WO2012056228A2 - Systèmes de commande de brûleur et procédés de fonctionnement d'un brûleur - Google Patents

Systèmes de commande de brûleur et procédés de fonctionnement d'un brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012056228A2
WO2012056228A2 PCT/GB2011/052072 GB2011052072W WO2012056228A2 WO 2012056228 A2 WO2012056228 A2 WO 2012056228A2 GB 2011052072 W GB2011052072 W GB 2011052072W WO 2012056228 A2 WO2012056228 A2 WO 2012056228A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
burner
air
fuel
pressure
control system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2011/052072
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012056228A3 (fr
Inventor
Brendan Kemp
Original Assignee
Autoflame Engineering Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Autoflame Engineering Limited filed Critical Autoflame Engineering Limited
Priority to EP11778663.2A priority Critical patent/EP2633236A2/fr
Publication of WO2012056228A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012056228A2/fr
Publication of WO2012056228A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012056228A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/184—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/26—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/181—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/54—Recording
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/14—Ambient temperature around burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/18—Detecting fluid leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/26—Fail safe for clogging air inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to burner control systems and to methods of operating a burner.
  • invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to a burner for a large boiler such as might be used in
  • control system the flows of air and fuel are controlled by air and fuel valves respectively, and pairs of values of air and fuel valve settings are stored for varying firing rates of the burner. Those air and fuel valve settings are stored during a commissioning procedure by a commissioning engineer who is able to adjust the valve positions to obtain ideal combustion conditions for a given firing rate.
  • an exhaust gas analysis system is provided. That makes it possible to analyse the exhaust gases from the burner during operation and trim the setting of the air valve from the commissioned setting to a slightly different setting to obtain improved combustion in the burner.
  • Such a closed loop control or feedback system enables good combustion conditions to be maintained, even when conditions change from those that applied during commissioning, since it enables the air to fuel ratio to be finely tuned.
  • the total length of that delay depends upon the firing rate of the burner: at relatively low firing rates, which are common during normal use of a burner, the delay is lengthened and may often be more than 60 seconds or even three times that.
  • a burner control system for controlling operation of a burner, the system including a regulator system for controlling the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner according to stored data, and an exhaust gas analysis system, wherein the control system is arranged to receive a feedback signal from the exhaust gas analysis system for trimming the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner and also an input signal relating to measurement of the ambient air pressure and/or the ambient air temperature and the signal is used to trim the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner.
  • the ambient air pressure and/or the ambient air temperature there are three possibilities that are being referred to: firstly the ambient air pressure and the ambient air temperature may be measured; secondly, the ambient air pressure, but not the ambient air
  • the ambient air temperature may be measured; and thirdly, the ambient air temperature, but not the ambient air pressure, may be measured. It is however preferred that both the ambient pressure and the ambient temperature are measured (the first possibility referred to above) .
  • the invention according to the first aspect firstly recognises that variations in ambient temperature and/or pressure can significantly affect the airflow rate (in terms of mass per unit time) for a given volume airflow rate and consequently lead to a need to trim the air to fuel volumetric flow ratio. Secondly, the invention uses the measurement of ambient conditions to trim the air to fuel volumetric flow ratio.
  • the proportion of air to fuel that is fed to the burner is adjusted by adjusting a fuel valve, but it is generally preferred that an air valve is adjusted to alter the airflow to the burner.
  • the control system is arranged to provide an output signal for adjusting an air valve to alter the airflow to the burner by trimming the setting of the air valve according to the ambient air pressure and/or the ambient air temperature.
  • the flows of air and fuel may be controlled by air and fuel valves respectively.
  • the burner control system may further include a store for storing pairs of values of air and fuel valve settings for varying firing rates of the burner. Such a system provides a simple way of accurately controlling air and fuel flows at different firing rates of the burner. For firing rates between the stored settings, values of air and fuel valve settings can be interpolated.
  • a respective value of air pressure of the airflow to the burner is arranged to be stored.
  • the control system may further include an air pressure sensor for sensing the respective value of air pressure of the airflow.
  • the control system may then be arranged to monitor the air pressure at a given firing rate and compare the monitored air pressure with the stored air pressure value corresponding to that firing rate, or to an interpolated value if the firing rate is between those to which stored air and fuel valve settings relate.
