CN114480954A - Three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114480954A CN114480954A CN202111438744.8A CN202111438744A CN114480954A CN 114480954 A CN114480954 A CN 114480954A CN 202111438744 A CN202111438744 A CN 202111438744A CN 114480954 A CN114480954 A CN 114480954A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
- B22D19/085—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal of anti-frictional metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
- C21D5/04—Heat treatments of cast-iron of white cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate, which comprises a back layer, a transition layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the back layer is made of medium-low carbon steel, a filter layer is made of ferrite nodular cast iron, and the surface layer is made of high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron; the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate, which can obtain an ideal three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate, the shrinkage rate is in smooth transition, the combination is tight and natural, the casting stress is greatly reduced, and the casting defects are obviously reduced; then quenching and tempering the blank of the three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate to ensure that the three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate has better mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The bimetal wear-resistant lining plate is increasingly widely valued and applied due to the unique excellent service performance. Two metal materials with different properties are cast into a complete casting, the surface layer (working surface) is made of an abrasion-resistant alloy material and has strength and hardness, and the back layer is made of a non-brittle metal material and has plasticity and toughness, so that complementation is formed, and the complement mutually is obtained.
The traditional upper layer material is high chromium molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron with HRC more than or equal to 55, and the back layer material is medium-low carbon steel. Therefore, the bimetallic lining plate combines the advantages of the two, the service performance of the bimetallic lining plate is greatly improved compared with that of a common high manganese steel wear-resistant lining plate on the premise of no breakage and no fracture, the bimetallic lining plate is not only wear-resistant, but also can bear severe impact working conditions, and the bimetallic lining plate has great social and economic benefits and wide application.
However, the bimetallic wear liner thus formed has found many disadvantages in manufacturing applications and needs to be optimized in practice.
Firstly, the surface layer is made of wear-resistant white cast iron, the back layer is made of medium-low carbon steel, one is iron and the other is steel, the carbon contents of the surface layer and the back layer are greatly different, the structures are different, the phase diagrams are different, the difference is generated by melting at high temperature, certain difficulty exists in combination, the separation is easy to form, and the seamless butt joint cannot be realized after solidification and cooling, so that cracks and even delamination are caused.
Secondly, the casting shrinkage rate of the iron and the steel is doubled, the casting shrinkage rate comprises linear shrinkage and bulk shrinkage, the shrinkage rate of the iron is 1%, the shrinkage rate of the steel is 2%, the combination is not very smooth in the melting process, considerable inherent insufficiency of casting stress is formed, and hidden troubles are left for future installation and application.
Finally, the melting points of the two are different, the melting point of iron is about 1400 ℃, and the melting point of steel is more than 1500 ℃, so that the casting performances of the two are different, such as flowability and filling property, the requirements on the pouring process, refractory materials and solidification time are different, and the difficulty of the manufacturing process is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the transition layer is added between the back layer of medium-low carbon steel and the surface layer of high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron, so that the wear-resistant lining plate not only has wear resistance, but also can bear severe impact working conditions, the adhesiveness among the layers is better, and the casting process flow is simplified.
The invention provides a three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate which comprises a back layer, a transition layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the back layer is made of medium-low carbon steel, the filter layer is made of ferrite nodular cast iron, and the surface layer is made of high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron.
Compared with the prior art, the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate has the following advantages: (1) the ferrite nodular cast iron belongs to the category of iron, has the performance of steel, can buffer the huge difference between the ferrite nodular cast iron and the steel, has smaller density than the steel, lighter self weight, reduces the load of equipment after being installed, can prolong the service life of the equipment and save energy; (2) the ferrite ductile iron has excellent strength, plasticity and toughness and outstanding comprehensive mechanical property, and also has tiny adhesive deformation which steel does not have in the installation and use processes, good affinity and more compact attachment; (3) the ductile iron structure contains spherical graphite, so that the effects of shock absorption and noise absorption can be generated in the operation of equipment, the service performance of the equipment is improved, and the environment-friendly benefit is achieved; (4) the casting performance and the mechanical property of the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate can be obviously improved by adopting the ferrite ductile iron transition layer; (5) the casting process parameters of the ferrite ductile iron are between the two parameters, so that the process difficulty in the casting process can be reduced; (6) the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate has low manufacturing cost and strong operability.
