WO2012074060A1 - 人工授精用ストロー - Google Patents
人工授精用ストロー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012074060A1 WO2012074060A1 PCT/JP2011/077813 JP2011077813W WO2012074060A1 WO 2012074060 A1 WO2012074060 A1 WO 2012074060A1 JP 2011077813 W JP2011077813 W JP 2011077813W WO 2012074060 A1 WO2012074060 A1 WO 2012074060A1
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- layer
- straw
- semen
- dilution
- artificial insemination
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D19/00—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation
- A61D19/02—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation for artificial insemination
- A61D19/022—Containers for animal semen, e.g. pouches or vials ; Methods or apparatus for treating or handling animal semen containers, e.g. filling or closing
- A61D19/024—Tube-like containers, e.g. straws
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an artificial insemination straw including a dilution layer, an isolation layer, and a semen storage layer used in artificial insemination.
- the penetration rate of artificial insemination is almost 100% in Japan.
- the conception rate of cattle has been decreasing year by year.
- the initial conception rate was 62.4%, and in 1 to 3 times, the conception rate was 62%.
- the initial conception rate was 46. 1%, decreased to 44.6% at 1 to 3 conception rates.
- Various factors can be considered to decrease the conception rate, and stress due to high milk production of dairy cows can be considered.
- Frozen semen dispensed into straw semen tubes is generally used for artificial insemination of livestock.
- a straw semen tube for cryopreservation is prepared by diluting semen into a primary dilution for cryopreservation, and then diluting with a secondary dilution obtained by adding a cryoprotectant to the primary dilution and filling the straw. It is obtained and stored frozen in liquid nitrogen (Non-patent Document 1).
- Non-patent Document 1 Conventionally, a single-layer type straw including only a single semen storage layer has been used, but recently, a semen filling apparatus capable of filling two layers has been developed (Patent Document 1).
- This semen filling device that can fill two layers has the same cryopreservation solution as the cryopreservation solution of the semen preservation layer on the cotton plug side to prevent the loss of semen due to the semen preservation layer coming into contact with the cotton plug. It was something to do.
- the components of semen dilutions used for freezing semen have been improved for the purpose of improving sperm survival rate and fertilization activity after freezing and thawing.
- egg yolk preservatives mainly composed of egg yolk As dilution liquids, egg yolk preservatives mainly composed of egg yolk, sugar and buffer and milk preservatives mainly composed of milk are generally known, and egg yolk preservatives are widely used worldwide. It has been. Egg yolk has effects such as low-temperature shock mitigation, cell membrane protection, and maintenance of sperm survival, and these effects are thought to be due to lipoproteins and phospholipids in egg yolk.
- various cryopreservatives (Patent Document 2) and sperm activators (Patent Document 3) for increasing the fertilization rate have been studied in order to prevent sperm frost damage. In the process of freezing and thawing, since salts adversely affect sperm, salts are generally not added to a diluting solution for freezing.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the conception rate by improving the conventional artificial insemination straw.
- the present inventors introduced an isolation layer into the artificial insemination straw.
- the layers are separated, and artificial insemination is performed so that one side contains a semen preservation layer consisting of an aqueous solution containing semen and antifreeze, and the other side contains a dilution layer consisting of an aqueous solution containing at least one of a buffer, sugar or salt
- a semen preservation layer consisting of an aqueous solution containing semen and antifreeze
- a dilution layer consisting of an aqueous solution containing at least one of a buffer, sugar or salt
- the present invention encompasses the following inventions: [1] A semen comprising a straw and a dilute layer comprising an aqueous solution containing at least one of a buffer, a sugar or a salt, disposed in the cavity of the straw; an isolation layer; and an aqueous solution containing semen and antifreeze An artificial insemination straw comprising a storage layer, wherein a dilution layer and a semen storage layer are separated by a separation layer. [2] The artificial insemination straw according to [1], wherein the dilution layer: the semen storage layer is 3: 2 to 1: 4.
