WO2012073593A1 - ミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法 - Google Patents
ミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012073593A1 WO2012073593A1 PCT/JP2011/073017 JP2011073017W WO2012073593A1 WO 2012073593 A1 WO2012073593 A1 WO 2012073593A1 JP 2011073017 W JP2011073017 W JP 2011073017W WO 2012073593 A1 WO2012073593 A1 WO 2012073593A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/62—Leeches; Worms, e.g. cestodes, tapeworms, nematodes, roundworms, earth worms, ascarids, filarias, hookworms, trichinella or taenia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/10—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the bladder
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/04—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for inducing labour or abortion; Uterotonics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing earthworm dry powder, and more specifically, production of earthworm dry powder capable of producing earthworm dry powder containing a high-titer enzyme while removing harmful substances contained in the earthworm body. Regarding the method.
- Earthworm extract and earthworm dry powder have been used as preventive and therapeutic agents for various diseases mainly in the Eastern countries since ancient times, and so far, bladder stone reduction and elimination agents, jaundice treatment agents, delivery accelerators. It has been known to be used as a tonic, hair-restoring agent, tonicity agent, antipyretic agent, seizure treatment agent, blood circulation promoter, half-body involuntary treatment agent, indirect analgesic agent, urination agent, bronchial asthma agent, and hypertension treatment agent.
- earthworms are reared and propagated on aquaculture floors, but even when carefully selected for food, harmful elements such as mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic and pathogenic microorganisms exist in them. During the breeding, these harmful substances are ingested by the earthworm and accumulated in the body. As a result, if the therapeutic agent produced from the earthworm is taken, the human body may be adversely affected.
- Patent Document 5 A method for producing a therapeutic agent for a thrombosis patient by leaving it to stand for 1 to 5 hours and then crushing after removing the excrement in the digestive tract, and degassing the ground product, followed by vacuum drying while gradually raising the temperature (Patent Document) 5) is proposed.
- the earthworm dry powder is made into an aqueous solution, its turbidity components are removed, and the turbidity is 1 at an absorbance of 700 nm wavelength.
- a method for obtaining an earthworm aqueous solution of 0.5 or less has been proposed (see Patent Document 6).
- the earthworm organism is immersed in fresh water, an aqueous alkaline salt solution or an acid aqueous solution for a long time, the earthworm's physical strength is weakened. As a result, the protein contained in the organism is denatured and the enzyme action is reduced. The pharmacological effect may be deteriorated.
- the living body of earthworms rapidly dissolves and decays due to the action of the fibrinolytic enzyme present in earthworms. There was a problem that there was.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a dried earthworm powder that can produce an earthworm dried powder containing a high-titer enzyme while removing harmful substances contained in the earthworm body.
- the earthworm is brought into contact with at least one metal chloride selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium, Thereafter, the powdered hydroxycarboxylic acid and raw earthworm are brought into contact, diluted with water to adjust the pH to 2 to 5, held for 3 to 180 minutes, washed with water, ground, and the obtained ground product. Is freeze-dried.
- at least one metal chloride selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium
- the method for producing a dry powder of earthworms of the present invention comprises contacting the earthworm with a metal chloride selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium, Thereafter, the raw earthworms are immersed in a hydroxycarboxylic acid aqueous solution adjusted to pH 2 to 5, held for 3 to 180 minutes, washed with water and ground, and the obtained ground product is freeze-dried. It is what.
- the raw earthworm is left in a light place for 10 to 50 hours, and then the dirt adhering to the body skin is peeled off and then contacted with the metal chloride. .
- the freeze-drying is performed by freezing the ground product at ⁇ 18 ° C. to ⁇ 35 ° C. for 20 to 240 hours and then freeze-drying under vacuum. Is preferred.
- the metal chloride is preferably sodium chloride.
- the hydroxycarboxylic acid is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, and succinic acid. .
- the present invention it is possible to provide a method for producing a dried earthworm powder capable of producing a dried earthworm powder containing a high-titer enzyme while removing harmful substances contained in the earthworm body.
- the method for producing a dry earthworm powder comprises contacting raw earthworms with at least one metal chloride selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium, and then adding powdered hydroxycarboxylic acid and raw earthworms. And adjust to pH 2-5 by dilution with water and hold for 3 to 180 minutes, or immerse raw earthworms in an aqueous hydroxycarboxylic acid solution adjusted to pH 2 to 5 and hold for 3 to 180 minutes After that, the raw earthworms are washed with water and ground, and the obtained ground product is freeze-dried.
- at least one metal chloride selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium
- the present invention Prior to processing raw earthworms, contact with a given metal chloride, followed by contact with hydroxycarboxylic acid, results in an unpleasant habitat for the earthworm, resulting in the earthworm adapting to the environment. Excrements are excreted, and harmful substances such as mercury, cadmium, and lead contained in the body are discharged.
- the present invention has hitherto known a method of forming an unpleasant environment for earthworms, expelling feces containing toxic substances in the body of earthworms, and then grinding earthworms. It was made by finding that earthworm dried powder having excellent enzyme activity can be obtained by combining environmental formation methods and performing them in a specific order.
