨的表面层，而其内层仍保持冲击韧性好的奥氏体组织。加工硬化后表面硬度可以由 HB200 上升到 HB500 ，这一特性使其被广泛用做矿山、建材、冶金、能源、铁路等机械中的耐磨件。在衬板材料的发展过程中，早期以高锰钢为主流。高锰钢虽具良好的韧塑性，但作为磨机衬板材质，存在以下不足： (1) 磨机在工作过程中不能充分发挥高锰钢衬板的加工硬化能力，表现为不耐磨； (2) 屈服强度低，在使用过程中极易产生塑性变形，致使磨机衬板因螺栓拉断而脱落； (3) 无法与硬度高、耐磨性好的高铬铸铁磨球匹配使用。近年来，由于低合金钢和白口铸铁性能不断提高，对其研究和实践有了很大的进步，所以在制作球磨机衬板等零件时，国外己逐渐采用其它材料代替高锰钢。 High manganese steel is a material that was invented by the British Hadfield in 1882 and has excellent toughness and good wear resistance. It belongs to Fe - C - Mn ternary alloy. The as-cast microstructure of this steel is austenite plus carbide. After water tough treatment, a single-phase austenite structure can be obtained, which has high impact resistance and work hardening ability. ZGMnl3 It is a famous international austenitic high-manganese steel. When the liner made of steel is used under strong pressure, the surface layer will quickly produce work hardening, and its work hardening ability is 5~6 higher than other steel grades. Times, and the martensite and ε phase are prone to lattice distortion along the slip surface, forming a wear-resistant surface layer, while the inner layer still maintains austenite structure with good impact toughness. Surface hardness after work hardening can rise from HB200 to HB500 This feature makes it widely used as wear parts in mining, building materials, metallurgy, energy, railway and other machinery. In the development of lining materials, high manganese steel was the mainstream in the early stage. Although high manganese steel has good toughness and plasticity, as the material of the mill liner, there are the following disadvantages: (1) In the working process, the mill can not fully exert the work hardening ability of the high manganese steel liner, which is not wear resistant; (2) The yield strength is low, and plastic deformation is easy to occur during use, resulting in the mill liner Falling off due to bolt breakage; (3) Can not be matched with high-chromium cast iron grinding balls with high hardness and good wear resistance. In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of the performance of low-alloy steel and white cast iron, great progress has been made in its research and practice. Therefore, when making parts such as ball mill liners, foreign materials have gradually adopted other materials instead of high-manganese steel.
合金钢是指钢中除含硅和锰作为合金元素或脱氧元素外，还含有其他合金元素 ( 如铬、镍、铝、钒、钛、铜、钨、铝、钴、铌和其它元素等 ) ，有的还含有某些非金属元素 ( 如硼、氮等 ) 的钢。根据钢中合金元素含量的多少，又可分为低合金钢，中合金钢和高合金钢。抗磨低合金钢按照含碳量可分为低碳 (0.18 － 0.30%) ，中碳 (0.3 － 0.50%) 和高碳 (0.50 － 1.0%) 三类。低合金耐磨钢的合金总量在 5% 以下，中合金钢的合金含量在 5% － 10% 之间，与其它耐磨铸钢相比，具有更好的耐磨性与韧性的综合性能。 70 年代起，美、加、澳等国相继将用于处理低、中合金钢的各种淬火 (+ 回火 ) 工艺推广到包括衬板在内的各类破、粉碎设备中。我国的一些耐磨钢中还加入了稀土和硼等元素，提高了钢的淬透性，改善了钢的组织、机械性能和耐磨性，应用于球磨机衬板，其使用寿命比高锰钢衬板略高。低合金马氏体耐磨钢还存在韧性不足的弱点，所以其多用于受冲击力较小的工况下，它还存在淬透性和淬硬性低的不足，耐磨性较差。 Alloy steel means that in addition to silicon and manganese as alloying elements or deoxidizing elements, steel also contains other alloying elements ( Such as chromium, nickel, aluminum, vanadium, titanium, copper, tungsten, aluminum, cobalt, antimony and other elements, and some also contain some non-metallic elements (such as boron, nitrogen, etc.) Steel. According to the content of alloying elements in steel, it can be divided into low alloy steel, medium alloy steel and high alloy steel. Anti-wear low alloy steel can be divided into low carbon (0.18 - 0.30%) and medium carbon (0.3 - according to carbon content). 0.50%) and high carbon (0.50 - 1.0%). The total alloy of low alloy wear-resistant steel is below 5%, and the alloy content of medium alloy steel is 5% - 10%. Between the other wear-resistant cast steel, it has better comprehensive performance of wear resistance and toughness. Since the 1970s, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries will be used to deal with various quenching of low and medium alloy steels (+ tempering) The process is extended to all kinds of breaking and crushing equipment including lining. Some of China's wear-resistant steels also contain elements such as rare earth and boron, which improve the hardenability of steel, improve the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of steel. It is applied to ball mill liners and its service life is higher than that of high manganese steel. The lining is slightly higher. Low-alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel also has weaknesses of insufficient toughness, so it is often used in applications with less impact force, and it also has insufficient hardenability and hardenability, and wear resistance is poor.
在铬系铸铁中高铬铸铁是抗磨性能最好的一种抗磨材料，主要是因为具有高的硬度，较好的韧性，高的抗磨损能力和抗腐蚀能力，被称为第三代耐磨材料。高铬铸铁的含铬量在 12 － 28% 之间，含碳量在 2.4 － 3.6% 之间，其耐磨性取决于碳和合金元素的含量、基体组织及碳化物的种类以及形态分布等。高铬铸铁的显微组织是由初生奥氏体或其转变产物和共晶组织所组成。其共晶碳化物为六角形杆状及板条状的 M7C3 型碳化物，呈断网状分布，显微硬度高达 Hv1300 － 1800 ，且韧性和耐磨性也较高。通常含铬量在 12% － 20% 的高铬白口铸铁选择高硬度而具有一定韧性的马氏体为主要基体。但是，高铬白口铸铁存在合金元素含量高、生产成本高以及高温热处理易变形和开裂的不足，普通白口铸铁和低合金白口铸铁碳化物硬度低，碳化物呈连续状分布，脆性大，使用中易剥落甚至开裂。因此，开发生产工艺简单、成本低、强韧性高、淬透性与淬硬性好且无污染的大型球磨机衬板材料，取代目前广泛使用的普通钢铁耐磨材料，无疑具有十分重要的意义。High-chromium cast iron is the anti-wear material with the best anti-wear performance in chrome-based cast iron. It is mainly because of its high hardness, good toughness, high wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Grinding material. High chromium cast iron has a chromium content between 12 and 28% and a carbon content between 2.4 and 3.6%. Its wear resistance depends on the content of carbon and alloying elements, the type of matrix and carbide, and the morphology distribution. . The microstructure of high chromium cast iron consists of primary austenite or its transformation products and eutectic structure. The eutectic carbides are hexagonal rod-shaped and lath-shaped M 7 C 3 type carbides, which are distributed in a network, with microhardness up to Hv1300 - 1800, and high toughness and wear resistance. Generally, high-chromium white cast iron containing 12% to 20% of chromium has a high hardness and a certain toughness of martensite as the main matrix. However, high chromium white cast iron has high alloying element content, high production cost and high temperature heat treatment, which is easy to deform and crack. Normal white cast iron and low alloy white cast iron have low hardness, carbide is continuous and brittle. It is easy to peel off or even crack during use. Therefore, the development of a large-scale ball mill lining material with simple production process, low cost, high toughness, hardenability and hardenability and no pollution, is undoubtedly of great significance to replace the commonly used ordinary steel wear-resistant materials.
