WO2012063740A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法及び非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法及び非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a positive electrode current collector used in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, and a method for producing a positive electrode.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are used in various electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers as portable power sources because they can withstand heavy load discharge and can be used repeatedly by charging. As these electronic devices are being made smaller and lighter one after another, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries as portable power sources will be further reduced in size, weight, and energy density. There is an increasing demand.
- lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used because of their high energy density, and the market is growing significantly.
- the positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery usually has a lithium-containing transition such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron oxide, or lithium iron phosphate on a current collector made of aluminum or the like. It is obtained by forming an active material layer containing a metal compound.
- a lithium-containing transition such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron oxide, or lithium iron phosphate on a current collector made of aluminum or the like. It is obtained by forming an active material layer containing a metal compound.
- the surface of the current collector is anodized in hydrochloric acid in order to prevent deterioration of the adhesion at the interface between the active material and the current collector due to expansion and contraction of the active material due to charge and discharge.
- a method for producing a positive electrode in which an active material layer is formed on the roughened surface after roughening is a method for producing a positive electrode in which an active material layer is formed on the roughened surface after roughen
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a method for producing a positive electrode current collector for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of improving electronic conductivity between an active material and a current collector, A method for producing a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided.
- the method for producing a positive electrode current collector for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a method for producing a positive electrode current collector for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the surface of an aluminum current collecting base material is roughened with an etching agent.
- An aqueous alkaline etching agent containing an alkali source and amphoteric metal ions, and an aqueous ferric ion etching agent containing a ferric ion source, a cupric ion source, a manganese ion source, and an inorganic acid. Is a method for producing a positive electrode current collector for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a method for producing a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is a method for producing a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which an active material layer is formed on an aluminum positive electrode current collector,
- the aluminum positive electrode current collector is a positive electrode current collector obtained by the method for producing a positive electrode current collector for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention, It is a manufacturing method of the positive electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which forms the said active material layer on the roughened surface of the said positive electrode electrical power collector.
- the “aluminum” in the present invention may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- “aluminum” refers to aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the surface of the aluminum current collector substrate is roughened with a specific etching agent. Therefore, it is considered that the electron conductivity between the active material and the current collector can be improved by increasing the contact area between the current collector and the active material.
- the aluminum current collecting base material (hereinafter also simply referred to as “base material”) that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and various shapes can be used.
- base material having a foil shape, an expanded metal shape, a punching metal shape, a foam metal shape, a net shape, or the like can be used, and a foil-like base material is preferable from the viewpoint of forming a uniform roughened surface.
- the thickness of the substrate that can be used in the present invention is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient strength.
- 50 micrometers or less are preferable and 30 micrometers or less are more preferable.
- etching agent 1 or more types chosen from the said alkaline aqueous solution type etching agent and said ferric ion aqueous solution type etching agent are used as an etching agent which roughens a base material.
- the contact area between the current collector and the active material is increased, and electrons between the active material and the current collector are increased. It is thought that conductivity can be improved. From the viewpoint of obtaining a good roughened shape suitable for electron conduction, it is preferable to use the alkaline aqueous solution type etching agent as the etching agent.
- each component of the etching agent that can be used in the present invention will be described.
- the alkaline aqueous etching agent contains an alkali source and an amphoteric metal ion, and may contain a thio compound, an oxidizing agent, various additives, and the like as necessary.
- the content of the alkali source is preferably 0.60% by weight or more, more preferably 1.45% by weight or more as a hydroxide ion. More preferably, it is 50% by weight or more. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining an appropriate roughening treatment rate, the content of the alkali source is preferably 22.80% by weight or less, more preferably 16.30% by weight or less as hydroxide ions. More preferably, it is 12.25% by weight or less.
- the amphoteric metal ions are not particularly limited as long as they are other than Al ions, and examples thereof include Zn ions, Pb ions, Sn ions, Sb ions, Cd ions, etc., and a viewpoint of obtaining a good roughened shape suitable for electron conduction. In view of reducing the environmental load, Zn ions and Sn ions are preferable, and Zn ions are more preferable.
- the content of amphoteric metal ions is preferably 0.2% by weight or more, more preferably 0.5% by weight or more, from the viewpoint of obtaining a good roughened shape suitable for electron conduction. More preferably, it is 0.0% by weight or more. Further, from the viewpoint of obtaining an appropriate roughening treatment rate, the content of amphoteric metal ions is preferably 6.0% by weight or less, more preferably 4.4% by weight or less, 3.5 More preferably, it is not more than% by weight.
- Amphoteric metal ions can be contained in an alkaline aqueous etching agent by blending an amphoteric metal ion source.