- osmotic stress metal chloride
- pH stress hydroxycarboxylic acid
- raw earthworm that is, living earthworm is used as a raw material.
- Raw earthworms are not particularly limited, and for example, red earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus), LT earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris), earthworms (Eisenia foetida), brown earthworms (Allobophora calipinosac) japonica michaelsen, Drawida hatamimizu hatai, shiromi divergens michaelsen, fetisha communes humami (Peteima communisami hums) is), Siebold earthworm (Pheretima sieboldi Horst), one Mont earthworm (Pheretima hilgendorfi), Isomimizu (Pontodrilus matsushimensis Iizuka), tubifex (Tubifex hattai Nomura), Goto tubifex (Yurimimizu) [Limnodr
- the earthworms prior to bringing the earthworms into contact with the metal chloride, the earthworms are transferred to a flat box such as a bread box and left in a light place for 10 to 50 hours to leave the soil attached to the body skin. Is preferably removed.
- the standing time in the light is more preferably 12 to 24 hours.
- the accommodation amount at this time is preferably such an amount that earthworms are stacked to a thickness of 30 to 60 mm, preferably 40 to 50 mm.
- this flat box there is no foreign matter such as sand and mud, and earthworms are nocturnal and live in the dark. It is preferable to keep it brighter.
- the raw earthworm exerts its self-defense instinct, excretes the digest that remains in the digestive tract, covers the whole body with this excrement, prevents moisture from evaporating, and maintains the living environment. If the covering dirt, that is, the excrement is repeatedly peeled off by an appropriate means, the digest in the digestive tract and the dirt attached to the body skin can be finally removed.
- the filth attached to the earthworm skin can be peeled off, for example, by covering the raw earthworm with a nonwoven fabric and adsorbing the filth on it. By combining this leaving in a light place and removal of dirt adhering to the body skin with contact with metal chloride and hydroxycarboxylic acid, further discharge and removal of toxic substances in the earthworm body can be expected.
- the metal chloride used in the present invention is at least one metal chloride selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. That is, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride. Moreover, these mixtures may be sufficient and the mixture of these and the other harmless component which can be added to a foodstuff may be sufficient. Examples of such a mixture include salt, rock salt, and sun salt.
- the metal chloride can be used by sprinkling a powdered product on a raw earthworm, which causes contact between the earthworm and the metal chloride.
- contact the earthworm with hydroxycarboxylic acid After contacting the earthworm with metal chloride, contact the earthworm with hydroxycarboxylic acid. Contact with the hydroxycarboxylic acid can also be carried out by sprinkling the powdered hydroxycarboxylic acid over raw earthworms. The contact with the hydroxycarboxylic acid is carried out immediately after the contact with the metal chloride. In addition, it is preferable to wash the earthworm with water before bringing the earthworm into contact with the hydroxycarboxylic acid. When the earthworm and hydroxycarboxylic acid are contacted after removing the metal chloride by washing with water, a dry earthworm powder with high enzyme activity is obtained. When washing with water before contact with the hydroxycarboxylic acid, washing with water is preferably performed within 30 minutes, more preferably within 20 minutes after the start of contact with the metal chloride. The washing method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be employed.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid forms an uncomfortable living environment for earthworms, raw earthworms try to improve their living environment by releasing bodily fluids and excreta by self-preserving instinct. Moreover, since hydroxycarboxylic acid has bactericidal properties, it plays the role of promoting excretion of digests remaining in the digestive organ as described above, and can be expected to have an effect of sterilizing miscellaneous bacteria attached to earthworms.
- the crystalline hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the method of the present invention can be used regardless of the number of hydroxy groups or the number of carboxyl groups as long as it shows a crystalline form under use conditions. That is, any of monohydroxymonocarboxylic acid, monohydroxypolycarboxylic acid, polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acid, and polyhydroxypolycarboxylic acid may be used.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid used in the present invention examples include glycolic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, ⁇ -hydroxypropionic acid, ⁇ -hydroxy-n-butyric acid, ⁇ -hydroxy-n-butyric acid, ⁇ -hydroxy-n-valeric acid, Examples include ⁇ -hydroxy-n-valeric acid, malic acid, ⁇ -methylmalic acid, ⁇ -hydroxyglutaric acid, ⁇ -hydroxyglutaric acid, citric acid, malonic acid, and succinic acid. Of these, lactic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, malonic acid and succinic acid are preferred because they can be used for foods and are easily available. Hydroxycarboxylic acid may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for it.
- the earthworm living body treated with hydroxycarboxylic acid is washed with water and then ground into a liquid or pasty ground product. Washing is preferably performed with pure water.
- the washing method is not particularly limited, and a known water washing method can be employed.
- the total time of the treatment process before attrition that is, the time from sprinkling metal chlorides to raw earthworms until the washing with hydroxycarboxylic acid with water is preferably within 240 minutes in total.
- the above-mentioned grinding method is not particularly limited, and for example, a homogenizer, a blender, a homomixer, a grinder, or a pressurized cell disrupter is usually used at 1 to 25 ° C. From the viewpoint of suppressing the decomposition of earthworm components, it is preferably carried out at a low temperature, and a temperature of 2 to 15 ° C. is preferred.
