JP5738314B2 - 人工授精用ストロー - Google Patents
人工授精用ストロー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5738314B2 JP5738314B2 JP2012546938A JP2012546938A JP5738314B2 JP 5738314 B2 JP5738314 B2 JP 5738314B2 JP 2012546938 A JP2012546938 A JP 2012546938A JP 2012546938 A JP2012546938 A JP 2012546938A JP 5738314 B2 JP5738314 B2 JP 5738314B2
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- straw
- semen
- artificial insemination
- dilution
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D19/00—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation
- A61D19/02—Instruments or methods for reproduction or fertilisation for artificial insemination
- A61D19/022—Containers for animal semen, e.g. pouches or vials ; Methods or apparatus for treating or handling animal semen containers, e.g. filling or closing
- A61D19/024—Tube-like containers, e.g. straws
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Description
[1] ストローと、前記ストローの腔内に配置された、緩衝剤、糖又は塩のいずれか一つ以上を含む水溶液からなる希釈層;隔離層;及び精液及び耐凍剤を含む水溶液からなる精液保存層とを含み、希釈層と精液保存層とが隔離層により隔てられている、人工授精用ストロー。
[2] 前記希釈層:前記精液保存層が、3:2〜1:4である、[1]に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[3] 前記希釈層:前記精液保存層が3:2〜1:2である[1]又は[2]に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[4] 前記希釈層:前記精液保存層が1:1である、[3]に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[5] 前記希釈層の水溶液が、グリセリンを含有しない、[1]〜[4]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[6] 前記希釈層の緩衝剤がトリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)及びクエン酸であり、糖がグルコースであり、そして塩が塩化ナトリウムである、[1]〜[5]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[7] 前記希釈層の水溶液の浸透圧が、230〜400mOsmである、[1]〜[6]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[8] 前記希釈層の水溶液のpHが6.4〜7.5である、[1]〜[7]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[9] 前記グルコース濃度が10mM〜50mMであり、塩化ナトリウム濃度が50〜100mMである、[1]〜[8]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[10] 前記希釈層が、卵黄及び耐凍剤を含まない、[1]〜[9]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[11] 前記トリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)が140.6mM、前記クエン酸が45.3mM、前記グルコースが16.7mM、前記塩化ナトリウムが79.1mMである、[1]〜[10]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[12] 前記ストローの容量が、0.25〜0.5mlである、[1]〜[11]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[13] 前記精液が、哺乳動物の精液である、[1]〜[12]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[14] 前記精液が、ウシ又はイヌの精液である、[1]〜[13]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[15] 前記希釈層の水溶液にさらに精子運動活性剤を含んでなる、[1]〜[14]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
[16] 前記人工授精用ストローが、凍結されている、[1]〜[15]のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
17.031gのトリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)(和光純薬工業)、9.519gのクエン酸一水和物(和光純薬工業)、3.000gのグルコース(和光純薬工業)、及び4.625gの塩化ナトリウム(和光純薬工業)、さらに100万IU/4.6mlSPUFのペニシリンGカリウム(万有製薬)を3ml、1000mg力価/4.3mlSPUFのストレプトマイシン(明治製菓)を3ml加え、蒸留水で1000mlにメスアップして、140.6mMのトリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)、45.3mMのクエン酸、16.7mMのグルコース、79.1mMの塩化ナトリウムを含む水溶液(TCGN希釈液)を得た。
常法に従い、牡ウシから採取した原精液10μlをNucleo Counter SP−100(chemometec社)で用いるReagentS100で400倍希釈し、精子数を計測し、原精液の精子濃度を測定した。精子濃度に応じて原精液を、精液の一次希釈液である卵黄トリス糖液(ET液)で1mlあたり約4000万の精子数となるように希釈した。こうして得られた一次希釈精液を精液の二次希釈液で1:1の体積比で希釈し、1mlあたり約2000万の精子数を含むグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液(ETG)を得た。