- An artificial insemination straw comprising a dilution layer comprising an aqueous solution containing at least one of a buffer, a sugar or a salt separated by an isolation layer in the straw cavity and a semen storage layer comprising an aqueous solution containing semen and antifreeze
- a dilution layer comprising an aqueous solution containing at least one of a buffer, a sugar or a salt separated by an isolation layer in the straw cavity
- a semen storage layer comprising an aqueous solution containing semen and antifreeze
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an artificial insemination straw including a dilution layer + isolation layer + semen storage layer in a straw cavity containing a cotton plug.
- FIG. 2 shows an artificial insemination straw including a dilution layer, an isolation layer and a semen storage layer in a straw cavity, and the artificial insemination straw obtained by changing the dilution layer to various aqueous solutions is frozen and thawed.
- It is a graph which shows the rate of the sperm which has survived and has a normal acrosome. As a dilution layer, it is shown that the percentage of sperm that survives most and has normal acrosomes is high when TCGN is used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an artificial insemination straw including a dilution layer + isolation layer + semen storage layer in a straw cavity containing a cotton plug.
- FIG. 2 shows an artificial insemination straw including a dilution layer, an isolation
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing sperm motility after the artificial insemination straw was frozen and thawed by changing the ratio between the TCGN dilution layer and the semen storage layer in the straw cavity.
- the length of the TCGN diluted layer + the length of the semen storage layer 80 mm, the length of the semen storage layer was changed to 4 to 72 mm, and the sperm motility after thawing was examined.
- the TCGN dilution layer: semen preservation layer 2: 3 to 4: 1 shows excellent sperm motility, and particularly 1: 1 indicates that the motility is most excellent.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a conception test in heifers.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the conception test in parous cows.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing experimental results separately showing the results of the conception test for heifers and the results of the conception test for each calf.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the normal rate of acrosomes in semen in an artificial insemination straw thawed after cryopreservation.
- FIG. 8 shows a straw for artificial insemination including a glycerin-added egg yolk tris sugar (ETG) layer + isolation layer + semen storage layer, TCGN dilution layer + isolation layer + semen storage layer, or semen storage layer (single layer) in the straw cavity
- ESG egg yolk tris sugar
- EMG egg yolk tris sugar
- the present invention relates to a straw and a diluted layer (1) which is disposed in the cavity of the straw, and comprises an aqueous solution containing at least one of a buffer, a sugar or a salt; (2) a separating layer; and (3)
- the present invention relates to an artificial insemination straw comprising a semen storage layer comprising an aqueous solution containing semen and an antifreezing agent, wherein the dilution layer and the semen storage layer are separated by a separation layer.
- the straw used for the artificial insemination straw of the present invention can be manufactured with any material, it is a disposable cylindrical tube, for example, a plastic cylindrical tube such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- straws of any length and diameter are used, many of the commercially available straws are 133 mm long and have a diameter of 1.95 mm or 2.85 mm.
- Liquid or gas that becomes a dilution layer, isolation layer, and semen storage layer is sequentially injected into a straw containing a cotton plug, and is sealed by thermocompression bonding using ultrasonic waves.
- save layer can also be dispensed manually, it can be filled using the filling apparatus described in patent document 1, for example. After sealing, it is frozen with liquid nitrogen vapor over 7-10 minutes and immersed in liquid nitrogen for storage.
- the capacity of the straw used for the artificial insemination straw of the present invention may be any capacity as long as it is used for artificial insemination, for example, 0.25 to 5 ml.
- the capacity of the straw is changed depending on the animal species, and from the viewpoint of freezing the semen of cattle and dogs, a straw volume of 0.25 to 0.5 ml is preferable.
- One end of the straw is sealed with a plug such as a cotton plug, and is placed in the order of the dilution layer, the isolation layer, and the semen storage layer, and the other end is sealed by thermocompression bonding or the like. .
- the dilution layer or semen storage layer and the sealing part may be in contact with each other or may be separated by a gas layer.
- the order of the dilution layer and the semen preservation layer may be interchanged.
- a multilayer straw including a dilution layer, an isolation layer, and a semen storage layer is shown, but a multilayer straw including two or more dilution layers and a semen storage layer may be used.
- the buffer is Tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) and citric acid
- the sugar is glucose
- the salt is sodium chloride.
- a diluted layer is referred to herein as a TCGN diluted layer.
