WO2012051828A1 - 风机整体安装旋转抱举机构 - Google Patents

风机整体安装旋转抱举机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012051828A1
WO2012051828A1 PCT/CN2011/071850 CN2011071850W WO2012051828A1 WO 2012051828 A1 WO2012051828 A1 WO 2012051828A1 CN 2011071850 W CN2011071850 W CN 2011071850W WO 2012051828 A1 WO2012051828 A1 WO 2012051828A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
basket
fan
opening
lifting mechanism
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/071850
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任明琪
王雷
Original Assignee
三一电气有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 三一电气有限责任公司 filed Critical 三一电气有限责任公司
Publication of WO2012051828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012051828A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/108Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means for lifting parts of wind turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/40Arrangements or methods specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering equipment, in particular to an overall installation rotary holding mechanism of an offshore wind turbine. Background technique
  • Wind energy is a clean energy source.
  • Wind power generation is a way of generating electricity that converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy and then converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Since the wind farms on land have been basically developed, and the wind resources on the sea are very rich, more and more wind farms are built on the sea. The construction of wind farms at sea, the installation of wind turbines (ie wind turbines) is an important step. Installing a fan means installing the fan on a mounting base (usually a connecting flange) based on a fan previously installed in the sea. It is generally required to be installed by means of a fan installation platform dedicated to the installation of offshore wind turbines.
  • split installation is to first transport the parts of the fan to the wind farm in the predetermined sea area by using the carrier, and then use the fan installation platform to hoist the tower, the machine, the hub and the blades of the fan in turn, thereby installing the fan in The fan is mounted on the base.
  • the installation process of the split installation is complicated and takes a long time in the sea. Due to the large sea winds and the complicated sea conditions, the wind turbine installation platform needs to be in a good stable state for a long time. Therefore, the technical difficulty is large, the construction window period is short, and the construction cost is high.
  • the integrated installation is to assemble the wind turbine on the land such as the dock closer to the wind farm, and then transport the whole wind turbine to the wind farm in the predetermined sea area.
  • the wind turbine installation platform is used to install the wind turbine on the wind turbine installation base. .
  • the centering of the tower center of the fan and the center of the fan mounting base are also performed, and the bolt holes of the fan tower connecting flange and the fan mounting base are connected to the flange bolt holes.
  • the alignment. The difference is that when the fan is installed in one piece, the machine grabs, the hub and the blade have been installed, and these components are above the fan, which is top-heavy, and the machine grabs, the hub and the blade are bulky, and it occupies the best. Lifting position, so it is not convenient to use a crane to lift the entire fan from above.
  • two cranes are arranged on a large fan installation platform, and two cranes hang the two ends of the suspended balance beam on the left and right sides of the machine, and the tower of the fan passes through the middle of the balance beam;
  • the sleek tower is welded or otherwise fixed with a lifting flange for lifting the entire fan, and the special lifting tool is fixed on the lifting flange, and the sling is used to connect the lifting beam to the lifting lug and the special lifting Heavy work.
  • the anchor chain is required to be pulled by the anchor machine disposed on the fan installation platform, so that the fan installation platform moves horizontally before and after, and when the two connection flange bolt holes are aligned.
  • two tugboats are required to pull the hooks provided on the special lifting tool by the cable to make the fan tower rotate at an angle required.
  • This type of machine installation requires extremely precise cooperation between the anchoring machine and other engineering vessels.
  • the installation and construction costs are high, and at the end of the installation, the suspended balance beam and the special lifting tool fixed on the lifting flange need to be removed. .
  • This installation is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also because the lifting flange is welded on the tower, the tower is prone to brittle fracture, and the weld is easily corroded, which affects the mechanical properties of the tower.
  • the lifting flange cannot be reused, waste is generated and the environment is easily destroyed and polluted.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine integrally mounted rotary lifting mechanism, which can avoid the machine grab and the hub above the tower when the rotary lifting mechanism is mounted on the door frame of the fan transport installation platform.
  • the blade lifting the tower from the bottom of the fan, and in the state of holding the tower, conveniently realize the centering of the center of the fan tower and the center of the fan installation base, and the bolt hole of the fan tower connecting flange It is not necessary to install the lifting flange and tooling for the fan. It is not necessary to install the lifting flange and tooling for the fan.
  • At the end of the installation just open the protection device and the fan on the door frame. Rotating the lifting mechanism, the lifting frame can be separated from the fan, and the fan transport installation platform can easily drive away from the fan.
  • the fan provided by the present invention integrally mounts the rotating and lifting mechanism, comprising: disposed between the two columns of the portal frame, having a central ring in the middle, and movable up and down along the two columns of the portal frame. a load-bearing beam; a plurality of booms disposed at a lower end of the central ring; a basket suspended from a lower end of the central ring by a plurality of hangers; and a plurality of holding devices disposed on the basket and distributed along the circumference of the basket; A torsion device for driving the rotation of the basket between the basket and the connecting frame integral with the load beam.
  • the wind turbine integrally mounted rotary lifting mechanism further includes a translation device, and the translation device includes a lateral fine adjustment device and a longitudinal fine adjustment device disposed between the basket and the connecting frame.
  • the central ring is composed of an intermediate portion of the load-bearing beam and two split opening and closing bodies, an automatic latch, two hinges and two opening and closing control devices that can open and close to the open side, and one ends of the two opening bodies are hinged by a hinge
  • the opening and closing body control device is disposed between the bearing beam and the opening and closing body, and the automatic pin can connect the other ends of the two opening and closing bodies in a state where the two opening and closing bodies are closed.
  • the boom is composed of an upper universal joint link, a lower universal joint link and a telescopic twisting link.
  • the upper universal joint of the boom is composed of an upper joint, an intermediate joint, an upper rod and two pins orthogonal to the axis in the top view.
  • the lower universal joint is composed of a lower connecting seat, an intermediate connecting member, a lower rod and two pin shafts orthogonal to the axis in the top view; the telescopic twisting link is disposed between the upper rod and the lower rod, and the inner connecting member , the outer connecting piece, the thrust bearing and the elastic element; the upper connecting seat is connected with the central ring, the lower connecting seat is connected with the hanging basket, and the distribution circle diameter of the upper connecting seat
  • the distribution circle having the same diameter and the same phase as the lower connector is disposed, and the pin extending radially along the distribution circle of the upper connector is disposed between the upper connector and the intermediate connector, and distributed along the upper connector a pin extending in a circular tangential direction is disposed between the intermediate connecting member and the upper rod, and a pin extending radially along a distribution circle of the lower universal joint is disposed between the lower connecting portion and the intermediate connecting member, along the lower A pin extending in the direction of the tangential direction of the connecting seat is disposed between the intermediate connecting
  • the hanging basket is composed of a hanging basket body, two split hanging baskets that can be opened and closed to the open side, a hanging basket automatic latch, two hinges and two hanging basket opening and closing control devices, and the two hanging baskets are combined
  • One end is hinged to the basket body by a hinge, and the basket opening and closing body control device is disposed between the basket body and the basket opening and closing body.
  • the basket automatic bolt can be two The other ends of the basket opening and closing body are connected together.
  • the central ring and the gondola have the same opening and closing mechanism, and the hinge for opening and closing of the center ring is on the same vertical line as the hinge for opening and closing the basket opening and closing of the basket.
  • the holding device is composed of a strut, a pressure plate and a pressure plate control device, and the force direction of the brace is within the friction angle range of the friction surface of the pressure plate and the fan tower.
  • the fan provided by the invention integrally installs the rotating and lifting mechanism, and avoids the machine grab, the hub and the blade above the tower, and lifts the tower from the lower side of the fan, and conveniently holds the tower in a state of holding the tower
  • the centering of the center of the fan tower and the center of the fan installation base, the bolt hole of the fan tower connecting flange and the connecting flange bolt hole of the mounting base on the fan foundation are realized, since no fan is required for installation.
  • Lifting flanges and tooling so at the end of the installation, just loosen the holding device, open the holding device on the door frame and the fan is installed with the rotating lifting mechanism as a whole, the lifting frame can be separated from the fan, and the fan is transported and installed.
  • the platform makes it easy to drive off the fan.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a transport installation platform integrated with a fan transport installation.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the holding frame when the fan is not lifted.
  • Figure 3 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the bottom of the holding frame.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the rotary mounting mechanism of the entire fan as seen from the open side.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the rotary mounting mechanism of the entire fan as seen from the closed side.
  • Figure 6 is a view of the center ring and the basket from the open side of the fan. A perspective view of the open side open state.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the boom, wherein
  • (a) is a cross-sectional view of the boom that is not rotated and is cut through a plane passing through the center of the center ring (center of the basket).
  • (b) is a cross-sectional view of the boom that is rotated and cut by a plane tangent to the distribution circle of the boom,
  • (c) is a cross-sectional view of the basket rotating and cutting the boom with a plane passing through the center of the basket.
  • Figure 8 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the upper universal joint of the boom.
  • Figure 9 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the lower universal joint of the boom.
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the telescopic torsion link in the middle of the boom.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing a state in which the lower joint on the basket changes on the distribution circle when the basket is rotated only.
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing the change of the lower joint on the basket on the distribution circle when the basket is both translated and rotated.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the operation of the holding device. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a transport mounting platform 1 integrated with a fan transport installation
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the lift frame 28 when the wind blower is not lifted
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the base portion 18 of the lift frame 28.
  • a cab 3 is provided in the front
  • a fixed pedestal for fixing the fan 2 is provided on the deck behind the cab 3. 4 and holder 5 (when designed to be used only for fan installation, no fixed pedestal and holder are provided).
  • the elevating turntable 21 is provided at the rear of the middle of the fan transport installation platform 1 (the front side of the bow is called the front side, the side of the bow side is called the rear side, the same below), and the elevating turntable 21 is provided.
  • a U-shaped portion is provided at the longitudinal rear end of the transport mounting platform 1. Opening.
  • longitudinal rails 12 are laid, and longitudinally movable carts 13 are provided above the two longitudinal rails 12.
  • a load bearing roller and an anti-overturning roller are disposed under the longitudinal moving trolley 13, and the anti-overturning roller is pressed against the lower rail of the longitudinal rail 12 from below when the longitudinal moving trolley 13 has a tendency to detach from the rail 12
  • the longitudinal moving carriage 13 is prevented from tipping over.
  • a longitudinal movement drive unit (not shown) is provided on the longitudinal moving carriage 13, and the longitudinal movement drive unit is composed of two sets of cylinders and pins that alternately operate. After the pin on the cylinder is inserted into the rail and the pin hole is fixed to the platform 1, the cylinder is telescopic, enabling the longitudinal movement of the trolley 13 Moving longitudinally on the longitudinal track 12.
  • the longitudinal movement driving means functions as a longitudinal braking means for fixing the longitudinal moving carriage 13 at a certain position of the two longitudinal rails 12.
  • a manual brake device (not shown) is also provided on the longitudinal moving carriage 13. The manual brake device is used to fix the longitudinal moving carriage 13 to a position of the two longitudinal rails 12 when the longitudinal brake device fails and braking is required.
  • two lateral slide rails 14 are disposed above the longitudinal moving trolley 13, and the base portions 18 of the two uprights 17 of the portal frame 16 are seated on the lateral slide rails 14, and on the slide rails 14 Below it is a stop for preventing overturning.