Further, the medium-low carbon steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3-0.4 w%, Si: less than or equal to 0.50 w%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.90 w%, S: less than or equal to 0.04 w%, P: less than or equal to 0.04w percent and the balance of Fe.
Furthermore, the ferrite nodular cast iron comprises, by mass, 2.8-3.2 w% of C, 2.6-3.1 w% of Si, not more than 0.35 w% of Mn, not more than 0.06 w% of P, not more than 0.02 w% of S, 0.03-0.06 w% of Mg, 0.024-0.04 w% of Re, and the balance Fe.
Furthermore, the high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron comprises, by mass, 2.0-3.0 w% of C, not more than 1.0 w% of Si, 0.5-1.0 w% of Mn, 13.0-18.0 w% of Cr, 0.5-2.5 w% of Mo, 0-1.0 w% of Ni, 0-1.2 w% of Cu, not more than 0.06 w% of S, not more than 0.10 w% of P, and the balance Fe.
Furthermore, the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate can be widely applied to various wear-resistant spare parts such as lining plates of ball mills, partition plates, toothed plates, jaw plates, rolling mortar walls, distribution chutes, grate bars, hammers and slag sluiceways in the industries of metallurgy, mines, building materials, electric power, machinery and the like.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, casting: respectively smelting medium-low carbon steel, ferritic nodular cast iron and high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron by adopting three medium-frequency induction furnaces, and carrying out spheroidizing treatment and inoculation treatment on the ferritic nodular cast iron during smelting; after smelting is finished, firstly pouring medium and low carbon steel, solidifying and crystallizing, then pouring ferrite nodular cast iron, solidifying and crystallizing, finally pouring high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron, solidifying, crystallizing and cooling to obtain a three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank;
s2, heat treatment: quenching the blank of the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate, and then tempering to obtain the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate.
By adopting the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate casting method, an ideal three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate can be obtained, the shrinkage rate is in smooth transition, the combination is tight and natural, the casting stress is greatly reduced, and the casting defects are obviously reduced; quenching and tempering the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank to ensure that the surface layer material (high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron) keeps the original martensite structure, the transition layer ductile iron obtains high-plasticity and high-toughness ferrite, and the casting stress and the heat treatment stress of the surface layer, the transition layer and the back layer can be eliminated; the metallographic structure is as-cast ferrite, and the three-body type lining plate needs to be quenched, so that pearlite can reappear, and high-temperature tempering needs to be carried out to reappear the ferrite.
Further, the spheroidizing process of the ferritic nodular cast iron adopts an in-ladle flushing method, and inoculation is carried out while spheroidizing, and the spheroidizing process specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, charging: weighing a nodulizer with the iron water amount of 1.3-1.8 w% and an inoculant with the iron water amount of 1.0-1.2 w% according to the iron water amount, putting the nodulizer, the inoculant and the iron filings into a reaction dike of a nodulizing ladle, flattening and tamping the nodulizer, and then spreading a layer of the nodulizer;
s12, spheroidizing reaction: adjusting the parking position of the nodulizing ladle, setting the nodulizing temperature and starting tapping reaction, wherein the molten iron rushing position is the other side of the dam containing a nodulizing agent and an inoculant and starting reaction; after the reaction is finished, spreading a slag conglomeration agent on the surface of the molten iron, stirring, carrying out slag drawing treatment for 2-3 times, completely drawing the slag, covering the surface of the molten iron tightly with the slag conglomeration agent, and then carrying out the next step of casting.