- the diluted layer does not contain glycerin.
- the osmotic pressure of the aqueous solution of the diluted layer of the present invention may be any osmotic pressure as long as it can maintain the fertilization activity of sperm, but is usually 230 to 400 mOsm. This range is specified by Non-Patent Document 2 as a range in which the sperm motor activity can be maintained.
- the osmotic pressure of the aqueous solution in the dilution layer is 260 to 350 mOsm, more preferably 280 to 330 mOsm. 295 to 320 mOsm is particularly preferable.
- the osmotic pressure can be calculated from the solute concentration, the degree of dissociation, and the like, but is determined using an osmometer (osmometer) in consideration of the interaction of substances constituting the solution.
- the glucose concentration and sodium chloride concentration in the aqueous solution of the dilution layer of the present invention are determined so that the osmotic pressure of the aqueous solution is in the above range.
- the glucose concentration is 5 mM to 100 mM, preferably 10 mM to 50 mM.
- the sodium chloride concentration is 50 to 200 mM, preferably 50 to 150 mM, more preferably 50 to 100 mM.
- the pH of the aqueous solution of the dilution layer of the present invention may be any pH as long as it is in a pH range that is not toxic to sperm, for example, 6.0 to 8.0. Preferably, it is 6.4 to 7.5, and more preferably 6.8 to 7.2.
- the concentrations of tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) and citric acid in the aqueous solution of the diluted layer of the present invention are determined so that the final pH of the aqueous solution falls within the above pH range. More specifically, the concentration of tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) of the present invention is 50 to 300 mM, preferably 75 to 200 mM.
- the citric acid concentration is 20 to 100 mM, preferably 25 to 75 mM.
- the dilution layer of the present invention is preferably made of an aqueous solution containing tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane), citric acid, glucose and sodium chloride, but tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) can be used as long as the desired pH is achieved.
- buffers instead of citric acid can be used.
- any buffer that has a buffering action near neutrality can be selected.
- Good buffer such as female, hepes, tes, and tricine, phosphate buffer, citrate buffer Acetate buffer, carbonate buffer, and the like.
- glucose is a substance that serves as an energy source for sperm, but can be replaced with other sugars or energy sources that can be used by sperm.
- xylose rhamulose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, meletulose, stachyose, dextrin, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-glucuronic acid and the like.
- sodium chloride other salts such as potassium chloride, sodium glutamate, potassium glutamate, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, Sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and the like may be used.
- the aqueous solution of the diluted layer of the present invention may further contain an activator that activates sperm.
- activators include catechin, caffeine, theophylline, pentoxyphyllin, procaine, imidazole, sodium pyruvate, hypotaurine, polyphenol, L-glutamine, SOD, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoids , Spermine, ⁇ -carotene, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, carnitine, albumin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, glucose phosphate D dehydrogenase and the like.
- Activator is included in a dilution layer separated by a semen preservation layer and an isolation layer, and activated when injected into the internal uterine ostium or uterine cavity after thawing without activating sperm before freezing Can be promoted. This makes it possible to activate at an appropriate timing without wasting sperm energy in the stage before freezing.
- the aqueous solution in the diluted layer may contain antibiotics for storage.
- the aqueous solution containing or not containing the active agent that can be used in the dilution layer of the present invention can be added during artificial insemination separately from the artificial insemination straw of the present invention.
- a single-layer artificial insemination straw containing a semen preservation layer is thawed and injected with an aqueous solution that can be used for the dilution layer of the present invention before or after being injected into the internal uterine ostium or uterine cavity of a cow.
- the aqueous solution of the dilution layer and the aqueous solution of the semen preservation layer may be mixed in the uterus of the cow.
- the isolation layer is any solid, liquid or gas layer that prevents the dilution layer and semen storage layer from coming into direct contact and mixing.
- preferred isolation layers include air, inert gases such as nitrogen and rare gases, oils (vegetable oils, animal oils), liquids such as organic solvents that separate from water, and solids that form partitions made of any substance. Is mentioned.
- the gas or liquid isolation layer may be solidified depending on the cryopreservation temperature.