  • a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow to the burner may be arranged to be stored. This may be as an alternative to storing a respective value of air pressure but is preferably in addition to that.
  • the control system may further include a fuel pressure sensor for sensing the respective value of pressure of the fuel flow.
  • the control system may then be arranged to monitor the fuel pressure at a given firing rate and compare the monitored fuel pressure with the stored fuel pressure value corresponding to that firing rate, or to an interpolated value if the firing rate is between those to which stored air and fuel valve settings relate.
  • control system may be designed to shut down the burner in the event that the air or fuel pressure departs by more than, say, 10 per cent from the stored value, or an interpolated value of the stored value.
  • a burner control system for controlling operation of a burner, in which pairs of values of air and fuel valve settings are stored for varying firing rates of the burner, and in which for each pair of values of air and fuel valve settings a respective value of air pressure of the airflow and/or a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow is arranged to be stored.
  • a respective value of air pressure of the airflow and/or a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow being stored that there are three possibilities that are being referred to: firstly both a respective value of air pressure of the airflow and a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow may be stored; secondly, a respective value of air pressure of the airflow, but not a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow may be stored; and thirdly, a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow, but not a respective value of air pressure of the airflow, may be stored. It is however preferred that both a respective value of air pressure of the airflow and a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow are stored (the first possibility referred to above) .
  • control system is arranged to monitor the air pressure and/or the fuel pressure at a given firing rate and compare the monitored air pressure and/or fuel pressure with the stored air and/or fuel pressure value corresponding to that firing rate, or to an interpolated value if the firing rate is between those to which stored air and fuel valve settings relate, and to emit an output signal for shutting down the burner in the event that the compared values differ by more than a predetermined amount
  • system further includes a system for
  • the burner control system includes a burner. Also there may be a fuel valve for adjusting the flow of fuel to the burner and an air valve for adjusting the flow of air to the burner. There may be a sensor for sensing ambient air pressure and/or a sensor for sensing ambient air temperature. Similarly, there may be a sensor for sensing the pressure in the airflow to the burner and/or a sensor for sensing the pressure in the fuel flow to the burner. These components may therefore all be part of the burner control system according to the first or second aspects of the invention.
  • the burner control system is employed in a boiler installation. Accordingly, the invention further provides a boiler installation including a burner control system according to the first or second aspects of the invention .
  • a method of operating a fuel burner in which a regulator system controls the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner, wherein exhaust gases emitted by the burner are analysed and the analysis is used for trimming the proportion of air to fuel feed to the burner, and wherein the ambient air pressure and/or the ambient air temperature are measured and the measurement is also used to trim the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner.
  • an air valve is adjusted to alter the airflow to the burner and the setting of the air valve is trimmed according to the ambient air pressure and/or the ambient air temperature .
  • Exhaust gases emitted by the burner are preferably analysed and the proportion of air to fuel trimmed according to the analysis.
  • a method of operating a burner in which the flows of air and fuel are controlled by air and fuel valves respectively, and pairs of values of air and fuel valve settings are stored for varying firing rates of the burner, and in which for each pair of values of air and fuel valve settings a respective value of air pressure of the airflow and/or a respective value of fuel pressure of the fuel flow is stored.
  • control system includes a system for analysing exhaust gases emitted by the burner and trimming the proportion of air to fuel according to the analysis. It should be understood, however, that the invention is applicable also to control systems that do not include any exhaust gas analysis, since it can still be advantageous to trim the proportion of air to fuel according to ambient conditions .
  • a burner control system for controlling operation of a burner, the system including a regulator system for controlling the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner, wherein the control system is arranged to receive an input signal relating to measurement of the ambient air pressure and/or the ambient air
  • a regulator system controls the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner, wherein the ambient air pressure and/or the ambient air temperature are measured and the measurement is also used to trim the proportion of air to fuel fed to the burner.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a burner control system.
  • a burner control system comprises a fuel burner 1 which in this case is a gas burner and to which gas is fed along a duct 2 via a fan 3 and a butterfly valve 4 and to which air is fed along a duct 5 via a fan 6 and a butterfly valve 7.
  • the gas and air are mixed and combustion takes place.