  • the lateral drive unit 15 for driving the lateral movement of the portal frame 16 is a double piston rod cylinder, the cylinder of which is fixed below the base portion 18 of the two columns 17 of the portal frame 16, and the ends and longitudinal movements of the two piston rods
  • the trolley 13 is hinged, and by driving the hydraulic cylinder, the gantry frame 16 can be laterally slid on the slide rail 14 of the longitudinally moving trolley 13, and the cylinder also functions as a lateral brake to fix the gantry frame 16 to the lateral rail 14 Somewhere.
  • the longitudinal rail 12 may be a longitudinal rail, and in the form of a rail, the load bearing roller and the anti-overturning roller are correspondingly a load bearing slider and an anti-overturning stopper.
  • the upper cross member 19 and the lower cross member 22 connect the two columns 17 into a rigid whole to constitute the gantry frame 16.
  • a power system and a power assist system (not shown) are provided on a column 17 of the gantry frame 16, and the power system drives a hydraulic pump to constitute a hydraulic pump station (not shown).
  • the entire gantry frame 16 can be horizontally moved longitudinally and laterally on the deck 11 by driving the longitudinal drive and the lateral drive 15, respectively.
  • the longitudinal moving carriage 13, the lateral rail 14, the heavy roller, the anti-overturning roller, the base portion 18 of the column 17, and the longitudinal driving means and the lateral driving means 15 constitute the horizontal moving means 26 of the gantry frame 16.
  • a holding device 20 is provided at the center of the upper cross member 19.
  • the holding device 20 is formed in a gate structure that can be opened rearward.
  • the structure can be either split or single open.
  • the side on which the holding device 20 can be opened is referred to as an open side, and the side that cannot be opened is referred to as a closed side.
  • the center of the holding device 20 is provided with a plurality of evenly movable rams (not shown) which are movable in the radial direction, and the end of the ejector is provided with a urging roller which can swing and rotate, similar to the support wheel of the swivel chair. (not shown).
  • the tower 31 of the blower 2 passes through the center of the holding device 20, and the pressing roller abuts against the tower 31 of the blower 2 to protect the blower 2 It does not dump and allows the tower 31 to move up and down in the holding device 20.
  • the holding device 20 in the center of the upper cross member 19 and the fan-mounted rotating holding mechanism 6 of the present invention, which will be described later, can only be opened to one side, and the second fan can be mounted for the purpose of turning the lifting frame 28 to be installed.
  • the turret 21 is raised and lowered.
  • the lifting frame 28 is returned to the lifting turret 21 and fixed by a fixing device (not shown), and the lifting turret 21 is raised and rotated 180.
  • the holding frame 28 is rotated 180.
  • the lifting turret 21 is lowered, the longitudinal rail 12 is docked, the fixing device is loosened, and the lifting frame 28 can be advanced to the second wind turbine.
  • the elevating turret 21 After lifting the second fan 2, it is retracted to the elevating turret 21 and fixed by the fixing device, and the elevating turret 21 is raised again and rotated 180. , the holding frame 28 is rotated 180. Then, the lifting turret 21 is lowered, the longitudinal rail 12 is docked, and the fixing device is loosened, and the lifting frame 28 can perform the installation of the second fan 2 at this time.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the fan-mounted rotating bounce mechanism 6 as viewed from the open side
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the fan-mounted rotating bounce mechanism 6 as viewed from the closed side
  • FIG. 6 is a view of the fan-mounted rotating bounce mechanism as viewed from the open side.
  • a fan-mounted rotary lifting mechanism 6 of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a rotary lifting mechanism) is mounted between the two columns 17 below the gantry frame 16, Guide arms 62 are provided at both ends of the load beam 61.
  • a lifting cylinder (lifting device) 5 is provided between the base portion 18 of the two pillars 17 of the gantry frame 16 and the guiding device 62 of the load-bearing beam 61, and by driving the lifting cylinder 5, the guiding device 62 (bearing beam 61) can be along two The column 17 moves up and down.
  • the holding frame 28 is constituted by the rotary lifting mechanism 6, the lift cylinder 5, the door frame 16, the horizontal moving device 26, and the manual brake device.
  • the center of the load-bearing beam 61 is annular (other shapes are also possible).
  • the open side of the central ring 68 is a door-like structure that can be opened and closed.
  • One end of the two split opening bodies 63 are hinged to the load-bearing beam 61 by a hinge 65.
  • the cylinder (the opening and closing mechanism) 67 which is hinged to the load-bearing beam 61 by the hinge 77 and hinged to the opening and closing body 63 by the hinge 78, can rotate the opening and closing body 63 around the hinge 65 to make the center
  • the ring 68 is open to the open side.
  • the automatic latch 66 can connect the other ends of the two opening and closing bodies 63 together, and the intermediate portions of the two opening and closing bodies 63 and the heavy beam 61 form one end.
  • the axis of the central ring 68 in the vertical direction is the center 0 of the center ring 68.
  • the load bearing beam 61, the opening and closing body 63, the oil cylinder 67 and the hinges 65, 77, 78 constitute an opening and closing mechanism of the center ring 68, and the length of the swing arm between the hinge 65 and the hinge 78, and between the hinge 65 and the hinge 78
  • the initial angle and the end angle of the swing arm relative to the perpendicular of the hinge 65 to the axis of the cylinder 67 are important parameters of the opening and closing mechanism.
  • a plurality of booms 69 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction below the central ring 68 in the middle of the load-bearing beam 61, and the lower end of the boom 69 is fixed to the circular basket 70.
  • the gondola 70 is also formed into a door-like structure that can be opened and closed, the open side is composed of two basket opening and closing bodies 71, and the closed side is the basket body 72.
  • One end of the two split basket opening and closing bodies 71 is hinged to the basket body 72 via a hinge 73.
  • the basket automatic insertion pin 75 When the basket automatic insertion pin 75 is pulled out, one end is hinged to the basket body 72 through the hinge 57, and the other end is hinged to the basket opening and closing body 71 via the hinge 58 (the basket opening and closing body control device) 76, so that the hanging basket can be opened.
  • the hinge 71 rotates about the hinge 73 to open the gondola 70 toward the open side.
  • the basket automatic latch 75 can connect the other ends of the two basket opening and closing bodies 71 together, and the two basket opening and closing bodies 71 form a complete ring with the basket body 72.
  • One by one hanging basket 70 One by one hanging basket 70.
  • the axis of the vertical direction of the gondola 70 is the center 0' of the gondola 70.
  • the gondola body 72, the basket opening and closing body 71, the oil cylinder 76 and the hinges 73, 57, 58 constitute the opening and closing mechanism of the gondola 70, and the length of the swing arm between the hinge 73 and the hinge 58, and the hinge 73 to the hinge 58
  • the initial angle and the end angle of the swing arm between the hinge 73 and the perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 76 are important parameters of the opening and closing mechanism.
  • the hinges 65 on the left side and the axis of the hinge 73 are on the same vertical line.
  • the hinges 65 on the right side and the axis of the hinge 73 are also on the same vertical line.
  • the cylinders (opening and closing body control device) 67 for opening and closing the center ring 68 on the left and right sides and the cylinder (the basket opening and closing body control device) 76 for opening and closing the basket 70 are identical, and the hinge 65 to the hinge 78
  • the length of the swing arm is the same as the length of the swing arm between the hinge 73 and the hinge 58, the initial angle and the end angle of the swing arm between the hinge 65 and the hinge 78 with respect to the perpendicular of the hinge 65 to the axis of the cylinder 67 and the hinge
  • the initial angle and the end angle of the swing arm between the 73 and the hinge 58 with respect to the perpendicular line of the hinge 73 to the axis of the cylinder 76 are the same, that is,
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the boom 69.
  • (a) is a cross-sectional view of the boom 70 which is not rotated and which is cut by a plane passing through the center 0 (the center of the basket 0') of the center ring 68
  • (b) The basket 70 is rotated and a cross-sectional view of the boom 69 is cut in a plane tangential to the distribution circle of the boom 69
  • (c) is a cross-sectional view of the basket 70 rotating and cutting the boom 69 through a plane passing through the center 0' of the basket .
  • 8 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the upper universal joint 80 of the boom 69
  • FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the lower universal joint 81 of the boom 69
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the telescopic twisting section 86 of the middle of the boom 69.
  • the upper end of the boom 69 is provided with an upper universal joint 80 connected to the central ring 68 of the load beam 61.
  • the upper universal joint link 80 is composed of the following parts: an upper joint 89 connected to the central ring 68; an intermediate joint 85; a pin 82 connecting the upper joint 89 and the intermediate joint 85; an upper rod 90; The member 85 and the pin 83 of the upper rod 90.
  • the axis of the pin 82 passes through the center 0 of the center ring 68, i.e., radially along the distribution circle of the upper connector 89, and the axis of the pin 83 is aligned with the axis of the pin 82 in plan view. The intersection, that is, the tangential direction of the distribution circle on the central ring 68 along the upper connecting seat 89.
  • the lower end of the boom 69 is provided with a lower universal joint 81 connected to the gondola 70.
  • the structure of the lower universal joint 81 is the same as that of the upper universal joint 80.
  • the lower universal joint link 81 is composed of a lower joint 91 connected to the gondola 70, an intermediate joint 88, and a lower joint 91 and an intermediate joint 88.
  • the axis of the pin 87 passes through the center 0' of the gondola 70, i.e., radially along the distribution circle of the lower joint 91, and the axis of the pin 93 is aligned with the axis of the pin 87 in plan view.
  • the intersection, that is, the lower connecting seat 91 extends in the direction of the distribution circle on the gondola 70.
  • a telescopic twisting link 86 is provided in the middle of the boom 69.
  • the telescopic twisting link 86 is composed of the following parts: an inner connecting member 95 having a large flange at the top and an end of the rod and the upper rod 90; the outer shape is a cup shape, the cup mouth is screwed to the lower rod 92, and the bottom portion has Inline
  • the elastic member 98 when the force received by the boom 69 is greater than the predetermined pulling force, the elastic member 98 is further compressed, the gap ⁇ becomes larger, and the length of the boom 69 is increased; when the force exerted by the boom 69 is less than the prescribed pulling force The axial length of the elastic member 98 returns to the length corresponding to the force it receives, the gap ⁇ becomes smaller, and the length of the boom 69 decreases.
  • the thrust bearing 95 even when the upper rod 90 and the lower rod 92 are subjected to a large tensile force, they can be easily twisted relatively easily.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing a state in which the lower joint 91 on the basket 70 changes on the distribution circle when the basket 70 is rotated only.
  • the phase is the same, so in the top view, the center The circle center 0 and the center of the basket 0' coincide, and the two distribution circles coincide.
  • the upper and lower connecting seats 89, 91 of the same boom also coincide with one point.
  • the upper and lower connecting seats 89, 91 of the boom a are located on the X-axis in a plan view of the distribution circle.
  • the upper connecting seat 89 fixed to the upper ring 68 at the upper end of the boom a does not move, and the lower end is fixed in the hanging.
  • the lower connector 91 on the basket 70 is moved from position 1 to position 1'. This is actually the distance at which the lower joint 91 moves by y along the tangential direction (Y-axis direction) of its distribution circle, and the distance X is moved in the radial direction of the distribution circle (X-axis direction).
  • the bolt hole only needs to be rotated at a small angle (for example, 1.5° left and right), and because the upper connector 89 and The distribution circle diameter of the lower connecting seat 91 is 4 ⁇ , so that the moving distance y of the lower connecting seat 91 in the z-axis direction is actually much larger than the distance X moving in the X-axis direction, and because the lower connecting seat 91 is along the Y-axis direction.
