WO2012069632A1 - Procédé et dispositif destinés à traiter ou usiner un produit à transformer entouré par un fluide gazeux à l'aide de décharges électriques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif destinés à traiter ou usiner un produit à transformer entouré par un fluide gazeux à l'aide de décharges électriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012069632A1
WO2012069632A1 PCT/EP2011/071031 EP2011071031W WO2012069632A1 WO 2012069632 A1 WO2012069632 A1 WO 2012069632A1 EP 2011071031 W EP2011071031 W EP 2011071031W WO 2012069632 A1 WO2012069632 A1 WO 2012069632A1
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Prior art keywords
process material
electrodes
resonant circuit
electrode
electrical
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PCT/EP2011/071031
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carsten Leu
Stefan Gossel
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Technische Universität Ilmenau
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Application filed by Technische Universität Ilmenau filed Critical Technische Universität Ilmenau
Priority to EP11801995.9A priority Critical patent/EP2643910A1/fr
Publication of WO2012069632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012069632A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for preparing or processing a process material enclosed by a gaseous medium by means of electrical discharges
  • Process material a method and apparatus for destroying or digesting the surface and / or cells of biomass in the broadest sense
  • No. 4,838,154 A discloses a process for the pasteurization of liquid foods, in which the liquid foods to be pasteurized are prepared by means of e.g. flow tubular electrode assembly and exposed there pulsed electrical fields.
  • the pasteurization is carried out by the action of the pulsed electric fields whose field strengths are 5 - 12 kV / cm and whose pulse duration is 5 - 100 is.
  • the liquid foods to be pasteurized are each exposed to 2 to 5 pulses.
  • the electric fields used are generated here by the discharge of high-voltage capacitors on the electrode assembly.
  • the solid ⁇ body or solid fragments are in one or only low-conductivity process fluid, such as water, a high voltage insulating liquid, a water-glycol or water-alcohol mixture immersed, in which a system of high voltage and grounded electrodes protrudes.
  • electrical energy storage is a capacitor which is discharged in a discharge pulse-shaped. It follows a discharge.
  • the solids are exploded by shock waves caused by internal discharges.
  • the fields are generated in that the electrodes or electrode group on high-voltage cable and a switch or spark gap located in the tunnel-shaped reactor with a round or polygonal or at least quadrangular cross-section of dielectric material are acted upon by a Marx generator with a high voltage.
  • a Marx generator with a high voltage.
  • the reactor consists of a circular-cylindrical drum, similar to a water wheel, and conveys the lumpy process material through the process liquid, which is located in the lower half of the drum.
  • the electrodes for loading are in the deepest area.
  • the process material is, in the cases in foods or food components ⁇ or vegetable and animal fluids or non-conductive solids digestion or a machining process applied in liquid form or as disperse phase of a dispersion.
  • the digestion process is bound to a liquid which has direct contact with the electrodes.
  • water is used as Jerusalemflüs ⁇ fluid.
  • the digestion or the preparation of the process material takes place in all known methods by the application of a high electric field strength or by the current flow through the process material to be processed (liquid or dispersion).
  • the high electrical field strength is generated in the known procedural ⁇ ren and arrangements by the discharge of high-voltage capacitors, for example by the use of Marx generators.
  • Such systems are very voluminous and massive and difficult to handle in relation to a possible application.
  • Another disadvantage is that during discharge in such systems, a current in the kilo-ampere range flows through the process material, which results in a corresponding energy turnover in the process material and thus heating of the process material.
  • charging and discharging of capacitors are lossy and always tied to time constants. The recharging of the capacitors after their discharge requires a certain amount of time, especially with large capacities as energy storage, as used in Marx generators.
  • DE 199 57 775 C1 proposes a method for modifying wood surfaces by electrical discharges at atmospheric pressure, in which an electrode is arranged opposite the wood surface to be modified and between this electrode and the wood surface a dielectric layer.
  • a alternating high voltage is applied to the electrode, whereby a "dielectrically impeded discharge” or “silent electrical discharge” (dielectric electric discharge) is formed between the dielectric layer and the wood surface to be modified.
  • the alternating high voltage may also be high voltage pulses whose distance is greater than their duration.
  • the "dielectrically impeded discharge” described here is a form of corona discharge.