- amphoteric metal ion sources include zinc nitrate, zinc borate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc bromide, basic zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide and the like in the case of a Zn ion source.
- the alkaline aqueous etching agent that can be used in the present invention may be blended with a thio compound from the viewpoint of obtaining a good roughened shape suitable for electron conduction by performing a fine roughening treatment.
- the content of the thio compound is preferably 0.05% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, and 0.2% by weight or more. More preferably. From the same viewpoint, the content of the thio compound is preferably 25.0% by weight or less, more preferably 20.0% by weight or less, and further preferably 15.0% by weight or less.
- the thio compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably one or more selected from thiosulfate ions and thio compounds having 1 to 7 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of obtaining a good roughened shape suitable for electron conduction, More preferably, it is at least one selected from thiosulfate ions and thio compounds having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- ions such as thiosulfate ions can be contained in the alkaline aqueous etching agent by blending the ion source.
- Examples of the thio compound having 1 to 7 carbon atoms include thiourea (carbon number 1), ammonium thioglycolate (carbon number 2), thioglycolic acid (carbon number 2), thioglycerol (carbon number 3), L-thioproline.
- Carbon number 4 dithiodiglycolic acid (carbon number 4), ⁇ , ⁇ ′-thiodipropionic acid (carbon number 5), sodium N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (carbon number 5), 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (carbon number 6), 3,3′-dithiodipropanol (carbon number 6), o-thiocresol (carbon number 7), p-thiocresol (carbon number 7), etc. Can be mentioned.
- the alkaline aqueous etching agent that can be used in the present invention may contain an oxidizing agent in order to redissolve the amphoteric metal that precipitates on the substrate surface by a substitution reaction with aluminum during the roughening treatment of aluminum.
- the content of the oxidizing agent is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, more preferably 1.0% by weight or more, from the viewpoint of resolubility of the amphoteric metal. More preferably, it is 0.0% by weight or more.
- the content of the oxidizing agent is preferably 10.0% by weight or less, more preferably 8.4% by weight or less, More preferably, it is 6.0% by weight or less.
- oxidizing agent examples include chloric acid such as chlorous acid and hypochlorous acid and salts thereof, oxidizable metal salts such as permanganate, chromate, dichromate and cerium (IV) salt, nitro group
- peroxides such as contained compounds, hydrogen peroxide and persulfate, and nitrate ions. Of these, nitrate ions are preferred from the viewpoint of stability in an alkaline aqueous etching agent.
- Nitrate ions can be included in the alkaline aqueous etching agent by blending a nitrate ion source.
- nitrate ion sources include nitric acid, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and zinc nitrate.
- a surfactant may be added to the alkaline aqueous etching agent that can be used in the present invention to prevent unevenness due to surface contaminants such as fingerprints, and other additives may be added as necessary.
- Other additives include additives for suppressing sludge generation associated with aluminum dissolution, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, alkanolamines such as triethanolamine, azoles such as imidazole, citric acid, malic acid, glucone. Examples thereof include oxycarboxylic acids such as acids and salts thereof. When these other components are added, the content is preferably about 0.1 to 5% by weight.
- aqueous alkaline etchant that can be used in the present invention can be easily prepared by dissolving the above-described components in ion-exchanged water or the like.
- the ferric ion aqueous solution-based etching agent contains a ferric ion source, a cupric ion source, a manganese ion source, and an inorganic acid, and may contain various additives as necessary.
- the ferric ion source in the aqueous ferric ion solution-based etchant that can be used in the present invention is a component that oxidizes aluminum.
- the ferric ion source include ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate, and ferric chloride.
- ferric chloride is preferable because it has excellent solubility and is inexpensive.
- the content of the ferric ion source is preferably 1.5 to 9.0% by weight as iron ions, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0% by weight, and still more preferably 4.0 to 6%. 0.0% by weight. If the said content is 1.5 weight% or more, the fall of the roughening rate (dissolution rate) of aluminum can be prevented. On the other hand, when the content is 9.0% by weight or less, the roughening rate can be properly maintained, and thus uniform roughening is possible.
- the cupric ion source in the ferric ion aqueous solution etchant that can be used in the present invention is a component for quickly removing the oxide film formed on the substrate surface before the treatment.
- the cupric ion source include cupric sulfate, cupric chloride, cupric nitrate, and cupric hydroxide.
- cupric sulfate is preferred because it is inexpensive.
- the content of the cupric ion source is preferably 0.05 to 1.0% by weight as copper ions, more preferably 0.10 to 0.8% by weight, and still more preferably 0.15 to 0.8%. 4% by weight.
- the content is 0.05% by weight or more, the oxide layer can be easily removed.
- the content is 1.0% by weight or less, substitutional precipitation of metallic copper on the substrate surface can be prevented.