  • the movement is achieved by the intermediate connecting member 85 rotating about the pin shaft 82 and the intermediate connecting member 88 rotating about the pin shaft 87.
  • the intermediate connecting member 85 can be rotated around the pin shaft 82 and the intermediate connecting member 88 by an angle 4 which is rotated about the pin shaft 87, that is, the upper rod 90 can be rotated about the pin shaft 93 about the pin shaft 83 and the lower rod 92.
  • the angle is smaller.
  • the pin shafts 82, 87 associated with the tangential movement (Y-axis direction) having a large translational distance are actually disposed between the upper joint 89 of the upper universal joint 80 and the intermediate joint 85, And between the lower joint 91 of the lower universal joint 81 and the intermediate joint 88, the pins 83, 93 associated with the radial movement (X-axis direction) having a small translational distance are disposed at the upper portion.
  • the telescopic twisting link 86 is disposed on the upper rod 90 and the lower rod 92. between.
  • the pin 82 of the upper universal joint 80 that extends radially along the distribution circle of the upper joint 89 is disposed between the upper joint 89 and the intermediate joint 85 that is coupled to the central ring 68.
  • a pin 83 extending in the tangential direction of the distribution circle of the upper connecting seat 89 is disposed between the intermediate connecting member 85 and the upper rod 90, and radially extends the distribution circle of the lower universal joint 81 along the lower connecting seat 91.
  • the pin shaft 87 is disposed between the lower joint 91 and the intermediate joint 88 connected to the gondola 70, and the pin shaft 93 extending in the tangential direction of the distribution circle of the lower joint 91 is disposed at the intermediate joint 88 and the lower rod 92.
  • the telescopic twisting link 86 is disposed between the upper rod 90 and the lower rod 92.
  • the distribution circle of the upper connecting seat 89 and the distribution circle diameter of the lower connecting seat 91 are the same, and the positions of the upper and lower connecting seats 89, 91 of the same boom 69 are also the same on the distribution circle, if the hanging basket 70 is only relatively central
  • the ring 68 rotates about the center 0' of the gondola 70 (center 0 of the center ring 68), and the other booms 69 and other lower joints 91 on the gondola 70 make the above-described analyzed boom 69 and lower joint 91.
  • the gondola 70 can be smoothly rotated by a certain angle with respect to the center ring 68, that is, the opposing heavy beam 61, without damaging the upper joint 89 and the lower joint 91.
  • Fig. 12 is a view showing the change of the lower joint 91 on the basket 70 on the distribution circle when the basket 70 is both translated and rotated.
  • the basket 70 is moved by a distance L in the opposite direction to the X-axis, and then rotated by an angle ⁇ in the counterclockwise direction.
  • the movement of the boom a in the positive direction of the X-axis and the boom b and the boom c in the positive and negative directions of the Y-axis are analyzed below. Due to the boom a On the X-axis, and the boom b and the boom c are in the positive and negative directions of the Y-axis.
  • the basket 70 is moved by the distance L in the opposite direction of the X-axis and then rotated by the angle ⁇ in the counterclockwise direction, then The upper connector 89 on the center ring 68 does not move, and the lower connector 91 on the gondola 70 has a different trajectory.
  • the lower joint 91 of the boom a moves from point 1 to point 1'
  • the lower joint 91 of the boom b moves from point 2 to point '
  • the lower joint 91 of the boom c moves from point 3 to point 3'.
  • the distance from point 1 to point 1', the distance from point 2 to point 2', and the distance from point 3 to point ⁇ are not equal.
  • a connecting frame 50 is provided below the closed side of the center ring 68 (the load-bearing beam 61), and is integrally formed with the load-bearing beam 61.
  • a twisting device (torque cylinder) 51 is disposed along the tangential direction of the gondola 70, and one end of the twisting device 51 is hinged to the gondola 70 by a ball joint, and the other end is hinged to the connecting frame 50, and It is roughly horizontal. If the torsion device 51 is driven, the basket 70 is subjected to a force in the tangential direction, and the basket 70 can be twisted relative to the load beam 61 (the center ring 68).
  • a lateral fine adjustment cylinder 52 and a longitudinal fine adjustment cylinder 53 are disposed along the radial direction of the hanging basket 70.
  • One end of the two oil cylinders is hinged to the hanging basket 70 by a ball joint, and the other end and the connecting frame are connected. 50 hinged to make it roughly horizontal.
  • the lateral fine adjustment device 52 and the longitudinal fine adjustment device 53 constitute a translational device in which the wind turbine of the present invention integrally mounts the rotary lifting mechanism. If the lateral fine adjustment device 52 or the longitudinal fine adjustment device 53 is driven, the basket 70 is subjected to a positive thrust, and the basket 70 can be horizontally moved relative to the load-bearing beam 61 (the center ring 68). It should be noted that the horizontal movement function of the rotary lifting mechanism 6 is only used for fine adjustment of the horizontal position of the wind turbine tower 31, and a large distance. The adjustment of the horizontal position is accomplished by the horizontal moving device 26 of the gantry frame 16.
  • Fig. 13 is a view showing the configuration of the operating state of the holding device 7.
  • the holding device 7 is constituted by a stay 8, a pressure plate 9, and a pressure plate control cylinder 10.
  • One end of the strut 8 is hinged to the basket 70, and the other end is hinged to the platen 9.
  • One end of the platen control cylinder 10 is hinged to the lower inner end of the basket 70, and the other end is hinged to the side of the strut 8 adjacent to the platen 9. If the piston rod of the platen control cylinder 10 is extended, the strut 8 rotates around the pin hinged to the basket 70, and the other end of the strut 8 drives the pressure plate 9 away from the fan tower 31.
  • the strut 8 rotates around the pin hinged to the basket 70, and the other end of the strut 8 drives the pressure plate 9, and the pressure of the friction material layer of the pressure plate 9 is adhered with a large friction coefficient.
  • the tight face is pressed against the surface of the tower 31.
  • the surface of the pressing plate 9 that is in contact with the tower 31 is referred to as a friction surface.
  • the direction of the force of the strut 8 when the force is applied is the connecting direction of the two hinge points, that is, the strut 8 is a two-force bar.
  • the angle between the direction of the force of the strut 8 and the normal direction of the friction surface of the pressing plate 9 and the tower 31 is smaller than the pressing surface of the pressing plate 9.
  • the angle of friction with the surface of the tower 31, that is, if the coefficient of friction of the pressing face of the platen 9 and the surface of the tower 31 is "" arct an / .
  • the thrust of the strut 8 is that the lateral component of the strut 8 pressing the pressing plate 9 is Fcos ", whereby the frictional force (longitudinal) generated on the frictional surface is ⁇ cos", and the strut 8
  • the frictional force on the friction surface is always greater than the upward component of the strut 8, and in fact the upward combined force of the plurality of struts 8 is equal to the gravity of the fan 2 and the tower 31. That is to say, in this configuration, when the basket 70 is lifted upward, since the direction of the force of the stay 8 is within the range of the friction angle between the pressing surface of the pressure plate 9 and the surface of the tower 31, self-locking occurs, so The pressure plate 9 does not slide along the surface of the tower 31, but the struts 8 of the holding device 7 press the pressure plate 9 more strongly against the tower 31, and the more tightly the tower 31 is held tightly.
  • the friction material layer of the pressure plate 9 which is in contact with the tower 31 with a large friction coefficient is preferably a slightly softer rubber.
  • a layer of leather or imitation leather is attached to the rubber layer.
  • a plurality of holding devices 7 (only one holding device 7 is shown in Fig. 13) are uniformly arranged on the gondola 70 in the circumferential direction of the tower 31, a plurality of struts 8 are pressed
  • the radial thrust of the pressure plate 9 acts on the tower 31 and cancels each other, and the upward force component of the strut 8 pushes the pressure plate 9 to finally act on the tower 31 in the form of friction by the pressure plate 9, with the fan 2 It is balanced with the gravity of the tower 31.
  • the holding device 7 Since the holding device 7 is disposed on the gondola 70, when the holding device 7 holds the fan tower 31, the gondola 70 and the fan tower 31 become a rigid whole, so that the basket 70 rotates or moves horizontally, The fan tower 31 also rotates or moves horizontally. Therefore, by rotating the basket relative to the load-bearing beam 61 by the torsion means 51, the lateral fine adjustment means 52 or the longitudinal fine adjustment means 53, the wind turbine tower 31 can be rotated or horizontally moved relative to the load-bearing beam 61.
  • the fan of the present invention integrally mounts the rotary lifting mechanism, including: disposed between the two columns 17 of the portal frame 16, having a central ring 68 in the middle, and capable of being up and down along the two columns 17 of the portal frame 16.
  • Moving load bearing beam 61 a plurality of booms 69 disposed at the lower end of the central ring 68; a basket 70 suspended from the lower end of the central ring 68 by a plurality of hangers 69; disposed on the basket 70 along the basket 70
  • a plurality of gripping devices 7 distributed circumferentially; a torsion device 51 for driving the rotation of the gondola 70 between the gondola 70 and the connecting frame 50 of the load-bearing beam 61.
  • the wind turbine integrally mounted rotary lifting mechanism further includes a translation device including a lateral fine adjustment device 52 and a longitudinal fine adjustment device 53 disposed between the basket 70 and the connecting frame 50.
  • the central ring 68 is composed of an intermediate portion of the load-bearing beam 61 and two split opening and closing bodies 63 that can be opened and closed to the open side, an automatic latch 66, two hinges 65, and two opening and closing body control devices 67.
  • One end of 63 is hinged to the load-bearing beam 61 via a hinge 65, and the opening and closing body control device 67 is disposed between the bearing beam and the opening and closing body 63.
  • the automatic insertion pin 66 can open the two opening and closing bodies.
  • the other ends of 63 are connected together.
  • the boom 69 is composed of an upper universal joint link 80, a lower universal joint link 81 and a telescopic twisting link 86.
  • the upper universal joint link 80 of the boom 69 is composed of an upper joint 89, an intermediate joint 85, an upper rod 90 and two
  • the pin 82 and the pin 83 are orthogonal to each other in a plan view;
  • the lower gimbal 81 is composed of a lower connecting block 91, an intermediate connecting member 88, a lower rod 92, and two pins 87 and pins orthogonal to each other in plan view.
  • the shaft 93 is formed; the telescopic twisting link 86 is disposed on the upper rod 90 and Between the lower rods 92, an inner connecting member 95, an outer connecting member 96, a thrust bearing 97, and an elastic member 98 are formed.
  • the upper connecting seat 89 is connected to the central ring 68, and the lower connecting seat 91 is connected to the hanging basket 70.
  • the distribution circle diameter of the upper connecting seat 89 is the same as the distribution circle diameter of the lower connecting seat 91 and the phase is the same, and the upper universal joint link 80 is A pin shaft 82 extending radially along the distribution circle of the upper connecting seat 89 is disposed between the upper connecting seat 89 and the intermediate connecting member 85, and a pin shaft 83 extending in the direction of the distribution circle tangential direction of the upper connecting seat 89 is disposed at the intermediate connecting member 85.
  • a pin shaft 87 extending radially along the distribution circle of the lower joint 91 is disposed between the lower joint 91 and the intermediate joint 88, along the distribution circle of the lower joint 91
  • a pin 93 extending in the tangential direction is disposed between the intermediate link 88 and the lower rod 92.