- the ground product obtained by grinding the earthworms is accommodated in, for example, a stainless steel tray and freeze-dried.
- the enzyme contained in the earthworm organism does not act on the living cells but acts on the dead cells instantaneously, so there is a risk of generating spoilage gas.
- instantaneously It is preferable to perform freeze-drying after quenching and freezing to 18 ° C. to ⁇ 35 ° C. to suppress the action of the enzyme.
- the freezing is preferably performed at a low temperature of ⁇ 18 ° C. to ⁇ 35 ° C. for 20 to 240 hours, more preferably 50 to 170 hours.
- the ground product is frozen at a temperature of ⁇ 18 ° C. to ⁇ 35 ° C. for 20 to 240 hours, and then at several temperatures at a temperature of ⁇ 60 ° C. to + 90 ° C.
- the sterilized light yellow earthworm dry powder can be obtained by freeze-drying for 10 to 60 hours while increasing the temperature and dividing the pressure in several steps at a pressure of 25 to 40 Pa and reducing the pressure in several steps.
- the dried earthworm powder obtained as described above varies depending on the kind of earthworm, the collection place, and the collection time.
- Serine Contains 80-110 mg, threonine 75-110 mg, aspartic acid 150-220 mg, tryptophan 15-30 mg and cystine 20-35 mg.
- Example 1 After being left in the light for 24 hours, 30 kg of raw red earthworms from which the dirt attached to the body skin had been peeled were spread on a flat plate to a thickness of about 5 cm, and 250 g of sodium chloride was sprinkled uniformly over this. After 20 minutes, the earthworms were washed with water. Thereafter, 250 g of citric acid was sprinkled in the same manner and diluted with 30 liters of pure water in 15 seconds. At this time, the pH immediately after adding water was 2.25, and the pH after complete dilution was 2.74. When sprinkled with citric acid powder, the earthworm released yellow body fluid at once. After dilution with water, it was kept in that state for 20 minutes.
- raw earthworms were taken out from the soiled aqueous citric acid solution, washed with water, and ground at 10 ° C. using a homogenizer to prepare earthworm paste.
- this earthworm paste is sucked and degassed to remove the gas contained therein, and then transferred to a stainless steel tray, where it is rapidly cooled to ⁇ 35 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for 50 hours. And gradually frozen.
- the frozen earthworm paste is kept at -35 ° C. and a pressure of 0 Pa for 2 hours, and then heated to a temperature of 25 ° C., 10 hours at 40 Pa, then 14 hours at 40 ° C. and 35 Pa pressure, and then 12 hours at 65 ° C. and 35 Pa pressure. Drying was performed, and finally, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and vacuum lyophilization was performed by maintaining the pressure at 25 Pa for 6 hours. By this treatment, a light yellow earthworm dry powder having a water content of 8% by mass was obtained.
- the frozen earthworm paste is kept at -35 ° C. and a pressure of 0 Pa for 2 hours, and then heated to a temperature of 25 ° C., 10 hours at 40 Pa, then 14 hours at 40 ° C. and 35 Pa pressure, and then 12 hours at 65 ° C. and 35 Pa pressure. Drying was performed, and finally, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and vacuum lyophilization was performed by maintaining the pressure at 25 Pa for 6 hours. By this treatment, a light yellow earthworm dry powder having a water content of 8% by mass was obtained.
- this earthworm paste is sucked and degassed to remove the gas contained therein, and then transferred to a stainless steel tray, where it is rapidly cooled to ⁇ 35 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for 50 hours. And gradually frozen.
- the frozen earthworm paste is kept at -35 ° C. and a pressure of 0 Pa for 2 hours, and then heated to a temperature of 25 ° C., then 40 Pa for 10 hours, then 40 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 14 hours, and then 65 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 12 hours. Drying was performed, and finally, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and vacuum lyophilization was performed by maintaining the pressure at 25 Pa for 6 hours. By this treatment, a light yellow earthworm dry powder having a water content of 8% by mass was obtained.
- the raw earthworm was washed with water and ground at 10 ° C. using a homogenizer to prepare an earthworm paste.
- this earthworm paste is sucked and degassed to remove the gas contained therein, and then transferred to a stainless steel tray, where it is rapidly cooled to ⁇ 35 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for 50 hours. And gradually frozen.
- the frozen earthworm paste is kept at -35 ° C. and a pressure of 0 Pa for 2 hours, and then heated to a temperature of 25 ° C., 10 hours at 40 Pa, then 14 hours at 40 ° C. and 35 Pa pressure, and then 12 hours at 65 ° C. and 35 Pa pressure. Drying was performed, and finally, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and vacuum lyophilization was performed by maintaining the pressure at 25 Pa for 6 hours. By this treatment, a light yellow earthworm dry powder having a water content of 8% by mass was obtained.
- raw earthworms were taken out from the soiled aqueous citric acid solution, washed with water, and ground at 10 ° C. using a homogenizer to prepare earthworm paste.
- this earthworm paste is sucked and degassed to remove the gas contained therein, and then transferred to a stainless steel tray, where it is rapidly cooled to ⁇ 35 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for 50 hours. And gradually frozen.