- the length of the isolation layer may be any length as long as the dilution layer and the semen storage layer can be separated. From the viewpoint of the length and inner diameter of the artificial insemination straw, for example, a length of 0.5 cm to 2 cm is used. A length of 1 cm is generally used.
- the length of each layer refers to the length in the longitudinal direction of the straw. Since the inner diameter of the straw is usually constant, the “length” of each layer is proportional to the volume of each layer.
- the semen preservation layer consists of an aqueous solution containing semen and a freezing agent.
- This aqueous solution may be any cryopreservation solution as long as it is a cryopreservation solution used for cryopreserving semen.
- a cryopreservation solution using egg yolk, milk, soybean lecithin or the like is used as a semen cryopreservation solution.
- the egg yolk cryopreservation solution includes, for example, an aqueous solution of sodium citrate and egg yolk of egg yolk, tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane), citric acid, lactose, raffinose, egg yolk tris sugar solution containing egg yolk, and antibiotics (for example, penicillin) And streptomycin, etc.) and an appropriate reagent.
- the egg yolk tris sugar solution has a tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) concentration of 75 to 200 mM, preferably 100 to 150 mM, a citric acid concentration of 25 to 75 mM, preferably 30 to 60 mM, and a lactose concentration of 10 to 100 mM, preferably 25.
- Non-patent Document 1 glycerin-added egg yolk tris sugar solution in which glycerin is added to egg yolk tris sugar solution to a concentration of 6.5% is a classified semen straw (Sort90) for male and female production sold by the Japan Livestock Improvement Corporation. It is used in frozen semen straws and can be obtained from Sort90.
- the milk-based cryopreservation solution is an aqueous solution obtained by adding a buffer, antibiotics, etc. to heat-sterilized whole milk or skim milk. Although these aqueous solutions need to be appropriately changed according to the animal species, cryopreservation solutions suitable for cattle, pigs, goats, horses and other mammals are known (Non-patent Document 1). .
- the antifreezing agent contained in the semen preservation layer is a drug that prevents the contraction and intracellular freezing of cells by substituting with free water in the cells, and prevents the denaturation of cellular constituent proteins due to the concentration of intracellular salts.
- the freezing agent can suppress the amount of ice in the extracellular fluid due to freezing and can alleviate physical damage during freezing and thawing processes, the freezing agent's toxicity appears depending on the concentration.
- dilute raw semen with primary dilution that does not contain antifreeze and then gradually dilute into secondary dilution with antifreeze. Semen is stored frozen.
- the primary diluent and the secondary diluent differ only in whether or not they contain a freezing agent.
- any antifreezing agent suitable for semen cryopreservation can be used.
- glycerin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol, or a mixed solution thereof can be used.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- ethylene glycol or a mixed solution thereof can be used.
- glycerin is preferable.
- the volume ratio of the dilution layer to the semen storage layer in the straw of the present invention may be any ratio.
- the dilution layer: semen storage layer is preferably in the range of 3: 2 to 1: 4, and more preferably in the range of 3: 2 to 1: 2. Most preferred is 1: 1.
- the number of spermatozoa contained in the semen storage layer contained in the artificial insemination straw of the present invention may be any number as long as sufficient fertility can be maintained, but usually the fertility rate increases as the sperm number increases.
- the composition of the present invention that is, artificial insemination including a dilution layer composed of an aqueous solution containing at least one of a buffer, sugar or salt in the straw cavity, an isolation layer, and a semen storage layer Since it is considered that the effect produced by the drinking straw can be examined more clearly, in the examples described later, experiments are performed with about 3 million sperm per straw.
- the number of sperm contained in the straw for artificial insemination of the present invention is not limited to 3 million, for example, about 1 million, about 3 million, about 5 million, about 7 million per straw, About 10 million or more sperm may be included. Among them, it is preferable to contain more than about 3 million sperm.
- the semen contained in the artificial insemination straw of the present invention is semen derived from any animal as long as the animal is subjected to artificial insemination.
- animals on which artificial insemination is performed include any mammals including humans, such as livestock animals, pet animals, zoo animals, and laboratory animals.
- domestic animals include horses, sheep, cows, pigs, goats, and examples of pet animals include dogs, cats, rabbits, and the like.