为了提高球磨机衬板的耐磨性能，中国发明专利 CN1039985 公开了双金属复合浇注球磨机衬板工艺方法，采用高铬铸铁和优质碳钢双金属复合铸造成球磨机衬板。该发明属于双金属复合铸造球磨机衬板的生产工艺新方法，解决了φ 3m 以上大型球磨机衬板使用最佳耐磨材料--高铬铸铁的断裂问题，这种衬板同时具有高的整体韧性和耐磨性。但存在制造工艺复杂，废品率高，结合层质量差等不足。 In order to improve the wear resistance of the ball mill liner, China invention patent CN1039985 The bimetal composite casting ball mill liner process method is disclosed, which is cast into a ball mill liner by high chromium cast iron and high quality carbon steel bimetal composite casting. The invention belongs to a new production process of a bimetal composite casting ball mill liner, and solves φ 3m The above large ball mill liners use the best wear-resistant material - the fracture problem of high chromium cast iron, which has high overall toughness and wear resistance. However, there are deficiencies in the manufacturing process, the high scrap rate, and the poor quality of the bonding layer.
中国发明专利 CN101690906A 公开了一种组合自固无螺栓中铬合金衬板，由下列成分按质量百分比制成： C0.4-0.6 ％， Si0.5-0.8 ％， Mn0.8-1.4 ％， Cr3.0-5.5 ％， Mo0.30-0.5 ％， Ni0.1-0.2 ％， Al0.2-0.4 ％， Nb0.05-0.08 ％， Ti0.05-0.08 ％， 0.008-0.015 ％， P ≤ 0.05 ％， S ≤ 0.05 ％，余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。该发明通过对化学成分进行合理的设计，使得该发明具有强度高，韧性好，耐磨能力强的特点，使产品的硬度和韧性达到统一。该衬板含有镍、钼等昂贵合金元素，成本高，且碳含量高，脆性较大，制作大型球磨机衬板，安全性差。 Chinese invention patent CN101690906A A combination self-solidening boltless medium chromium alloy liner is disclosed, which is made of the following components in mass percentage: C0.4-0.6%, Si0.5-0.8%, Mn0.8-1.4%, Cr3.0-5.5%, Mo0.30-0.5%, Ni0.1-0.2%, Al0.2-0.4%, Nb0.05-0.08%, Ti0.05-0.08 %, 0.008-0.015 %, P ≤ 0.05 %, S ≤ 0.05 %, the balance is iron and inevitable impurities. The invention has reasonable design of chemical components, so that the invention has the characteristics of high strength, good toughness and strong wear resistance, so that the hardness and toughness of the product are unified. The lining plate contains expensive alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum, has high cost, high carbon content and high brittleness, and produces a large ball mill lining, which has poor safety.
中国发明专利 CN101664708 公开了一种新型球磨机磁性衬板，包括基体、耐磨衬板、复合磁极组和粘接剂，基体内壁上设置耐磨衬板，耐磨衬板内设有空腔，复合磁极组通过粘接剂粘接在耐磨衬板的空腔内，复合磁极组沿球磨机筒体轴向方向为同极性排列，沿球磨机筒体圆周方向为 N 、 S 交替排列，耐磨衬板采用特殊的 ZG80Mn15Cr4 铸造，复合磁极组由高性能铁氧体材料和高性能合金磁钢组成，粘接剂采用美国福世蓝新型材料制成。该发明衬板成本高，且粘接剂依赖进口，不利于在大型球磨机上推广使用。 Chinese invention patent CN101664708 A novel ball mill magnetic lining plate is disclosed, which comprises a base body, a wear-resistant lining plate, a composite magnetic pole group and an adhesive. A wear-resistant lining plate is arranged on the inner wall of the base body, a cavity is arranged in the wear-resistant lining plate, and the composite magnetic pole group is adhered. The bonding agent is bonded in the cavity of the wear-resistant lining plate, and the composite magnetic pole group is arranged in the same polarity along the axial direction of the ball mill cylinder body, and is along the circumferential direction of the ball mill cylinder body. N and S are alternately arranged, and the wear-resistant lining plate adopts special ZG80Mn15Cr4 Casting, composite magnetic pole group consists of high-performance ferrite material and high-performance alloy magnetic steel. The adhesive is made of new materials from American Fu Shilan. The liner of the invention has high cost and the adhesive is imported, which is not conducive to popularization on a large ball mill.
中国发明专利 CN101623746 也公开了一种防止球磨机衬板断裂的方法，适合于对已有球磨机的衬板改造，目的是提高球磨机衬板屈服极限；该发明采用含有 Cr 、 Mo 等金属元素的高锰钢材料，如 ZGMn13Cr2Mo 、 ZG32Mn9SiCr2MoRe 或 ZGMn9Cr2ReSi ；通过消失模铸造方法制成球磨机端衬板、筒体衬板和格子衬板，对铸造成型后的衬板在安装使用前还需要进行热处理：先将衬板入炉加热到 200 ℃～ 300 ℃，保温 1 ～ 2 小时，然后按速度为 40 ℃～ 50 ℃ / 小时升温到 650 ℃～ 680 ℃；保温 4.5 ～ 5 小时；再按 60 ℃～ 70 ℃ / 小时继续升温到 1060 ℃～ 1090 ℃，保温 3.0 ～ 4.0 小时；将衬板从炉中取出，放入水中进行水韧处理，放入回火炉中，按速度为 40 ℃～ 50 ℃ / 小时加热到 300 ～ 350 ℃，保温 6 ～ 8 小时，然后以 1.5 ～ 2.5min/mm 速度冷却；衬板回火入炉温度控制在 150 ℃以下。该发明基体仍是奥氏体，在球磨机中使用不易产生明显的加工硬化，使用寿命较短。 Chinese invention patent CN101623746 Also disclosed is a method for preventing breakage of a ball mill liner, which is suitable for retrofitting a liner of an existing ball mill, with the aim of improving the yield limit of the ball mill liner; the invention uses a high manganese steel material containing a metal element such as Cr or Mo, such as ZGMn13Cr2Mo, ZG32Mn9SiCr2MoRe or ZGMn9Cr2ReSi The ball mill end liner, the cylinder liner and the lattice liner are made by the lost foam casting method, and the cast liner needs to be heat treated before installation and use: firstly, the liner is heated to 200 ° C ~ 300 °C, insulation 1 to 2 hours, then increase the temperature from 40 °C to 50 °C / hour to 650 °C to 680 °C; keep warm for 4.5 to 5 hours; then press 60 °C to 70 °C / Continue to heat up to 1060 °C ~ 1090 °C for 3 hours and keep warm for 3.0 ~ 4.0 hours; remove the liner from the furnace, put it into water for water toughening treatment, put it into the tempering furnace, and press the speed at 40 °C ~ 50 °C / hour heating to 300 ~ 350 °C, heat for 6 ~ 8 hours, then cooling at 1.5 ~ 2.5min / mm; liner tempering into the furnace temperature control at 150 Below °C. The substrate of the invention is still austenite, which is not easy to produce obvious work hardening in a ball mill and has a short service life.