- the manganese ion source in the ferric ion aqueous solution-based etching agent that can be used in the present invention is a component for uniformly roughening the surface of the substrate.
- Examples of the manganese ion source include manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese acetate, manganese fluoride, and manganese nitrate.
- manganese sulfate and manganese chloride are preferable because they are inexpensive.
- the content of the manganese ion source is preferably 0.02 to 1.5% by weight as manganese ions, more preferably 0.06 to 0.6% by weight, still more preferably 0.10 to 0.5% by weight. %. If the said content is 0.02 weight% or more, the effect of adding a manganese ion source can fully be exhibited. On the other hand, if the content is 1.5% by weight or less, cost reduction is facilitated.
- the inorganic acid in the aqueous ferric ion solution-based etchant that can be used in the present invention is a component that dissolves aluminum oxidized by ferric ions.
- the inorganic acid include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, sulfamic acid, and the like.
- sulfuric acid is preferred because it has almost no odor and is inexpensive.
- the content of the inorganic acid is preferably 5 to 30% by weight, more preferably 7 to 25% by weight, and still more preferably 12 to 18% by weight. If the content is 5% by weight or more, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the aluminum roughening rate (dissolution rate). On the other hand, when the content is 30% by weight or less, crystallization of the aluminum salt can be prevented when the liquid temperature is lowered, so that workability can be improved.
- a surfactant may be added to the ferric ion aqueous solution etchant that can be used in the present invention to prevent unevenness due to surface contaminants such as fingerprints, and other additives may be added as necessary. May be.
- the ferric ion aqueous solution type etching agent of the present invention can be easily prepared by dissolving each of the above components in ion exchange water or the like.
- the roughening treatment method include treatment methods such as immersion and spraying.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C., and the treatment time is preferably about 10 to 300 seconds. After the treatment, washing and drying are usually performed.
- the roughened surface is acid washed for the purpose of removing the precipitated amphoteric metal.
- the acid used for the acid cleaning is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve amphoteric metals, but in particular, roughening with one or more aqueous solutions selected from nitric acid aqueous solution, sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and aqueous solution containing sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. It is preferable to treat the surface. This is because the amphoteric metal deposited on the substrate surface can be removed and the substrate surface can be repassivated at the same time, so that the oxidation resistance against a high potential can be improved. Examples of the treatment of the aqueous solution include treatment by dipping, spraying, and the like.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the treatment time is preferably about 5 to 40 seconds. After the treatment, washing and drying are usually performed.
- the concentration of nitric acid is preferably 5 to 65% by weight and more preferably 25 to 45% by weight from the viewpoint of the amphoteric metal removal performance and the corrosiveness to aluminum.
- concentration of sulfuric acid is preferably 5 to 60% by weight and more preferably 20 to 40% by weight from the viewpoint of amphoteric metal removal performance and corrosiveness to aluminum.
- the concentration of sulfuric acid is preferably 5 to 60% by weight and 20 to 40% by weight from the viewpoint of amphoteric metal removal performance and corrosiveness to aluminum. It is more preferable. From the same viewpoint, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is preferably 1 to 40% by weight, and more preferably 5 to 30% by weight.
- the treated surface is further treated.
- Anodization treatment alumite treatment
- the anodizing treatment the oxidation resistance against a high potential can be further improved.
- hydrohalic acid such as hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, or one or more metals selected from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are used.
- the roughened surface may be cleaned using an alkaline aqueous solution containing a hydroxide.
- the roughened surface is washed with hydrohalic acid or an alkaline aqueous solution, the roughened surface is slightly etched, so that the shape of the roughened surface can be controlled. Thereby, the roughened surface shape suitable for the magnitude
- hydrohalic acid In order to form a roughened surface having deeper recesses, it is preferable to treat with hydrohalic acid.
- the alkaline aqueous solution is an aqueous solution not containing amphoteric metal ions.
- hydrohalic acid having a hydrogen halide concentration of 1 to 35% by weight from the viewpoint of easily controlling the shape of the roughened surface.
- Hydrochloric acid is preferably hydrochloric acid from the viewpoints of cost and handling.
- examples of the treatment method include treatment by dipping and spraying.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the treatment time is preferably about 5 to 300 seconds. After the treatment, washing and drying are usually performed.
- an alkaline aqueous solution having a hydroxide concentration of 1 to 48% by weight from the viewpoint of easily controlling the shape of the roughened surface.
- the hydroxide potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are preferable from the viewpoints of cost and handling.
- examples of the treatment method include treatment by dipping, spraying and the like.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the treatment time is preferably about 5 to 300 seconds.
- washing and drying are usually performed.