  • the process presented is for cleaning the wood surface (removal of loose components), improving the gluing or coating properties of the wood surface (improving adhesion), preserving and fading the wood surface used by the action of ozone.
  • the-described ⁇ nen “dielectric barrier discharges” thus act only on the surface of the wood.
  • the gas discharge or the generated plasma is therefore a discharge, which can also be classified as a corona discharge.
  • the procedure is to place an electrode at a small distance above the surface to be treated, the electrode being encased in a solid solid state dielectric. Similar methods are also known from WO 2004/023927 AI or DE 10 2006 020 484 AI and EP 202 40 80 Bl, in each of which a dielectrically impeded gas discharge is generated, which leads to a uniform formation of the plasma.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the generation of high-frequency oscillations or high-frequency high voltages by resonant coupling of electrical resonant circuits.
  • numerous solutions are known (e.g., DE 1,034,766 A, DE 1,564,166 B, DE 2410060 Al, DE 8807090 Ul, DE 3923694 Cl, Cl DE 4,235,766, DE 4,438,533 Al and DE 19802662 Al).
  • corona discharges take the form of short individual pulses having a frequency of 10 ... 30 kHz, a pulse width of less than 30 ⁇ and a rise time of less than 5 is ,
  • the corona discharge occurs between two rod-shaped electrodes, each having an electrically conductive core and a dielectric sheath.
  • a first electrical resonant circuit (or primary circuit) is fed for example with a high-frequency current.
  • the disadvantage here is that additionally consuming
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved and more energy efficient method and an associated apparatus for preparing ⁇ or processing of biological cells or of organic materials (process material).
  • process material a method and apparatus for destruction or for direct digestion, ie without conversion to a disperse or liquid phase, the Surface and / or the cells of biomass in the broadest sense (process material) to provide faster recycling of the ingredients, with a direct contact between process material and the high voltage electrodes used is not required, but not cumbersome.
  • this object is achieved by a method having the features of the first claim and by a device having the features of the eighth claim.
  • the field strength, but channel-shaped electric Gasentladun ⁇ gene which can also be characterized as physical plasmas and represent a subset of the comprehensive term physika ⁇ metallic plasmas, on the process material a which is penetrated partially or completely, which leads to an opening of the surface structure and the biological cells of the process material and thus to the release of the ingredients of the cells.
  • a low-energy discharge is generated, by which is meant, however, that a mechanical disruption of the cell ⁇ surface of the biological cells is achieved by the discharge is caused no thermal or chemical conversion or destruction of the cell itself , so the process material is not overheated. Rather, the disruption of the cells is caused by the internal discharge pressure.
  • the electrical gas discharges or physical plasmas are caused by a high-frequency high-frequency voltage which, in a particularly preferred embodiment, is generated by a device through the resonant or nearly resonant magnetic coupling of at least two electrical oscillating circuits.
  • the process material is exposed according to the invention the electrical discha ⁇ gene, the light between at least two electrodes by being transported through the discharge space.
  • one of the electrodes can also be moved relative to the process material.
  • the electrical discharge is low energy, preferably repetitive electrical gas discharges, the channel-shaped form itself (e.g., spark, streamer, Leader discharges or breakdown processes) and which are generated by applying a high frequency, repetitive high voltage to at least one of the electrodes.
  • the channel-shaped form itself e.g., spark, streamer, Leader discharges or breakdown processes
  • the shape and size of the high-voltage electrodes are adapted to the processing of the process material, the formation and spatial distribution of the electrical gas discharges and the vote of the second electrical resonant circuit of the device for performing the method or adaptable depending on the application.
  • a plurality of desired parallel gas discharge channels is produced which the be digested process material (biomass) is fully or at ⁇ least partially penetrate (physically hole) and thereby break the cell structure and destroy, so that the contents of the cells can escape (lighter).
  • the inventive method the destruction or decomposition of the surface and / or the cells of the process ⁇ good is achieved, without this resulting in such a high Ener ⁇ gieeintrag in the process material, which would result in a thermal conversion of the process good result.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by versatile and flexible application possibilities, the gas discharges being connected with respect to their geometry and their energy content to the sequent process material by the skilled person can easily be adapted in order to achieve the aim of the invention, namely on the one hand due to the cell penetrating charge to achieve the digestion of the cell surface and on the other hand, thermal and chemical transformations largely to vermei ⁇ since such conversions of the actual use of the process material (use as biomass, extraction of biological ⁇ rule fabrics, etc.) would reluctantly.