- the present invention also relates to an artificial insemination straw containing a semen of a species such as a panda that is feared to be extinct as a zoo animal.
- Another aspect of the present invention also relates to an artificial insemination method using the artificial insemination straw of the present application.
- the artificial insemination straw according to the present invention is melted in a warm bath at 30 to 40 ° C., and after melting, is loaded into a plastic syringe (for example, Kasugagan) and injected into the inner uterine ostium or uterine cavity of a cow at the end of estrus.
- a plastic syringe for example, Kasugagan
- the conception rate is improved.
- the aqueous solution of the semen preservation layer containing the antifreezing agent can be used to inject the antifreezing agent when injected into the internal uterine ostium or uterine cavity after thawing.
- Dilution with an aqueous solution of a dilution layer that does not contain the effect of reducing the toxicity of the cryoprotectant, preventing overcooling of the semen storage layer due to the ice-planting effect of the dilution layer, and the energy source of sperm It is conceivable that glucose to be supplied is supplied at an appropriate timing, that is, when it is injected into the internal uterine ostium or uterine cavity.
- Example 1 Preparation of TCGN diluted solution, egg yolk tris sugar solution (ET solution), glycerin-added egg yolk tris sugar solution (ETG solution), sperm washing solution 17.031 g of tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), 9.519 g of citric acid monohydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), 3.000 g of glucose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), and 4.625 g of sodium chloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), and another 1 million IU / 4.
- EMG egg yolk tris sugar solution
- the sperm washing solution was prepared by dissolving 0.3 g of bovine serum albumin (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) in the TCGN diluted solution prepared above to make 100 ml.
- Example 2 In accordance with work made by a conventional method of straw for artificial insemination, the original semen 10 ⁇ l taken from male cattle and ReagentS100 in diluted 400 times to be used in the Nucleo Counter SP-100 (chemometec Co., Ltd.), to measure the number of sperm, original semen The sperm concentration of was measured. Depending on the sperm concentration, the original semen was diluted with egg yolk tris sugar solution (ET solution), which is the primary dilution of semen, to a sperm count of about 40 million per ml. The primary diluted semen thus obtained was diluted with a secondary dilution of semen at a volume ratio of 1: 1 to obtain a glycerin egg yolk tris sugar solution (ETG) containing about 20 million sperm per ml.
- EDG glycerin egg yolk tris sugar solution
- a single-layer artificial insemination straw was prepared by injecting 450 ⁇ l of secondary diluted semen into a straw with a cotton plug. These artificial insemination straws were frozen by applying liquid nitrogen vapor over 7 to 10 minutes and stored by immersing in liquid nitrogen.
- Example 3 Influence of the type of diluent in the dilution layer on the rate of sperm having survival and normal acrosomes after freezing and thawing
- a TCGN 2-fold dilution As an aqueous solution of the dilution layer, in addition to the TCGN dilution, a TCGN 2-fold dilution, The effectiveness of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), physiological saline, G100 mM (glucose 100 mM), and glycerin-added yolk tris sugar solution was tested.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- G100 mM glucose 100 mM
- glycerin-added yolk tris sugar solution was tested.
- an artificial insemination straw including a diluted layer composed of these diluted solutions, an air separating layer, and a semen storage layer was prepared and melted at 38 ° C. according to a conventional method.
- the entire contents of the straw were transferred to a polystyrene conical tube, stirred well, and then washed twice by centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature using a sperm washing solution. Thereafter, the washed sperm was adjusted to 10 million / ml, 2 ⁇ g / ml PI (Sigma) and 2 ⁇ g / ml PNA-FITC (Sigma) were added and incubated at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes. Next, centrifugal cleaning was performed once at 3000 rpm using a sperm cleaning solution at room temperature for 5 minutes.
- Example 4 Effect of ratio of TCGN dilution layer and semen preservation layer on artificial insemination straw including TCGN dilution layer, isolation layer, and semen preservation layer in straw cavity on sperm motility after freezing and thawing Cotton plug
- An artificial insemination straw containing a TCGN dilution layer, a semen storage layer, and a 10 mm air isolation layer as an isolation layer was prepared in the plastic straws contained in the ratios shown in the following table.