- the frozen earthworm paste is kept at -35 ° C. and a pressure of 0 Pa for 2 hours, and then heated to a temperature of 25 ° C., then 40 Pa for 10 hours, then 40 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 14 hours, and then 65 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 12 hours. Drying was performed, and finally, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and vacuum lyophilization was performed by maintaining the pressure at 25 Pa for 6 hours. By this treatment, a light yellow earthworm dry powder having a water content of 8% by mass was obtained.
- Protein quantification was calculated according to the Bradford method (M. Bradford, Anal. Biochem., 72: 248-254, 1976).
- a sample for measuring the amount of protein was prepared using the protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.) with respect to the measurement sample, and the absorbance at 595 nm was measured. Separately, the amount of protein was converted using a calibration curve prepared using bovine serum albumin (Bovine, Sigma-Aldrich Co.).
- Non-Patent Literature T. Astrop & S. Mullertz, The fibrin plate method for estimating fibrinolytic activity., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 40: 346-351, 1952.
- the dissolution activity was compared by the method.
- Fibrinogen Bovine Fraction IS, Sigma-Aldrich Co.
- borate buffer pH 7.8: BSB
- thrombin clinical use, Fuji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- the dissolution area was measured by measuring the area of the dissolution window produced by incubation of 30 ⁇ l of each measurement sample at 37 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a calibration curve of trypsin Bovine, Sigma-Aldrich Co.
- trypsin Bovine, Sigma-Aldrich Co.
- the earthworm dry powder produced by the production method of the present invention contains a high-titer enzyme.
- the enzyme activity was about 2 to 4 times in the citric acid treatment alone compared to the water treatment alone. Further, as is clear from the results of Comparative Examples 2 and 3, when the citric acid treatment was performed first and then treated with a metal chloride, the enzyme activity was not much different from that of the citric acid treatment alone.
- Example 2 After being left in the light for 24 hours, 30 kg of raw red earthworms from which the dirt adhering to the body skin had been peeled were spread on a flat plate to a thickness of 5 cm, and 250 g of magnesium chloride was sprinkled uniformly over this. After 20 minutes, the earthworms were washed with water. Thereafter, 250 ml of lactic acid was applied in the same manner and diluted with 30 liters of pure water in 15 seconds. When lactic acid was applied, the earthworm released yellow body fluid at once. After dilution with water, it was kept in that state for 20 minutes. Next, raw earthworms were taken out from the soiled lactic acid aqueous solution, washed with water, and then ground at 10 ° C.
- this earthworm paste is sucked and degassed to remove the gas contained therein, and then transferred to a stainless steel tray, where it is rapidly cooled to ⁇ 35 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for 50 hours. And gradually frozen.
- the frozen earthworm paste is kept at -35 ° C. and a pressure of 0 Pa for 2 hours, and then heated to a temperature of 25 ° C., then 40 Pa for 10 hours, then 40 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 14 hours, and then 65 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 12 hours. Drying was performed, and finally, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and vacuum lyophilization was performed by maintaining the pressure at 25 Pa for 6 hours. By this treatment, a light yellow earthworm dry powder having a water content of 8% by mass was obtained.
- this earthworm paste is sucked and degassed to remove the gas contained therein, and then transferred to a stainless steel tray, where it is rapidly cooled to ⁇ 35 ° C. and maintained at this temperature for 50 hours. And gradually frozen.
- the frozen earthworm paste is kept at -35 ° C. and a pressure of 0 Pa for 2 hours, and then heated to a temperature of 25 ° C., then 40 Pa for 10 hours, then 40 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 14 hours, and then 65 ° C. and a pressure of 35 Pa for 12 hours. Drying was performed, and finally, the temperature was set to 80 ° C., and vacuum lyophilization was performed by maintaining the pressure at 25 Pa for 6 hours. By this treatment, a light yellow earthworm dry powder having a water content of 8% by mass was obtained.
- Protein quantification was calculated according to the Bradford method (M. Bradford, Anal. Biochem., 72: 248-254, 1976).
- a sample for measuring the amount of protein was prepared using the protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.) with respect to the measurement sample, and the absorbance at 595 nm was measured. Separately, the amount of protein was converted using a calibration curve prepared using bovine serum albumin (Bovine, Sigma-Aldrich Co.).
- Non-Patent Literature T. Astrop & S. Mullertz, The fibrin plate method for estimating fibrinolytic activity., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 40: 346-351, 1952.
- the dissolution activity was compared by the method.
- Fibrinogen Bovine Fraction IS, Sigma-Aldrich Co.
- borate buffer pH 7.8: BSB
- thrombin clinical use, Fuji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- the dissolution area was measured by measuring the area of the dissolution window produced by incubation of 30 ⁇ l of each measurement sample at 37 ° C. for 4 hours.
- a calibration curve of trypsin Bovine, Sigma-Aldrich Co.
- trypsin Bovine, Sigma-Aldrich Co.
- the earthworm dry powder produced by the method of the present invention is useful as a blood pressure regulator, an antihyperlipidemic agent, an antidiabetic agent, a thrombolytic agent, and the like, similar to the earthworm dry powder produced by the conventional method. Further, a solution obtained by extracting this powder with pure water, alcohol or the like is centrifuged and fractionated according to molecular weight, so that it can be used as an active ingredient of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and supplements.