中国发明专利 CN101054652 还公开了一种球磨机衬板化学成分 ( 重量百分比 ) 为： C 0.6-0.8 ％、 Si 0.3-0.8 ％、 Mn 0.3-0.8 ％、 Cr 2.0-4.5 ％、 Ni 0.2-2.0 ％、 Mo 0.1-0.8 ％、 S ＜ 0.04 ％、 P ＜ 0.04 ％、余量为 Fe 。其制造工艺是：将球磨机衬板加热到 860-960 ℃，保温 2-3 小时，然后淬入水中冷却，使其温度快速下降，在工件表面温度下降至 580-680 ℃时，从水中取出，再在强制对流的空气中空冷至室温，之后进行 480-520 ℃回火，自然冷却即得成品。该发明的球磨机衬板碳含量高，水淬时极易出现裂纹。 Chinese invention patent CN101054652 also discloses a chemical composition (weight percentage) of a ball mill liner: C 0.6-0.8%, Si 0.3-0.8%, Mn 0.3-0.8%, Cr 2.0-4.5%, Ni 0.2-2.0%, Mo 0.1-0.8 %, S < 0.04 %, P < 0.04 %, and the balance is Fe. The manufacturing process is: heating the ball mill liner to 860-960 °C, keeping warm 2-3 After an hour, it is then quenched in water to cool it, and its temperature drops rapidly. When the surface temperature of the workpiece drops to 580-680 °C, it is taken out from the water, and then the forced convection air is cooled to room temperature, then 480-520. °C tempering, natural cooling to get the finished product. The ball mill liner of the invention has a high carbon content and is highly susceptible to cracking during water quenching.
中国发明专利 CN1932066 还公开了低碳高合金球磨机衬板钢及其制造方法，其特征是所述衬板钢按重量百分比的合金成分为： C ： 0.15 ～ 0.30 ％、 Cr ： 5.0 ～ 10.0 ％、 Ni ： 0 ～ 1.5 ％、 Mn ： 0.5 ～ 1.7 ％、 Mo ： 0 ～ 1.5 ％、 RE ： 0 ～ 0.8 ％、 Ti ： 0 ～ 1.0 ％、 Si ： 0 ～ 1.6 ％、 P ： 0.01 ～ 0.045 ％、 S ： 0.01 ～ 0.045 ％；其他金属和非金属元素总量不超过 3 ％；余量为 Fe 。该发明在湿式磨矿机衬板的工作环境下具有很好的耐磨性，但含有镍、钼等昂贵合金元素，成本高。 Chinese invention patent CN1932066 Also disclosed is a low carbon high alloy ball mill liner steel and a method of manufacturing the same, characterized in that the alloy composition of the backing steel by weight percentage is: C: 0.15 to 0.30%, Cr: 5.0 to 10.0 %, Ni: 0 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.7 %, Mo: 0 to 1.5%, RE: 0 to 0.8%, Ti: 0 to 1.0 %, Si: 0 to 1.6 %, P: 0.01 to 0.045 %, S: 0.01 to 0.045 %; the total amount of other metals and non-metal elements does not exceed 3 %; the balance is Fe. The invention has good wear resistance in the working environment of the wet mill liner, but contains expensive alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum, and has high cost.
中国发明专利 CN1923372 还公开了一种用于球磨机的复合耐磨衬板的制造工艺，具体步骤如下：拉制纳米结构金属丝、处理金属丝、确定束紧外管尺寸、固定金属丝、切割复合管、加工衬板框架、焊接罗栓套、放置复合管、平铺焊接，即加工制造成衬板框架与复合管及隔板紧密结合的复合耐磨衬板。本发明的优点是：本发明充分发挥了纳米结构金属材料的高韧性、高强度、高耐磨和低价格等各种优点，解决了普通合金衬板要消耗大量有色金属的问题，并且使用寿命比普通材质衬板提高一个数量级。该发明工艺复杂，在大型球磨机上使用安全性差。 Chinese invention patent CN1923372 Also disclosed is a manufacturing process of a composite wear-resistant lining for a ball mill, the specific steps are as follows: drawing a nano-structured wire, processing a wire, determining a tight outer tube size, fixing a wire, cutting a composite pipe, processing a lining The plate frame, the welding bolt sleeve, the placing composite pipe, and the tile welding, that is, the composite wear-resistant lining plate which is processed into a lining frame and the composite pipe and the separator are tightly combined. The invention has the advantages that the invention fully utilizes various advantages such as high toughness, high strength, high wear resistance and low price of the nanostructured metal material, and solves the problem that the common alloy liner consumes a large amount of non-ferrous metals and has a service life. An order of magnitude better than a normal material liner. The process of the invention is complicated and the safety of use on a large ball mill is poor.
中国发明专利 CN101173343 还公开了一种高强度耐磨铸钢衬板及其制造方法，衬板其化学成分是 ( 重量％ ) ： 0.25-0.45 C ， 1.0-1.8 Si ， 1.0-2.0 Mn ， 0.8-1.5 Cr ， 0.003-0.008 B ， 0.02-0.08 Al ， 0.04-0.15 Ti ， 0.02-0.10 La ， 0.02-0.10 Ce ， 0.02-0.08 Ba ， 0.02-0.10 Ca ，其余为 Fe 和不可避免的微量杂质，其中 3.5 ＜ Si+Mn+Cr ＜ 4.5 ， 0.05 ＜ La+Ce ＜ 0.18 。该发明衬板利用电炉便可生产，采用砂型铸造，衬板抗拉强度高，达到 1450-1600MPa ，硬度达到 50-55HRC ，具有良好的耐磨性，冲击韧性达到 65-80J/cm2 ，使用中不断裂，不剥落，使用性能明显优于 Mn13 高锰钢衬板，生产工艺简单，以钢屑为主要原料，因而生产成本低。但是，该发明衬板淬透性较低，不宜制造大型球磨机衬板。 Chinese invention patent CN101173343 also discloses a high-strength wear-resistant cast steel liner and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the chemical composition of the liner is ( % by weight : 0.25-0.45 C , 1.0-1.8 Si , 1.0-2.0 Mn , 0.8-1.5 Cr , 0.003-0.008 B , 0.02-0.08 Al , 0.04-0.15 Ti , 0.02-0.10 La , 0.02-0.10 Ce , 0.02-0.08 Ba , 0.02-0.10 Ca , the rest are Fe and inevitable trace impurities, of which 3.5 < Si+Mn+Cr < 4.5 , 0.05 < La+Ce < 0.18 . The lining plate of the invention can be produced by using an electric furnace, and adopts sand casting, and the lining plate has high tensile strength, reaches 1450-1600 MPa, hardness reaches 50-55HRC, has good wear resistance, and impact toughness is achieved. 65-80J/cm2, no break during use, no peeling, and the performance is obviously better than Mn13 The high manganese steel liner has a simple production process and uses steel scrap as the main raw material, so the production cost is low. However, the liner of the invention has low hardenability and is not suitable for the manufacture of large ball mill liners.
中国发明专利 1109106 还公开了一种贝氏体球墨铸铁球磨机衬板，该发明衬板的成分为： 3.4 ～ 3.8%C 、 2.5 ～ 3.5%Si 、 1.5 ～ 2.5%Mn 、 P ≤ 0.1% 、 S ≤ 0.03% 、 0.03 ～ 0.08%Mg 、 0.02 ～ 0.07%Re ，余为 Fe 。该发明衬板用下列热处理工艺以获得贝氏体为主的组织。 820~920 ℃保温 2~8 小时，然后在 PH 值为 9~14 ，比重为 1.0~1.8 范围内的钠盐或钾盐水溶液中淬火。该发明衬板脆性较大，制造大型球磨机衬板安全性差。 Chinese invention patent 1109106 also discloses a bainite ductile iron ball mill liner, the composition of the invention liner is: 3.4 ～ 3.8% C, 2.5 to 3.5% Si, 1.5 to 2.5% Mn, P ≤ 0.1%, S ≤ 0.03%, 0.03 to 0.08% Mg, 0.02 ~ 0.07%Re, the remainder is Fe. The inventive liner was subjected to the following heat treatment process to obtain a bainite-based structure. 820~920 °C for 2~8 hours, then at PH value 9~14, quenched in a sodium or potassium salt aqueous solution with a specific gravity in the range of 1.0 to 1.8. The liner of the invention has a large brittleness, and the safety of manufacturing a large ball mill liner is poor.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，其生产工艺简便、成本低廉、性能可靠，用其生产的衬板使用安全且使用寿命长。 The object of the present invention is to provide a large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, which are simple in production process, low in cost and reliable in performance, and the liner produced by the same is safe to use and has a long service life.