Further, the inoculant adopts 75Fe-Si containing barium and calcium, and inoculation treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s121, mixing 20% of inoculant and nodulizer, and placing the mixture into a bottom-covered dam;
s122, placing 70% of inoculant into a funnel at the upper part of a tapping channel, wherein the inoculant is poured into a ladle along with molten iron from the beginning of tapping, and after tapping of the molten iron is finished, the inoculant in the funnel is used up;
and S123, carrying out silicon floating treatment on 10% of inoculant, placing 1-2 pieces of inoculant on the surface of the treated and drossed molten iron, forming a silicon-rich layer on the surface of the molten iron, and covering with plant ash for pouring.
Further, the nodulizer is a yttrium-based heavy rare earth nodulizer which adopts Y-Si-Fe-Mg intermediate alloy, and the chemical components in percentage by mass are as follows: 3.24 w%, Mg 7.06 w%, Si 42.78 w%, Ba 0.24 w%, Ca 2.75 w%, and the balance Fe.
Further, the slag conglomeration agent comprises plant ash, soda and perlite.
Further, quenching treatment is carried out according to the process of the high-alloy wear-resistant white cast iron material, namely, the blank of the three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate is put into a box type resistance furnace, heated to 980 ℃, kept for 1-2h, taken out of the furnace and cooled in air.
Further, the tempering treatment is to put the quenched three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank into a box-type resistance furnace again, heat the blank to 720-750 ℃, preserve heat for 1-2h, cool the blank to 600 ℃, and then take the blank out of the furnace for air cooling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a three-piece composite cast wear-resistant liner plate of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. surface layer, 2, transition layer, 3, back layer.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
Example one
A three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate comprises a back layer, a transition layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the back layer is made of medium-low carbon steel, the filter layer is made of ferrite nodular cast iron, the surface layer is made of high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron, and the structural schematic diagram refers to the attached figure 1.
The medium-low carbon steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3-0.4 w%, Si: less than or equal to 0.50 w%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.90 w%, S: less than or equal to 0.04 w%, P: less than or equal to 0.04w percent and the balance of Fe. The mechanical properties of the medium and low carbon steel are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron comprises, by mass, 2.0-3.0 w% of C, less than or equal to 1.0 w% of Si, 0.5-1.0 w% of Mn, 13.0-18.0 w% of Cr, 0.5-2.5 w% of Mo, 0-1.0 w% of Ni, 0-1.2 w% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.06 w% of S, less than or equal to 0.10 w% of P, and the balance of Fe. HCR after heat treatment is more than or equal to 55, and the metallographic structure after heat treatment is eutectic carbide (Cr, Fe)7C3+ secondary carbon + martensite + retained austenite.
The ferrite nodular cast iron comprises, by mass, 2.8-3.2 w% of C, 2.6-3.1 w% of Si, less than or equal to 0.35 w% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.06 w% of P, less than or equal to 0.02 w% of S, 0.03-0.06 w% of Mg, 0.024-0.04 w% of Re, and the balance Fe. The metallographic structure after heat treatment is ferrite, a small amount of pearlite, spherical graphite and a small amount of flocculent graphite; the mechanical properties of the ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The ferrite nodular cast iron belongs to the category of iron, has the performance of steel, can buffer the huge difference between the ferrite nodular cast iron and the steel, has smaller density than the steel, lighter self weight, reduces the load of equipment after being installed, can prolong the service life of the equipment and save energy; the ferrite ductile iron has excellent strength, plasticity and toughness and outstanding comprehensive mechanical property, and also has tiny adhesive deformation which steel does not have in the installation and use processes, good affinity and more compact attachment; the ductile iron structure contains spherical graphite, so that the effects of shock absorption and noise absorption can be generated in the operation of equipment, the service performance of the equipment is improved, and the environment-friendly benefit is achieved; the casting performance and the mechanical property of the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate can be obviously improved by adopting the ferrite ductile iron transition layer; the casting process parameters of the ferrite ductile iron are between the two parameters, so that the process difficulty in the casting process can be reduced.