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Abstract
Description
その後、粉末状ヒドロキシカルボン酸と生ミミズとを接触させ、水で希釈してpH2~5に調整し、3~180分間保持した後、生ミミズを水洗し、摩砕し、得られた摩砕物を凍結乾燥することを特徴とするものである。
その後、生ミミズをpH2~5に調整したヒドロキシカルボン酸水溶液中に浸漬し、3~180分間保持したのち、生ミミズを水洗し、摩砕し、得られた摩砕物を凍結乾燥することを特徴とするものである。
生ミミズを加工するに先立ち、所定の金属塩化物に接触させてから、ヒドロキシカルボン酸と接触させると、ミミズにとって不快棲息環境が形成される結果、その環境に順応するためにミミズは消化管内の消化物を排泄し、それとともに体内に含まれていた水銀、カドミウム、鉛などの有害物質が排出される。
本発明は、これまで、ミミズの不快環境を形成し、ミミズの体内の有毒物を含む糞等を吐き出させてからミミズを摩砕するという方法が知られていたところ、それらのうち特定の不快環境形成方法を組み合わせて、なおかつ、特定の順番で行うことにより、酵素活性がすぐれて高いミミズ乾燥粉末が得られることを見出してなされたものである。即ち、始めに金属塩化物(浸透圧ストレス)を与え、その後、ヒドロキシカルボン酸(pHストレス)を与えるという順序がポイントとなるものである。
ミミズは分子生物学的解析が進んでいない為、詳細なメカニズムはかならずしも明らかではないが、酵母、線虫、植物などの他のモデル生物での研究において、浸透圧ストレスが、ヒートショックプロテイン遺伝子など多種多様なストレス応答遺伝子の転写を活性化させることが知られている。このことから、本発明により得られる効果について、考えられる要因のひとつとして、例えば、最初の浸透圧ストレスによりHSP遺伝子などが活性化され、その後、別のストレスであるpHストレスを経ることにより、ストレス応答遺伝子発現経路のさらなる活性化が起きて有用酵素の産生量が格段に高まるということが挙げられる。
(実施例1)
24時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取った生のアカミミズ30kgを平皿に約5cmの厚さに拡げ、この上に塩化ナトリウム250gを均一に振りかけた。20分後、ミミズを水洗いした。
その後、クエン酸250gを同様に振りかけた後15秒で純水30リットルを加えて希釈した。この時、水を加えた直後のpHは2.25であり、完全に希釈したときのpHは2.74であった。
クエン酸粉末を振りかけると、ミミズは一気に黄色い体液を放出した。水で希釈した後に、その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、汚れたクエン酸水溶液から生ミミズを取り出し、水洗したのち、ホモジナイザーを用いて10℃において摩砕し、ミミズペーストを調製した。次に、このミミズペーストを吸引脱気して、その中に含まれているガスを除いたのち、ステンレス鋼製トレーに移し、瞬間的に-35℃まで急冷し、この温度に50時間維持して徐々に凍結した。
凍結したミミズペーストを-35℃で圧力0Paを2時間保ったのち、温度25℃まで昇温し、40Paで10時間、次いで40℃、圧力35Paで14時間、次いで65℃、圧力35Paで12時間乾燥し、最後に温度を80℃とし、圧力25Paにおいて6時間保つことにより真空凍結乾燥を行った。この処理により含水量8質量%の淡黄色のミミズ乾燥粉末を得た。
24時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取った生のアカミミズ30kgを平皿に約5cmの厚さに拡げ、この上に水30リットルを加えた。水を加えた後に、その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、水から生ミミズを取り出し、水洗したのち、ホモジナイザーを用いて10℃において摩砕し、ミミズペーストを調製した。次に、このミミズペーストを吸引脱気して、その中に含まれているガスを除いたのち、ステンレス鋼製トレーに移し、瞬間的に-35℃まで急冷し、この温度に50時間維持して徐々に凍結した。
凍結したミミズペーストを-35℃で圧力0Paを2時間保ったのち、温度25℃まで昇温し、40Paで10時間、次いで40℃、圧力35Paで14時間、次いで65℃、圧力35Paで12時間乾燥し、最後に温度を80℃とし、圧力25Paにおいて6時間保つことにより真空凍結乾燥を行った。この処理により含水量8質量%の淡黄色のミミズ乾燥粉末を得た。
24時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取った生のアカミミズ30kgを平皿に約5cmの厚さに拡げ、この上にクエン酸250gを振りかけた後15秒で純水30リットルを加えて希釈した。
クエン酸粉末を振りかけると、ミミズは一気に黄色い体液を放出した。水で希釈した後に、その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、汚れたクエン酸水溶液から生ミミズを取り出し、水洗したのち、ホモジナイザーを用いて10℃において摩砕し、ミミズペーストを調製した。次に、このミミズペーストを吸引脱気して、その中に含まれているガスを除いたのち、ステンレス鋼製トレーに移し、瞬間的に-35℃まで急冷し、この温度に50時間維持して徐々に凍結した。
凍結したミミズペーストを-35℃で圧力0Paを2時間保ったのち、温度25℃まで昇温し、40Paで10時間、次いで40℃、圧力35Paで14時間、次いで65℃、圧力35Paで12時間乾燥し、最後に温度を80℃とし、圧力25Paにおいて6時間保つことにより真空凍結乾燥を行った。この処理により含水量8質量%の淡黄色のミミズ乾燥粉末を得た。
24時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取った生のアカミミズ30kgを平皿に約5cmの厚さに拡げ、この上にクエン酸250gを均一に振りかけた。その後、水30リットルを加えて希釈した。クエン酸粉末を振りかけると、ミミズは一気に黄色い体液を放出した。水で希釈した後に、その状態で20分間保持した。次いで、汚れたクエン酸水溶液から生ミミズを取り出し、水洗したのち、塩化ナトリウム250gを振りかけ、その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、生ミミズを水洗し、ホモジナイザーを用いて10℃において摩砕し、ミミズペーストを調製した。次に、このミミズペーストを吸引脱気して、その中に含まれているガスを除いたのち、ステンレス鋼製トレーに移し、瞬間的に-35℃まで急冷し、この温度に50時間維持して徐々に凍結した。
凍結したミミズペーストを-35℃で圧力0Paを2時間保ったのち、温度25℃まで昇温し、40Paで10時間、次いで40℃、圧力35Paで14時間、次いで65℃、圧力35Paで12時間乾燥し、最後に温度を80℃とし、圧力25Paにおいて6時間保つことにより真空凍結乾燥を行った。この処理により含水量8質量%の淡黄色のミミズ乾燥粉末を得た。