  • the gondola 70 is constructed in the same manner as the central ring 68. That is, the gondola 70 is composed of a gondola body 72, two split basket opening and closing bodies 71 that can be opened and closed to the open side, a basket automatic plug 75, two hinges 73, and two basket opening and closing body control devices 76. One end of each of the two basket opening and closing bodies 71 is hinged to the basket body 72 via a hinge 73.
  • the basket opening and closing body control device 76 is disposed between the basket body 72 and the basket opening and closing body 71, and the two baskets are open and closed. In the closed state of the 71, the basket automatic latch 75 can connect the other ends of the two basket opening and closing bodies 71 together.
  • the gondola 70 is in the form of a split structure, it can also be in a single-open configuration, consistent with the structure of the center ring 68.
  • the center ring 68 and the gondola 70 have the same opening and closing mechanism, and the hinge 65 for opening and closing the opening and closing body 63 of the center ring 68 is the same as the hinge 73 for opening and closing the basket opening and closing body 71 of the gondola 70.
  • the holding device 7 is composed of a strut 8, a pressure plate 9 and a pressure plate control device 10, and the direction of the force of the strut 8 is within the friction angle of the friction surface of the pressure plate 9 and the fan tower 31.
  • the wind turbine integrally mounted rotary lifting mechanism 6 is located below the door frame 16 and has the above structure, if the load beam 61 is lowered by driving the lifting device 5, the basket 70, the center ring 68, and the holding device 20 are controlled, The lifting frame 28 is moved to the vicinity of the connecting flange at the lower end of the tower 31, so that the fan tower 31 is located at the center of the center ring 68, the hanging basket 70 and the holding device 20, and the opening and closing body 63 and the hanging basket 70 of the center ring 68 are closed.
  • the guiding device 62 (the center ring 68) moves upward, the plurality of booms 69 move upwards, and the basket 70 moves upward, and the struts 8 of the clasping device 7 mounted on the gondola 70 are further pushed.
  • the pressure plate 9, the holding device 7 can hold the fan tower 31 and fix it on the gondola 70. At this point, the fan 2 can be raised or lowered to the required height as needed.
  • the fan tower 31 can be horizontally moved relative to the load-bearing beam 61 by driving the lateral fine adjustment device 52 and the longitudinal fine adjustment device 53, and the gantry frame is combined
  • the horizontal moving device 26 of 16 (the horizontal movement function of the rotary lifting mechanism 6 is only used for fine adjustment of the horizontal position) can realize the centering of the center of the fan tower 31 and the center of the fan mounting base by driving the torsion device 51.
  • Rotating the fan tower 31 relative to the load-bearing beam 61 can realize the centering of the bolt hole of the fan tower 31 connecting flange and the connecting flange bolt hole of the mounting base on the fan foundation, and fix the fan 2 to the fan foundation installation The connection flange of the base. In this way, the machine grab, the hub and the blade above the tower 31 are avoided, the tower 31 is lifted from below the fan 2, and the tower tower center and the fan are conveniently realized while holding the tower 31.
  • center of the load-bearing beam 61 is a circular central ring 68
  • a regular polygonal structure may be employed.
  • center ring 68 of the load-bearing beam 61 is in the form of a split structure, a single-open structure may be employed.
  • the upper universal joint link 80 and the lower universal joint link 81 of the boom 69 are hinged in which the axes of the two pins 82, 83 and 87, 93 are orthogonal but not in the same plane.
  • a cross-shaft universal coupling with two axes orthogonal and in the same plane, a structural form of a ball joint type universal joint, or a joint bearing (ball joint) of only one shaft,
  • a joint bearing only the telescopic link can be provided in the middle of the boom.
  • the boom 69 is in the form of a rigid rod, a flexible sling structure may be used. In the case of a sling, the upper and lower ends of the boom are not provided.
  • the telescopic link can be set in the middle of the boom, or the telescopic link can be omitted.
  • the upper connecting seat 89 of the upper universal joint link 80 is disposed on the lower side of the center ring 68
  • the lower connecting seat 91 of the lower universal joint link 81 is disposed on the upper side of the gondola 70.
  • the upper connecting seat 89 may be disposed on the upper side of the center ring 68
  • the lower connecting seat 91 may be disposed on the lower side of the gondola 70.
  • the elastic member 98 in the telescopic twisting section 86 is a disc spring
  • other elastic members such as a coil spring and a rubber column may be used.
  • the gondola 70 is in the form of a circular structure, a polygonal structure may be employed.
  • the gondola 70 is in the form of a split structure, it is also possible to adopt a single-open structure, which is consistent with the structure of the center ring 68.
  • the cylinder used for the torsion device 51, the lateral fine adjustment device 52, and the longitudinal fine adjustment device 53 for driving the rotation or horizontal movement of the gondola 70 is used, a cylinder, a ball screw or a rack and pinion may be employed. And other structural forms.