- cleaning a roughened surface with the said alkaline aqueous solution it is preferable to further acid-wash the roughened surface after washing
- the acid used for the acid cleaning, the treatment conditions, and the like are the same as in the case of the acid cleaning performed for the purpose of removing the amphoteric metal described above.
- ferric ion aqueous solution type etching agent Even when using ferric ion aqueous solution type etching agent, if there is significant contamination such as machine oil on the substrate surface of the object to be treated, after degreasing, roughening with ferric ion aqueous solution type etching agent What is necessary is just to process.
- the roughening treatment method include treatment methods such as immersion and spraying.
- the treatment temperature is preferably 20 to 30 ° C., and the treatment time is preferably about 10 to 300 seconds. After the treatment, washing and drying are usually performed.
- the surface of the substrate may become too fine, but in such a case, it is fine with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a concentration of about 1 to 5% by weight. Only the excessive portion should be dissolved and removed. In this case, it is preferable that the smut remaining on the surface after the treatment with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is dissolved and removed with dilute nitric acid.
- the ferric ion aqueous solution etchant after roughening the substrate can easily aggregate and precipitate dissolved aluminum by adding sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc. to neutralize it. The waste liquid treatment is easy.
- the substrate surface is roughened into a concavo-convex shape by a roughening treatment using the alkaline aqueous solution type etching agent or the ferric ion aqueous solution type etching agent.
- the etching amount (dissolution amount) of aluminum in the depth direction is preferably 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m, calculated from the weight, specific gravity and surface area of the dissolved aluminum, and preferably 0.2 to 2. It is more preferably 5 ⁇ m, and further preferably 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m. If the etching amount is within the above range, a good roughened shape suitable for electron conduction can be obtained.
- the etching amount can be adjusted by the processing temperature, processing time, and the like.
- the substrate when the substrate is roughened using the alkaline aqueous solution-based etchant or the ferric ion aqueous solution-based etchant, the entire surface of the substrate may be roughened, and the active material layer Only the surface on which is formed may be partially roughened.
- the treatment with the alkaline aqueous solution-based etching agent and the treatment with the ferric ion aqueous solution-based etching agent may be used in combination.
- the order of processing in this case is not limited.
- wet etching with other etching agents and various dry etchings may be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the positive electrode current collector for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained by the roughening treatment described above (hereinafter also simply referred to as “current collector”) is formed by forming an active material layer on the roughened surface.
- a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (hereinafter also simply referred to as “positive electrode”) is obtained.
- an embodiment of a method for producing a positive electrode will be described using a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery as an example.
- the active material constituting the active material layer of the positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of occluding and releasing lithium, and examples thereof include metal chalcogenide-based positive electrode materials.
- the current collector obtained by the method of the present invention when used, an active material containing lithium iron phosphate and a collector are collected. It is possible to improve electronic conductivity with the electric body. That is, even if an active material having a high electron conduction resistance such as lithium iron phosphate is used, according to the present invention, the contact area between the current collector and the active material is increased. It is considered that the electron conductivity can be improved.
- a conductive agent can also be used as a constituent material of the active material layer.
- the conductive agent may be anything as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not cause a chemical change at the charge / discharge potential of the active material used.
- natural graphite such as flake graphite
- graphite such as artificial graphite
- carbon black such as acetylene black, ketjen black
- Conductive fibers, metal powders such as carbon fluoride and aluminum, conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate, conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide, organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc.
- Conductive fibers, metal powders such as carbon fluoride and aluminum, conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate, conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide, organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc.
- the addition amount of the conductive agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight and more preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the active material.
- the method for forming the active material layer on the roughened surface of the current collector is not particularly limited, and a known active material layer forming method can be employed.
- a known active material layer forming method can be employed.
- an active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent are mixed. It is possible to adopt a method in which a slurry is prepared, and this slurry is applied and dried on the roughened surface of the current collector.
- any of conventional binders used for forming a positive electrode can be used, but polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyamideimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and the like are preferable. Can be used.
- the binder content is preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight and more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the active material.
- any conventional solvent used for forming a positive electrode can be used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- DMF dimethylformamide
- dimethylacetamide methyl ethyl ketone
- tetrahydrofuran acetone
- ethanol Ethyl acetate
- Any conventionally known additive used for forming the positive electrode can be added to the slurry.
- the viscosity of the slurry at 25 ° C. is preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ s or more, and more preferably 2000 mPa ⁇ s or more, from the viewpoint of setting the thickness of the active material layer to an appropriate range. Further, from the viewpoint of applicability to the current collector, the viscosity is preferably 15000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and more preferably 10000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the thickness of the active material layer is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, and is usually 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the solid content concentration of the slurry is preferably 20 to 60% by weight and more preferably 25 to 55% by weight from the viewpoint of preferable slurry viscosity.
