CN114932196A - Double-structure hammer head and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Double-structure hammer head and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114932196A CN114932196A CN202210620298.0A CN202210620298A CN114932196A CN 114932196 A CN114932196 A CN 114932196A CN 202210620298 A CN202210620298 A CN 202210620298A CN 114932196 A CN114932196 A CN 114932196A
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
- B02C13/26—Details
- B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
- B22D31/002—Cleaning, working on castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-structure hammer head and a manufacturing method thereof. The hammer head adopts medium carbon CrNiMo alloy, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: 1) smelting pure materials and reducing slag of the intermediate frequency furnace, mixing steel slag out, and tapping at the temperature of not less than 1710 ℃; 2) modifying in the bag and modifying with the flow, wherein the modifier is a composite modifier consisting of FeV, FeTi and rare earth ferroboron in a ratio of 1:1:1, and the total amount of the modifier is 0.2-0.3%; 3) standing after tapping, and blowing argon at the ladle bottom for 45-60 seconds for refining; 4) molding an iron sand shell mold, namely adopting a hollow wall conformal sand box, wherein the thickness of iron sand is 100-150mm, covering a heat-insulating layer outside the sand box, and introducing cooling water into the hollow wall before pouring; 5) pouring the filter residues, and after solidification, emptying cooling water; 6) the heat treatment adopts normalizing, quenching and low-temperature tempering, the hammer end is immersed into quenching liquid during quenching, the hammer handle is wrapped by a fireproof heat-insulating layer and exposed out of the liquid level, and the periphery of the board folding hammer head is fixed on the liquid level; and (5) tempering at low temperature in the furnace within 15min after quenching. The double-structure hammer head obtained by the invention has the advantages that the toughness of the hammer end is increased, and the service life is prolonged by more than 50%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the wear-resistant part casting industry, relates to a large scrap steel crushing hammer head, and particularly relates to a double-structure hammer head and a casting production method thereof.
Background
China is a big smelting country, the annual steel yield is the first world and is limited by raw materials, the waste steel recycling market in China keeps red fire, the market demand of the large hammer head for crushing waste steel is large along with the vigorous development of the waste steel crushing industry, the structure of the hammer head is shown in an attached drawing 1, and the hammer head comprises a hammer handle with an installation hole at the upper part and a hammer end with the lower part needing hammering and wear-resisting work. At present, the product is mostly made of impact-strengthened high manganese steel (Mn 18Cr 2), and the service life and the yield of a crushed first-grade material are about 4000 tons.
Publication numbers CN216172831U and CN213315326U disclose an alloy steel double-hardness wear-resistant hammer head and a double-metal wear-resistant hammer head applied to a hammer crusher, respectively, wherein CN216172831U adopts a mechanical connection mode to connect a rotating connecting rod and a wear-resistant hammer seat into a whole, and CN213315326U carries out metalized crystal connection on a manganese steel hammer handle with good impact toughness and a chromium-molybdenum multi-element alloy hammer head through an electroslag casting technology, so that the hammer handle and the hammer head are connected together in a compact manner.
The patent publication No. CN108893579A discloses a manufacturing method of an alloy steel double-hardness hammer head, the patent technology is invented and authorized by the applicant, during quenching, a hammer end is quenched into quenching liquid for cooling, and a hammer handle is wrapped by a heat insulation layer for slow cooling, so that the double-tissue double-hardness hammer head is obtained. The publication No. CN105506485A discloses a low-alloy medium-carbon steel double-hardness hammer head, which comprises 0.19-0.74% of C, 0.4-1.3% of Si, 0.4-1.1% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.018% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, 0.8-3.1% of Cr, 0-1.2% of Ni and 0.2-0.85% of Mo, wherein the heat treatment is divided into two steps, the first step is 900 ℃ normalizing, the 675 ℃ tempering treatment at 700 ℃, the second step is 900 ℃ oil quenching in a working area of the hammer head, the second step is 200 ℃ tempering at 300 ℃, and the shaft hole area is not quenched. Thus obtaining the double-hardness hammer, wherein the impact toughness of the shaft hole region is 18-19J/cm2, the hardness of HB363-388 below the surface is 5mm, the impact toughness of the working region is 15-17J/cm2, the hardness of HB555-601 below the surface is 5mm, and the hardness of HB555-578 below the surface of the region 20mm below the oil level line is 5mm in the middle region.