[0017] 本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，该衬板的化学组成成分质量百分数为： 0.26~0.35C ， 3.5~4.2Cr ， 2.8~3.2Mn ， 1.2~1.5Si ， 0.002~0.005B ， 0.05~0.10Ti ， 0.04~0.08Zr ， 0.15~0.25V ， 0.30~0.40Nb ， 0.05~0.10Ba ， 0.02~0.06Ca ， 0.08~0.12RE ， 0~0.03S ， 0~0.04P ，余量为 Fe 。 [0017] The object of the present invention is achieved by: a large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, the chemical composition of the liner is of mass percentage: 0.26~0.35C, 3.5~4.2Cr, 2.8~3.2Mn, 1.2 ~1.5Si, 0.002~0.005B, 0.05~0.10Ti, 0.04~0.08Zr, 0.15~0.25V, 0.30~0.40Nb, 0.05~0.10Ba, 0.02~0.06Ca, 0.08~0.12RE, 0~0.03S, 0 ~0.04P, the balance is Fe.
本发明衬板用电炉熔炼，其制造工艺步骤是： The lining plate of the invention is smelted in an electric furnace, and the manufacturing process steps are as follows:
1 ）首先将废钢和铬铁混合加热熔化，钢水熔清后加入锰铁和硅铁，升温至 1560~1600 ℃时，加入铝脱氧，然后依次加入钛铁、铌铁、钒铁和硅钙钡合金，炉前调整成分合格后，将钢水温度升至 1600~1620 ℃，扒渣后出炉； 1) First, the scrap steel and ferrochrome are mixed and heated and melted. After the molten steel is melted, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are added, and the temperature is raised to 1560~1600. At °C, add aluminum deoxidation, and then add ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, vanadium iron and silicon calcium strontium alloy. After adjusting the composition in front of the furnace, the temperature of the molten steel is raised to 1600~1620 °C, and the slag is discharged.
2 ）将硼铁合金和硅锆合金破碎至粒度为 3~8mm 的小块，用薄钢片包裹严实，待出钢 40~60% 时，将包裹好的硼铁合金和硅锆合金随钢水冲入浇包； 2) The boron-iron alloy and the silicon-zirconium alloy are crushed into small pieces with a particle size of 3~8mm, and wrapped with thin steel sheets, and the steel is to be discharged 40~60%. At the time, the wrapped boron iron alloy and the silicon zirconium alloy are flushed into the ladle with the molten steel;
3 ）将稀土硅铁合金破碎至粒度为 8~12mm 的小块，经 160~200 ℃烘干后，置于浇包底部，用包内冲入法对钢水进行稀土变质处理； 3) The rare earth ferrosilicon alloy is broken into small pieces with a particle size of 8~12mm, 160~200 After drying at °C, it is placed at the bottom of the ladle, and the molten steel is subjected to rare earth modification treatment by the in-package punching method;
4 ）采用粘土砂铸造、消失模铸造和冷硬树脂砂型铸造三种方法中的任一方法浇注衬板，钢水浇注温度为 1520~1560 ℃； 4) Casting the liner by any of the three methods of clay sand casting, lost foam casting and chilled resin sand casting, the molten steel pouring temperature is 1520~1560 °C;
5 ）浇注 8~10 h 后开箱空冷衬板，打掉浇冒口，清理残根、飞边、毛刺； 5) After 8~10 h pouring, unpack the air-cooled lining, remove the pouring riser, and clean up the residual roots, flashing edges and burrs;
6 ）衬板在非加工状态下直接进行淬火热处理，将铸态衬板加热至 880~950 ℃，保温 3~5 h 后，在温度低于 80 ℃的淬火油中冷却 1~2 h ，淬火油与衬板的质量比≥ 10:1 ，最后将衬板加热至 200~230 ℃，保温 6~10h 后，空气冷却至室温，衬板即可直接装机使用。 6) The lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-machining state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 880~950 °C for 3~5 h. After cooling for 1~2 h in quenching oil with temperature below 80 °C, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ≥ 10:1, and finally the liner is heated to 200~230 °C, and the temperature is kept for 6~10h. After that, the air is cooled to room temperature and the liner can be directly installed.
本发明是在中碳中铬合金铸钢中，加入锰元素，提高衬板淬透性，另外，加入微量硼元素既有利于改善铸钢衬板淬透性，还有利于获得部分贝氏体组织，提高衬板强韧性和耐磨性。在此基础上，加入微量钛、锆、铌、钒、钡、钙和稀土等元素，进一步细化凝固组织，提高衬板的强韧性和耐磨性。淬火热处理后，可以获得马氏体 - 贝氏体 - 奥氏体复合组织，且基体组织中均匀分布细小的 NbC 颗粒，确保衬板具有优异的使用性能。 The invention is to add manganese element in the medium carbon medium chromium alloy cast steel to improve the hardenability of the liner. In addition, adding a trace amount of boron element is beneficial to improving the hardenability of the cast steel liner and also obtaining partial bainite. Organization to improve the toughness and wear resistance of the liner. On this basis, a small amount of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, calcium and rare earth elements are added to further refine the solidified structure and improve the toughness and wear resistance of the liner. After quenching heat treatment, martensite can be obtained - Bainite-austenite composite structure, and uniform distribution of fine NbC particles in the matrix structure ensures excellent performance of the liner.
合金材质的性能是由金相组织决定的，而一定的组织取决于化学成分及热处理工艺，本发明化学成分是这样确定的： The properties of the alloy material are determined by the metallographic structure, and the certain structure depends on the chemical composition and the heat treatment process. The chemical composition of the present invention is determined as follows:
碳：钢中含碳量增加，屈服点和抗拉强度升高，但塑性和冲击韧性降低。碳含量过低时，铸钢的铸造性能差，含碳量过高，铸造好热处理过程中易开裂。因此，球磨机耐磨衬板中合适的碳加入量为 0.26~0.35% 。 Carbon: The carbon content of the steel increases, the yield point and tensile strength increase, but the plasticity and impact toughness decrease. When the carbon content is too low, the castability of the cast steel is poor, the carbon content is too high, and the casting is easy to crack during the heat treatment. Therefore, the appropriate amount of carbon added to the ball mill wear liner is 0.26~0.35%.
铬：铬能显著提高钢的强度、硬度、淬透性和耐磨性，但同时降低塑性和韧性。在球磨机耐磨衬板中加入铬大部分进入基体，提高基体淬透性，少量铬可以形成细小的 Cr23C6 型碳化物，均匀分布于基体，有利于衬板耐磨性的提高，合适的铬加入量为 3.5~4.2% 。Chromium: Chromium can significantly increase the strength, hardness, hardenability and wear resistance of steel, but at the same time reduce plasticity and toughness. In the ball mill wear-resistant lining plate, most of the chromium is added into the matrix to improve the hardenability of the matrix. A small amount of chromium can form fine Cr 23 C 6 type carbide, which is evenly distributed on the matrix, which is beneficial to the improvement of the wear resistance of the lining. The amount of chromium added is 3.5~4.2%.