- the positive electrode obtained by the above method is laminated (or wound) together with the negative electrode and the separator in the manufacturing process of the lithium ion secondary battery. And a lithium ion secondary battery is manufactured by inject
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the method of forming the active material layer directly on the base material has been described as an example.
- an intermediate layer made of graphite or the like is formed on the base material, and the active material layer is formed on the intermediate layer. It may be formed.
- this invention optimizes a collector surface structure and is between collector / active material layers (or intermediate
- the present invention can also be applied to a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery other than a lithium ion secondary battery such as a magnesium ion secondary battery or a calcium ion secondary battery.
- aqueous solution having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.
- an aluminum foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) defined in JIS A1050H H18 is immersed and shaken, and after etching by the etching amount shown in Table 1, it is washed with water and 35% by weight Was immersed in a nitric acid aqueous solution (30 ° C.), rocked for 20 seconds, washed with water and dried.
- the roughened surfaces of the current collectors of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM photographs at that time are shown in FIGS. Although all of the examples were roughened uniformly, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 had uneven unevenness.
- olivine type lithium iron phosphate 56.3% by weight
- acetylene black 5.3% by weight
- polyvinylidene fluoride 4.6% by weight
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 33.8% by weight
- the positive electrode 14 mm ⁇ 20 mm
- an active material layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was formed on the current collector by applying the slurry on the roughened surface of each current collector of the above Examples and Comparative Examples and drying the slurry.
- the density of the active material layer of the obtained positive electrode was 2.0 g / cm 3 .
- aqueous solution having the same composition as in Example 2 was prepared.
- an aluminum foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) defined in JIS A1050H H18 was immersed and swung, and etched by an etching amount of 1.0 ⁇ m (equivalent to 2.70 g / m 2 ). After that, it was washed with water. Subsequently, it was immersed in hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride concentration: 7% by weight) at 25 ° C., rocked for 30 seconds, washed with water and dried to obtain a current collector of Example 12.
- the roughened surface of the current collector of Example 12 obtained was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM photographs at that time are shown in FIGS.
- Example 13 An aqueous solution having the same composition as in Example 2 was prepared.
- an aluminum foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) defined in JIS A1050H H18 was immersed and swung, and etched by an etching amount of 1.0 ⁇ m (equivalent to 2.70 g / m 2 ). After that, it was washed with water.
- the current collector of Example 13 was obtained by rocking, washing with water and drying.
- the roughened surface of the current collector obtained in Example 13 was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM photographs at that time are shown in FIGS.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
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Abstract
Description