- These artificial insemination straws are frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen according to a conventional method, and after thawing, only the portion of the artificial insemination straw is transferred to a conical tube, and sperm movement is performed at 38 ° C. using CASA. Sex was tested.
- Motility was shown by the ratio of sperm that moved 50 ⁇ m or more per second (Rapid (%)).
- the experimental results are shown in FIG.
- the length of the semen storage layer is 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 mm, that is, when the TCGN dilution layer: semen storage layer is in the range of 3: 2 to 1: 4, the sperm motility after thawing is It was shown to be expensive.
- TCGN dilution layer: semen preservation layer 1: 1, sperm motility after thawing was the highest.
- Example 5 Artificial Insemination Straw Using an Artificial Insemination Straw Containing TCGN Dilution Layer, Isolation Layer, and Semen Storage Layer in Straw Cavity Artificial Containing TCGN Dilution Layer, Air Isolation Layer, and Semen Storage Layer in Straw Cavity Insemination straws, and artificial insemination straws containing a glycerin-added egg yolk tris sugar solution dilution layer, air isolation layer, and semen preservation layer in a straw cavity as a control, are melted at 38 ° C. according to a conventional method, and are made of plastic. It was loaded into a vessel and injected into the inner uterine ostium or uterine cavity of a cow in the late estrus. After injection, the presence or absence of conception was examined by the non-return method or the fetal membrane palpation method (60 days), and the conception rate was measured.
- Fig. 6 shows the results of the fertilization test results (from 382 in the test area and 387 in the control area) divided into each parti- cal and each product from 2001 to 2010.
- the improvement of the conception rate was observed in the test plots for all of the puerperium and each production.
- the test plot showed a significant improvement in conception rate compared to the control plot (chi-square test: P ⁇ 0.1). ).
- Example 6 Measurement of normal rate of sperm acrosomes after freezing and thawing of an artificial insemination straw (1) Cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (1) Glycerin-added egg yolk tris sugar solution dilution layer and air isolation layer in the straw cavity Straw for artificial insemination including semen storage layer (ETG layer + isolation layer + semen storage layer), (2) TCGN dilution layer, air isolation layer, and semen storage layer (TCGN layer + isolation layer + semen storage) in the straw cavity
- the artificial insemination straw containing (layer) and (3) the artificial insemination straw containing a single layer of semen storage layer (450 ⁇ l) in the straw cavity were thawed at 38 ° C. according to a conventional method.
- Example 7 Measurement of effect of supercooling during freezing of artificial insemination straw (1) Glycerin-added egg yolk tris sugar solution dilution layer, air isolation layer and semen preservation layer (ETG layer + isolation layer + in the straw cavity) (2) Artificial insemination straw including a TCGN dilution layer, an air isolation layer, and a semen storage layer (TCGN layer + isolation layer + semen storage layer) in the straw cavity, and (3) The artificial insemination straw containing a single-layered semen preservation layer (450 ⁇ l) in the straw cavity was frozen by applying it to liquid nitrogen vapor according to a conventional method.
- the semen monolayer straw is changed to a multi-layer including a dilution layer, an isolation layer and a semen preservation layer, and glycerin is removed from the dilution solution to minimize sperm damage due to supercooling. It was shown that As a result of the decrease in supercooling, the normal rate of acrosome of Example 6 is considered to have improved. The prevention of overcooling is thought to be due to the ice planting effect by the first lyophilized dilution layer not containing glycerin.
- the dilution solution passes through the straw first, so that a small amount of the dilution solution freezes in the straw lumen and freezes the semen storage layer. It is thought to promote.