Although the low-alloy medium-carbon steel double-hardness hammer head can meet the crushing requirement, the service life of the low-alloy medium-carbon steel double-hardness hammer head is not greatly different from that of high-manganese steel, and the main reason is that the hammer head is easy to crack and fall off due to high hardness and high brittleness of a working area. On the basis of the prior art, the research on improving the toughness of the hammer head is carried out, and the toughness is improved under the condition that the hammer end meets the requirement of high hardness, so that the service life of the hammer head is prolonged, the crushing amount reaches 6000 tons, and the service life is prolonged by more than 50%.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the medium carbon chromium molybdenum vanadium alloy steel is adopted, the toughness of the hammer end is improved while the hardness of the hammer end is high, and meanwhile, the hammer handle keeps low hardness and high toughness, so that the single-metal double-structure hammer is obtained.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the hammer head is made of medium carbon CrNiMo alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.45-0.55 percent of C, 1.0-1.3 percent of Si, 0.4-0.6 percent of Mn, 0.8-1.0 percent of Cr, 0.4-0.6 percent of Mo, 1.0-1.2 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: 1) and (3) smelting pure materials and reducing slag in the intermediate frequency furnace. High-quality scrap steel is adopted as a charging material, low-phosphorus content or industrial pure alloy is adopted for alloying, lime, bauxite, fluorite and deoxidizer are added to produce reducing slag after alloying is completed and before tapping, the temperature is rapidly raised, molten steel is tapped at high temperature, steel slag is mixed out, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1710 ℃. When the deoxidizer adopts SiCa powder or a silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese composite deoxidizer, the proportion of the materials of the reducing slag is lime: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder (or Si-Al-Ba-Ca-Mn) = 1.2-1.5: 1: 0.4-1: 0.1-0.3, and the reducing slag material using FeSi powder as a deoxidizing agent is lime: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder = 1.3-1.6: 1: 0.4-1: 0.2-0.5 percent, and the total weight of the reducing slag material is 2-5 percent of the weight of the molten steel. During the temperature rise of the molten steel, the reduction slag cannot be exposed from the stirred molten steel. After the scrap steel is melted, if P is more than or equal to 0.015 percent, sponge iron or iron oxide scale needs to be adopted for dephosphorization. At the temperature of 1580-.
2) The modification treatment adopts modification treatment in a pouring ladle and modification treatment along with the flow. The modification treatment in the bag adopts a composite modifier consisting of FeV and FeTi granules and rare earth ferroboron blocks according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the granularity is 2-5 mm. The grain size of the modifier is not more than 1mm, and the compound modifier in the same bag is proportioned, and the dosage of the modifier is 20-25% of the total amount of the modifier. The total amount of the alterant is 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the molten steel.
3) And (4) blowing inert gas at the bottom of the pouring ladle for refining. And blowing inert gas into the ladle bottom within the time from tapping to stewing of the reducing slag, stirring the reducing slag, taking the reducing slag out and covering the covering slag within 45-60 seconds when the pressure is limited to ensure that the reducing slag is not exposed in the molten steel. The inert gas adopts argon or nitrogen.
4) And (5) molding an iron sand shell mold. The molding adopts the iron sand shell mold process, the sand box adopts the cavity wall to follow the shape sand box, the shell mold is positioned by the positioning bottom plate, iron sand is added in a vibration mode, the thickness of the iron sand is 100-plus-150 mm, the heat-insulating layer covers the sand box, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity wall before pouring.
5) And filtering residues and pouring. The pouring temperature is not higher than 1560 ℃, when pouring, the pouring ladle blocks slag, the sprue ceramic filter screen filters slag, after pouring solidification, the cooling water in the hollow wall is discharged, and the temperature of the opened box casting is not higher than 300 ℃.
6) And (6) heat treatment. And (3) polishing the casting after the preliminary heat treatment and the normalizing, wherein the heating temperature of the normalizing treatment is 890 +/-5 ℃, and the casting cannot be reddened by polishing. The final heat treatment is quenching and low-temperature tempering. The quenching heating temperature is 850 +/-5 ℃, the hammer end is immersed into the quenching liquid for cooling during quenching, the hammer handle is wrapped by the fire-resistant insulating layer and exposed out of the surface of the quenching liquid, and the periphery of the wood board folding hammer head is fixed on the liquid level. When water is added for quenching, the water temperature is not more than 35 ℃, the water outlet temperature of the casting is not more than 200 ℃, the casting is put into a furnace for low-temperature tempering treatment within 15min after the quenching treatment, the tempering temperature is 220-.