前記エッチング剤が、アルカリ源と両性金属イオンとを含むアルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤、及び第二鉄イオン源と第二銅イオン源とマンガンイオン源と無機酸とを含む第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤から選ばれる一種以上である、非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法である。
前記アルミニウム製正極集電体が、上記本発明の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法により得られた正極集電体であり、
前記正極集電体の粗化処理した表面上に前記活物質層を形成する、非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法である。
本発明に使用できるアルミニウム製集電基材(以下、単に「基材」ともいう)は、非水電解質二次電池の正極に使用できる限り、特に限定されず、様々な形状のものが使用できる。例えば、箔状、エキスパンドメタル状、パンチングメタル状、発泡メタル状、網状等の形状の基材が使用でき、均一な粗化面を形成する観点からは、箔状の基材が好ましい。また、本発明に使用できる基材の厚みは、十分な強度を得る観点から10μm以上が好ましく、15μm以上がより好ましい。また、活物質の充填量を上げる観点から、50μm以下が好ましく、30μm以下がより好ましい。
本発明では、基材を粗化処理するエッチング剤として、前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤及び前記第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤から選ばれる一種以上を使用する。本発明では、前記特定のエッチング剤でアルミニウム製集電基材の表面を粗化処理するため、集電体と活物質との接触面積が増加し、活物質と集電体との間の電子伝導性を向上させることができると考えられる。電子伝導に適した良好な粗化形状を得るという観点からは、エッチング剤として、前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤を用いることが好ましい。以下、本発明に使用できるエッチング剤の各成分について説明する。
まず、アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤について説明する。アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤は、アルカリ源と両性金属イオンとを含み、必要に応じて、チオ化合物、酸化剤、各種添加剤等を含むことができる。
アルカリ源としては、特に限定されないが、アルミニウムの溶解性の観点、及びコスト低減の観点から、NaOH、KOHが好ましい。アルカリ源の含有量は、良好な粗化形状を得るという観点から、水酸化物イオンとして0.60重量%以上であることが好ましく、1.45重量%以上であることがより好ましく、2.50重量%以上であることが更に好ましい。また、適切な粗化処理速度を得るという観点から、アルカリ源の含有量は、水酸化物イオンとして22.80重量%以下であることが好ましく、16.30重量%以下であることがより好ましく、12.25重量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
両性金属イオンとしては、Alイオン以外であれば特に限定されず、Znイオン、Pbイオン、Snイオン、Sbイオン、Cdイオン等が例示でき、電子伝導に適した良好な粗化形状を得るという観点、及び環境負荷の低減の観点からZnイオン、Snイオンが好ましく、Znイオンがより好ましい。両性金属イオンの含有量は、電子伝導に適した良好な粗化形状を得るという観点から、0.2重量%以上であることが好ましく、0.5重量%以上であることがより好ましく、1.0重量%以上であることが更に好ましい。また、適切な粗化処理速度を得るという観点から、両性金属イオンの含有量は、6.0重量%以下であることが好ましく、4.4重量%以下であることがより好ましく、3.5重量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
本発明に使用できるアルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤には、緻密な粗化処理を行うことによって、電子伝導に適した良好な粗化形状を得るという観点からチオ化合物を配合してもよい。チオ化合物を配合する場合、同様の観点から、チオ化合物の含有量は、0.05重量%以上であることが好ましく、0.1重量%以上であることがより好ましく、0.2重量%以上であることが更に好ましい。同様の観点から、チオ化合物の含有量は、25.0重量%以下であることが好ましく、20.0重量%以下であることがより好ましく、15.0重量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
本発明に使用できるアルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤には、アルミニウムの粗化処理中にアルミニウムとの置換反応で基材表面上に析出する両性金属を再溶解させるために、酸化剤を配合してもよい。酸化剤を配合する場合、酸化剤の含有量は、両性金属の再溶解性の観点から、0.5重量%以上であることが好ましく、1.0重量%以上であることがより好ましく、2.0重量%以上であることが更に好ましい。また、電子伝導に適した良好な粗化形状を得るという観点から、酸化剤の含有量は、10.0重量%以下であることが好ましく、8.4重量%以下であることがより好ましく、6.0重量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
前記酸化剤としては亜塩素酸、次亜塩素酸等の塩素酸及びそれらの塩、過マンガン酸塩、クロム酸塩、重クロム酸塩、セリウム(IV)塩等の酸化性金属塩類、ニトロ基含有化合物、過酸化水素、過硫酸塩等の過酸化物、硝酸イオンなどが挙げられる。なかでも、アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤中における安定性の観点から、硝酸イオンが好ましい。
本発明に使用できるアルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤には、指紋などの表面汚染物による粗化のむらを防ぐために界面活性剤を添加してもよく、必要に応じて他の添加剤を添加してもよい。他の添加剤としては、アルミニウムの溶解に伴うスラッジ発生を抑制するための添加剤、例えばモノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミンなどのアルカノールアミン、イミダゾール等のアゾール類、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、グルコン酸などのオキシカルボン酸およびそれらの塩等が例示できる。これら他の成分を添加する場合、その含有量は、0.1~5重量%程度であるのが好ましい。
次に、第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤について説明する。第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤は、第二鉄イオン源と第二銅イオン源とマンガンイオン源と無機酸とを含み、必要に応じて、各種添加剤等を含むことができる。
本発明に使用できる第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤における第二鉄イオン源は、アルミニウムを酸化する成分である。前記第二鉄イオン源としては、硝酸第二鉄、硫酸第二鉄、塩化第二鉄などがあげられる。前記第二鉄イオン源のうちでは、塩化第二鉄が溶解性に優れ、安価であるという点から好ましい。