  • the inventive method is also particularly easy to perform and adapt, because the processed material to be processed has only very little repercussions on the respective device and the electrical parameters of the Aufschluction process itself (ie the gas discharges).
  • the invention can eg for more efficient bioenergy production, for industrial purposes in sugar production, bioethanol production, oil extraction, recovery of essential oils or starch, for the pretreatment of plants or parts of plants (eg drying for the spice, tea or herbal production) or for the digestion animal cells are used for the purpose of substance separation or for further processing or for the release or penetration of substances.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that a significant and sustainable opening of the biological cells of the process material is already achieved by the low-energy but spatially extended, channel-shaped gas discharges, but the energy injected into the process can be kept very low and thus no need of Providing large energy storage such as For example, large and massive Hochhardskondensa ⁇ tors and thus the overall energy balance, for example, in the application of the method for bioenergy production can be significantly improved.
  • the process is well ⁇ conveyed through the discharge space between the high voltage electrode assembly and the high voltage electrode arrangement or at least one of the electrodes to be moved over the process material. This generates a relative movement between the process material and at least one of the electrodes.
  • electrical gas discharges or physical plasmas strike the surface of the process material to be disrupted and partially or completely penetrate the process material to be processed, which leads to an opening of the surface structure and the biological cells and thus to the release of the ingredients of the cells.
  • the electrical gas discharges or physical plasmas lead to mechanical destruction but not to thermal or chemical transformations of the process material.
  • high frequency (1 / T 0 ) repetitive gas discharges are generated from a few to a few hundred kilohertz and a repetition rate (1 / T W ) of from several tens to several hundreds of hundreds (see Fig. 9) with a limited spatial spread; which are to be classified as channel-shaped discharges, for example spark, streamer, leader discharges or breakdown processes.
  • the inventive apparatus for digestion of a process ⁇ good comprises a first and a second electrode between which a discharge space is formed.
  • a first and a second electrical resonant circuit are magnetically coupled to each other and operate in resonance or near resonance to produce clear at least one of a repeating Elect ⁇ high voltage.
  • the apparatus further comprises a means for moving the process material, or for moving Minim ⁇ least one of the high voltage electrodes.
  • the advantages of the device according to the invention can be seen especially in the fact that a preferably high-frequency high tension ⁇ voltage is generated, the electric gas discharges or physical plasmas generated predetermined characteristic and thereby reacted as little energy as possible to avoid thermal conversion process in the process material largely.
  • the device is spatially small and flexible decor with ⁇ tet, for example, to ensure the integration of the device in reactors of any shape and size.
  • the device comprises at least two electrical resonant circuits that are magnetically coupled together.
  • the power supply of the device according to the invention is primarily a mains frequency AC voltage or even when needed a DC voltage usable, which allows flexible and network and transnational use of the device and the method.
  • a mains frequency AC voltage or even when needed a DC voltage usable which allows flexible and network and transnational use of the device and the method.
  • the electrode distances of preferably up to 100 cm, more preferably overcome up to 50 cm.
  • the first comprises
  • Oscillating circuit a first inductance, a first capacitance and a passive switching element for opening and closing the first resonant circuit.
  • a switching element in the first resonant circuit is a passive switch element which independently closes the first resonant circuit to allow vibration with his Eigenf ⁇ frequency, and this then also opens again automatically to ensure recharging of the energy storage.
  • Power electronic components or complex additional circuits in the form of control circuits or frequency generators or other types of clock omitted here advantageously.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a high-voltage ⁇ electrode arrangement of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a high-voltage ⁇ electrode arrangement of a third embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a high-voltage ⁇ electrode arrangement of a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first preferred embodiment of a high-voltage electrode
  • FIG. 6 shows a second preferred embodiment of a high-voltage electrode
  • Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device comprises a first high voltage electrode 1 and a second high voltage Nunging electrode 2. Between the high voltage electrodes 1, 2, a discharge space 3 is formed.