Further, the step 4) is replaced by a negative pressure lost foam process, and the step 5) is replaced by vibration pouring; the negative pressure of the sand box is not more than-0.06 Mpa, the vibration frequency of the vibration pouring table is 150-200Hz, the vibration force is not less than 2 times of the weight of the sand box, and the amplitude is not more than 1 mm; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is not lower than 1570 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the hardness of the wear-resistant part of the hammer end of the double-structure hammer head produced according to the steps is HRC55-62, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 18.3J/cm 2 The unification of toughness and hardness is obtained. The hardness of the hammer handle part is HRC20-25, the tensile strength is not less than 870 Mpa, and the impact toughness is not less than 28.2J/cm 2 . The crushing amount is not less than 6400 tons, and the expected purpose is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-structure hammer head product;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of an iron sand shell molding flask;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-tissue hammer head quenching;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG. 3;
1-a hammer head cavity, 2-iron sand, 3-a sand box, 4-cooling water, 5-a shell mold, 6-a heat insulation layer, 7-a ceramic filter screen, 8-a sand core and 9-a positioning bottom plate;
11-quenching liquid, 12-wood plate, 13-hammer, 14-steel pipe, 15-fire-resistant heat-insulating layer and 16-support frame.
Detailed Description
Example 1.
The manufacturing method of the double-structure hammer head comprises the working procedures of intermediate frequency furnace smelting, pouring ladle molten steel treatment, casting fine grain forming, casting cleaning, heat treatment and the like.
1) And (4) smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace.
The hammer head of the embodiment adopts medium carbon CrNiMo alloy, the smelting equipment is an intermediate frequency furnace, and the medium carbon CrNiMo alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.45-0.55 percent of C, 1.0-1.3 percent of Si, 0.4-0.6 percent of Mn, 0.8-1.0 percent of Cr, 0.4-0.6 percent of Mo, 1.0-1.2 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S.
Adding scrap steel into the intermediate frequency furnace, after melting, adding sponge iron 2.5-5% of the weight of the scrap steel, lime 2-4% of the weight of the scrap steel and fluorite 0.5-1% of the weight of the scrap steel at the temperature of 1580-1600 ℃, and dephosphorizing by using oxidizing slag. The sponge iron contains a large amount of iron oxides, and can provide an oxidation environment for the dephosphorization slag. The sponge iron can also be replaced by rolled iron scale, and when the iron scale is adopted, the addition amount is 1-2.5% of the weight of the scrap steel. After the steel slag reacts for 20-30min, the slag is removed, and the oxidized slag must be removed completely to prevent rephosphorization. After the oxidized slag is scraped off, sampling and heating are carried out, lime, bauxite, fluorite, deoxidizing agent and the like are added into the furnace, and the reduction slag is produced for desulfurization and deoxidation. The reducing slag can effectively remove the inclusions of oxides and sulfides, the lime is used for improving the alkalinity of the reducing slag, the bauxite is used for reducing the melting point of the lime, and the fluorite has a lower melting point and plays a role in fluxing. The fluorite is melted to promote the combination between the lime and the bauxite and reduce the melting point of the reducing slag. Adding SiCa powder, FeSi powder, aluminum wire or silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese composite deoxidizer and SiO while adding the above materials 2 Formation of SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 the-CaO low-melting-point ternary system reducing slag is used for promoting the liquid level reaction of the steel slag and promoting the smooth operation of the reduction process, and the aluminum wire is only used as an auxiliary deoxidizer and not used as a main deoxidizer. The temperature of the molten steel for reduction, deoxidation and desulfurization is not lower than 1640 ℃. SiCa powder or a silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese composite deoxidizer is used as the deoxidizer, and the material proportion of the reducing slag is as follows: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder (or silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese) = 1.2-1.5: 1: 0.2-0.5: 0.1-0.3, and the reducing slag material using FeSi powder as a deoxidizing agent is lime: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder = 1.3-1.6: 1: 0.2-0.5: 0.2-0.5, the total weight of the reducing slag material is the weight of the molten steel2-5% of the amount. In the reduction heat preservation process, the molten steel is electromagnetically stirred, the molten steel is limited to be free from exposing the reducing slag, and the contact interface between the stirred molten steel and the reducing slag is increased, so that the desulfurization and deoxidation reaction is promoted. The CaO content in the lime is not less than 85%, and Al content in the bauxite 2 O 3 The content is not less than 80%, and fluorite is more than two grades.