本発明に使用できる第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤における第二銅イオン源は、処理前の基材表面に形成されている酸化膜を速やかに除去するための成分である。前記第二銅イオン源としては、硫酸第二銅、塩化第二銅、硝酸第二銅、水酸化第二銅などがあげられる。前記第二銅イオン源のうちでは、硫酸第二銅が安価であるという点から好ましい。
本発明に使用できる第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤におけるマンガンイオン源は、基材表面をむらなく一様に粗化するための成分である。前記マンガンイオン源としては、硫酸マンガン、塩化マンガン、酢酸マンガン、フッ化マンガン、硝酸マンガンなどがあげられる。前記マンガンイオン源のうちでは、硫酸マンガンや塩化マンガンが安価であるなどの点から好ましい。
本発明に使用できる第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤における無機酸は、第二鉄イオンにより酸化されたアルミニウムを溶解させる成分である。前記無機酸としては、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、リン酸、過塩素酸、スルファミン酸などがあげられる。前記無機酸のうちでは、臭気がほとんどなく、安価である点から硫酸が好ましい。
まず、表1に示す組成の水溶液を調製した。得られた水溶液(30℃)中に、JIS A1050H H18に規定されたアルミニウム箔(厚み20μm)を浸漬して揺動させ、表1に示すエッチング量だけエッチングした後、水洗を行い、35重量%の硝酸水溶液(30℃)中に浸漬して、20秒間揺動させ、水洗、乾燥した。得られた集電体のうち、実施例1~5及び比較例1~3の集電体の粗化面について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて観察した。その際のSEM写真を図1~10に示す。実施例は何れも均一に粗化されているが、比較例2及び比較例3は凹凸形状が不均一であった。
まず、LiMn2O4(64.0重量%)とアセチレンブラック(3.6重量%)とポリフッ化ビニリデン(4.0重量%)とN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(28.4重量%)とを混合して正極活物質スラリーを調製した。次いで、上記集電体の粗化面上に上記スラリーを塗布し、乾燥して、集電体上に厚み60μmの活物質層が形成された正極(14mm×20mm)を得た。なお、得られた正極の活物質層の密度は2.4g/cm3であった。
ソーラートロン社製 セルテストシステム147060BEC型を用いて、25℃の雰囲気下、上記正極に0.1Hz、1.0Hz、1kHz、20kHzの交流電流を印加し、その際の交流インピーダンスを測定した。結果を表2に示す。なお、高周波領域の交流インピーダンスは、活物質層中のイオン伝導が抑制されるため、主に電子伝導に由来する抵抗の影響を受け易くなる傾向にある。
まず、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ(65.7重量%)とアセチレンブラック(1.4重量%)とポリフッ化ビニリデン(3.5重量%)とN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(29.4重量%)とを混合して負極活物質スラリーを調製した。次いで、厚み20μmの圧延銅箔(表面処理なし)上に上記スラリーを塗布し、乾燥して、圧延銅箔上に厚み35μmの活物質層が形成された負極(14mm×21mm)を得た。なお、得られた負極の活物質層の密度は1.3g/cm3であった。次に、上記負極と、上記交流インピーダンス測定に用いた正極の作製方法と同様の方法で得られた正極と、多孔質ポリエチレン製セパレータと、エチレンカーボネート(EC)及びメチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)の混合溶媒(容量比はEC:MEC=3:7)に1MのLiPF6を溶解させた電解液とを用いて、試験セルを組み立てた。この際、対向面積(電極有効面積)は2.8cm2とし、外装材にはアルミニウムラミネート材を用いた。
ソーラートロン社製 セルテストシステム147060BEC型を用いて、以下の方法で内部抵抗の測定を行った。まず、上記試験セルを満充電状態とした後、25℃の雰囲気下において0.5C(2時間で全放電する電流量)負荷の放電を行い、放電開始12分後に放電を休止し、このときの電圧変化によりセルの内部抵抗の測定を行った。この際、放電を休止すると同時に瞬間的に電圧が回復する成分をオーム成分とし、その後緩やかに電圧が回復する成分を平衡成分とし、それらの和を電流休止法による内部抵抗とした。結果を表3に示す。なお、オーム成分は主に電子伝導に由来する抵抗を表し、平衡成分は主にセル内部のイオン伝導に由来する抵抗を表している。
まず、上述した実施例2と同じ組成の水溶液を調製した。得られた水溶液(30℃)中に、JIS A1050H H18に規定されたアルミニウム箔(厚み20μm)を浸漬して揺動させ、1.0μm(2.70g/m2相当)のエッチング量だけエッチングした後、水洗を行った。次いで、25℃の塩酸(塩化水素濃度:7重量%)中に浸漬して、30秒間揺動させた後、水洗、乾燥し、実施例12の集電体を得た。得られた実施例12の集電体の粗化面について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて観察した。その際のSEM写真を図11~13に示す。
まず、上述した実施例2と同じ組成の水溶液を調製した。得られた水溶液(30℃)中に、JIS A1050H H18に規定されたアルミニウム箔(厚み20μm)を浸漬して揺動させ、1.0μm(2.70g/m2相当)のエッチング量だけエッチングした後、水洗を行った。次いで、5重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(25℃)中に浸漬して、2分間揺動させた後、水洗し、更に35重量%の硝酸水溶液(30℃)中に浸漬して、20秒間揺動させ、水洗、乾燥し、実施例13の集電体を得た。得られた実施例13の集電体の粗化面について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて観察した。その際のSEM写真を図14~16に示す。
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2(42.8重量%)とアセチレンブラック(3.5重量%)とポリフッ化ビニリデン(3.5重量%)とN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(50.2重量%)とを混合して正極活物質スラリーを調製した。次いで、上記集電体を直径10mmの円盤形状に打抜いた後、その粗化面上に上記スラリーを塗布し、乾燥して、集電体上に厚み20μmの活物質層が形成された正極を得た。なお、得られた正極の活物質層の密度は1.8g/cm3であった。
負極として金属リチウムからなる円盤状負極(直径16mm)を用意し、この負極と、上記正極と、多孔質ポリエチレン製セパレータと、エチレンカーボネート(EC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)の混合溶媒(容量比はEC:DMC=1:1)に1MのLiPF6を溶解させた電解液とを用いて、宝泉社製のセル(商品名:HCフラットセル)に組み込んで、試験セルを作製した。
上記試験セルを25℃の雰囲気下で8時間放置した後、25℃の雰囲気下で表5に示すサイクル1~サイクル7までを順に行った。そして、以下の式により5C、10C及び15Cにおける放電容量維持率を算出した。結果を表6に示す。なお、放電容量維持率の算出に用いたサイクル1,5~7の放電容量は、それぞれのサイクル中において3回の測定で得られた実測値の平均値とした。
5Cにおける放電容量維持率(%)=サイクル5における放電容量/サイクル1における放電容量×100
10Cにおける放電容量維持率(%)=サイクル6における放電容量/サイクル1における放電容量×100
15Cにおける放電容量維持率(%)=サイクル7における放電容量/サイクル1における放電容量×100
Claims (12)