锰：在炼钢过程中，锰是良好的脱氧剂和脱硫剂，一般钢中含锰 0.30~0.50% 。锰是扩大奥氏体区的元素，可以明显提高钢的淬透性，本发明加入较多的锰元素是为了在淬火组织中获得部分高韧性的奥氏体和贝氏体组织，锰含量过高，淬火组织中残留奥氏体过多，不利于改善衬板的耐磨性，合适的锰加入量为 2.8~3.2% 。 Manganese: In the process of steel making, manganese is a good deoxidizer and desulfurizer. Generally, manganese contains 0.30~0.50%. . Manganese is an element that enlarges the austenite region and can significantly improve the hardenability of steel. The addition of more manganese in the present invention is to obtain a part of high toughness austenite and bainite structure in the quenched structure, and the manganese content is excessive. High, excessive austenite in the quenched structure, is not conducive to improving the wear resistance of the liner, the appropriate amount of manganese added is 2.8~3.2%.
硅：在炼钢过程中加硅作为还原剂和脱氧剂，镇静钢一般含有 0.15 － 0.30% 的硅。硅在钢中形成固溶体，可以起到固溶强化的作用，有利于提高钢的强度，但硅固溶于基体后，降低基体塑性，且硅降低淬透性，容易促使形成珠光体，影响材料耐磨性，合适的硅加入量为 1.2~1.5% 。 Silicon: In the process of steelmaking, silicon is added as a reducing agent and deoxidizer. The killed steel generally contains 0.15 - 0.30%. Silicon. Silicon forms a solid solution in steel, which can play a role of solid solution strengthening, which is beneficial to increase the strength of steel. However, after solid solution of silicon in the matrix, the plasticity of the matrix is lowered, and silicon reduces the hardenability, which easily promotes the formation of pearlite and affects the material. Wear resistance, the appropriate amount of silicon added is 1.2~1.5%.
硼：钢中加入微量的硼就可改善钢的淬透性和致密性，提高强度。另外，在钢中锰含量较高的情况下，加入微量硼，易促进淬火组织中出现强韧性好的贝氏体组织，但硼含量过高，易发生硼脆现象，大幅度降低铸钢韧性，影响衬板的安全使用，合适的硼含量是 0.002~0.005% 。 Boron: The addition of trace amounts of boron to the steel improves the hardenability and compactness of the steel and increases the strength. In addition, in the case of high manganese content in the steel, the addition of a trace amount of boron facilitates the formation of a strong toughness bainite structure in the quenched structure, but the boron content is too high, the boron brittle phenomenon is prone to occur, and the toughness of the cast steel is greatly reduced. , affecting the safe use of the liner, the appropriate boron content is 0.002~0.005%.
钛：钛能使钢的内部组织致密，细化晶粒，提高铸钢衬板的强韧性和耐磨性，钛加入量过多，易出现粗大的 TiC 颗粒，反而降低钢的强度和韧性，合适的钛含量为 0.05~0.10% 。 Titanium: Titanium can make the internal structure of steel dense, refine the grain, improve the toughness and wear resistance of the cast steel liner. Titanium is added too much, and it is easy to appear coarse TiC. The particles, on the other hand, reduce the strength and toughness of the steel, and the suitable titanium content is 0.05~0.10%.
锆：锆是强碳化物形成元素，加入铸钢中，易形成高熔点弥散分布的 ZrC 颗粒， ZrC 可作为初生δ相的结晶核心，促进晶粒的明显细化，合适的加入量为 0.04~0.08% 。 Zirconium: Zirconium is a strong carbide forming element. It is added to cast steel and easily forms high-melting-distributed ZrC particles. ZrC It can be used as the crystal core of the primary δ phase to promote the obvious refinement of crystal grains. The suitable addition amount is 0.04~0.08%.
钒：钢中加入适量的钒可细化晶粒，提高强度和韧性，钒固溶于基体，可明显提高基体强度，改善铸钢耐磨性。但钒的价格较高，合适的加入量宜控制在 0.15~0.25% 。 Vanadium: Adding an appropriate amount of vanadium to the steel can refine the grains, improve the strength and toughness, and dissolve the vanadium in the matrix, which can significantly improve the strength of the matrix and improve the wear resistance of the cast steel. However, the price of vanadium is relatively high, and the appropriate amount of addition should be controlled at 0.15~0.25%. .
铌：铌能细化晶粒和降低钢的过热敏感性及回火脆性，提高强度，但塑性和韧性有所下降。在耐磨铸钢衬板中加入适量铌，还可以形成大量细小的 NbC 颗粒均匀分布于基体上，有利于提高铸钢衬板的硬度和耐磨性，合适的铌加入量是 0.30~0.40% 。 铌: 铌 can refine grains and reduce the superheat sensitivity and temper brittleness of steel, improve strength, but decrease plasticity and toughness. Adding a proper amount of niobium to the wear-resistant cast steel liner can also form a large amount of fine NbC. The uniform distribution of the particles on the substrate is beneficial to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the cast steel liner. The suitable amount of niobium added is 0.30~0.40%.
钙：钙与氧有很大的亲合力，钙的脱氧能力很强，钙对钢水有很好的除气效果。钙还对铸钢中夹杂物的变质具有显著作用，加入适量钙可将合金铸钢衬板中的长条状硫化物夹杂转变为球状的 CaS 或（ Ca, Mn ） S 夹杂，适量钙还显著降低硫在晶界的偏聚，钙对降低合金铸钢衬板脆性和提高合金铸钢衬板铸造时抗热裂性是十分有益的。但加入过多的钙将使合金铸钢衬板中夹杂物增多，对合金铸钢衬板韧性的提高不利，合适的钙含量为 0.02~0.06% 。 Calcium: Calcium has a great affinity with oxygen. Calcium has a strong deoxidizing ability. Calcium has a good degassing effect on molten steel. Calcium also has a significant effect on the deterioration of inclusions in cast steel. The addition of an appropriate amount of calcium can transform the long strip of sulfide inclusions in the alloy cast steel liner into a spherical shape. CaS or (Ca, Mn ) S Inclusion, proper amount of calcium also significantly reduces the segregation of sulfur at the grain boundary. Calcium is very beneficial for reducing the brittleness of the alloy cast steel liner and improving the thermal crack resistance of the cast steel liner. However, adding too much calcium will increase the inclusions in the alloy cast steel liner, which is unfavorable to the toughness of the alloy cast steel liner. The suitable calcium content is 0.02~0.06%.
钡：钡是很好的脱氧剂，加入耐磨铸钢中，可净化钢液，提高耐磨铸钢衬板的强度和韧性，确保衬板安全使用，合适的加入量为 0.05~0.10% 。 钡: 钡 is a good deoxidizer. It can be added into wear-resistant cast steel to purify molten steel, improve the strength and toughness of wear-resistant cast steel lining, and ensure the safe use of lining. The suitable addition amount is 0.05~0.10%.