After the reducing slag turns green, adding low sulfur and phosphorus content or industrial pure alloy for alloying, and adjusting the components of the molten steel. Such as ferrosilicon and ferromolybdenum with low sulfur and phosphorus contents, and high-purity pig iron, nickel plate, chromium monomer, high-purity manganese and other industrial pure alloys. The low sulfur and phosphorus content refers to that P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent and S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent in the alloy. Generally, inclusions are a crack source of the alloy steel, and the fracture of the alloy steel is mostly initiated from the inclusions, and then the cracks propagate to the entire section of the alloy steel to form failure fracture. In the embodiment, the purposes of charging low-sulfur phosphorus into the furnace, dephosphorizing oxidizing slag and desulfurizing and deoxidizing reducing slag are to reduce the content of inclusions in molten steel and avoid the adverse effect of the inclusions on impact toughness.
2) And (4) treating molten steel in a pouring ladle.
After the smelting components of the intermediate frequency furnace are qualified, steel can be rapidly tapped, molten steel and reducing slag are poured into a pouring ladle at the same time, so that steel slag is mixed out, and in the tapping process, a steel slag contact interface is increased, and a reduction reaction is increased.
Before tapping, placing a baked composite modifier at the bottom of a casting ladle, wherein the composite modifier is FeV and FeTi granules and rare earth ferroboron blocks, the weight ratio of the FeV and FeTi granules to the rare earth ferroboron blocks is 1:1:1, the granularity is 2-5mm, and the total weight is 0.2-0.3% of the weight of molten steel. FeV and FeTi play a role in modification and microalloying, and the rare earth ferroboron block plays a role in deoxidation and impurity removal and modification. When the molten steel is poured into a ladle, the molten steel and the above materials are sufficiently mixed, and the molten steel is subjected to modification treatment. And immediately introducing argon or nitrogen inert gas into the ladle through the ladle bottom vent plug after tapping, and stirring the molten steel. And stirring the molten steel by inert gas during the standing time of the molten steel, fully contacting impurities in the molten steel with the reducing slag on the surface of the molten steel, and then adhering the impurities and the reducing slag together, thereby realizing the purification of the molten steel, wherein the pressure of the bottom blowing inert gas is limited by that the molten steel does not expose the reducing slag. And after the molten steel is stood still, closing the inert gas, removing the reducing slag in the pouring ladle, and scattering the covering slag to cover the liquid level of the molten steel. During the stirring process that inert gas is blown into molten steel, the bubbles are favorable for adsorbing gas in the molten steel and taking out part of gas in the molten steel from the molten steel, thereby reducing the content of gas such as O, N, H and the like in the molten steel. The time of bottom blowing the inert gas is about 45 seconds to 1 minute, and the protective slag is quickly lifted to a pouring station after being covered.
The purification treatment of the molten steel is beneficial to improving the purity of the alloy steel, reducing the contents of impurities and gas and improving the impact toughness. The modification treatment is beneficial to increasing nucleation cores of the carbide, and plays roles in refining the carbide, improving the carbide form and improving the impact toughness.
3) Casting fine grains and forming.
And (4) hoisting the deteriorated and purified molten steel to a pouring station, and blocking the covering slag on the surface of the molten steel of the pouring ladle by using a slag blocking device during pouring so as to avoid entering a pouring system. This embodiment tup forming technology adopts the iron sand shell mould, and the shell mould adopts tectorial membrane sand metal mold shaping, buries the iron sand with the gating system equipment back in, and iron sand is added in the vibrations for the iron sand is closely knit. The iron sand molding is adopted, so that the good heat transfer capacity of the iron sand is utilized, the molten metal is rapidly cooled, a larger temperature gradient and supercooling degree are generated, the nucleation rate is increased, and the function of refining as-cast grains is achieved.
As the hammer head is thicker and has 127mm thickness, one box has two pieces, and the proportion of molding iron sand ratio is larger, in order to avoid the reduction of cooling capacity caused by the heat accumulation of iron sand, the sand box adopts a hollow wall conformal sand box, and the structure after molding is shown as the attached figure 2. The shell mould 5 forming the hammer cavity 1 is positioned on a positioning bottom plate 9, the positioning bottom plate 9 is placed at the bottom of the sand box 3, the ceramic filter screen 7 is arranged on the sprue, and the sand core 8 forms a mounting hole. The size of the shell mould 5 from the inner wall of the sand box 3 is limited by the positioning bottom plate 9, and the thickness of the iron sand 2 around the hammer head is basically consistent and is within the range of 100-150 mm. The inner wall and the outer wall of the sand box 3 are hollow to form a hollow wall, cooling water 4 is introduced into the hollow wall before casting, and the sand box is wrapped by dry sand or heat-preservation cotton to form a heat-preservation layer 6. The cooling capacity of the iron sand is improved by using the cooling water, the molten steel forming the hammer head is uniformly and quickly solidified and cooled along with the sand box, the design and feeding of a riser are facilitated, the using amount of the iron sand can be reduced, and the molding efficiency is improved.