- アルミニウム製集電基材の表面をエッチング剤によって粗化処理する非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法であって、
前記エッチング剤が、アルカリ源と両性金属イオンとを含むアルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤、及び第二鉄イオン源と第二銅イオン源とマンガンイオン源と無機酸とを含む第二鉄イオン水溶液系エッチング剤から選ばれる一種以上である、非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。 - 前記エッチング剤が、前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤である請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- 前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤が、チオ化合物を更に含む請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- 前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤中の前記チオ化合物の含有量が、0.05~25.0重量%である請求項3に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- 前記チオ化合物が、チオ硫酸イオン及び炭素数1~7のチオ化合物から選択される一種以上である請求項3又は4に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- 前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤が、硝酸イオンを更に含む請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウム製集電基材の表面を前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤で粗化処理した後、硝酸水溶液、硫酸水溶液、及び硫酸と過酸化水素とを含有する水溶液から選択される一種以上の水溶液で粗化面を処理する請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウム製集電基材の表面を前記アルカリ水溶液系エッチング剤で粗化処理した後、ハロゲン化水素酸、並びにアルカリ金属及びアルカリ土類金属から選ばれる1種以上の金属の水酸化物を含むアルカリ性水溶液から選択される一種以上の水溶液で粗化面を処理する請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウム製集電基材の表面を粗化処理する際の深さ方向のエッチング量が、0.1~3.0μmである請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法。
- アルミニウム製正極集電体上に活物質層を形成する非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法であって、
前記アルミニウム製正極集電体が、請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の製造方法により得られた正極集電体であり、
前記正極集電体の粗化処理した表面上に前記活物質層を形成する、非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法。 - 前記活物質層が、リチウム含有遷移金属化合物を含む請求項10に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属化合物が、リン酸鉄リチウムである請求項11に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法。
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CN201180052263.1A CN103403934B (zh) | 2010-11-11 | 2011-11-04 | 非水电解质二次电池用正极集电体的制造方法及非水电解质二次电池用正极的制造方法 |
JP2012502042A JP4945016B1 (ja) | 2010-11-11 | 2011-11-04 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極集電体の製造方法及び非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法 |
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Cited By (2)
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CN103620839A (zh) * | 2011-06-21 | 2014-03-05 | 海德鲁铝业钢材有限公司 | 经化学处理的、由铝或铝合金构成的集电箔 |
JP2014207208A (ja) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 電極の製造方法 |
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JP6425225B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-21 | 2018-11-21 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
KR102563893B1 (ko) * | 2016-10-17 | 2023-08-09 | 한국전기연구원 | 나트륨 이온 2차 전지용 복합 음극재의 제조방법 및 그에 의해 제조된 복합 음극재 |
WO2018172272A1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | Umicore | Lithium metal composite oxide powder with suppressed gas generation |
CN110931710A (zh) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-27 | 东莞维科电池有限公司 | 一种正极基底、其制备方法和用途 |
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- 2011-11-04 WO PCT/JP2011/075473 patent/WO2012063740A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-11-04 CN CN201180052263.1A patent/CN103403934B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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CN103403934A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
TWI551728B (zh) | 2016-10-01 |
CN103403934B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
KR20130143057A (ko) | 2013-12-30 |
JP4945016B1 (ja) | 2012-06-06 |
TW201219602A (en) | 2012-05-16 |
JPWO2012063740A1 (ja) | 2014-05-12 |
KR101752032B1 (ko) | 2017-06-28 |
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