Example two
A manufacturing method of a three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following steps:
s1, casting: respectively smelting medium-low carbon steel, ferritic nodular cast iron and high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron by adopting three medium-frequency induction furnaces, and carrying out spheroidizing treatment and inoculation treatment on the ferritic nodular cast iron during smelting; after smelting is finished, firstly pouring medium and low carbon steel, solidifying and crystallizing, then pouring ferrite nodular cast iron, solidifying and crystallizing, finally pouring high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron, solidifying, crystallizing and cooling to obtain a three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank; the spheroidizing process of the ferritic nodular cast iron adopts an in-ladle flushing method, and inoculation is carried out while spheroidizing, and the spheroidizing process specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, charging: weighing 1.3-1.8 w% of nodulizer and 1.0-1.2 w% of inoculant according to the amount of molten iron, putting the nodulizer, the inoculant and the iron filings into a reaction dam of a nodulizing package, leveling and tamping the nodulizer, adjusting the tamping degree according to the intensity degree of the nodulizing reaction, and then paving a layer of slag conglomeration agent to delay the initiation time of the nodulizer, thereby improving the absorption rate; the nodulizer is a yttrium-based heavy rare earth nodulizer which adopts Y-Si-Fe-Mg master alloy and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.24w percent of Mg, 7.06w percent of Mg, 42.78w percent of Si, 0.24w percent of Ba, 2.75w percent of Ca and the balance of Fe; the addition amount of the nodulizer is required to be proper, and is determined according to the tapping temperature, the tapping amount, the shape and size of a casting, the wall thickness and the pouring time; when the addition amount is larger, the magnesium content and the rare earth content in the molten iron are increased, the mechanical property is reduced, and the defects of graphite nodule dissimilation, white cast, enlarged shrinkage and lockhole tendency, black slag and the like are caused; if the addition amount is smaller, the magnesium content and the rare earth content in the molten iron are reduced, and the defects of poor spheroidization or degradation of spheroidization and the like are caused; the slag conglomeration agent consists of plant ash or soda or perlite; the steel plate is covered on the nodulizer to prolong the detonation time of the nodulizer, and the spheroidizing latency is adjusted by selecting the thickness of the steel plate, wherein the latency time before detonation is shown in table 3; the invention firstly provides a spheroidization latency concept to adjust the initiation time of the nodulizer, and has outstanding innovation.
TABLE 3
S12, spheroidizing reaction: adjusting the parking position of a balling ladle, setting the balling temperature and starting a tapping reaction, wherein the molten iron pouring position is the other side of the nodulizer and the inoculant and the reaction starts in the dam (direct pouring of the nodulizer is forbidden, otherwise, the absorption of the nodulizer is seriously influenced); the flow rate is fast when tapping is started and easy to detonate, when the reaction is violent, the flow rate is gradually reduced and is not cut off, the flow rate is gradually increased along with the weakening of the spheroidization reaction, and when molten iron is discharged to a required value, the spheroidization reaction is just stopped; after the reaction is finished, the molten iron is calmed for 3-5min, a slag conglomeration agent is scattered on the surface of the molten iron and stirred, the slag is pulled out for 2-3 times, the slag is pulled out completely, the surface of the molten iron is covered by the slag conglomeration agent tightly, the addition amount is 2 times of that of the slag, then the next step of pouring is carried out, in the pouring and ladle-pouring process, the slag conglomeration agent is required to float on the surface of the molten iron all the time and is not required to be hung on the ladle wall, the escape of spheroidizing elements is prevented, and meanwhile, the heat preservation effect is carried out on the molten iron; the spheroidization temperature is proper, the ideal temperature is 1480-; the solution is that chill is added to cool the iron according to the situation when tapping; the temperature is low, the spheroidization reaction time is long, and even after the molten iron is discharged and reacts, the molten iron temperature is low, the fluidity is poor, and the defects of air holes or cold shut and the like are easy to appear on the casting; the solution is that the blast is not initiated after 20s of tapping, molten iron is directly used for impacting a spheroidizing lifting dam to initiate reaction, and the spheroidizing reaction time is between 60 and 90 s; the tapping amount must be followed by the instructions of the batching staff, because the adding amount of the nodulizer is determined according to the tapping amount; when the molten iron is excessive, the magnesium content in the molten iron is reduced, and the degradation and poor spheroidization of spheroidization can be caused; if less molten iron is produced, the magnesium content and the rare earth content in the molten iron are increased, and the mechanical property is reduced;