稀土：稀土对耐磨铸钢衬板具有脱硫、除气的作用，使钢中硫化物夹杂减少，使钢的冲击韧性提高。同时稀土与液态金属反应生成的细小粒子，具有加速凝固的形核作用。表面活性稀土元素在流动的晶体表面形成吸附原子薄膜，降低流动离子的速度。另外稀土的熔点低，原子半径大，在耐磨铸钢衬板凝固过程中是强成分过冷元素，由于其平衡常数 K0 远小于 1 ，在凝固过程中将发生严重偏析，通过溶质再分配而富集在初生奥氏体生长前沿的熔体中，造成较大的成分过冷，有利于奥氏体枝晶的多次分枝及枝晶间距的减小。稀土元素这些特殊性能细化耐磨铸钢衬板的铸态晶粒，限制树枝晶偏析，改善耐磨铸钢衬板的强韧性。稀土加入量过多，易出现夹杂物，合适的稀土加入量为 0.08~0.12% 。Rare earth: The rare earth has the effect of desulfurization and degassing on the wear-resistant cast steel liner, which reduces the sulfide inclusions in the steel and improves the impact toughness of the steel. At the same time, the fine particles formed by the reaction of the rare earth with the liquid metal have the nucleation effect of accelerated solidification. The surface active rare earth element forms an adsorption atomic film on the surface of the flowing crystal, reducing the velocity of the flowing ions. In addition, the rare earth has a low melting point and a large atomic radius. It is a strong component supercooled element in the solidification process of the wear-resistant cast steel liner. Since its equilibrium constant K 0 is much less than 1, serious segregation will occur during solidification and redistribution through the solute. However, enrichment in the melt of the primary austenite growth front causes a large component to be supercooled, which is beneficial to the multiple branches of austenite dendrites and the reduction of dendrite spacing. These special properties of rare earth elements refine the as-cast grains of wear-resistant cast steel liners, limit dendrite segregation, and improve the toughness of wear-resistant cast steel liners. The addition amount of rare earth is too much, and inclusions are apt to occur. The suitable rare earth addition amount is 0.08~0.12%.
硫和磷：不可避免的微量杂质是原料中带入的，其中有硫和磷，均是有害元素，为了保证衬板的强度、韧性和耐磨性，将磷含量控制在 0.04% 以下，硫含量控制在 0.03% 以下。 Sulfur and phosphorus: Inevitable trace impurities are brought into the raw materials, among which sulfur and phosphorus are harmful elements. In order to ensure the strength, toughness and wear resistance of the liner, the phosphorus content is controlled below 0.04%, sulfur Content control Below 0.03%.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点： Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1 ）本发明耐磨铸钢衬板淬透性好，淬硬层深度大于 120 mm ； 1) The wear-resistant cast steel liner of the invention has good hardenability, and the depth of the hardened layer is greater than 120 mm;
2 ）本发明耐磨铸钢衬板基体组织是马氏体 - 贝氏体 - 奥氏体复合组织，其中贝氏体体积分数达到 28~35% ，奥氏体体积分数达到 12~15% ，其余是板条马氏体，具有良好的强韧性和优异的耐磨性； 2) The matrix structure of the wear-resistant cast steel liner of the present invention is a martensite-bainite-austenite composite structure, wherein the bainite volume fraction is reached. 28~35%, the austenite volume fraction reaches 12~15%, and the rest is lath martensite, which has good toughness and excellent wear resistance;
3 ）本发明耐磨铸钢衬板基体组织上均匀分布着颗粒尺寸细小的 Cr23C6 和 NbC 颗粒，可明显改善衬板耐磨性；3) The Cr 23 C 6 and NbC particles with fine particle size are evenly distributed on the base structure of the wear-resistant cast steel liner of the invention, which can obviously improve the wear resistance of the liner;
4 ）本发明耐磨铸钢衬板不含价格昂贵的钼、镍等合金元素，生产成本低廉； 4) The wear-resistant cast steel lining plate of the invention does not contain expensive alloying elements such as molybdenum and nickel, and the production cost is low;
本发明耐磨铸钢衬板强度和硬度高，其中硬度大于 52 HRC ，抗拉强度大于 1500 Mpa ，韧性和耐磨性好，其中α kU 大于 30 J/cm2 。在大型球磨机上使用，其使用寿命比 ZGMn13Cr2 衬板提高 220~245% ，而生产成本仅提高 20~25% 。使用本发明衬板可提高球磨机作业率，减轻工人劳动强度，降低物料研磨成本，具有显著的经济和社会效益。The wear-resistant cast steel lining plate of the invention has high strength and hardness, wherein the hardness is greater than 52 HRC, the tensile strength is greater than 1500 Mpa, and the toughness and wear resistance are good, wherein α kU is greater than 30 J/cm 2 . Used on large ball mills, its service life is increased by 220~245% compared with ZGMn13Cr2 liner, and the production cost is only increased by 20~25%. The use of the liner of the invention can improve the operation rate of the ball mill, reduce the labor intensity of the workers, reduce the material grinding cost, and have significant economic and social benefits.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详述： The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments:
实施例 1 ： Example 1
一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，该衬板的化学组成成分质量百分数为： 0.27%C ， 4.18%Cr ， 2.97%Mn ， 1.23%Si ， 0.004%B ， 0.09%Ti ， 0.05%Zr ， 0.24%V ， 0.3%Nb ， 0.07%Ba ， 0.03%Ca ， 0.11%RE ， 0.021%S ， 0.037%P ，余量为 Fe 。 A large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, the chemical composition percentage of the liner is: 0.27% C, 4.18% Cr , 2.97% Mn , 1.23% Si , 0.004% B , 0.09% Ti , 0.05% Zr , 0.24% V , 0.3% Nb , 0.07% Ba , 0.03% Ca, 0.11% RE, 0.021% S, 0.037% P, balance Fe.
用 1000 公斤中频感应电炉熔炼耐磨铸钢衬板材料，其熔炼、铸造和热处理工艺过程如下： The wear-resistant cast steel lining material is smelted with a 1000 kg medium frequency induction furnace. The smelting, casting and heat treatment processes are as follows:
1 ）首先将废钢和铬铁混合加热熔化，钢水熔清后加入锰铁和硅铁，升温至 1563 ℃时，加入铝脱氧，然后依次加入钛铁、铌铁、钒铁和硅钙钡合金，炉前调整成分合格后，将钢水温度升至 1606 ℃，扒渣后出炉； 1) Firstly, the scrap steel and ferrochrome are mixed and heated and melted. After the molten steel is melted, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are added, and the temperature is raised to 1563. At °C, add aluminum deoxidation, and then add ferrotitanium, lanthanum iron, ferrovanadium and silicon calcium strontium alloy. After adjusting the composition before the furnace, the temperature of the molten steel is raised to 1606 °C, and the slag is discharged and discharged.
2 ）将硼铁合金和硅锆合金破碎至粒度为 5mm 的小块，用薄钢片包裹严实，出钢 40% 时，将包裹好的硼铁合金和硅锆合金随钢水冲入浇包； 2) The boron-iron alloy and the silicon-zirconium alloy are crushed into small pieces with a particle size of 5 mm, which are tightly wrapped with thin steel sheets and tapped 40%. At the time, the wrapped boron iron alloy and the silicon zirconium alloy are flushed into the ladle with the molten steel;
3 ）将稀土硅铁合金破碎至粒度为 8mm 的小块，经 160 ℃烘干后，置于浇包底部，用包内冲入法对钢水进行稀土变质处理； 3) crushing the rare earth ferrosilicon alloy to a small piece with a particle size of 8 mm, passing through 160 After drying at °C, it is placed at the bottom of the ladle, and the molten steel is subjected to rare earth modification treatment by the in-package punching method;
4 ）采用消失模铸造方法浇注衬板，钢水浇注温度 1558 ℃； 4) casting the liner by the lost foam casting method, the pouring temperature of the molten steel is 1558 ° C;
5 ）浇注 8 h 后开箱空冷衬板，打掉浇冒口，清理残根、飞边、毛刺； 5) After 8 hours of pouring, unpack the air-cooled lining, knock off the riser, and clean up the residual roots, flashing edges and burrs;
6 ）衬板在非加工状态下直接进行淬火热处理，将铸态衬板加热至 950 ℃，保温 3 h 后，在温度低于 80 ℃的淬火油中冷却 2 h ，淬火油与衬板的质量比≥ 10:1 。最后加热至 200 ℃，保温 10h 后，空气冷却至室温，衬板可直接装机使用。 6) The lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-machining state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 950 ° C, and after being kept for 3 h, the temperature is lower than After quenching at 80 °C for 2 h, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ≥ 10:1. Finally, it is heated to 200 °C, and after 10 hours of heat preservation, the air is cooled to room temperature, and the liner can be directly installed.