24時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取った生のアカミミズ30kgを平皿に約5cmの厚さに拡げ、この上にクエン酸250gおよび塩化ナトリウム250gを混合して均一に振りかけた。その後、クエン酸250gおよび塩化ナトリウム250gを振りかけた後15秒で純水30リットルを加えて希釈した。
クエン酸粉末および塩化ナトリウムを振りかけると、ミミズは一気に黄色い体液を放出した。水で希釈した後に、その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、汚れたクエン酸水溶液から生ミミズを取り出し、水洗したのち、ホモジナイザーを用いて10℃において摩砕し、ミミズペーストを調製した。次に、このミミズペーストを吸引脱気して、その中に含まれているガスを除いたのち、ステンレス鋼製トレーに移し、瞬間的に-35℃まで急冷し、この温度に50時間維持して徐々に凍結した。
凍結したミミズペーストを-35℃で圧力0Paを2時間保ったのち、温度25℃まで昇温し、40Paで10時間、次いで40℃、圧力35Paで14時間、次いで65℃、圧力35Paで12時間乾燥し、最後に温度を80℃とし、圧力25Paにおいて6時間保つことにより真空凍結乾燥を行った。この処理により含水量8質量%の淡黄色のミミズ乾燥粉末を得た。
<測定試料の調製>
上記で得られた各ミミズ乾燥粉末1gに生理食塩水20mlを加えて、1500rpmで1時間振盪を行った。これを10000×g、4℃、で15分遠心分離した上清を測定試料とした。
蛋白質定量は、ブラッドフォード法(M.Bradford,Anal.Biochem.,72:248-254,1976)に従って算出した。
上記測定試料に対して、プロテインアッセイキット(Bio-Rad Laboratories,Inc.)を用いてタンパク質量測定用試料調製を行い、595nmの吸光度を測定した。別途ウシ血清アルブミン(Bovine,Sigma-Aldrich Co.)を用いて作製した検量線によりタンパク質量の換算を行った。
非特許文献(須見洋行,岡本猛,石井陽一,ルンブロキナーゼ(ミミズ酵素)の力価検定法-フィブリンおよび合成アミド分解能-,薬理と臨床,20:347-351,2010)記載の方法に準じて、合成アミド基質分解活性を測定した。
合成アミド基質は、ウロキナーゼの合成基質であるpyroGlu-Gly-Arg-pNA(BIOPHEN CS-61(44),コスモバイオ(株))をジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)で5×10-3Mになるよう溶解し調製した。
上記で得られた測定試料0.1mlに、ホウ酸緩衝液(BSB)を0.8ml加えて2分間インキュベーションした後、合成アミド基質0.1mlを加えて、37℃で5分間反応させた後、405nmの吸光度を測定し、1分間あたりの最大傾き(初速度)より、吸光係数10.79mM-1・cm-1で放出されたpNA量算を出した。得られた結果を下記表2に示す。
また、合成アミド基質分解活性を、タンパク質総量で割ることにより得られる比活性を下記表3に示す。
非特許文献(T.Astrup&S.Mullertz,The fibrin plate method for estimating fibrinolytic activity.,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,40:346-351,1952)記載の方法に準じて、フィブリン平板を作成し、フィブリン平板法による溶解活性の比較を行った。
フィブリノーゲン(Bovine FractionI-S,Sigma-Aldrich Co.)を終濃度0.5%になるようホウ酸緩衝液(pH7.8:BSB)で溶解した。この溶液10mlにトロンビン(臨床用,富士製薬工業(株))を0.5ml加えてフィブリン平板を作製した。
溶解面積の測定は、各測定試料30μlをのせたものを37℃で4時間インキュベーションにおいて生じる溶解窓の面積を測定することにより行った。また、タンパク分解酵素であるトリプシン(Bovine,Sigma-Aldrich Co.)の検量線を作成し、単位換算を行い、各測定試料中の蛋白質量から、比活性を求めた。結果を下記表4に示す。
一方、比較例1および2から明らかなように、クエン酸処理のみでは水処理のみと比較して酵素活性が、2倍ないし4倍程度であった。また、比較例2および3の結果から明らかなように、クエン酸処理を先に行い、その後金属の塩化物で処理した場合は、クエン酸処理のみと酵素活性はあまり変わらなかった。
24時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取った生のアカミミズ30kgを平皿に5cmの厚さに広げ、この上に塩化マグネシウム250gを均一に振りかけた。20分後、ミミズを水洗いした。
その後、乳酸250mlを同様にかけた後15秒で純水30リットルを加えて希釈した。乳酸をかけると、ミミズは一気に黄色い体液を放出した。水で希釈した後に、その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、汚れた乳酸水溶液から生ミミズを取り出し、水洗したのち、ホモジナイザーを用いて10℃において摩砕し、ミミズペーストを調製した。次に、このミミズペーストを吸引脱気して、その中に含まれているガスを除いたのち、ステンレス鋼製トレーに移し、瞬間的に-35℃まで急冷し、この温度に50時間維持して徐々に凍結した。
凍結したミミズペーストを-35℃で圧力0Paを2時間保ったのち、温度25℃まで昇温し、40Paで10時間、次いで40℃、圧力35Paで14時間、次いで65℃、圧力35Paで12時間乾燥し、最後に温度を80℃とし、圧力25Paにおいて6時間保つことにより真空凍結乾燥を行った。この処理により含水量8質量%の淡黄色のミミズ乾燥粉末を得た。
24時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取った生のアカミミズ30kgを平皿に5cmの厚さに広げ、この上に乳酸250mlを同様にかけた後15秒で純水30リットルを加えて希釈した。乳酸をかけると、ミミズは一気に黄色い体液を放出した。水で希釈した後に、その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、生ミミズを取り出し水洗いしたのち、塩化マグネシウム250gを均一に振りかけた。その状態で20分間保持した。
次いで、生ミミズを取り出し、水洗したのち、ホモジナイザーを用いて10℃において摩砕し、ミミズペーストを調製した。次に、このミミズペーストを吸引脱気して、その中に含まれているガスを除いたのち、ステンレス鋼製トレーに移し、瞬間的に-35℃まで急冷し、この温度に50時間維持して徐々に凍結した。