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Description

风机整体安装旋转抱举机构 本申请要求于 2010 年 10 月 20 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010519989.9、 发明名称为"风机整体安装旋转抱举机构"的中国专利申 请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及海洋工程设备技术领域, 尤其涉及一种海上风力发电机组 整体安装旋转抱举机构。 背景技术
风能属于清洁能源。 风力发电就是把风的动能转变成机械能, 再把机 械能转化为电能的一种发电方式。 由于陆地上的风力发电场已基本开发完 毕, 而海上的风力资源又非常丰富, 因此, 越来越多的风力发电场建设在 海上。 在海上进行风力发电场的建设, 安装风机(即风力发电机组)是至 关重要的步骤。 安装风机是指将风机安装于预先在海中设置的风机基础上 的安装基座(通常是连接法兰)上。 一般需借助海上风机安装作业专用的 风机安装平台进行安装。
一般说来,主要有以下两种风机安装方式: 分体式安装和整体式安装。 分体式安装是先用载运船将风机各部件散件运输到预定海域的风力发 电场, 然后利用风机安装平台依次吊装风机的塔筒、 机抢、 轮毂和叶片等 部件, 由此将风机安装在风机安装基座上。
然而, 分体式安装的安装过程比较复杂, 海上作业时间长。 因海上风 浪较大, 海况复杂, 需要风机安装平台长时间地处于良好的稳定状态, 因 此技术难度较大, 施工窗口期短, 施工成本较高。
整体式安装是在距离风力发电场较近的码头等陆地上组装风机, 然后 将整台风机运输到预定海域的风力发电场, 利用风机安装平台将风机一次 性整机安装在风机安装基座上。
与分体式安装相比, 由于是用成熟的技术和装备在陆地上完成比较复 杂的部件组装工序, 在海上仅进行风机的塔筒与安装基座的连接, 所以安 装过程比较筒单, 海上作业时间短。 因此, 相对来说整体式安装技术难度 较小, 施工成本较低。
虽然作业时间短, 但与分体式安装方式一样, 也要进行风机的塔筒中 心与风机安装基座中心的对中, 以及风机塔筒连接法兰螺栓孔和风机安装 基座连接法兰螺栓孔的对中。 不同点在于, 整体式安装风机时, 机抢、 轮 毂和叶片已安装完毕,且这些部件都处于风机的上方,是头重脚轻的状态, 且机抢、 轮毂和叶片体积大, 又占据了最佳的吊装位置, 所以不便于用起 重机从上方吊装整台风机。
现有技术, 是在大型风机安装平台上设置两台起重机, 两台起重机从 机抢上方左右两侧分别吊着悬空的平衡梁的两端, 风机的塔筒从平衡梁的 中间穿过; 在光滑的塔筒的下方焊接或通过其它方式固定有用于吊起整个 风机的起重用法兰, 并将专用起重工装固定在起重用法兰上, 用吊索连接 平衡梁的吊耳和专用起重工装。 当起重机从机抢的上方提升平衡梁时, 起 重机通过平衡梁、 吊索和专用起重工装能将整个风机吊起。 当进行风机塔 筒中心与风机安装基座中心对中时, 需要通过设置在风机安装平台上的锚 机拉动锚链, 使风机安装平台前后左右水平移动; 当进行两连接法兰螺栓 孔对中时, 需要用两艘拖轮通过拉索拉动设置在专用起重工装上的拉钩, 使风机塔筒转动所需要的角度。
这种整机安装方式, 需要锚机和其它工程船舶作极其精准的配合, 安 装施工成本很高, 且安装结束时, 需要拆除悬空的平衡梁和固定在起重用 法兰上的专用起重工装。 这样安装施工不仅费时费力, 还因在塔筒上焊接 起重法兰, 塔筒容易产生脆裂, 焊缝容易腐蚀, 影响塔筒的机械性能。 另 夕卜, 由于起重法兰不能重复使用, 从而产生浪费, 且容易破坏和污染环境。
随着风机的不断大型化以及离岸化, 起重能力和起重高度的限制以及 海况的复杂化, 使得传统的吊装形式没有了用武之地。 因此, 如何避开塔 筒上方的机抢、 轮毂和叶片, 从风机的下方抱举塔筒, 且在抱举着塔筒的 状态下, 能方便地实现风机塔筒中心与风机安装基座中心的对中、 以及风 机塔筒连接法兰的螺栓孔和风机安装基座上的连接法兰螺栓孔的对中; 不 设置固定在塔筒上的专用起重法兰和工装, 在安装施工结束时, 只要打开 门式框架上的护持装置和风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 抱举架就能脱离风 机, 风机运输安装平台就能很方便地驶离风机, 就成为本领域技术人员目 前急需解决的关键技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 使其在将该旋 转抱举机构安装在风机运输安装平台上的门式框架上时, 能避开塔筒上方 的机抢、轮毂和叶片, 从风机的下方抱举塔筒, 且在抱举着塔筒的状态下, 方便地实现风机塔筒中心与风机安装基座中心的对中、 和风机塔筒连接法 兰的螺栓孔和风机基础上的安装基座的连接法兰螺栓孔的对中, 不需要安 装风机专用的起重法兰和工装, 在安装施工结束时, 只要打开门式框架上 的护持装置和风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 抱举架就能脱离风机, 风机运 输安装平台就能很方便地驶离风机。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明所提供的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 包括: 设置在门式框架的两立柱之间、 中间具有中央圓环、 且能沿门式框 架的两立柱上下移动的承重梁; 设置于中央圓环下端的多个吊杆; 由多个 吊杆悬挂于中央圓环下端的吊篮; 设置在吊篮上、 沿吊篮的周向分布的多 个抱紧装置; 设置在吊篮和与承重梁一体的连接架之间的、 用于驱动吊篮 旋转的扭转装置。
风机整体安装旋转抱举机构还包括平动装置, 平动装置包括设置在吊 篮和连接架之间的横向微调装置和纵向微调装置。
中央圓环由承重梁的中间部和能向敞开侧开合的两个对开的开合体、 自动插销、 两个铰链和两个开合体控制装置构成, 两个开合体的一端均通 过铰链铰接在承重梁上, 开合体控制装置设置在承重梁和开合体之间, 在 两个开合体闭合的状态下,自动插销能将两个开合体的另一端连接在一起。
吊杆由上部万向铰接环节、 下部万向铰接环节及伸缩扭转环节构成, 吊杆的上部万向铰接环节由上连接座、 中间连接件、 上部杆以及两个在俯 视图中轴线正交的销轴构成; 下部万向铰接环节由下连接座、 中间连接件、 下部杆以及两个在俯视图中轴线正交的销轴构成; 伸缩扭转环节设置在上 部杆和下部杆之间, 由内连接件、 外连接件、 推力轴承和弹性元件构成; 上连接座与中央圓环连接、 下连接座与吊篮连接, 上连接座的分布圓直径 与下连接座的分布圓直径相同且相位相同, 上部万向铰接环节的沿上连接 座的分布圓径向延伸的销轴设置在上连接座和中间连接件之间, 沿上连接 座的分布圓切线方向延伸的销轴设置在中间连接件和上部杆之间, 下部万 向铰接环节的沿下连接座的分布圓径向延伸的销轴设置在下连接座和中间 连接件之间, 沿下连接座的分布圓切线方向延伸的销轴设置在中间连接件 和下部 4干之间。
吊篮由吊篮本体、 能向敞开侧开合的两个对开的吊篮开合体、 吊篮自 动插销、 两个铰链和两个吊篮开合体控制装置构成, 两个吊篮开合体的一 端均通过铰链铰接在吊篮本体上, 吊篮开合体控制装置设置在吊篮本体和 吊篮开合体之间, 在两个吊篮开合体闭合的状态下, 吊篮自动插销能将两 个吊篮开合体的另一端连接在一起。
中央圓环和吊篮具有相同的开合机构, 用于中央圓环的开合体开合的 铰链与用于吊篮的吊篮开合体开合的铰链在同一条铅垂线上。
抱紧装置由撑杆、 压板和压板控制装置构成, 撑杆的作用力方向在压 板与风机塔筒的摩擦面的摩擦角范围之内。
本发明所提供的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 由于避开了塔筒上方的 机抢、 轮毂和叶片, 从风机的下方抱举塔筒, 且在抱举着塔筒的状态下, 方便地实现了风机塔筒中心与风机安装基座中心的对中、 和风机塔筒连接 法兰的螺栓孔和风机基础上的安装基座的连接法兰螺栓孔的对中, 由于不 需要安装风机专用的起重法兰和工装, 所以在安装施工结束时, 只要松开 抱紧装置, 打开门式框架上的护持装置和风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 抱 举架就能脱离风机, 风机运输安装平台就能很方便地驶离风机。 附图说明
图 1是风机运输安装一体化的运输安装平台的立体图。
图 2是未抱举风机时的抱举架的立体图。
图 3是抱举架底部的局部放大立体图。
图 4是从敞开侧看风机整体安装旋转抱举机构的立体图。
图 5是从闭合侧看风机整体安装旋转抱举机构的立体图。
图 6是从敞开侧看风机整体安装旋转抱举机构的、 中央圓环和吊篮向 敞开侧敞开状态的立体图。
图 7是吊杆的结构示意图, 其中,
( a )是吊篮没有旋转且用通过中央圓环中心(吊篮中心)的平面剖切 吊杆的剖视图,
( b )是吊篮旋转且用与吊杆的分布圓相切的平面剖切吊杆的剖视图,
( c )是吊篮旋转且用通过吊篮中心的平面剖切吊杆的剖视图。
图 8是吊杆的上部万向铰接环节的局部放大立体图。
图 9是吊杆的下部万向铰接环节的局部放大立体图。
图 10是吊杆中部的伸缩扭转环节的放大结构示意图。
图 11 是表示在吊篮仅旋转时吊篮上的下连接座在分布圓上变化情况 的示意图。
图 12是表示在吊篮既平动又旋转时吊篮上的下连接座在分布圓上的 变化情况的示意图。
图 13是表示抱紧装置的工作状态的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
图 1是风机运输安装一体化的运输安装平台 1的立体图, 图 2是未抱 举风机时的抱举架 28的立体图,图 3是抱举架 28底座部 18的局部放大立 体图。如图 1所示,在风机运输安装平台 1的大致四角,设有 4个桩腿 32, 在前方设置有驾驶室 3 , 在驾驶室 3后方的甲板上, 设有用于固定风机 2 的固定台座 4和固定架 5 (在设计成仅用于安装风机时, 不设置固定台座 和固定架)。 在风机运输安装平台 1 中部的后方 (船艏侧称为前方, 船艉侧 称为后方, 下同), 设有升降回转台 21 , 在运输安装平台 1的纵向后端部, 设有 U形开口。 在运输风机安装平台 1的甲板 11上方两侧, 铺设有纵向 轨道 12, 在两纵向轨道 12的上方设有纵向移动台车 13。 在纵向移动台车 13 的下方设有承重滚轮和防倾覆滚轮, 防倾覆滚轮仅在纵向移动台车 13 有脱离轨道 12的趋势时, 从下方压靠在纵向轨道 12的下轨道上, 用于防 止纵向移动台车 13倾覆。在纵向移动台车 13上设有纵向移动驱动装置(未 图示),纵向移动驱动装置由两组交替工作的油缸和插销构成。在油缸上的 插销插入轨道上的销孔与平台 1固定后, 油缸伸缩, 能使纵向移动台车 13 在纵向轨道 12上纵向移动。 在不驱动纵向移动台车 13时, 该纵向移动驱 动装置起到纵向制动装置的作用, 将纵向移动台车 13 固定在两纵向轨道 12的某个位置。 在纵向移动台车 13上还设有手动制动装置(未图示)。 手 动制动装置用于在纵向制动装置失灵而需要进行制动时, 将纵向移动台车 13固定在两纵向轨道 12的某个位置。
如图 1〜图 3所示,在纵向移动台车 13的上方设有两横向滑轨 14, 门 式框架 16的两立柱 17的底座部 18坐落在横向滑轨 14上, 且在滑轨 14 的下方设有用于防止倾覆的挡块。用于驱动门式框架 16横向移动的横向驱 动装置 15是双活塞杆油缸, 油缸的缸体固定在门式框架 16的两立柱 17 的底座部 18的下方, 两活塞杆的端部与纵向移动台车 13铰接, 通过驱动 液压缸, 能使门式框架 16在纵向移动台车 13的滑轨 14上横向滑动,且油 缸还起到横向制动器的作用, 将门式框架 16固定在横向滑轨 14的某个位 置。
另外, 上述纵向轨道 12也可以是纵向滑轨, 在采用滑轨的形式时, 相 应地上述承重滚轮和防倾覆滚轮是承重滑块和防倾覆挡块。
如图 1和图 2所示,上横梁 19和下横梁 22将两立柱 17连接成一个刚 性的整体, 构成门式框架 16。 在门式框架 16的一个立柱 17上设有动力系 统和动力辅助系统(未图示), 动力系统驱动液压泵, 构成液压泵站(未图 示)。通过分别驱动纵向驱动装置和横向驱动装置 15能使整个门式框架 16 在甲板 11上沿纵向和横向水平移动。上述纵向移动台车 13、横向滑轨 14、 重滚轮、 防倾覆滚轮、 立柱 17的底座部 18、 以及纵向驱动装置和横向 驱动装置 15构成门式框架 16的水平移动装置 26。