The low-temperature pouring is favorable for grain refining, the pouring temperature of the molten steel is not higher than 1560 ℃, after solidification molding, about 2.5min of pouring is finished, the cooling water is stopped, and the cooling water in the hollow wall of the sand box is emptied, so that the hollow wall of the sand box forms thermal resistance, and the iron sand and the heat-insulating layer form a heat-insulating layer together after heat storage, thereby reducing the temperature gradient and the heat-dissipating speed of the iron sand and the casting, being favorable for reducing the temperature difference stress of the casting and preventing casting cracks. Opening the box for more than 36 hours after pouring, wherein the temperature of the opened box casting is not higher than 300 ℃.
On the sprue, a ceramic filter screen 7 is used for filtering pouring molten steel to prevent external impurities or casting powder from entering a casting.
4) And (6) cleaning the casting.
After the casting is unpacked, the dead head is removed by using an air hammer, and the fire cannot be started.
5) And (6) heat treatment.
The heat treatment of the double-structure hammer head is carried out twice, namely, the pre-heat treatment of normalizing is carried out, and then the final heat treatment of quenching and low-temperature tempering is carried out. The heating temperature of the normalizing treatment is 890 +/-5 ℃, casting polishing operation can be carried out after the normalizing treatment, the casting cannot be reddened through surface polishing, fire is strictly forbidden in the polishing process, and the defects of microcracks on subsequent final heat treatment, pits or air holes and the like cannot be welded and repaired. And after the size and the surface quality are polished to meet the requirements, carrying out final heat treatment, cooling quenching liquid at 850 +/-5 ℃, when quenching is carried out in water, ensuring that the water temperature does not exceed 35 ℃, the water outlet temperature of the casting is not higher than 200 ℃, putting the casting into a furnace for low-temperature tempering treatment within 15min, wherein the tempering temperature is 220 and 240 ℃, and the tempering time is not less than 6 h.
Because the shell mould is difficult to cast the wing plate disclosed in the publication No. CN108893579A, in the quenching process of the embodiment, the steel pipe 14 penetrates through the mounting hole of the hammer head 13 and is suspended on the liquid level of the quenching liquid 11, and the hammer end enters below the liquid level of the quenching liquid, as shown in the attached drawings 3 and 4, the two wood plates 12 are folded and fixed to replace the wing plate disclosed in the CN 108893579A. The fire-resistant insulating layer 15 wraps the hammer handle, enters a furnace for heating, exposes the surface of the quenching liquid during quenching, and is cleaned after quenching. The wood board 12 is inserted into the surface of the quenching liquid by using a support frame 16, and a groove at the upper end of the support frame 16 corresponds to the steel pipe 14, so that the support frame 16 is fixed. When quenching, the hammer handle part is at high temperature, the wood board is in close contact with the water surface, and the wood board is cooled by the quenching liquid and cannot catch fire.
Example 2.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the difference of the fine grain forming process is mainly used, and the embodiment adopts negative pressure lost foam vibration pouring, namely one box with four pieces. And (3) hoisting the sand box subjected to lost foam molding to a vibration pouring table, starting a vacuum pump 2-5min before pouring, enabling the negative pressure of the sand box to be not more than-0.06 Mpa, starting the vibration pouring table 5-10 seconds before pouring, enabling the vibration frequency to be 150-200Hz, enabling the vibration force to be not less than 2 times of the weight of the sand box, and enabling the vibration amplitude to be not more than 1 mm. The pouring temperature of the molten steel is not lower than 1570 ℃, the molten steel is quickly poured, a sprue is closed, the molten metal is completely solidified after about 10-15 minutes of pouring, the vibration is stopped, the negative pressure is closed, and the box is opened after 48 hours.