凍結したミミズペーストを-35℃で圧力0Paを2時間保ったのち、温度25℃まで昇温し、40Paで10時間、次いで40℃、圧力35Paで14時間、次いで65℃、圧力35Paで12時間乾燥し、最後に温度を80℃とし、圧力25Paにおいて6時間保つことにより真空凍結乾燥を行った。この処理により含水量8質量%の淡黄色のミミズ乾燥粉末を得た。
<測定試料の調製>
上記で得られた実施例2および比較例5の各ミミズ乾燥粉末1gに生理食塩水20mlを加えて、1500rpmで1時間振盪を行った。これを10000×g、4℃、で15分遠心分離した上清を測定試料とした。
蛋白質定量は、ブラッドフォード法(M.Bradford,Anal.Biochem.,72:248-254,1976)に従って算出した。
上記測定試料に対して、プロテインアッセイキット(Bio-Rad Laboratories,Inc.)を用いてタンパク質量測定用試料調製を行い、595nmの吸光度を測定した。別途ウシ血清アルブミン(Bovine,Sigma-Aldrich Co.)を用いて作成した検量線によりタンパク質量の換算を行った。
非特許文献(須見洋行,岡本猛,石井陽一,ルンブロキナーゼ(ミミズ酵素)の力価検定法-フィブリンおよび合成アミド分解能-,薬理と臨床,20:347-351,2010)記載の方法に準じて、合成アミド基質分解活性を測定した。
合成アミド基質は、ウロキナーゼの合成基質であるpyroGlu-Gly-Arg-pNA(BIOPHEN CS-61(44),コスモバイオ(株))をジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)で5×10-3Mになるよう溶解し調製した。
上記で得られた測定試料0.1mlに、ホウ酸緩衝液(BSB)を0.8mlを加えて2分間インキュベーションした後、合成アミド基質0.1mlを加えて、37℃で5分間反応させた後、405nmの吸光度を測定し、1分間あたりの最大傾き(初速度)より、吸光係数10.79mM-1・cm-1で放出されたpNA量算を出した。得られた結果を下記表6に示す。
また、合成アミド基質分解活性を、タンパク質総量で割ることにより得られる比活性を下記表7に示す。
非特許文献(T.Astrup&S.Mullertz,The fibrin plate method for estimating fibrinolytic activity.,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,40:346-351,1952)記載の方法に準じて、フィブリン平板を作成し、フィブリン平板法による溶解活性の比較を行った。
フィブリノーゲン(Bovine FractionI-S,Sigma-Aldrich Co.)を終濃度0.5%になるようホウ酸緩衝液(pH7.8:BSB)で溶解した。この溶液10mlにトロンビン(臨床用,富士製薬工業(株))を0.5ml加えてフィブリン平板を作製した。
溶解面積の測定は、各測定試料30μlをのせたものを37℃で4時間インキュベーションにおいて生じる溶解窓の面積を測定することにより行った。また、タンパク分解酵素であるトリプシン(Bovine,Sigma-Aldrich Co.)の検量線を作成し、単位換算を行い、各測定試料中の蛋白質量から、比活性を求めた。結果を下記表8に示す。
Claims (10)
- 生ミミズをカリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウムおよびカルシウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属の塩化物と接触させ、
その後、粉末状ヒドロキシカルボン酸と生ミミズとを接触させ、水で希釈してpH2~5に調整し、3~180分間保持した後、生ミミズを水洗し、摩砕し、得られた摩砕物を凍結乾燥することを特徴とするミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。 - 生ミミズをカリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウムおよびカルシウムからなる群から選ばれる金属の塩化物と接触させ、
その後、生ミミズをpH2~5に調整したヒドロキシカルボン酸水溶液中に浸漬し、3~180分間保持したのち、生ミミズを水洗し、摩砕し、得られた摩砕物を凍結乾燥することを特徴とするミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。 - 前記生ミミズを、10~50時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取ってから、前記金属の塩化物と接触させる請求項1記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
- 前記生ミミズを、10~50時間明所に放置後、体皮に付着する汚物を剥ぎ取ってから、前記金属の塩化物と接触させる請求項2記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
- 前記凍結乾燥が、摩砕物を-18℃~-35℃で20~240時間凍結させたのち、真空下で凍結乾燥することにより行われる請求項1記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
- 前記凍結乾燥が、摩砕物を-18℃~-35℃で20~240時間凍結させたのち、真空下で凍結乾燥することにより行われる請求項2記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
- 前記金属の塩化物が、塩化ナトリウムである請求項1記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
- 前記金属の塩化物が、塩化ナトリウムである請求項2記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
- 前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸が、酢酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、乳酸、マロン酸およびコハク酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
- 前記ヒドロキシカルボン酸が、酢酸、リンゴ酸、クエン酸、乳酸、マロン酸およびコハク酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項2記載のミミズ乾燥粉末の製造方法。
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EP (1) | EP2484369B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4808822B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102724986B (ja) |