如图 1和图 2所示, 在上横梁 19的中央设有护持装置 20。 护持装置 20制成能向后方打开的门形结构。 该结构既可以是对开的, 也可以是单开 的。 在前后方向上, 护持装置 20能打开的一侧称为敞开侧, 不能打开的一 侧称为闭合侧。 护持装置 20 的中央设有多个均布的能沿径向移动的顶杆 (未图示),顶杆的端部设有能摆动且能转动、类似于转椅的支承轮一样的 推压辊(未图示)。 在固定或抱举风机 2的状态下, 风机 2的塔筒 31从该 护持装置 20的中心穿过, 推压辊抵在风机 2的塔筒 31上, 保护风机 2使 其不至于倾倒, 且允许塔筒 31在护持装置 20中上下移动和转动。
由于上横梁 19中央的护持装置 20和后述的本发明的风机整体安装旋 转抱举机构 6只能向一侧打开,为了能调转抱举架 28的方向抱举第 2台风 机进行安装, 设置升降回转台 21。 在第 1台风机安装作业结束后, 抱举架 28退回到升降回转台 21上并由固定装置 (未图示)进行固定, 升降回转 台 21升起, 旋转 180。 , 抱举架 28随之旋转 180。 , 然后升降回转台 21 下降, 纵向轨道 12对接, 松开固定装置, 抱举架 28可以行进到第 2台风 机处。在抱举起第 2台风机 2后,后退到升降回转台 21上并由固定装置进 行固定, 升降回转台 21再次升起, 旋转 180。 , 抱举架 28随之旋转 180 。 , 然后升降回转台 21下降, 纵向轨道 12对接, 松开固定装置, 此时抱 举架 28可以进行第 2台风机 2的安装作业。
图 4是从敞开侧看风机整体安装旋转抱举机构 6的立体图, 图 5是从 闭合侧看风机整体安装旋转抱举机构 6的立体图, 图 6是从敞开侧看风机 整体安装旋转抱举机构的、 中央圓环 68和吊篮 70向敞开侧敞开状态的立 体图。
如图 1、 图 4和图 5所示, 在门式框架 16下方的两立柱 17之间安装 有本发明的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构 6 (以下有时筒称为旋转抱举机 构 ), 其承重梁 61的两端设有导向装置 62。 在门式框架 16两立柱 17的底 座部 18和承重梁 61的导向装置 62之间, 设有提升油缸(提升装置) 5 , 通过驱动提升油缸 5 , 导向装置 62 (承重梁 61 )能沿两立柱 17上下移动。 由旋转抱举机构 6、 提升油缸 5、 门式框架 16、 水平移动装置 26和手动制 动装置构成抱举架 28。
承重梁 61的中间为圓环状(也可以是其它形状)。 如图 1、 图 4和图 5 所示, 中央圓环 68的敞开侧是能开合的门形结构。 两个对开的开合体 63 的一端均通过铰链 65铰接在承重梁 61上。 当拔出自动插销 66时,一端通 过铰链 77与承重梁 61铰接、 另一端通过铰链 78与开合体 63铰接的油缸 (开合体控制装置) 67, 能使开合体 63绕铰链 65旋转, 使中央圓环 68 向敞开侧敞开。 在开合体 63闭合的状态下, 自动插销 66能将两个开合体 63的另一端连接在一起, 两个开合体 63与^重梁 61的中间部形成一个完 整的圓环——中央圓环 68。 中央圓环 68的竖直方向的轴线是中央圓环 68 的中心 0。 上述承重梁 61、 开合体 63、 油缸 67及铰链 65、 77、 78构成中 央圓环 68的开合机构, 而铰链 65到铰链 78之间的摆臂的长度、 以及铰链 65到铰链 78之间的摆臂相对铰链 65到油缸 67轴线的垂线的初始角度和 终止角度是该开合机构的重要参数。
如图 4和图 5所示, 在承重梁 61中部的中央圓环 68的下方, 沿周向 均匀分布固定着多个吊杆 69, 吊杆 69的下端, 固定在圓形的吊篮 70上。 吊篮 70同样制成能开合的门形结构, 敞开侧由两个吊篮开合体 71构成, 闭合侧为吊篮本体 72。 两个对开的吊篮开合体 71的一端均通过铰链 73铰 接在吊篮本体 72上。 当拔出吊篮自动插销 75时,一端通过铰链 57与吊篮 本体 72铰接、另一端通过铰链 58与吊篮开合体 71铰接的油缸(吊篮开合 体控制装置) 76, 能使吊篮开合体 71绕铰链 73旋转, 使吊篮 70向敞开侧 敞开。 在吊篮开合体 71闭合的状态下, 吊篮自动插销 75能将两个吊篮开 合体 71的另一端连接在一起,两个吊篮开合体 71与吊篮本体 72形成一个 完整的圓环一一吊篮 70。吊篮 70的竖直方向的轴线是吊篮 70的中心 0' 。 上述吊篮本体 72、 吊篮开合体 71、 油缸 76及铰链 73、 57、 58构成吊篮 70的开合机构, 而铰链 73到铰链 58之间的摆臂的长度、 以及铰链 73到 铰链 58之间的摆臂相对铰链 73到油缸 76轴线的垂线的初始角度和终止角 度是该开合机构的重要参数。
如图 4所示, 左侧的铰链 65和铰链 73的轴线在同一条铅垂线上, 同 样, 右侧的铰链 65和铰链 73的轴线也在同一条铅垂线上。 而且, 左右两 侧用于中央圓环 68开合的油缸(开合体控制装置) 67和用于吊篮 70开合 的油缸(吊篮开合体控制装置) 76完全相同, 且铰链 65到铰链 78之间的 摆臂的长度与铰链 73到铰链 58之间的摆臂的长度相同, 铰链 65到铰链 78之间的摆臂相对铰链 65到油缸 67轴线的垂线的初始角度和终止角度与 铰链 73到铰链 58之间的摆臂相对铰链 73到油缸 76轴线的垂线的初始角 度和终止角度相同, 也就是说, 中央圓环 68和吊篮 70具有完全相同的开 合机构, 因此, 当拔出两自动插销 66、 75 , 且同时使油缸 67、 76收缩时, 能使中央圓环 68的两个开合体 63和吊篮 70的两个吊篮开合体 71 , 连同 安装在开合体 63和吊篮开合体 71之间的吊杆 69, 绕左右两侧铰链 65和 73的共同轴线旋转, 使中央圓环 68和吊篮 70同步向敞开侧敞开。 图 6所 示是中央圓环 68的开合体 63和吊篮 70的吊篮开合体 71连同吊杆 69向敞 开侧敞开的状态。
图 7是吊杆 69的结构示意图, (a )是吊篮 70没有旋转且用通过中央 圓环 68的中心 0 (吊篮中心 0' ) 的平面剖切吊杆 69的剖视图, (b )是 吊篮 70旋转且用与吊杆 69的分布圓相切的平面剖切吊杆 69的剖视图,( c ) 是吊篮 70旋转且用通过吊篮中心 0' 的平面剖切吊杆 69的剖视图。 图 8 是吊杆 69的上部万向铰接环节 80的局部放大立体图,图 9是吊杆 69的下 部万向铰接环节 81的局部放大立体图,图 10是吊杆 69中部的伸缩扭转环 节 86的放大结构示意图。
如图 4〜图 10所示, 吊杆 69的上端设有与承重梁 61的中央圓环 68 连接的上部万向铰接环节 80。 上部万向铰接环节 80由以下部分构成: 与 中央圓环 68连接的上连接座 89; 中间连接件 85; 连接上连接座 89和中间 连接件 85的销轴 82;上部杆 90;连接中间连接件 85和上部杆 90的销轴 83。 如图 4所示, 销轴 82的轴线穿过中央圓环 68的中心 0, 即沿上连接座 89 的分布圓径向延伸, 而销轴 83的轴线在俯视图中与销轴 82的轴线正交, 即沿上连接座 89在中央圓环 68上的分布圓切线方向延伸。
吊杆 69的下端设有与吊篮 70连接的下部万向铰接环节 81。 下部万向 铰接环节 81的结构与上部万向铰接环节 80的结构相同。 如图 4、 图 7和 图 9所示, 下部万向铰接环节 81由以下部分构成: 与吊篮 70连接的下连 接座 91 ; 中间连接件 88; 连接下连接座 91和中间连接件 88的销轴 87; 下部杆 92; 连接中间连接件 88和下部杆 92的销轴 93。 如图 4所示, 销轴 87的轴线穿过吊篮 70的中心 0' , 即沿下连接座 91的分布圓径向延伸, 而销轴 93的轴线在俯视图中与销轴 87的轴线正交,即沿下连接座 91在吊 篮 70上的分布圓切线方向延伸。
如图 7和图 10所示, 吊杆 69的中部设有伸缩扭转环节 86。 伸缩扭转 环节 86由以下部分构成: 顶部具有较大的突缘、 杆的端部与上部杆 90螺 接的内连接件 95; 外形为杯状、 杯口部与下部杆 92螺接、 底部具有内连 接件 95的杆部穿过的通孔的外连接件 96; 安装在内连接件 95的顶部内侧 和外连接件 96的底部内表面之间的推力轴承 97和弹性元件 (碟簧, 也可 以是螺旋弹簧或橡胶柱等弹性元件) 98。 如图 10所示, 在吊杆 69承受规 定的拉力时, 上部杆 90的端部与外连接件 96的底部外表面之间、 以及内 连接件 95的顶部外侧与下部杆 92的端部之间留有间隙 δ。 另外, 内连接 件 95的杆部与外连接件 96的底部通孔为间隙配合。 根据该结构可知, 当 吊杆 69所承受的力大于规定拉力时, 弹性元件 98进一步被压缩, 间隙 δ 变大, 吊杆 69的长度增大; 当吊杆 69所承受的力小于规定拉力时, 弹性 元件 98的轴向长度回复到与其所承受的力相对应的长度, 间隙 δ变小, 吊 杆 69的长度减小。 另外, 由于推力轴承 95的存在, 即使在上部杆 90和下 部杆 92承受很大的拉力的情况下, 也能很轻松地相对扭转。
以下对这种结构的中央圓环 68、 吊杆 69和吊篮 70进行运动学分析。 图 11是表示在吊篮 70仅旋转时吊篮 70上的下连接座 91在分布圓上 变化情况的示意图。
由于吊杆 69的固定在中央圓环 68上的上连接座 89的分布圓直径,与 固定在吊篮 70上的下连接座 91的分布圓直径相同且相位相同, 所以, 在 俯视图中, 中央圓环中心 0和吊篮中心 0' 重合, 两分布圓重合, 在俯视 图中同一吊杆的上下两连接座 89、 91 也重合为一点。 为便于描述, 如图 11所示, 假设吊杆 a的上下两连接座 89、 91在分布圓的俯视图中位于 X 轴上。
如图 11所示, 若吊篮 70绕其中心 σ 旋转, 向逆时针方向旋转角度 β , 吊杆 a上端的固定在中央圓环 68上的上连接座 89并没有运动, 下端 的固定在吊篮 70上的下连接座 91从位置 1移动到位置 1' 。 这实际上是 下连接座 91沿其分布圓的切线方向(Y轴方向)移动了 y的距离, 沿其分 布圓径向 (X轴方向)移动了 X的距离。
从上部万向铰接环节 80和下部万向铰接环节 81的各销轴 82、 83、 87、 93的设置方向来看, 因为销轴 82的轴线穿过中央圓环 68的中心 0, 即沿 上连接座 89的分布圓径向延伸, 销轴 87的轴线穿过吊篮 70的中心 0' , 即沿下连接座 91的分布圓径向延伸, 而销轴 83和销轴 93的轴线与销轴 82和销轴 87的轴线正交, 所以, 下连接座 91沿其分布圓切线方向( Y轴 方向) 的运动, 是通过上部万向铰接环节 80的中间连接件 85绕销轴 82 旋转、和下部万向铰接环节 81的中间连接件 88绕销轴 87旋转来实现的(如 图 7 ( b )所示), 而下连接座 91沿其分布圓径向 (X轴方向)的运动, 是 通过上部万向铰接环节 80的上部杆 90绕销轴 83旋转、和下部万向铰接环 节 81的下部杆 92绕销轴 93旋转来实现的 (如图 7 ( c )所示)。
另外,从图 11可知,在下连接座 91绕吊篮 70的中心 0' 向逆时针方 向公转角度 β时, 下连接座 91也向逆时针方向自转了角度 β。 因为上部万 向铰接环节 80和下部万向铰接环节 81不能相对扭转, 所以该自转是通过 在吊杆 69的中部设置的伸缩扭转环节 86中的推力轴承 97来实现的。
另外, 通常情况下, 风机塔筒连接法兰的螺栓孔 4艮多 (例如 120个), 螺栓孔对中仅需转动很小的角度(例如左右各 1.5° ), 又因为上连接座 89 和下连接座 91的分布圓直径 4艮大, 所以, 实际上下连接座 91沿 Υ轴方向 的移动距离 y远远地大于沿 X轴方向移动的距离 X , 而因为下连接座 91 沿 Y轴方向的运动, 是通过中间连接件 85绕销轴 82旋转、 和中间连接件 88绕销轴 87旋转来实现的, 下连接座 91沿 X轴方向的运动,是通过上部 杆 90绕销轴 83旋转、 和下部杆 92绕销轴 93旋转来实现的, 所以, 中间 连接件 85绕销轴 82和中间连接件 88绕销轴 87旋转的角度, 远远地大于 上部杆 90绕销轴 83和下部杆 92绕销轴 93旋转的角度。 也就是说, 在图 7 ( b ) 中所示的角度远远地大于在图 7 ( c ) 中所示的角度。
另外,如果下连接座 91的分布圓直径和塔筒连接法兰的螺栓孔的个数 已定的话, 下连接座 91的移动距离 X和 y就已定, 如果使吊杆 69的长度 足够大, 则可以使中间连接件 85绕销轴 82和中间连接件 88绕销轴 87旋 转的角度 4艮小,也就是说,可以使上部杆 90绕销轴 83和下部杆 92绕销轴 93旋转的角度更小。