in order to avoid inoculation recession, a multiple inoculation process or a whole inoculation process is adopted, one-time high-dose inoculation is not suitable, inoculation treatment is started while spheroidization is carried out, iron liquid enters a cavity from a stokehole tapping groove, and even in a solidification stage, the iron liquid is always in an inoculation state, and the inoculation treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s121, mixing 20% of inoculant and nodulizer, and placing the mixture into a bottom-covered dam;
s122, placing 70% of inoculant into a funnel at the upper part of a tapping channel, wherein the inoculant is poured into a ladle along with molten iron from the beginning of tapping, and after tapping of the molten iron is finished, the inoculant in the funnel is used up;
s123, carrying out silicon floating treatment on 10% of inoculant, placing 1-2 pieces of inoculant on the surface of the treated and drossed molten iron, forming a silicon-rich layer on the surface of the molten iron, and covering with plant ash for pouring; the silicon-rich layer and the lower iron liquid flow out together during pouring, and are mixed for inoculation treatment.
S2, heat treatment: quenching the blank of the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate, and then tempering to obtain the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate;
s21, quenching treatment is carried out according to the high-alloy wear-resistant white cast iron material process, namely, the blank of the three-body type composite casting wear-resistant lining plate is put into a box type resistance furnace, heated to 980 ℃, kept warm for 1-2h, taken out of the furnace and cooled;
s22, tempering treatment, namely, putting the quenched three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank into a box type resistance furnace again, heating to 720-750 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling to 600 ℃, discharging from the furnace and air cooling, wherein the main purpose is to decompose pearlite in the ductile iron to obtain ferrite with the maximum volume fraction, and simultaneously, the original structure martensite is kept below the critical point temperature of the martensite decomposition of the high-alloy wear-resistant white cast iron of the surface layer material, and the casting stress and the heat treatment stress of the three can be eliminated.
By adopting the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate casting method, an ideal three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate can be obtained, the shrinkage rate is in smooth transition, the combination is tight and natural, the casting stress is greatly reduced, and the casting defects are obviously reduced; the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, so that the surface layer material (high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron) keeps the original martensite structure, the transition layer ductile iron obtains high-plasticity and high-toughness ferrite, and the casting stress and the heat treatment stress of the surface layer, the transition layer and the back layer can be eliminated.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate is characterized by comprising a back layer, a transition layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged, wherein the back layer is made of medium-low carbon steel, the filter layer is made of ferrite nodular cast iron, and the surface layer is made of high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron.
2. The three-piece composite cast wear-resistant liner plate according to claim 1, wherein the medium-low carbon steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3-0.4 w%, Si: less than or equal to 0.50 w%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.90 w%, S: less than or equal to 0.04 w%, P: less than or equal to 0.04w percent and the balance of Fe.
3. The three-piece composite casting wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 1, wherein the ferrite nodular cast iron comprises, by mass, 2.8-3.2 w% of C, 2.6-3.1 w% of Si, not more than 0.35 w% of Mn, not more than 0.06 w% of P, not more than 0.02 w% of S, 0.03-0.06 w% of Mg, 0.024-0.04 w% of Re, and the balance Fe.