采用本发明实施例 1 生产的衬板其力学性能如下：硬度 /HRC 为 52.4 、抗拉强度 /Mpa 为 1530 、冲击韧度α kU (J/cm2) 为 35.7 。The mechanical properties of the liner produced by Example 1 of the present invention were as follows: hardness/HRC was 52.4, tensile strength/Mpa was 1530, and impact toughness α kU (J/cm 2 ) was 35.7.
实施例 2 ： Example 2:
一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，该衬板的化学组成成分质量百分数为： 0.3%C ， 3.8%Cr ， 3.20%Mn ， 1.49%Si ， 0.002%B ， 0.05%Ti ， 0.04%Zr ， 0.17%V ， 0.39%Nb ， 0.06%Ba ， 0.06%Ca ， 0.10%RE ， 0.026%S ， 0.033%P ，余量为 Fe 。 A large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, wherein the chemical composition percentage of the liner is 0.3% C, 3.8% Cr, 3.20% Mn, 1.49% Si, 0.002% B, 0.05% Ti, 0.04% Zr, 0.17% V, 0.39% Nb, 0.06% Ba, 0.06% Ca, 0.10% RE, 0.026% S, 0.033% P, balance Fe.
用 1500 公斤中频感应电炉熔炼耐磨铸钢衬板材料，其熔炼、铸造和热处理工艺过程如下： The wear-resistant cast steel liner material is smelted with a 1500 kg medium frequency induction furnace. The smelting, casting and heat treatment processes are as follows:
1 ）首先将废钢和铬铁混合加热熔化，钢水熔清后加入锰铁和硅铁，升温至 1595 ℃时，加入铝脱氧，然后依次加入钛铁、铌铁、钒铁和硅钙钡合金，炉前调整成分合格后，将钢水温度升至 1518 ℃，扒渣后出炉； 1) Firstly, the scrap steel and ferrochrome are mixed and heated and melted. After the molten steel is melted, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are added, and the temperature is raised to 1595. At °C, add aluminum deoxidation, and then add ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, vanadium iron and silicon calcium strontium alloy. After adjusting the composition before the furnace, the temperature of the molten steel is raised to 1518 °C, and the slag is discharged and discharged.
2 ）将硼铁合金和硅锆合金破碎至粒度为 4mm 的小块，用薄钢片包裹严实，出钢 60% 时，将包裹好的硼铁合金和硅锆合金随钢水冲入浇包； 2) The boron-iron alloy and the silicon-zirconium alloy are crushed into small pieces with a particle size of 4 mm, wrapped with thin steel sheets, and the steel is 60%. At the time, the wrapped boron iron alloy and the silicon zirconium alloy are flushed into the ladle with the molten steel;
3 ）将稀土硅铁合金破碎至粒度为 9mm 的小块，经 200 ℃烘干后，置于浇包底部，用包内冲入法对钢水进行稀土变质处理； 3) The rare earth ferrosilicon alloy is broken into small pieces with a particle size of 9 mm, passing through 200 After drying at °C, it is placed at the bottom of the ladle, and the molten steel is subjected to rare earth modification treatment by the in-package punching method;
4 ）采用粘土砂铸造方法浇注衬板，钢水浇注温度 1548 ℃； 4) casting the liner by clay sand casting method, the pouring temperature of molten steel is 1548 °C;
5 ）浇注 10 h 后开箱空冷衬板，打掉浇冒口，清理残根、飞边、毛刺； 5) After pouring for 10 hours, unpack the air-cooled lining, knock off the riser, and clean up the residual roots, flashing edges and burrs;
6 ）衬板在非加工状态下直接进行淬火热处理，将铸态衬板加热至 880 ℃，保温 5 h 后，在温度低于 80 ℃的淬火油中冷却 1 h ，淬火油与衬板的质量比≥ 10:1 。最后加热至 230 ℃，保温 6 h 后，空气冷却至室温，衬板可直接装机使用。 6) The lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-processed state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 880 ° C, and after being kept for 5 h, the temperature is lower than After quenching at 80 °C for 1 h, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ≥ 10:1. Finally, it is heated to 230 °C, and after 6 hours of heat preservation, the air is cooled to room temperature, and the liner can be directly installed.
采用本发明实施例 2 生产的衬板其力学性能如下：硬度 /HRC 为 53.1 、抗拉强度 /Mpa 为 1545 、冲击韧度α kU (J/cm2) 为 34.9 。The mechanical properties of the liner produced by Example 2 of the present invention were as follows: hardness/HRC was 53.1, tensile strength/Mpa was 1545, and impact toughness α kU (J/cm 2 ) was 34.9.
实施例 3 ： Example 3:
一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，该衬板的化学组成成分质量百分数为： 0.35%C ， 3.51%Cr ， 2.84%Mn ， 1.36%Si ， 0.005%B ， 0.08%Ti ， 0.08%Zr ， 0.21%V ， 0.36%Nb ， 0.09%Ba ， 0.05%Ca ， 0.08%RE ， 0.025%S ， 0.038%P ，余量为 Fe 。 A large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, wherein the chemical composition of the liner is of mass percentage: 0.35% C, 3.51% Cr , 2.84% Mn , 1.36% Si , 0.005% B , 0.08% Ti , 0.08% Zr , 0.21% V , 0.36% Nb , 0.09% Ba , 0.05% Ca, 0.08% RE, 0.025% S, 0.038% P, the balance is Fe.
用 1500 公斤中频感应电炉熔炼耐磨铸钢衬板材料，其熔炼、铸造和热处理工艺过程如下： The wear-resistant cast steel liner material is smelted with a 1500 kg medium frequency induction furnace. The smelting, casting and heat treatment processes are as follows:
1 ）首先将废钢和铬铁混合加热熔化，钢水熔清后加入锰铁和硅铁，升温至 1577 ℃时，加入铝脱氧，然后依次加入钛铁、铌铁、钒铁和硅钙钡合金，炉前调整成分合格后，将钢水温度升至 1612 ℃，扒渣后出炉； 1) First, the scrap steel and ferrochrome are mixed and heated and melted. After the molten steel is melted, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are added, and the temperature is raised to 1577. At °C, add aluminum deoxidation, and then add ferrotitanium, lanthanum iron, ferrovanadium and silicon calcium strontium alloy. After adjusting the composition in front of the furnace, the temperature of the molten steel is raised to 1612 °C, and the slag is discharged and discharged.