这样的话, 实际上是将与平动距离较大的切向运动 (Y轴方向)相关 的销轴 82、 87设置在上部万向铰接环节 80的上连接座 89和中间连接件 85之间、 以及下部万向铰接环节 81的下连接座 91和中间连接件 88之间, 将与平动距离较小的径向运动(X轴方向)相关的销轴 83、 93设置在上部 万向铰接环节 80的中间连接件 85和上部杆 90之间、以及下部万向铰接环 节 81的中间连接件 88和下部杆 92之间, 将伸缩扭转环节 86设置在上部 杆 90和下部杆 92之间。从另一角度说,就是将上部万向铰接环节 80的沿 上连接座 89的分布圓径向延伸的销轴 82设置在与中央圓环 68连接的上连 接座 89和中间连接件 85之间,将沿上连接座 89的分布圓切线方向延伸的 销轴 83设置在中间连接件 85和上部杆 90之间, 将下部万向铰接环节 81 的沿下连接座 91的分布圓径向延伸的销轴 87设置在与吊篮 70连接的下连 接座 91和中间连接件 88之间,将沿下连接座 91的分布圓切线方向延伸的 销轴 93设置在中间连接件 88和下部杆 92之间, 将伸缩扭转环节 86设置 在上部杆 90和下部杆 92之间。
从图 7 ( c ) 可以看出, 如果上部杆 90相对中间连接件 85、 以及下部 杆 92相对中间连接件 88偏转的角度较大的话, 上连接座 89和下连接座 91就会承受很大的侧向弯矩,但由于像以上那样设置上部万向铰接环节 80 的销轴 82和销轴 83 , 以及下部万向铰接环节 81的销轴 87和销轴 93 , 又 由于下连接座 91沿分布圓径向移动的距离 x 4艮小, 上部杆 90相对中间连 接件 85、 以及下部杆 92相对中间连接件 88偏转的角度就 4艮小, 所以, 在 吊篮 70旋转时, 即使吊杆 69承受 4艮大的拉力, 上连接座 89和下连接座 91所受的侧向弯矩也会 4艮小, 不至于损坏上连接座 89和下连接座 91。
由于上连接座 89的分布圓和下连接座 91的分布圓直径相同, 且同一 吊杆 69的上下两连接座 89、 91在分布圓上的位置也相同, 所以, 如果吊 篮 70仅相对中央圓环 68绕吊篮 70的中心 0' (中央圓环 68的中心 0 ) 旋转, 其它吊杆 69和吊篮 70上的其它下连接座 91做与上述所分析吊杆 69和下连接座 91相同的动作, 吊篮 70能相对中央圓环 68、 即相对 重梁 61平稳地旋转一定角度, 且不至于损坏上连接座 89和下连接座 91。
图 12是表示在吊篮 70既平动又旋转时吊篮 70上的下连接座 91在分 布圓上的变化情况的示意图。
如图 12所示, 殳吊篮 70向 X轴的反方向移动了距离 L, 然后再向 逆时针方向旋转了角度 γ。以下对在 X轴的正方向上的吊杆 a和在 Y轴的 正方向和反方向上的吊杆 b和吊杆 c的运动情况进行分析。 由于吊杆 a处 于 X轴上, 而吊杆 b和吊杆 c处于 Y轴的正方向和反方向上, 如果吊篮 70向 X轴的反方向移动了距离 L, 然后向逆时针方向旋转了角度 γ , 则在 中央圓环 68上的上连接座 89并没有运动, 而在吊篮 70上的下连接座 91 有不同的运动轨迹。 吊杆 a的下连接座 91从点 1运动到了点 1' , 吊杆 b 的下连接座 91从点 2运动到了点 ' , 吊杆 c的下连接座 91从点 3运动 到了点 3' 。 从图 12中可知, 点 1到点 1' 的距离、 点 2到点 2' 的距离, 和点 3到点 Ύ 的距离并不相等。由于固定在中央圓环 68上的上连接座 89 处于同一平面上, 固定在吊篮 70上的下连接座 91也处于同一平面上, 所 以此时吊杆 a、 吊杆 b和吊杆 c的空间长度是不相等的。 虽然在吊篮 70既 水平移动又扭转时, 各吊杆 69的长度要求不一样, 但因吊杆 69很长, 且 水平移动的距离和扭转的角度都很小,所以吊杆 69的长度相差很小,因此, 在吊杆 69上设置了伸缩扭转环节 86。 如图 10所示, 伸缩扭转环节 86中 的弹性元件 98在吊杆 69承受的力大于规定拉力时,弹性元件 98进一步被 压缩, 间隙 δ变大, 吊杆 69的长度增大, 当吊杆 69所承受的力小于规定 拉力时, 弹性元件 98的长度回复到与其所承受的力相对应的长度, 间隙 δ 变小, 吊杆 69的长度减小。 这样会使各吊杆 69所受的拉力趋于均匀, 不 至于吊杆 69有的受拉有的受压, 损坏吊杆 69和吊篮 70。
另外, 如图 5所示, 在中央圓环 68 (承重梁 61 )的闭合侧的下方, 设 有连接架 50, 与承重梁 61构成一体。 如图 4和图 5所示, 沿吊篮 70的切 线方向设置有扭转装置(扭转油缸) 51 , 扭转装置 51的一端用球铰与吊篮 70铰接, 另一端与连接架 50铰接, 且使其大致为水平放置。 如果驱动扭 转装置 51 , 吊篮 70受到切线方向的力, 吊篮 70能相对承重梁 61 (中央圓 环 68 )扭转。 另外, 在连接架 50和吊篮 70之间, 沿吊篮 70的径向设置 有横向微调油缸 52和纵向微调油缸 53 , 两油缸的一端用球铰与吊篮 70铰 接, 另一端与连接架 50铰接, 使其大致为水平放置。 该横向微调装置 52 和纵向微调装置 53构成本发明的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构的平动装置。 如果驱动横向微调装置 52或纵向微调装置 53 , 吊篮 70承受正向的推力, 吊篮 70能相对承重梁 61 (中央圓环 68 )水平移动。 应当注意的是, 本旋 转抱举机构 6的水平移动功能仅用于风机塔筒 31的水平位置微调,大距离 的水平位置的调整是由门式框架 16的水平移动装置 26来完成的。
以下对抱紧装置 7的结构形式和工作原理进行说明。
图 13是表示抱紧装置 7的工作状态的结构示意图。
如图 4和图 13所示,抱紧装置 7由撑杆 8、压板 9和压板控制油缸 10 构成。 撑杆 8的一端铰接在吊篮 70上, 另一端与压板 9铰接, 压板控制油 缸 10的一端与吊篮 70的内侧下端铰接, 另一端与撑杆 8的靠近压板 9一 侧铰接。 若压板控制油缸 10的活塞杆伸出, 则撑杆 8绕与吊篮 70铰接的 销轴旋转, 撑杆 8的另一端带动压板 9离开风机塔筒 31。
若压板控制油缸 10的活塞杆收缩, 则撑杆 8绕与吊篮 70铰接的销轴 旋转, 撑杆 8的另一端带动压板 9, 将压板 9的粘贴有大摩擦系数的摩擦 材料层的压紧面压靠在塔筒 31的表面上。在这里,压板 9的压紧面与塔筒 31接触的面称为摩擦面。 如图 13所示, 撑杆 8在受力时其作用力的方向 为两铰接点的连线方向, 也就是说撑杆 8是二力杆。 而且设计成在压板 9 压靠在塔筒 31的表面上时, 撑杆 8的作用力方向与压板 9和塔筒 31的摩 擦面的法线方向的夹角《 ,小于压板 9的压紧面与塔筒 31表面的摩擦角 , 即,如果压板 9的压紧面与塔筒 31表面的摩擦系数是 ,则" < arctan / = 。
根据理论力学可知, 假设撑杆 8的推力为 撑杆 8推压压板 9的横 向分力为 Fcos " , 由此在摩擦面上所产生的摩擦力 (纵向)为 ^ cos " , 而 撑杆 8推压压板 9的纵向分力为 F sin « ,若要使 / 。8 « > F sin " ,则 即" < arctan^ = Ψ。 也就是说, 如果撑杆 8的作用力方向在压板 9的压紧面 与塔筒 31表面的摩擦角 的范围之内,则就出现理论力学和机械原理中所 称的自锁( self-lock )现象, 其摩擦面上的摩擦力永远大于撑杆 8的向上的 分力, 而实际上多个撑杆 8共同承担的向上的合力就等于风机 2和塔筒 31 的重力。 就是说, 这种结构形式, 当吊篮 70向上提升时, 由于撑杆 8的作 用力方向在压板 9的压紧面与塔筒 31表面的摩擦角 的范围之内, 出现自 锁现象, 所以压板 9不会沿塔筒 31表面滑动, 而是抱紧装置 7的撑杆 8 将压板 9更加强有力地压靠在塔筒 31上, 塔筒 31越重抱得越紧。
为了不损伤塔筒 31的油漆面且获得较大的摩擦系数, 通常压板 9的、 与塔筒 31接触的大摩擦系数的摩擦材料层选用稍软一些的橡胶,也可以在 橡胶层外再粘贴一层皮革或仿革织布。
另夕卜,由于在吊篮 70上沿塔筒 31的周向均匀布置多个抱紧装置 7 (在 图 13中仅示出了一个抱紧装置 7。 ) , 所以多个撑杆 8推压压板 9的径向推 力全部作用在塔筒 31上且相互抵消, 而撑杆 8推压压板 9的向上的分力, 通过压板 9最终以摩擦力的形式作用在塔筒 31上, 与风机 2和塔筒 31的 重力相平衡。
由于抱紧装置 7设置在吊篮 70上,在抱紧装置 7抱紧风机塔筒 31时, 吊篮 70与风机塔筒 31成为一个刚性的整体,所以, 吊篮 70旋转或水平移 动, 则风机塔筒 31也随之旋转或水平移动。 因此, 通过由扭转装置 51、 横向微调装置 52或纵向微调装置 53驱动吊篮相对承重梁 61旋转或水平移 动, 能使风机塔筒 31相对承重梁 61旋转或水平移动。
综上所述, 本发明的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 包括: 设置在门式 框架 16的两立柱 17之间、 中间具有中央圓环 68、 且能沿门式框架 16的 两立柱 17上下移动的承重梁 61 ; 设置于中央圓环 68下端的多个吊杆 69; 由多个吊杆 69悬挂于中央圓环 68下端的吊篮 70; 设置在吊篮 70上、 沿 吊篮 70的周向分布的多个抱紧装置 7; 设置在吊篮 70和与承重梁 61—体 的连接架 50之间的、 用于驱动吊篮 70旋转的扭转装置 51。
风机整体安装旋转抱举机构还包括平动装置, 平动装置包括设置在吊 篮 70和连接架 50之间的横向微调装置 52和纵向微调装置 53。
中央圓环 68由承重梁 61的中间部和能向敞开侧开合的两个对开的开 合体 63、 自动插销 66、 两个铰链 65和两个开合体控制装置 67构成, 两个 开合体 63的一端均通过铰链 65铰接在承重梁 61上, 开合体控制装置 67 设置在承重梁和开合体 63之间, 在两个开合体 63闭合的状态下, 自动插 销 66能将两个开合体 63的另一端连接在一起。
吊杆 69由上部万向铰接环节 80、 下部万向铰接环节 81及伸缩扭转环 节 86构成, 吊杆 69的上部万向铰接环节 80由上连接座 89、 中间连接件 85、上部杆 90以及两个在俯视图中正交的销轴 82和销轴 83构成; 下部万 向铰接环节 81由下连接座 91、 中间连接件 88、下部杆 92以及两个在俯视 图中正交的销轴 87和销轴 93构成; 伸缩扭转环节 86设置在上部杆 90和 下部杆 92之间, 由内连接件 95、 外连接件 96、 推力轴承 97和弹性元件 98构成。 上连接座 89与中央圓环 68连接、 下连接座 91与吊篮 70连接, 上连接座 89的分布圓直径与下连接座 91的分布圓直径相同且相位相同, 上部万向铰接环节 80的沿上连接座 89的分布圓径向延伸的销轴 82设置在 上连接座 89和中间连接件 85之间,沿上连接座 89的分布圓切线方向延伸 的销轴 83设置在中间连接件 85和上部杆 90之间, 下部万向铰接环节 81 的沿下连接座 91的分布圓径向延伸的销轴 87设置在下连接座 91和中间连 接件 88之间,沿下连接座 91的分布圓切线方向延伸的销轴 93设置在中间 连接件 88和下部杆 92之间。
为了能向敞开侧打开中央圓环 68和吊篮 70以及两端与中央圓环 68 和吊篮 70连接的吊杆 69, 吊篮 70要采用与中央圓环 68相同的结构形式。 即吊篮 70由吊篮本体 72、 能向敞开侧开合的两个对开的吊篮开合体 71、 吊篮自动插销 75、 两个铰链 73和两个吊篮开合体控制装置 76构成, 两个 吊篮开合体 71的一端均通过铰链 73铰接在吊篮本体 72上,吊篮开合体控 制装置 76设置在吊篮本体 72和吊篮开合体 71之间, 在两个吊篮开合体 71闭合的状态下, 吊篮自动插销 75能将两个吊篮开合体 71的另一端连接 在一起。
虽然吊篮 70 采用的是对开的结构形式, 但也可以采用单开的结构形 式, 与中央圓环 68的结构形式保持一致。
中央圓环 68和吊篮 70具有相同的开合机构,且用于中央圓环 68的开 合体 63开合的铰链 65与用于吊篮 70的吊篮开合体 71开合的铰链 73在同 一条铅垂线上。
抱紧装置 7由撑杆 8、 压板 9和压板控制装置 10构成, 撑杆 8的作用 力方向在压板 9与风机塔筒 31的摩擦面的摩擦角范围之内。