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CA (1) | CA2804129C (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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WO2013018587A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Well Stone 有限会社 | ミミズ乾燥粉末を用いたチロシナーゼ阻害剤およびその製造方法 |
JP6196406B1 (ja) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-09-13 | ワキ製薬株式会社 | 酵素活性促進剤の製造方法及び酵素活性促進剤の含有物 |
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JP5548931B1 (ja) | 2013-09-03 | 2014-07-16 | ワキ製薬株式会社 | ミミズ乾燥粉末製造方法 |
US10155012B2 (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2018-12-18 | Well Stone Co. | Catecholamine production accelerator, and therapeutic and preventive agent and therapeutic and preventive food composition for diseases caused by catecholamine deficiency |
JP2015048353A (ja) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-03-16 | ワキ製薬株式会社 | ミミズ乾燥粉末製造方法 |
JP6321521B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-04 | 2018-05-09 | Well Stone 有限会社 | タウ蛋白産生促進剤、タウ蛋白の欠乏に起因する疾患の治療薬・予防薬および治療用・予防用食品組成物 |
JP2017025019A (ja) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-02-02 | Well Stone 有限会社 | アミロイドβ線維分解剤、アミロイドβの線維化に起因する疾患の治療薬・予防薬および治療用・予防用食品組成物 |
JP6249581B1 (ja) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-12-20 | ワキ製薬株式会社 | 糖質分解酵素阻害剤の製造方法 |
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WO2013018587A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Well Stone 有限会社 | ミミズ乾燥粉末を用いたチロシナーゼ阻害剤およびその製造方法 |
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JP6196406B1 (ja) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-09-13 | ワキ製薬株式会社 | 酵素活性促進剤の製造方法及び酵素活性促進剤の含有物 |
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TW201235044A (en) | 2012-09-01 |
ES2474599T3 (es) | 2014-07-09 |
CA2804129C (en) | 2013-08-20 |
BR112013003567B1 (pt) | 2020-05-26 |
IL227297A (en) | 2016-12-29 |
EP2484369B1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
BR112013003567A8 (pt) | 2018-03-13 |
AU2011338109B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
BR112013003567A2 (pt) | 2016-06-07 |
IL227297A0 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
HK1176882A1 (en) | 2013-08-09 |
CN102724986A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
TWI376226B (ja) | 2012-11-11 |
AU2011338109A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CN102724986B (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
EP2484369A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
JP4808822B1 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
RU2543318C2 (ru) | 2015-02-27 |
DK2484369T3 (da) | 2014-06-16 |
US20120294950A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
US9511098B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
RU2013103350A (ru) | 2014-07-27 |
JP2012219070A (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
EP2484369A4 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
CA2804129A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
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