  • the electrode shape, the distance, the dielectic in the discharge space and the applied high voltage are chosen so that a large number of desired, parallel, low-energy, repetitive, electrical gas discharges or physical plasmas between the at least two high voltage electrodes 1, 2 arise.
  • a layered or mixed dielectric which includes a réelledes or to be treated process material 4 and the process material 4 surrounding gas, such as air, CO 2 , 2 .
  • an electrically insulating gas path is formed as the discharge space 3 to build up a suitable high voltage and to ignite the electrical gas discharges or physical plasmas with the required discharge characteristic.
  • the skilled person can select the appropriate parameters based on his knowledge of discharge processes, always under the premise to achieve the digestion of the process material and to avoid its thermal transformation. Due to the low-energy but spatially extended, channel-shaped gas discharges, a significant and sustainable opening of the biological cells of the process material is achieved, but the energy injected into the process can be kept very low. Thus, there is no need to provide large energy storage such as large and massive high voltage capacitors and thus the overall energy balance can be significantly improved, for example, in the application of the method for bioenergy production.
  • the latter is treated with a residence time or a temperature to be determined for the process material to be digested Processually tuned throughput, so for example with appropriate conveying or throughput speed, by the high voltage electrode assembly 1, 2, moves or at least one of the high voltage electrodes is moved away with entspre ⁇ chender speed on the process material, the electrical gas discharges or physical plasmas ignite between the high voltage electrodes ,
  • a conveying device the illustrated embodiment of a conveyor or conveyor belt 5, is arranged in the discharge space 3.
  • the conveyor may also be a turntable or other suitable device.
  • a conveying speed is adjustable by a drive of this conveyor.
  • the conveying device is made of a dielectric material.
  • the second high-voltage electrode 2 is arranged directly below the conveyor belt 5.
  • the conveyor belt 5 itself consists of an electrically highly conductive material and thereby simultaneously forms the second high-voltage electrode 2 itself.
  • FIG. 4 Another preferred high voltage electrode arrangement is shown in FIG.
  • the delivery of the process material 4 through the high-voltage electrical ⁇ denan Aunt 1, 2 takes place by exploiting the gravity of the process material by falling of the process material along a fall distance.
  • This imple mentation form has the advantage that no further energy input is required for the promotion of the process material 4 and there is a good mixing of the process material 4 with the air or the surrounding gas.
  • the process material 4 is moved on an inclined plane 6 as a conveying device through the high-voltage electrode arrangement by utilizing the weight of the process material 4 or the process material moves by sliding itself. Throughput speed of the process material 4 to vary by the device according to the invention, the inclination angle of the inclined plane 6 can be vari- iert.
  • the inclined plane 6 consists in the illustrated
  • the inclined plane 6 is made of a dielectric material and is used only lent to promote the process material. Then, the second high-voltage electrode 2 issver pat ⁇ Lich intrinsically ⁇ constantly to dispose accordingly.
  • At least the second high-voltage electrode 2 is designed as a ground or reference electrode.
  • At least the first high-voltage electrode 1, a high-frequency, repe ⁇ tierende high voltage (see Fig. 9) is applied, so that between the two high-voltage electrodes 1, 2 form electrical gas discharges or physical plasmas with the discharge characteristics described above.
  • At least one of the high-voltage electrodes 1, 2 can also be a component of the conveying device.
  • the shape and spatial extent of the high voltage electrodes 1, 2 is crucial for the characteristic and the spatial extent of the high voltage electrodes 1, 2
  • a spatially greatly limited discharge space can be generated with tip or ball electrodes with small diameters, but the location of the discharge ignition is clearly defined. With such an electrode can successful ⁇ Lich caused a strong inhomogeneous electrical field and the location of the ignition of the electrical gas discharge can be accurately determined.
  • tip electrodes 8 or ball electrodes 9 having the required radius of curvature are arranged on a conductive base plate 7.
  • a conductive base plate 7 With such electrode arrangements, it is thus possible to generate a multiplicity of parallel gas discharges. possible.
  • Roden ⁇ using these comb or Bürstenelekt manages to pressurize the process material with a spatially defined, distributed electrical gas discharge channels or to penetrate.
  • various electrode geometries can be combined as desired.
  • individual ball or tip electrodes can in turn face individual ball or tip electrodes or even large-area, planar electrodes or comb or brush electrodes, resulting in a spatially narrow discharge space.