The vibration in the pouring process accelerates the flow of the molten metal, improves the solidification feeding capacity of the molten metal, improves the density of the casting and reduces the shrinkage porosity of the casting. Meanwhile, as-cast dendrites are broken by vibration, the nucleation rate is increased, the dendrites are refined, and the impact toughness is improved. The vibration causes an increase in the fine crystalline effect compared to example 1. In example 1, since the height dimension of the hammer head is 550mm, the depth of the hammer head in the iron sand reaches more than 700mm, and the pressure applied to the shell by the iron sand is large, the thickness of the shell must be increased to resist the lateral pressure of the iron sand, and the extremely cold effect of example 1 is not as good as the effect of refining grains by vibration pouring. The two-structure hammer head obtained in this example has slightly improved hammer end impact toughness as compared with example 1.
The lost foam casting can conveniently cast the wing plate disclosed in the publication number CN108893579A, and the quenching cooling mode disclosed in CN108893579A can be adopted.
As the lost foam casting process flow is longer, compared with the shell mold molding, the process flows of white module manufacturing, bonding, baking, coating, coating baking, bonding and pouring systems and the like are needed before the molding, the production organization and the production preparation time are longer, the pouring operation is complex, the cooperation of a plurality of persons is needed, and the key is that the surface quality of the lost foam casting is far inferior to that of the shell mold.
Example 3.
In the embodiment 1, the smelting process of slagging in the furnace is adopted, sponge iron can be adopted for dephosphorization in the smelting of the scrap steel, the reduction slag can realize desulfurization and deoxidation, and phosphide, sulfide and oxide inclusions in molten steel are effectively removed, so that the effect of purifying the molten steel is achieved. However, the slagging erosion furnace lining in the intermediate frequency furnace, especially the high-temperature desulfurization and deoxidation of the reducing slag, has serious erosion of the furnace lining, and greatly reduces the service life of the furnace lining. The basic furnace lining is easy to crack, extremely cold produces more small cracks, slow cooling produces large cracks, the furnace lining needs to be carefully checked before the furnace is opened every time, and remedial measures are taken to avoid the risk of furnace penetration and cause more troubles to production organization and arrangement, and the furnace lining checking and remedying are restricted by the responsibility and the capability of staff.
This example differs from example 1 in that: 1) strictly controlling the phosphorus content of charging materials, adopting high-quality scrap steel for smelting, still adopting low-sulfur phosphorus content or industrial pure alloy for alloying, and not using sponge iron or iron oxide scale for producing oxide slag for dephosphorization when the P content meets the requirement; 2) increase the fluorite proportion in the reducing slag and shorten the time of the reducing slag in the furnace. The amount of fluorite increased by one time or more as that of example 1 to lower the melting point of the reducing slag and to melt the reducing slag quickly. After alloying is finished and before steel tapping, lime, bauxite, fluorite and a deoxidizing agent are added, the temperature is rapidly raised, molten steel is tapped at high temperature, steel slag is mixed out, the tapping temperature is not lower than 1710 ℃, and the time of tapping and stewing for blowing argon or nitrogen at the bottom of a ladle is fully utilized for desulfurization and deoxidation to remove impurities; 3) when the casting ladle is bottom-blown with the inert gas, the reducing slag is manually stirred to promote the interface reaction of the steel slag, and the pressure and the time of the bottom-blown inert gas are the same as those in the example 1. 4) Increase with rheological processing. The modification effect of the modifier is not as good as that of the embodiment 1 when the casting ladle is tapped at high temperature, the process of casting along with rheological treatment is increased, and the modification effect is enhanced. Compared with the embodiment 1, the total amount of the alterant is not changed, only fine particles or powder is adopted along with the rheological agent, the granularity is not more than 1mm, and the using amount accounts for 20-25% of the total amount of the alterant; 4) the intermediate frequency furnace can adopt a neutral furnace lining, thereby avoiding the cracks of the furnace lining, avoiding the furnace penetrating accidents and laying a foundation for the reasonable arrangement and organization of production.
In this example, compared with example 1, the time of the reducing slag in the furnace was short, the erosion of the lining was not serious, and the performance obtained by removing inclusions by the time of high-temperature tapping and in-ladle standing was substantially the same as that of example 1.