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Abstract
Description
[1] ストローと、前記ストローの腔内に配置された、緩衝剤、糖又は塩のいずれか一つ以上を含む水溶液からなる希釈層;隔離層;及び精液及び耐凍剤を含む水溶液からなる精液保存層とを含み、希釈層と精液保存層とが隔離層により隔てられている、人工授精用ストロー。
[2] 前記希釈層:前記精液保存層が、3:2~1:4である、[1]に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[3] 前記希釈層:前記精液保存層が3:2~1:2である[1]又は[2]に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[4] 前記希釈層:前記精液保存層が1:1である、[3]に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[5] 前記希釈層の水溶液が、グリセリンを含有しない、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[6] 前記希釈層の緩衝剤がトリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)及びクエン酸であり、糖がグルコースであり、そして塩が塩化ナトリウムである、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[7] 前記希釈層の水溶液の浸透圧が、230~400mOsmである、[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[8] 前記希釈層の水溶液のpHが6.4~7.5である、[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[9] 前記グルコース濃度が10mM~50mMであり、塩化ナトリウム濃度が50~100mMである、[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[10] 前記希釈層が、卵黄及び耐凍剤を含まない、[1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[11] 前記トリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)が140.6mM、前記クエン酸が45.3mM、前記グルコースが16.7mM、前記塩化ナトリウムが79.1mMである、[1]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[12] 前記ストローの容量が、0.25~0.5mlである、[1]~[11]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[13] 前記精液が、哺乳動物の精液である、[1]~[12]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[14] 前記精液が、ウシ又はイヌの精液である、[1]~[13]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[15] 前記希釈層の水溶液にさらに精子運動活性剤を含んでなる、[1]~[14]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[16] 前記人工授精用ストローが、凍結されている、[1]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
17.031gのトリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)(和光純薬工業)、9.519gのクエン酸一水和物(和光純薬工業)、3.000gのグルコース(和光純薬工業)、及び4.625gの塩化ナトリウム(和光純薬工業)、さらに100万IU/4.6mlSPUFのペニシリンGカリウム(万有製薬)を3ml、1000mg力価/4.3mlSPUFのストレプトマイシン(明治製菓)を3ml加え、蒸留水で1000mlにメスアップして、140.6mMのトリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)、45.3mMのクエン酸、16.7mMのグルコース、79.1mMの塩化ナトリウムを含む水溶液(TCGN希釈液)を得た。
常法に従い、牡ウシから採取した原精液10μlをNucleo Counter SP-100(chemometec社)で用いるReagentS100で400倍希釈し、精子数を計測し、原精液の精子濃度を測定した。精子濃度に応じて原精液を、精液の一次希釈液である卵黄トリス糖液(ET液)で1mlあたり約4000万の精子数となるように希釈した。こうして得られた一次希釈精液を精液の二次希釈液で1:1の体積比で希釈し、1mlあたり約2000万の精子数を含むグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液(ETG)を得た。
希釈層の水溶液として、TCGN希釈液の他に、TCGN2倍希釈液、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)、生理食塩水、G100mM(グルコース100mM)、グリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液について、その有効性を試験した。具体的には、これらの希釈液からなる希釈層、空気の隔離層、精液保存層を含む人工授精用ストローを作製し、常法に従い38℃で融解した。ストローの中身をポリスチレンコニカルチューブに全量移し入れ、よく撹拌後、精子洗浄液を用いて室温、5分間、2000rpmで2回遠心洗浄を行った。その後、洗浄した精子を1000万/mlに調整し、2μg/mlのPI(Sigma)及び2μg/mlのPNA-FITC(Sigma)を加えて25℃で10分間インキュベーションした。次に、精子洗浄液を用いて室温、5分間、3000rpmで1回遠心洗浄を行った。そして、フローサイトメーター(Cell Lab Quanta SC、ベックマン)を用いて、1サンプルあたり2万個の精子について生存し、かつ正常なアクロソームを有する精子の率を測定した。PIで染色されない精子は生存精子と判定し、PNA-FITCで染色されない精子はアクロソーム正常精子と判定した。測定結果を図2として示す。TCGN希釈液を希釈層とする人工授精用ストローにおいて、最も生存し、かつ正常なアクロソームを有する精子の率が高かった。また、生理食塩水を希釈層とする人工授精用ストローにおいても、生存し、かつ正常なアクロソームを有する率が高かった。
綿栓を入れたプラスチック製ストロー中に、下記の表に記載される比でTCGN希釈層と精液保存層、並びに隔離層として10mmの空気の隔離層を含む人工授精用ストローを作製した。
ストロー腔内にTCGN希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層を含む人工授精用ストロー、並びに対照としてストロー腔内にグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層を含む人工授精用ストローを常法に従い、38℃で融解させ、プラスチック製の注入器に装填し、発情末期の牝ウシの内子宮口又は子宮体腔内に注入した。注入後、ノンリターン法又は胎膜触知法(60日)で受胎の有無を調べ、受胎率を測定した。