  • the products of combustion pass from the burner 1 along a duct 8 where an exhaust gas analysis system 9 is placed for analysing the products of combustion.
  • a control unit 10 is provided to control the operation of the burner 1, by controlling the valves 4 and 7 via servomotors 4A and 7A to adjust the gas and air flow rates.
  • the operation of the fans 3 and 6 by motors 3A and 6A is also controlled by the control unit 10.
  • the arrangement described above may be essentially as shown and described in GB 2138610A with the exhaust gas analysis system 9 being essentially as shown and described in GB 2169726A. As already indicated, the disclosures of both GB 2138610A and GB 2169726A are incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore the arrangement described above is commercially available from Autoflame Engineering Ltd, for example as the Mk 7 Evolution MM control unit and the Mk 7 Exhaust Gas Analyser. Such a burner control system is suitable for use as part of a boiler installation which may for example be employed in the heating system of large premises, for example a factory, offices, a hotel or hospital .
  • control unit 10 includes a store in which pairs of air and fuel valve settings are stored for different firing rates of the burner. Those settings are generated by a commissioning engineer when the control system for the burner is first set up.
  • a store 13 is shown with the left hand column, A, showing the numbered rows for different sets of values.
  • the first two of those, B and C store the settings of the gas and air valves as in GB 2138610A; in addition there is a further column, D, that stores a respective gas pressure reading from the sensor 11 for each pair of gas and air valve settings; in further addition there is a still further column, E, that stores a
  • the control unit 10 is connected to receive a feedback signal from the exhaust gas analysis system 9 and that signal is used to trim the air valve setting from the stored value to a slightly different value, as described in GB 2169726A.
  • a temperature sensor 14 that is arranged to sense ambient air temperature
  • a pressure sensor 15 that is arranged to sense ambient air pressure.
  • the control unit 10 is connected to receive signals from the sensors 14 and 15.
  • the control unit is able to trim the setting of the air valve according to a comparison of the ambient pressure and temperature during operation as compared to the ambient temperature and pressure during commissioning. For example, if the ambient temperature is higher during operation than during commissioning, then to obtain the same mass flow rate of air as was obtained during
  • the control unit calculates a trimmed setting of the air valve 7 which is slightly more open.
  • the setting of the air valve 7 can be trimmed to provide an air to fuel ratio that is closer to the commissioned value.
  • the ambient air pressure measurement is processed in a similar manner to the temperature
  • the storing of gas and air pressure values in the ducts 2 and 5 enables a further safety feature to be incorporated in the control system: during operation of the burner, the control unit 10 can compare the stored values for the gas and air pressures in the store 13, with actual measured pressures. If the measured pressures are within a predefined range (say not more than 10% away) of the stored values, then no action is taken. If, on the other hand, one of the measured pressures is outside the predefined range, then that is taken as an indication of some fault, for example failure of a fan, jamming of a valve or blockage of a duct, and the burner is shut down
  • control unit 10 would not detect any such failure until a reading from the exhaust gas analysis system was obtained.
  • the delay in waiting for a reading from the exhaust gas analysis equipment can be as much as a few minutes. It will be seen that the extra controls provided by the control unit 10 enable errors and failures in the burner to be detected sooner and appropriate action taken.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de commande de brûleur pour commander le fonctionnement d'un brûleur. Le système de commande de brûleur comprend une unité de commande (10) qui commande l'écoulement d'air et de combustible et qui reçoit un signal d'entrée qui concerne la pression et/ou la température de l'air ambiant à partir de capteurs (14, 15) et également un signal d'entrée à partir d'un système d'analyse de gaz d'échappement (9). Ces signaux d'entrée sont utilisés pour réduire la proportion air/combustible fournie au brûleur. L'unité de commande (10) comprend une mémoire (13) dans laquelle des paires de réglages de soupape d'air et de combustible sont mémorisées conjointement avec des résultats de pression de gaz provenant d'un capteur (11) et de pression d'air provenant d'un capteur (12).
PCT/GB2011/052072 2010-10-28 2011-10-25 Systèmes de commande de brûleur et procédés de fonctionnement d'un brûleur WO2012056228A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11778663.2A EP2633236A2 (fr) 2010-10-28 2011-10-25 Systèmes de commande de brûleur et procédés de fonctionnement d'un brûleur

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1018178.2A GB2484957A (en) 2010-10-28 2010-10-28 Burner control with stored values for valve settings and pressures
GB1018178.2 2010-10-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012056228A2 true WO2012056228A2 (fr) 2012-05-03
WO2012056228A3 WO2012056228A3 (fr) 2013-05-30

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PCT/GB2011/052072 WO2012056228A2 (fr) 2010-10-28 2011-10-25 Systèmes de commande de brûleur et procédés de fonctionnement d'un brûleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20120107753A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2633236A2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2484957A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012056228A2 (fr)

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GB201018178D0 (en) 2010-12-08

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