Through comparison of a plurality of experimental schemes, the following process principle of the manufacturing method of the double-structure hammerhead is finally determined, and the process is expanded to other products made of similar materials:
1) and (3) smelting pure materials and reducing slag in the intermediate frequency furnace. The hammer head is made of medium carbon CrNiMo alloy and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.45 to 0.55 percent of C, 1.0 to 1.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mo, 1.0 to 1.2 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, and less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S. The charging materials are made of high-quality scrap steel, the alloying is made of low-phosphorus content or industrial pure alloy, and the low-sulfur phosphorus content means that P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent and S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent in the alloy. After alloying is finished, before tapping, lime, bauxite, fluorite and a deoxidizing agent are added to produce reducing slag, the temperature is rapidly raised, molten steel is tapped at high temperature, steel slag is mixed out, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1710 ℃. When the deoxidizer adopts SiCa powder or a silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese composite deoxidizer, the proportion of the materials of the reducing slag is lime: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder (or silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese) = 1.2-1.5: 1: 0.4-1: 0.1-0.3, and the reducing slag material using FeSi powder as a deoxidizing agent is lime: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder = 1.3-1.6: 1: 0.4-1: 0.2-0.5 percent, and the total weight of the reducing slag material is 2-5 percent of the weight of the molten steel. During the temperature rise of the molten steel, the reduction slag cannot be exposed from the stirred molten steel.
2) And (3) melting the scrap steel, and if the P is more than or equal to 0.015%, dephosphorizing by adopting sponge iron or iron oxide scale. At the temperature of 1580-.
3) The modification treatment adopts modification treatment in a pouring ladle and modification treatment along with the flow. The modification treatment in the bag adopts a composite modifier consisting of FeV and FeTi granules and rare earth ferroboron blocks in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size is 2-5 mm. The grain size of the modifier is not more than 1mm, and the compound modifier in the same package is proportioned, and the dosage of the modifier is 20-25% of the total amount of the modifier. The total amount of the alterant is 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the molten steel.
4) And (4) blowing inert gas at the bottom of the pouring ladle for refining. And blowing inert gas into the ladle bottom within the time from tapping to stewing of the reducing slag, stirring the reducing slag, taking the reducing slag out and covering the covering slag within 45-60 seconds when the pressure is limited to ensure that the reducing slag is not exposed from the molten steel.
5) And (5) molding an iron sand shell mold. The molding adopts the iron sand shell mold process, the sand box adopts the cavity wall to follow the shape sand box, the shell mold is positioned by the positioning bottom plate, iron sand is added in a vibration mode, the thickness of the iron sand is 100-plus-150 mm, the heat-insulating layer covers the sand box, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity wall before pouring.
6) And filtering residues and pouring. During pouring, the pouring ladle blocks slag, the sprue ceramic filter screen filters the slag, after pouring and solidification, cooling water in the hollow wall is discharged, and the temperature of the opened box casting is not higher than 300 ℃.
7) And (4) casting heads are removed. The casting head can not be fired when being removed.
8) And (6) heat treatment. And (4) polishing the casting after the preliminary heat treatment and the normalizing, wherein the polishing can not make the casting red. The final heat treatment is quenching and low-temperature tempering. When quenching, the hammer end is immersed into the quenching liquid for cooling, the hammer handle is wrapped by the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer to be exposed out of the surface of the quenching liquid, and the wood plates are folded around the hammer head and fixed on the liquid level. When water is added for quenching, the water temperature is not more than 35 ℃, the water outlet temperature of the casting is not more than 200 ℃, the casting is put into a furnace for low-temperature tempering treatment within 15min after the quenching treatment, the tempering temperature is 220-.
The hardness of the wear-resistant part of the hammer end of the double-structure hammer head produced according to the steps is HRC55-62, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 18.3J/cm 2 So as to obtain the unification of toughness and hardness. The hardness of the hammer handle part is HRC20-25, the tensile strength is not less than 870 Mpa, and the impact toughness is not less than 28.2J/cm 2 . The service life of two trials is determined, the crushing amount is not less than 6430 tons, and the expected purpose is achieved.