由于风机整体安装旋转抱举机构 6位于门式框架 16的下方并具有以上 结构, 所以, 若通过驱动提升装置 5使承重梁 61下降、 打开吊篮 70、 中 央圓环 68和护持装置 20, 控制抱举架 28移动到塔筒 31下端的连接法兰 附近, 使风机塔筒 31位于中央圓环 68、 吊篮 70和护持装置 20的中心, 关闭中央圓环 68的开合体 63和吊篮 70的吊篮开合体 71以及护持装置 20 , 插入自动插销 66和吊篮自动插销 75并锁闭护持装置 20, 再由抱紧装置 7 的压板控制装置 10将压板 9压靠在风机塔筒 31上, 通过驱动提升装置 5 使承重梁 61的导向装置 62 (中央圓环 68 )向上移动, 多个吊杆 69随之向 上移动, 吊篮 70也随之向上移动, 则安装在吊篮 70上的抱紧装置 7的撑 杆 8进一步推压压板 9,抱紧装置 7能将风机塔筒 31抱紧并固定在吊篮 70 上。 此时可以根据需要将风机 2提升或下降到所需要的高度。 在门式框架 16带动旋转抱举机构 6移动到风机基础的安装基座上方时,通过驱动横向 微调装置 52和纵向微调装置 53能使风机塔筒 31相对承重梁 61水平移动, 结合门式框架 16的水平移动装置 26 (旋转抱举机构 6的水平移动功能仅 用于水平位置的微调。 ) 的作用, 能实现风机塔筒 31中心与风机安装基座 中心的对中,通过驱动扭转装置 51使风机塔筒 31相对承重梁 61旋转, 能 实现风机塔筒 31 连接法兰的螺栓孔和风机基础上的安装基座的连接法兰 螺栓孔的对中, 并将风机 2固定在风机基础安装基座的连接法兰上。 这样 就避开了塔筒 31上方的机抢、 轮毂和叶片, 从风机 2的下方抱举塔筒 31 , 且在抱举着塔筒 31的状态下,方便地实现了风机塔筒中心与风机安装基座 中心的对中、 和风机塔筒连接法兰的螺栓孔和风机基础上的安装基座的连 接法兰螺栓孔的对中, 由于不需要安装风机专用的起重法兰和工装, 所以 在安装施工结束时, 只要打开门式框架 16上的护持装置 20、 松开抱紧装 置 7和承重梁 61的中央圓环 68以及吊篮 70, 抱举架 28就能脱离风机 2, 风机运输安装平台 1就能 4艮方便地驶离风机 2。
另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然承重梁 61 中间为圓形的中央圓环 68, 但也可以采用正多边形的结构形式。
另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然承重梁 61的中央圓环 68是对开的结构 形式, 但也可以采用单开的结构形式。
另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然吊杆 69的上部万向铰接环节 80和下部 万向铰接环节 81采用的是两销轴 82、 83及 87、 93轴线正交但不在同一个 平面内的铰接形式, 但也可以采用两轴线正交且在同一个平面内的十字轴 式万向联轴器、球铰式万向联轴器的结构形式,或仅一个轴的关节轴承(球 铰), 在采用关节轴承的情况下, 吊杆中部可以仅设置伸缩环节。 另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然吊杆 69采用的是刚性杆的结构形式, 但 也可以采用柔性的吊索的结构形式, 在采用吊索的情况下, 吊杆的上下两 端不设置万向铰接环节, 吊杆中部可以仅设置伸缩环节, 也可以不设置伸 缩环节。
另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然上部万向铰接环节 80的上连接座 89设 置在中央圓环 68的下侧,下部万向铰接环节 81的下连接座 91设置在吊篮 70的上侧, 但也可以将上连接座 89设置在中央圓环 68的上侧, 将下连接 座 91设置在吊篮 70的下侧。
另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然伸缩扭转环节 86中的弹性元件 98采用 的是碟簧, 但也可以采用螺旋弹簧、 橡胶柱等其它弹性元件。
另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然吊篮 70采用的是圓形的结构形式, 但也 可以采用多边形的结构形式。
另外, 在上述实施例中, 虽然吊篮 70采用的是对开的结构形式, 但也 可以采用单开的结构形式, 与中央圓环 68的结构形式保持一致。
另外,在上述实施例中, 虽然用于驱动吊篮 70旋转或水平移动的扭转 装置 51、 横向微调装置 52和纵向微调装置 53采用的油缸, 但也可以采用 汽缸、 滚珠丝杠或齿轮齿条等结构形式。
以上应用具体例子对本发明所提供的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构的原 理及实施方式进行了详细介绍, 但以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本 发明的方法及其核心思想。 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来 说, 在不脱离本发明原理和总体架构的前提下, 完全可以对本发明进行一 些改进和修饰, 这些改进和修饰也在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征在于: 包括设置在门式框 架(16)的两立柱(17)之间、 中间具有中央圓环(68)、 且能沿所述门式 框架(16)的两立柱(17)上下移动的承重梁(61); 设置于所述中央圓环 (68)下端的多个吊杆(69); 由多个所述吊杆(69)悬挂于所述中央圓环 (68)下端的吊篮(70); 设置在所述吊篮(70)上、 沿所述吊篮(70)的 周向分布的多个抱紧装置(7); 还包括设置在所述吊篮(70)和与所述承 重梁(61 )—体的连接架(50)之间的、 用于驱动所述吊篮(70)旋转的 扭转装置(51)。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征在于: 还包括平动装置, 所述平动装置包括设置在所述吊篮(70)和所述连接架 (50)之间的横向微调装置 (52)和纵向微调装置(53)。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征在于: 所述中央圓环 (68) 由所述承重梁(61 ) 的中间部和能向敞开侧开合的两 个对开的开合体(63)、 自动插销 (66)、 两个铰链(65)和两个开合体控 制装置(67)构成, 两个所述开合体(63) 的一端均通过所述铰链 (65) 铰接在所述承重梁(61 )上, 所述开合体控制装置 (67)设置在所述承重 梁(61)和所述开合体 (63)之间, 在两个所述开合体 (63) 闭合的状态 下, 所述自动插销 (66)能将两个所述开合体(63)的另一端连接在一起。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征在于: 所述吊杆(69)由上部万向铰接环节(80)、 下部万向铰接环节(81 )及伸 缩扭转环节 (86)构成, 所述吊杆(69) 的所述上部万向铰接环节 (80) 由上连接座(89)、 中间连接件(85)、 上部杆(90) 以及两个在俯视图中 轴线正交的销轴(82、 83)构成; 所述下部万向铰接环节 (81) 由下连接 座(91)、 中间连接件 (88)、 下部杆(92) 以及两个在俯视图中轴线正交 的销轴(87、 93)构成; 所述伸缩扭转环节(86)设置在所述上部杆(90) 和所述下部杆( 92 )之间, 由内连接件 ( 95 )、 外连接件( 96 )、 推力轴承 ( 97 )和弹性元件( 98 )构成; 所述上连接座( 89 )与所述中央圓环( 68 ) 连接、 所述下连接座(91)与所述吊篮(70)连接, 所述上连接座(89) 的分布圓直径与所述下连接座(91 ) 的分布圓直径相同且相位相同, 所述 上部万向铰接环节 (80) 的沿所述上连接座(89) 的分布圓径向延伸的所 述销轴(82)设置在所述上连接座(89)和所述中间连接件 (85)之间, 沿所述上连接座(89) 的分布圓切线方向延伸的所述销轴(83)设置在所 述中间连接件( 85 )和所述上部杆( 90 )之间,所述下部万向铰接环节( 81 ) 的沿所述下连接座(91) 的分布圓径向延伸的所述销轴(87)设置在所述 下连接座(91 )和所述中间连接件 (88)之间, 沿所述下连接座(91) 的 分布圓切线方向延伸的所述销轴(93)设置在所述中间连接件(88)和所 述下部杆(92)之间。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征在于: 所述吊篮(70)由吊篮本体(72)、 能向敞开侧开合的两个对开的吊篮开合 体(71)、 吊篮自动插销 (75)、 两个铰链(73)和两个吊篮开合体控制装 置(76)构成, 两个所述吊篮开合体(71) 的一端均通过所述铰链 (73) 铰接在所述吊篮本体(72)上, 所述吊篮开合体控制装置(76)设置在所 述吊篮本体(72)和所述吊篮开合体(71)之间, 在两个所述吊篮开合体 (71) 闭合的状态下, 所述吊篮自动插销 (75) 能将两个所述吊篮开合体 (71) 的另一端连接在一起。
6、 根据权利要求 1、 3或 5所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特 征在于: 所述中央圓环(68)和所述吊篮(70)具有参数相同的开合机构, 且用于所述中央圓环(68) 的开合体(63)开合的所述铰链 (65) 与用于 所述吊篮(70) 的吊篮开合体 (71 )开合的所述铰链(73)在同一条铅垂 线上。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征在于: 所述抱紧装置 (7) 由撑杆(8)、 压板(9)和压板控制装置(10)构成, 所述撑杆(8) 的作用力方向与所述压板(9)和风机塔筒 (31) 的摩擦面 的法线方向的夹角小于所述压板( 9 )与风机塔筒( 31 )的摩擦面的摩擦角。
8、根据权利要求 1或 3所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构,其特征在 于: 所述中央圓环(68)是圓形或者正多边形的结构形式。
9、根据权利要求 1或 3所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构,其特征是: 所述中央圓环(68)是对开或者单开的结构形式。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征 在于: 所述吊杆(69) 的所述上部万向铰接环节 (80)和所述下部万向铰 接环节 (81 )是两个在俯视图中销轴轴线正交且不在同一个平面内的铰接 形式, 或在同一个平面内的十字轴式万向联轴器、 球铰式万向联轴器的结 构形式, 或者仅一个轴的关节轴承的结构形式。
11、根据权利要求 10所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构,其特征在于: 在采用所述的关节轴承结构形式时, 所述吊杆中部设置有伸缩环节。
12、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征 在于: 所述吊杆(69)是刚性杆的结构形式, 或者是柔性吊索的结构形式。
13、根据权利要求 12所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构,其特征在于: 当所述吊杆采用所述柔性吊索时, 吊杆中部增设有伸缩环节。
14、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征 在于: 所述上部万向铰接环节 (80) 的所述上连接座(89)设置在所述中 央圓环( 68 )的下侧, 所述下部万向铰接环节( 81 )的所述下连接座( 91 ) 设置在所述吊篮(70) 的上侧, 或者所述上连接座(89)设置在所述中央 圓环 (68) 的上侧, 所述下连接座(91 )设置在所述吊篮(70) 的下侧。
15、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征 在于: 所述伸缩扭转环节 (86) 的所述弹性元件(98)是碟簧或者螺旋弹 簧或者橡胶柱。
16、 根据权利要求 1或 5所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征 在于: 所述吊篮(70)是圓形或者正多边形的结构形式。
17、 根据权利要求 1或 5所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征 在于: 所述吊篮(70)是对开或者单开的结构形式, 与中央圓环(68) 的 结构形式保持一致。
18、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的风机整体安装旋转抱举机构, 其特征 在于: 所述扭转装置(51)、 横向微调装置(52)和纵向微调装置(53)是 油缸、 汽缸、 滚珠丝杠或者齿轮齿条。
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