希釈層の水溶液として、TCGN希釈液の他に、TCGN2倍希釈液、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)、生理食塩水、G100mM(グルコース100mM)、グリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液について、その有効性を試験した。具体的には、これらの希釈液からなる希釈層、空気の隔離層、精液保存層を含む人工授精用ストローを作製し、常法に従い38℃で融解した。ストローの中身をポリスチレンコニカルチューブに全量移し入れ、よく撹拌後、精子洗浄液を用いて室温、5分間、2000rpmで2回遠心洗浄を行った。その後、洗浄した精子を1000万/mlに調整し、2μg/mlのPI(Sigma)及び2μg/mlのPNA−FITC(Sigma)を加えて25℃で10分間インキュベーションした。次に、精子洗浄液を用いて室温、5分間、3000rpmで1回遠心洗浄を行った。そして、フローサイトメーター(Cell Lab Quanta SC、ベックマン)を用いて、1サンプルあたり2万個の精子について生存し、かつ正常なアクロソームを有する精子の率を測定した。PIで染色されない精子は生存精子と判定し、PNA−FITCで染色されない精子はアクロソーム正常精子と判定した。測定結果を図2として示す。TCGN希釈液を希釈層とする人工授精用ストローにおいて、最も生存し、かつ正常なアクロソームを有する精子の率が高かった。また、生理食塩水を希釈層とする人工授精用ストローにおいても、生存し、かつ正常なアクロソームを有する率が高かった。
綿栓を入れたプラスチック製ストロー中に、下記の表に記載される比でTCGN希釈層と精液保存層、並びに隔離層として10mmの空気の隔離層を含む人工授精用ストローを作製した。
ストロー腔内にTCGN希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層を含む人工授精用ストロー、並びに対照としてストロー腔内にグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層を含む人工授精用ストローを常法に従い、38℃で融解させ、プラスチック製の注入器に装填し、発情末期の牝ウシの内子宮口又は子宮体腔内に注入した。注入後、ノンリターン法又は胎膜触知法(60日)で受胎の有無を調べ、受胎率を測定した。
液体窒素中で凍結保存されている(1)ストロー腔内にグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液希釈層と空気の隔離層と精液保存層(ETG層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、(2)ストロー腔内にTCGN希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層(TCGN層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、(3)ストロー腔内に単層の精液保存層(450μl)を含む人工授精用ストローを常法に従い、38℃で融解した。ストローの中身をポリスチレンコニカルチューブに全量移し入れ、よく撹拌後、精液5〜10μlをスライドグラスに載せ塗沫をし、2〜3時間風乾し、ギムザ染色を行い、300〜500個の精子について、形態を検査して、アクロソーム正常率を測定した。測定結果を図7に示す。
(1)ストロー腔内にグリセリン加卵黄トリス糖液希釈層と空気の隔離層と精液保存層(ETG層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、(2)ストロー腔内にTCGN希釈層、空気の隔離層、及び精液保存層(TCGN層+隔離層+精液保存層)を含む人工授精用ストロー、及び(3)ストロー腔内に単層の精液保存層(450μl)を含む人工授精用ストローを、常法に従い、液体窒素蒸気にあてて凍結を行った。この際、精液保存層に対して温度センサーを入れて、精液保存層の過冷却の時間及び凝固開始温度を測定した。結果をそれぞれ図8及び図9に示す。単層精液保存層のストローにおいて、最も過冷却の時間が長く(図8)、かつ凝固開始温度が低かった(図9)。隔離層を導入して精液保存層と希釈層を分離することにより、過冷却時間が短くなり、凝固開始温度が上がり、さらに希釈液からグリセリンを除くことにより、さらに過冷却時間が短くなり、凝固開始温度が上昇した。この実験により、精液単層のストローから、希釈層、隔離層及び精液保存層を含む複層に変更し、また希釈液からグリセリンを除くことにより、過冷却による精子の損傷を最小限にすることができることが示された。過冷却の減少の結果として、実施例6のアクロソーム正常率が向上したと考えられる。過冷却の防止は、グリセリンを含まない希釈層が先に氷結することにより植氷効果によるものと考えられる。希釈層と精液保存層との間には空気の隔離層があるものの、希釈液が先にストローを通過するため、ストロー内腔に微量に付着した希釈液が氷結し、精液保存層の氷結を促進すると考えられる。
Claims (10)
- ストローと、前記ストローの腔内に配置された、
塩化ナトリウムを含む水溶液からなる希釈層;
隔離層;及び
精液及び耐凍剤を含む水溶液からなる精液保存層
とを含み、希釈層と精液保存層とが隔離層により隔てられており、希釈層:精液保存層の体積比率が、3:2〜1:4である、人工授精用ストロー。 - 前記希釈層が、さらに緩衝剤を含む、請求項1に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記希釈層において、前記緩衝剤が、トリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)及びクエン酸を含む、請求項2に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記希釈層が、さらに糖を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記希釈層において、前記糖が、グルコースを含む、請求項4に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記希釈層が、グリセリンを含まない、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記希釈層の水溶液の浸透圧が230〜400mOsm、かつpH6.4〜7.5である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記人工授精用ストローの液量が、0.25〜0.5mlである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記塩化ナトリウムの濃度が、50mM〜200mMである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
- 前記精液が、ウシ又はイヌの精液である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の人工授精用ストロー。
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