液体窒素中で凍結保存されている(1)ストロー腔内にグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液希釈層と空気の隔離層と精液保存層(ETG層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、(2)ストロー腔内にTCGN希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層(TCGN層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、(3)ストロー腔内に単層の精液保存層(450μl)を含む人工授精用ストローを常法に従い、38℃で融解した。ストローの中身をポリスチレンコニカルチューブに全量移し入れ、よく撹拌後、精液5~10μlをスライドグラスに載せ塗沫をし、2~3時間風乾し、ギムザ染色を行い、300~500個の精子について、形態を検査して、アクロソーム正常率を測定した。測定結果を図7に示す。
(1)ストロー腔内にグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液希釈層と空気の隔離層と精液保存層(ETG層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、(2)ストロー腔内にTCGN希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層(TCGN層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、及び(3)ストロー腔内に単層の精液保存層(450μl)を含む人工授精用ストローを、常法に従い、液体窒素蒸気にあてて凍結を行った。この際、精液保存層に対して温度センサーを入れて、精液保存層の過冷却の時間及び凝固開始温度を測定した。結果をそれぞれ図8及び図9に示す。単層精液保存層のストローにおいて、最も過冷却の時間が長く(図8)、かつ凝固開始温度が低かった(図9)。隔離層を導入して精液保存層と希釈層を分離することにより、過冷却時間が短くなり、凝固開始温度が上がり、さらに希釈液からグリセリンを除くことにより、さらに過冷却時間が短くなり、凝固開始温度が上昇した。この実験により、精液単層のストローから、希釈層、隔離層及び精液保存層を含む複層に変更し、また希釈液からグリセリンを除くことにより、過冷却による精子の損傷を最小限にすることができることが示された。過冷却の減少の結果として、実施例6のアクロソーム正常率が向上したと考えられる。過冷却の防止は、グリセリンを含まない希釈層が先に氷結することにより植氷効果によるものと考えられる。希釈層と精液保存層との間には空気の隔離層があるものの、希釈液が先にストローを通過するため、ストロー内腔に微量に付着した希釈液が氷結し、精液保存層の氷結を促進すると考えられる。
Claims (6)
- ストローと、前記ストローの腔内に配置された、
緩衝剤、糖又は塩のいずれか一つ以上を含む水溶液からなる希釈層;
隔離層;及び
精液及び耐凍剤を含む水溶液からなる精液保存層
とを含み、希釈層と精液保存層とが隔離層により隔てられており、希釈層:精液保存層の体積比率が、3:2~1:4である、人工授精用ストロー。 - 前記希釈層が、グリセリンを含まない、請求項1に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記希釈層において、前記緩衝剤が、トリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)及びクエン酸を含み、前記糖が、グルコースを含み、かつ前記塩が、塩化ナトリウムを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記希釈層の水溶液の浸透圧が230~400mOsm、かつpH6.4~7.5である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記人工授精用ストローの液量が、0.25~0.5mlである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記精液が、ウシ又はイヌの精液である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
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CA2820677A CA2820677C (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Artificial insemination straw |
US13/990,987 US9339360B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Artificial insemination straw |
JP2012546938A JP5738314B2 (ja) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | 人工授精用ストロー |
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WO2018038115A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-03-01 | 株式会社バイオベルデ | ウシ生殖細胞の凍結保存用組成物及び凍結保存方法 |
US20230292743A1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2023-09-21 | Imv Technologies | Method for increasing the lifespan and motility of animal sperm using an inhibitor of Slo3 potassium channel |
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US20230292743A1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2023-09-21 | Imv Technologies | Method for increasing the lifespan and motility of animal sperm using an inhibitor of Slo3 potassium channel |
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US20130267771A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
JPWO2012074060A1 (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
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CA2820677A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
CA2820677C (en) | 2017-03-28 |
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