Claims (9)
1. A manufacturing method of a double-structure hammer head comprises the following steps:
1) smelting pure materials and reducing slag in an intermediate frequency furnace: high-quality scrap steel is adopted as a charging material, low-phosphorus content or industrial pure alloy is adopted for alloying, lime, bauxite, fluorite and deoxidizer are added to produce reducing slag after alloying is completed and before tapping, the steel slag is heated and mixed out, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1710 ℃; during the temperature rise of the molten steel, the stirred molten steel cannot expose the reducing slag;
2) modification treatment and rheological following treatment in a pouring ladle: the modification treatment in the bag adopts a composite modifier consisting of FeV and FeTi granules and rare earth ferroboron blocks according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the granularity is 2-5 mm; the granularity of the modifier along with the flow is not more than 1mm, and the modifier used in the same package is proportioned, and the using amount of the modifier is 20-25% of the total amount of the modifier; the total amount of the alterant is 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the weight of the molten steel;
3) ladle bottom argon blowing refining: blowing argon into the ladle bottom within the time from tapping to stewing when the reducing slag is tapped, stirring the reducing slag, taking out the reducing slag and covering the covering slag when the pressure is limited to 45-60 seconds when the reducing slag is not exposed in the molten steel;
4) molding an iron sand shell mold: the molding adopts an iron sand shell molding process, the sand box adopts a hollow wall molding sand box, the shell mold is positioned by a positioning bottom plate, iron sand is added in a vibration mode, the thickness of the iron sand is 100 plus 150mm, the sand box is covered with a heat insulation layer, and cooling water is introduced into the hollow wall before casting;
5) and (3) blocking filter residues and pouring: during pouring, stopping slag of a pouring ladle, filtering slag of a sprue ceramic filter screen, emptying cooling water in the hollow wall after pouring solidification, and opening the box to obtain a casting with the temperature not higher than 300 ℃;
6) and (3) heat treatment: the preliminary heat treatment adopts normalizing, and the final heat treatment is quenching and low-temperature tempering; when quenching, the hammer end is immersed in quenching liquid for cooling, the hammer handle is wrapped by the fireproof heat-insulating layer to be exposed out of the surface of the quenching liquid, and the periphery of the board folding hammer head is fixed on the liquid level; the temperature of quenching water inlet water is not more than 35 ℃, the temperature of casting water outlet is not more than 200 ℃, and the casting is put into a furnace for low-temperature tempering treatment within 15min after quenching treatment.
2. The method for manufacturing a two-structure hammer head according to claim 1, wherein: after the scrap steel in the step 1) is melted, if P is more than or equal to 0.015%, dephosphorizing by using sponge iron; at the temperature of 1580-.
3. The method for manufacturing a liner plate of a large-scale semi-autogenous mill according to claim 2, wherein: the sponge iron is replaced by iron scale, and the addition amount of the iron scale is 1-2.5% of the weight of the scrap steel.
4. The method for manufacturing a two-structure hammer head according to claim 1, wherein: when the deoxidizer in the reducing slag in the step 1) adopts SiCa powder or a silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese composite deoxidizer, the material proportion of the reducing slag is lime: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder (or silicon-aluminum-barium-calcium-manganese) = 1.2-1.5: 1: 0.4-1: 0.1 to 0.3; when the deoxidizer uses FeSi powder, the proportion of reducing slag materials is lime: bauxite: fluorite: SiCa powder = 1.3-1.6: 1: 0.4-1: 0.2-0.5 percent, and the total weight of the reducing slag material is 2-5 percent of the weight of the molten steel.
5. The method for manufacturing a two-structure hammer head according to claim 1, wherein: and 3) replacing argon with nitrogen.
6. The method for manufacturing a dual-structure hammer head according to claim 1, wherein: the step 4) is replaced by a negative pressure lost foam process, and the step 5) is replaced by vibration pouring; the negative pressure of the sand box is not more than-0.06 Mpa, the vibration frequency of the vibration pouring table is 150-200Hz, the vibration force is not less than 2 times of the weight of the sand box, and the amplitude is not more than 1 mm; the pouring temperature of the molten steel is not lower than 1570 ℃.
7. The method for manufacturing a two-structure hammer head according to claim 1, wherein: the pouring temperature in the step 5) is not higher than 1560 ℃.
8. The method for manufacturing a two-structure hammer head according to claim 1, wherein: the heating temperature of the normalizing treatment in the step 6) is 890 +/-5 ℃, the quenching heating temperature is 850 +/-5 ℃, the tempering temperature is 220-240 ℃, and the tempering time is not less than 6 h.
9. The double-structure hammer head manufactured by any one of claims 1 to 8 adopts a medium carbon CrNiMo alloy, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.45 to 0.55 percent of C, 1.0 to 1.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.8 to 1.0 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Mo, 1.0 to 1.2 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, and less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S.
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Inventor after: Xing Zhenguo Inventor after: Chang Lianbo Inventor after: Chen Zhenyu Inventor after: Xing Wanli Inventor after: Bai Huabin Inventor after: Liu Miaomiao Inventor after: Wei Ruzan Inventor before: Chang Lianbo Inventor before: Chen Zhenyu Inventor before: Xing Wanli Inventor before: Bai Huabin Inventor before: Liu Miaomiao Inventor before: Wei Ruzan |