2 ）将硼铁合金和硅锆合金破碎至粒度为 8mm 的小块，用薄钢片包裹严实，出钢 53% 时，将包裹好的硼铁合金和硅锆合金随钢水冲入浇包； 2) The boron-iron alloy and the silicon-zirconium alloy are crushed into small pieces with a size of 8 mm, wrapped with thin steel sheets, and the steel is 53%. At the time, the wrapped boron iron alloy and the silicon zirconium alloy are flushed into the ladle with the molten steel;
3 ）将稀土硅铁合金破碎至粒度为 12mm 的小块，经 180 ℃烘干后，置于浇包底部，用包内冲入法对钢水进行稀土变质处理； 3) crushing the rare earth ferrosilicon alloy to a small piece with a size of 12 mm, via 180 After drying at °C, it is placed at the bottom of the ladle, and the molten steel is subjected to rare earth modification treatment by the in-package punching method;
4 ）采用冷硬树脂砂型铸造方法浇注衬板，钢水浇注温度 1527 ℃； 4) Casting the liner by chilling resin sand casting method, the pouring temperature of molten steel is 1527 °C;
5 ）浇注 9 h 后开箱空冷衬板，打掉浇冒口，清理残根、飞边、毛刺； 5) After pouring for 9 hours, unpack the air-cooled lining, knock off the riser, and clean up the residual roots, flashing edges and burrs;
6 ）衬板在非加工状态下直接进行淬火热处理，将铸态衬板加热至 920 ℃，保温 4 h 后，在温度低于 80 ℃的淬火油中冷却 1.5 h ，淬火油与衬板的质量比≥ 10:1 。最后加热至 220 ℃，保温 8 h 后，空气冷却至室温，衬板可直接装机使用。 6) The lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in the non-machining state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 920 ° C, and after being kept for 4 h, the temperature is lower than After quenching at 80 °C for 1.5 h, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ≥ 10:1. Finally heated to 220 ° C, kept for 8 h After that, the air is cooled to room temperature and the liner can be directly installed.
采用本发明实施例 3 生产的衬板其力学性能如下：硬度 /HRC 为 53.6 、抗拉强度 /Mpa 为 1580 、冲击韧度α kU (J/cm2) 为 32.6 。The mechanical properties of the liner produced by Example 3 of the present invention were as follows: hardness/HRC was 53.6, tensile strength/Mpa was 1580, and impact toughness α kU (J/cm 2 ) was 32.6.
本发明耐磨铸钢衬板具有强度和硬度高、淬透性好、淬硬层深和韧性好等特点，且耐磨铸钢衬板基体组织上均匀分布着颗粒尺寸细小的 Cr23C6 和 NbC 颗粒，可明显改善衬板耐磨性。本发明衬板已成功试用于φ 2.8m 、φ 3.2m 和φ 3.6m 大型球磨机上，用于研磨铁矿石，衬板使用安全、可靠，使用中无剥落和断裂现象出现，使用寿命比 ZGMn13Cr2 衬板提高 220%~245%，而生产成本仅提高 20%~25% 。使用本发明衬板可提高球磨机作业率，减轻工人劳动强度，降低物料研磨成本，具有显著的经济和社会效益。The wear-resistant cast steel lining plate of the invention has the characteristics of high strength and hardness, good hardenability, deep hardened layer and good toughness, and the Cr 13 C 6 with fine particle size uniformly distributed on the base structure of the wear-resistant cast steel lining plate. And NbC particles can significantly improve the wear resistance of the liner. The lining plate of the invention has been successfully applied to φ 2.8m, φ 3.2m and φ 3.6m large ball mills for grinding iron ore. The lining plate is safe and reliable to use, and there is no peeling and fracture phenomenon in use, and the service life is longer than ZGMn13Cr2. The lining is increased by 220%~245%, and the production cost is only increased by 20%~25%. The use of the liner of the invention can improve the operation rate of the ball mill, reduce the labor intensity of the workers, reduce the material grinding cost, and have significant economic and social benefits.

Claims (1)

  1. 1、一种大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，其特征在于该衬板的化学组成成分质量百分数为： 0.26~0.35C， 3.5~4.2Cr， 2.8~3.2Mn， 1.2~1.5Si， 0.002~0.005B， 0.05~0.10Ti，0.04~0.08Zr， 0.15~0.25V， 0.30~0.40Nb， 0.05~0.10Ba， 0.02~0.06Ca ， 0.08~0.12RE ， 0~0.03S ， 0~0.04P ，余量为 Fe 。1. A large ball mill liner and a heat treatment method thereof, characterized in that the chemical composition of the liner is of a mass percentage of 0.26 to 0.35 C, 3.5~4.2Cr, 2.8~3.2Mn, 1.2~1.5Si, 0.002~0.005B, 0.05~0.10Ti, 0.04~0.08Zr, 0.15~0.25V, 0.30~0.40Nb, 0.05~0.10Ba, 0.02~0.06Ca, 0.08~0.12RE, 0~0.03S, 0~0.04P, the balance is Fe.
    2、根据权利要求所说的大型球磨机衬板及其热处理方法，其特征在于该衬板用电炉生产，其工艺步骤是：2. A large ball mill liner according to the claims and a heat treatment method thereof, characterized in that the liner is produced by an electric furnace, and the process steps are:
    1 ）首先将废钢和铬铁混合加热熔化，钢水熔清后加入锰铁和硅铁，升温至1560~1600 ℃时，加入铝脱氧，然后依次加入钛铁、铌铁、钒铁和硅钙钡合金，炉前调整成分合格后，将钢水温度升至 1600~1620 ℃，扒渣后出炉；1) Firstly, the scrap steel and ferrochrome are mixed and heated and melted. After the molten steel is melted, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are added, and the temperature is raised to 1560~1600. At °C, add aluminum deoxidation, and then add ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, vanadium iron and silicon calcium strontium alloy. After adjusting the composition in front of the furnace, the temperature of the molten steel is raised to 1600~1620 °C, and the slag is discharged.
    2 ）将硼铁合金和硅锆合金破碎至粒度为3~8mm 的小块，用薄钢片包裹严实，待出钢 40~60% 时，将包裹好的硼铁合金和硅锆合金随钢水冲入浇包；2) The boron-iron alloy and the silicon-zirconium alloy are crushed into small pieces with a particle size of 3~8mm, and wrapped with thin steel sheets, and the steel is to be discharged 40~60%. At the time, the wrapped boron iron alloy and the silicon zirconium alloy are flushed into the ladle with the molten steel;
    3 ）将稀土硅铁合金破碎至粒度为8~12mm 的小块，经 160~200 ℃烘干后，置于浇包底部，用包内冲入法对钢水进行稀土变质处理；3) The rare earth ferrosilicon alloy is broken into small pieces with a particle size of 8~12mm, 160~200 After drying at °C, it is placed at the bottom of the ladle, and the molten steel is subjected to rare earth modification treatment by the in-package punching method;
    4 ）采用粘土砂铸造、消失模铸造和冷硬树脂砂型铸造三种方法中的任一方法浇注衬板，钢水浇注温度为1520~1560 ℃；4) Casting the liner by any of the three methods of clay sand casting, lost foam casting and chilled resin sand casting, the pouring temperature of molten steel is 1520~1560 °C;
    5 ）浇注 8~10 h后开箱空冷衬板，打掉浇冒口，清理残根、飞边、毛刺；5) After 8~10 h pouring, unpack the air-cooled lining, knock off the riser, and clean up the residual roots, flashing edges and burrs;
    6 ）衬板在非加工状态下直接进行淬火热处理，将铸态衬板加热至880~950℃，保温3~5h后，在温度低于80℃的淬火油中冷却1~2 h，淬火油与衬板的质量比≥10:1，最后将衬板加热至200~230℃，保温6~10h后，空气冷却至室温，衬板即可直接装机使用。6 The lining plate is directly subjected to quenching heat treatment in a non-processed state, and the as-cast lining plate is heated to 880 to 950 ° C, and after being kept for 3 to 5 hours, it is cooled in the quenching oil having a temperature lower than 80 ° C for 1 to 2 h, the mass ratio of quenching oil to liner is ≥10:1, and finally the liner is heated to 200~230 °C, after 6~10h of heat preservation, the air is cooled to room temperature, and the liner can be directly installed.
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