4. The three-piece composite casting wear-resistant lining plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron comprises, by mass, 2.0-3.0 w% of C, not more than 1.0 w% of Si, 0.5-1.0 w% of Mn, 13.0-18.0 w% of Cr, 0.5-2.5 w% of Mo, 0-1.0 w% of Ni, 0-1.2 w% of Cu, not more than 0.06 w% of S, not more than 0.10 w% of P, and the balance Fe.
5. A method of manufacturing a three-part composite cast wear resistant liner plate as claimed in claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:
s1, casting: respectively smelting medium-low carbon steel, ferritic nodular cast iron and high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron by adopting three medium-frequency induction furnaces, wherein the ferritic nodular cast iron is subjected to spheroidizing treatment and inoculation treatment during smelting; after smelting is finished, firstly pouring medium and low carbon steel, solidifying and crystallizing, then pouring ferrite nodular cast iron, solidifying and crystallizing, finally pouring high-chromium-molybdenum wear-resistant white cast iron, solidifying, crystallizing and cooling to obtain a three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank;
s2, heat treatment: the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate is prepared by quenching the blank of the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate and then tempering.
6. The method for manufacturing the three-piece composite casting wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 5, wherein the spheroidizing process of the ferritic nodular cast iron adopts an in-ladle flushing method, and the spheroidizing and inoculation processes are simultaneously carried out, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, charging: weighing a nodulizer with the iron water amount of 1.3-1.8 w% and an inoculant with the iron water amount of 1.0-1.2 w% according to the iron water amount, putting the nodulizer, the inoculant and the iron filings into a reaction dike of a nodulizing ladle, flattening and tamping the nodulizer, and then spreading a layer of the nodulizer;
s12, spheroidizing reaction: adjusting the parking position of the nodulizing ladle, setting the nodulizing temperature and starting tapping reaction, wherein the molten iron rushing position is the other side of the dam containing a nodulizing agent and an inoculant and starting reaction; after the reaction is finished, spreading a slag conglomeration agent on the surface of the molten iron, stirring, carrying out slag drawing treatment for 2-3 times, completely drawing the slag, covering the surface of the molten iron tightly with the slag conglomeration agent, and then carrying out the next step of casting.
7. The method for manufacturing the three-part composite casting wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 6, wherein the inoculant is 75Fe-Si containing barium and calcium, and the inoculation treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s121, mixing 20% of inoculant and nodulizer, and placing the mixture into a bottom-covered dam;
s122, placing 70% of inoculant into a funnel at the upper part of a tapping channel, wherein the inoculant is poured into a ladle along with molten iron from the beginning of tapping, and after tapping of the molten iron is finished, the inoculant in the funnel is used up;
and S123, carrying out silicon floating treatment on 10% of inoculant, placing 1-2 pieces of inoculant on the surface of the treated and drossed molten iron, forming a silicon-rich layer on the surface of the molten iron, and covering with plant ash for pouring.
8. The method for manufacturing the three-body composite casting wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 6, wherein the nodulizer is a yttrium-based heavy rare earth nodulizer adopting a Y-Si-Fe-Mg intermediate alloy, and the chemical components of the nodulizer in percentage by mass are as follows: y: 3.24 w%, Mg 7.06 w%, Si 42.78 w%, Ba 0.24 w%, Ca 2.75 w%, and the balance Fe.
9. The method for manufacturing the three-piece composite casting wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 5, wherein the quenching treatment is performed according to a high-alloy wear-resistant white cast iron material process, namely, the blank of the three-piece composite casting wear-resistant lining plate is put into a box type resistance furnace, heated to 980 ℃, kept for 1-2h, taken out of the furnace and cooled in air.
10. The method for manufacturing the three-piece composite casting wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 9, wherein the tempering treatment comprises the steps of putting the quenched three-piece composite casting wear-resistant lining plate blank into a box-type resistance furnace again, heating to 720-750 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, cooling to 600 ℃, and then discharging from the furnace for air cooling.
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