  • combinations of large-area, flat electrodes and comb or brush electrodes are possible, whereby a spatially extended discharge space can be generated.
  • FIG. A device for generating the repetitive high voltage with preferably high frequency in this case comprises a first electrical resonant circuit 10 and a second electrical resonant circuit 11, which are magnetically coupled together.
  • the magnetic coupling can be made loose or solid.
  • an inductance or coil 12 of the first resonant circuit 10 coaxially surrounds one
  • Inductance or coil 13 of the second resonant circuit 11 In this case, the inductance 13 of the second resonant circuit 11 is penetrated by the magnetic field of the inductance 12 of the first resonant circuit 10.
  • the magnetic coupling can be adjusted to one another via the enclosed surface and / or the distance between the two coils 12, 13.
  • the magnetic coupling can also be realized in that the inductance of a first resonant circuit of a primary coil 14 and the inductance of the second resonant circuit ⁇ are formed by a secondary coil 15 of a Hochnapssstrans- formator 16, as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the high-voltage transformer 16 is with or without magnetic material, such as ferrite or iron, out ⁇ leads.
  • the first oscillating circuit 10 comprises at least one capacitance 17 and a switching element 18 for closing and opening the first electrical oscillating circuit 10.
  • the switching element 18 is preferably formed by a spark gap and has the property of reaching the first oscillating circuit 10 after reaching a certain charging voltage of the first capacitor 17 to close automatically, the charging voltage and the capacitance 17 determine the energy input into the first resonant circuit 10. After closing the switching element 18, so for example after the ignition of the spark gap, takes place in the first resonant circuit 10, an electrical oscillation with the natural frequency (1 / T 0 ) of this resonant circuit instead.
  • / 0 / is determined by the first inductance 12 and the first capacitance 17 of the first resonant circuit 10.
  • Elements L and C are therefore selected so that a high-frequency vibration ⁇ with the desired frequency is produced.
  • the resonant circuit dimensioning presents no problems to the person skilled in the art. Compared to other methods or circuits is advantageous that no vibrations or pulses must be impressed by external excitation here.
  • the first resonant circuit 10 generates oscillations with its natural frequency fo, without additional elements or without external impulse.
  • the Switching element 18 opens after the decay of the electrical oscillation, the first resonant circuit 10 independently, for example ⁇ by reconsolidation of a spark gap.
  • the vibration is transmitted to the second resonant circuit 11 by transmitting the magnetic energy of the coils 12, 13, whereby the second resonant circuit 11 also to an electrical ⁇ oscillation with his Natural frequency fi is excited and between the high voltage electrodes 1, 2, a high-frequency repetitive high voltage ui (see Fig. 9) is formed.
  • the principle of resonance is used according to the invention, ie the natural frequency of the second or further oscillating circuits must correspond as closely as possible to the natural frequency of the first, exciting oscillating circuit.
  • the second or further oscillating circuits are formed by the second inductance 13 of the second oscillating circuit 11 and / or the inductances of further oscillating circuits and a respective high voltage electrode arrangement connected thereto, wherein the capacitance of the second resonant circuit 11 or further oscillating circuits is mainly due to the geometric capacitance or configuration the connected high-voltage electrode arrangement and the layered or mixed dielectric located in the discharge space 3 between the high-voltage electrodes 1, 2, which comprises a gas, such as air, CO 2 , 2 , and the process material 4 to be digested or treated.
  • the parallel operation of a plurality of first oscillating circuits 10, which are each magnetically coupled with one or more further oscillating circuits, is within the scope of the invention.
  • the parallel operated first oscillating circuits 10 may have the same or different natural frequencies and a phase shift.
  • the aim is the digestion of grass (process material), for faster utilization in compact biogas plants.
  • the first high-voltage electrode 1 consists of a base plate with the dimen ⁇ solutions 450 mm x 200 mm. On top are 20 Spitzenelekt ⁇ eroden with a tip diameter of 5 mm.
  • the second high-voltage electrode 2 is designed as a grounded, conductive, surface-shaped electrode with dimensions of 450 mm x 400 mm and mounted directly below the conveyor belt 5.
  • the discharge ⁇ space 3 is defined by a distance of 250 mm between the first and second high voltage electrode.
  • First resonant ⁇ circle 10 has the capacity of 17 to 54 nF and the Induktivi ⁇ ty 12 7.5 ⁇ .
  • the second oscillation circuit 11 which is connected to the first high voltage electrode 1, has the inductance / coil 13 with a value of 30 mH. Due to the constructed high-voltage electrode geometry and introduced into the discharge space grass (process material) results in the capacity of the second resonant circuit 11 to 12 pF. In this embodiment, a high voltage having a frequency (1 / T 0 ) of 250 kHz is generated. The repetition rate (T w ) is between 5 ms and 10 ms.
  • a conventional conveyor belt with a conveying speed of about 0.6 m / s is used.
  • the grass is applied as bulk material and moved through the discharge space.
  • the grass lies on the conveyor belt with a bulk density of approx. 50 mm.
  • the goal in this example is the pre-treatment of herbs for faster drying.
  • the first high-voltage electrode 1 consists of a base plate of 450 mm x 200 mm, distributed thereon are 40 tip electrodes with a tip diameter of 2.5 mm.
  • the second high-voltage electrode 2 is formed by a geer ⁇ dete, conductive conveyor with a width of 450 mm.
  • the discharge space 3 is defined with a distance of 150 mm between the first and second high-voltage electrodes.
  • the first oscillating circuit 10 has the capacitance 17 with a value of 44 nF, and the inductance 12 with a value of l4 ⁇ .
  • an air - radio link is ⁇ sets.
  • the second oscillation circuit 11 which is connected to the first high tension ⁇ bias electrode 1, the Induktivi ⁇ ty / spool 13 with a value of 30 mH. Due to the constructed high-voltage electrode geometry and the herbs introduced into the discharge space, the capacitance of the second resonant circuit 11 is 20 pF.
  • a high voltage having a frequency (1 / T o ) of 200 kHz is generated.
  • the repetition rate (T w ) is between 1 ms and 5 ms.
  • a conveyor belt of metal fabric is used with a width of 450 mm, which is connected via sliding ⁇ contacts with ground potential.
  • the conveying speed is approx. 1.7 m / s.
  • On the conveyor belt are the

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif destinés à traiter ou usiner un produit à transformer, en particulier un produit biologique à transformer. La présente invention offre un procédé amélioré et énergétiquement plus efficace, ainsi qu'un dispositif correspondant, destinés à détruire ou décomposer la surface et/ou les cellules d'une biomasse dans le sens le plus large (produit à transformer), afin de libérer plus rapidement et d'exploiter plus efficacement les substances constitutives. Selon l'invention, le produit à transformer est exposé à des décharges électriques ou à des plasmas physiques à faible énergie en forme de canal. La pression de décharge intérieure provoque une décomposition efficace ou la destruction de la surface/des cellules. Les décharges électriques ou plasmas physiques sont produits par une haute tension à fréquence élevée qui est produite par un dispositif à l'aide d'un couplage magnétique, de préférence résonant, entre au moins deux circuits électriques oscillants.
PCT/EP2011/071031 2010-11-25 2011-11-25 Procédé et dispositif destinés à traiter ou usiner un produit à transformer entouré par un fluide gazeux à l'aide de décharges électriques WO2012069632A1 (fr)

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EP11801995.9A EP2643910A1 (fr) 2010-11-25 2011-11-25 Procédé et dispositif destinés à traiter ou usiner un produit à transformer entouré par un fluide gazeux à l'aide de décharges électriques

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DE102010052723.8 2010-11-25
DE201010052723 DE102010052723B4 (de) 2010-11-25 2010-11-25 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vorbereiten oder Bearbeiten von Prozessgut, insbesondere biologischen Prozesgut

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US10150933B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2018-12-11 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Process for removing metal from a metal-containing glyceride oil comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt treatment
US10221374B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2019-03-05 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Process for refining glyceride oil comprising a basic quaternary ammonium salt treatment
US10301572B1 (en) 2017-11-10 2019-05-28 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Process for extracting fatty acids from triglyceride oils
US10316268B2 (en) 2015-05-27 2019-06-11 The Queen's University Of Belfast Process for removing chloropropanols and/or glycidol, or their fatty acid esters, from glyceride oil, and an improved glyceride oil refining process comprising the same

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