WO2012050535A1 - Panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire - Google Patents

Panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012050535A1
WO2012050535A1 PCT/SI2011/000009 SI2011000009W WO2012050535A1 WO 2012050535 A1 WO2012050535 A1 WO 2012050535A1 SI 2011000009 W SI2011000009 W SI 2011000009W WO 2012050535 A1 WO2012050535 A1 WO 2012050535A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polymer
building panel
adhesive
panel according
polymer based
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SI2011/000009
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Aleš KRALJ
Matjaž ŽNIDARŠIČ
Miroslav HALILOVIČ
Marko Vrh
Boris ŠTOK
Original Assignee
Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O. filed Critical Cbs Inštitut, Celovite Gradbene Rešitve, D.O.O.
Priority to CA2813405A priority Critical patent/CA2813405A1/fr
Priority to US13/877,975 priority patent/US20130202845A1/en
Priority to AU2011314394A priority patent/AU2011314394A1/en
Priority to CN2011800608740A priority patent/CN103348068A/zh
Priority to EA201390518A priority patent/EA201390518A1/ru
Priority to BR112013009103A priority patent/BR112013009103A2/pt
Priority to JP2013533822A priority patent/JP2013539834A/ja
Priority to EP11714135.8A priority patent/EP2464799B1/fr
Publication of WO2012050535A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012050535A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/388—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of other materials, e.g. fibres, plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24744—Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential

Definitions

  • Invention is classified as technical solutions of civil engineering with integral thermal and sound insulation, performed using principles of composite, pre-fabricated panel, with side frame based on polymers and steel metal sheets, said panel to be used in building shells - integrated and hanged facades.
  • the goal of presented invention is to propose such construction of composite panel where outer and inner panel provide for stiff box structure of building panel utilizing side frame, said building panel comprising optional insulation core.
  • the frame must provide for stiffness of said panel with mechanical link between inner and outer plate and with its own stiffness.
  • the frame should, if possible provide for effective inhibition of heat transfer and provide for dilatation of panels due to temperature difference within buildings, in particular on their exterior.
  • the first group shows panels with various implementations of polymer border/ reinforcement of composite building panels: EP 1333129, GB2344834, GB2451275 and WO2005070803. Particularly important seem subgroup of patents where the polymer border/ reinforcement is combined with inner steel reinforcement: FR2813624, US2004231275 and US4993204.
  • the second group comprises patents where the panel is build based on steel reinforcement or spacers: EP1312725, W09845545.
  • the third group comprises of patent discussing choice of adhesive for connection of elements of the first and the second group: WO2004073973.
  • Patent FR2813624 describes polymer reinforcement which quite effectively prevents excess heat transfer and provides for suitable reinforcement with combination with steel reinforcement profiles for panels which are additionally supported with load carrying insulation core.
  • non-load carrying insulation cores such as necessary in above referenced technical problem
  • simple thermoplastic extrudates such as for example PVC according to patent FR2813624 is not sufficient from the viewpoint of panel stiffness, and does not provide for match in linear temperature coefficients of expansion.
  • the use of PVC would provide in increased use of inner steel reinforcement which would be detrimental to very desirable heat resistance of this reinforcement.
  • Patent EP 1333129 suggests use of glass reinforced pultruded profiles which may be used for panels with load carrying core without steel inner reinforcements, however this solution could not be used for system without load carrying core.
  • Patent WO2004073973 defines adhesive for attaching of side frame as follows: the adhesive should be from polyurethane, epoxy or methacrylate group.
  • the adhesive should have tensile and/or shear strength at least 2 MPa.
  • the adhesive having strength only at least 2 MPa does not satisfy criteria for use in building panels.
  • Our experiment used polyurethane adhesive with strength significantly over 2 MPa and with modulus of elasticity over 1000 MPa. After attaching the panel onto the building the external panel fell off after approximately 2 months in summer. Hard polymer adhesives with high modulus of elasticity after exposure to varying day temperature between 10°C and 75 °C or more show loss of adhesive properties.
  • the above referenced technical problem is solved by building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space.
  • the problem of building panel is solved by external (1 1) and inner (12) plate attached by solid structural connection (1).
  • the structural connection (1) is attached to the plate with adhesive of appropriate thickness and hardness according to implementation of the invention.
  • the building panel is structure of external (1 1) and inner (12) plate whereas between the plates (1 1) and (12) there is intermediate insulation space with any kind of thermal and/or sound insulation preferably not forming solid structure in connection with plates (11) and (12).
  • the connection (1) comprises the link between plates (11) and (12).
  • the connection (1) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of panel frame. Further, the connection (1) comprises attached polymer based profile (2) or spacer stack (7) comprised of at least one spacer.
  • the first embodiment of building panel is structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate, said external plate for example of glass, and inner for example dry wall. Between plates (11) and (12) there is intermediate insulation space with optional thermal and/or sound insulation which preferably does not form solid structure in connection with plates (1 1) and (12), for example vacuum panels, gas filled panels, melamine foam, nanofoam or aerogels.
  • the connection (1) forms connection between plates (1 1) and (12).
  • the connection (1) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of panel frame.
  • the connection (1) comprises the polymer based profile (2) into which may be inserted additional profile (3) taking advantage of protrusions (6).
  • Additives for lowering of thermal conductivity may be added to polymer out of which the polymer based profile (2) is manufactured or said polymer component may be manufactured of polymer foam. Such additives should have thermal conductivity below 0.2 W/mK.
  • the additives for lowering the thermal conductivity may be hollow mineral (glass, ceramic) or hollow polymer spheres. At least between plates (11) and (12) in the polymer based profile (2) there is at least thermally insulating pocket 4.
  • An adhesive (5) based on rubbery-elastic polymer is positioned between the polymer based profile (2) and plates
  • this adhesive having hardness between 35 and 70 Shore A.
  • the hardness of said adhesive is between 40 and 50 Shore A.
  • the lower limit of adhesive hardness 35 Shore A stems from different adhesives known in structural glass facades which do not provide for stiffness of glass panels.
  • (12) provide for stiffness due to their distance and the adhesive should have as high stiffness as possible.
  • the adhesives with hardness above 70 Shore A for sizes of building panels do not provide for sufficient compensation of mechanical stresses due to temperature dilatations of panel components. According to own research the best compromise between higher stiffness and dilatation elastic is provided by adhesive with hardness between 40 and 50 Shore A.
  • the polymer based profile (2) is preferably manufactured of extruded thermoplastic composite reinforced with 25% to 50%, preferably 40% of glass fibers by weight.
  • the polymer based profile (2) provides for bending rigidity of the panel.
  • the thermoplastic polymers appropriate for use in civil engineering have relatively low modulus of elasticity ranging from 2000 to 3000 MPa.
  • the polymer based profile would therefore contribute little to stiffness (rigidity) of whole panel. In particular, the contribution is estimated at 10%. It would be economical that the polymer based profile would contribute to stiffness.
  • the thermoplastic composites with up to 55% weight filling with short or medium length glass fibers are state of the art. These may be up to five times stiffer than raw thermoplastics.
  • the profile based on base of polymer (2) can be manufactured using pultrusion process.
  • the polymer resin based on phenol- formaldehyde, polyester, preferably unsaturated, vinylester or epoxy, preferably with appropriate fillings can be pulled with glass or basalt fibers and appropriate woven or nonwoven mats of glass or basalt fibers through pultrusion matrix.
  • some other fibers may be used.
  • the process having significantly less than 50% of weight part of fiber content is here technologically not possible.
  • the upper limit of filling of fiber is again technologically limited and is around 75%.
  • the achievable modulus of elasticity of the profile is here significantly higher and is in range between 15000 and 25000 MPa. Pultrusion process is more demanding.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the polymer based profile is in this case so high that the required stiffness can be achieved without use of additional profile (3).
  • the polymer based profile (2) can provide within itself one or more thermally insulating pockets (4) filled with air or thermally insulating material.
  • thermally insulating pockets (4) filled with air or thermally insulating material.
  • pultruded polymer based profile (2) preferably of thermosetting resin, the implementation with several insulation pockets is difficult. In such case only one larger insulation pocket can be provided, however this should be filled with thermal insulation such as polyurethane foam.
  • Connection (1) further comprises adhesive (5) which is composite based on rubbery- elastic polymer, based on polyurethane, silicone, silane or preferably polysulfide.
  • the composite adhesive (5) is further comprised of usual or special fillings such as calcite or other fillings to achieve desired properties.
  • the layer of adhesive (5) should be thick at least 1 mm. The thickness above 5 mm would significantly lower the stiffness of the panel, the best results are achieved at thicknesses between 2 and 3.5 mm.
  • Additional reinforcement profile (3) may be metal, preferably steel construction pipe. However, for purposes of lowering of heat transfer, the mineral materials may be used. It should be possible to use (for example) glued glass beams.
  • the second embodiment of the building panel is structure of external (1 1) and inner (12) plate with intermediate insulation space.
  • the connection (1) between plates (1 1) and (12) is provided at least along longitudinal part of panel frame.
  • the connection (1) comprises two or more essentially one along another stacked spacers (7) which are attached one to another with at least one layer of polymer adhesive (8) with hardness between 45 and 95 Shore A, preferably between 60 and 85 Shore A.
  • the spacers (7) can be metal rectangular tubes, with or without ribs preferably manufactured of thin stainless steel with heat conductivity lower than 16 W/mK. Such commercially available steel spacers known in state of the art of insulation glasses may be used.
  • the spacers may be of hybrid construction with profile partially made of metal (stainless steel) and partially of polymer semi-rectangular tube such as hybrid ("warm edge") spacers known in state of the art of thermally insulated glass.
  • the spacers (7) may be also of elastic polymer foam or based on mineral, metal foam or honeycomb.
  • hybrid spacer (7) with thickness of steel part of the spacer between 0.05 and 0.2 mm.
  • the thicknesses below 0.05 mm are too thin for mechanical strength of the spacer, the thicknesses above 0.2 mm conduct too much heat.
  • the thickness of about 0.1 mm seems to be optimal.
  • the polymers which are cheaper and conduct even less heat than those used in state of the art of insulation glasses may be used. These are for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polystyrene (PS).
  • Insulation glasses usually use polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP).
  • connection (1) in addition to spacers in the second embodiment comprises also adhesive (4) on basis of methacrylate or hybrid polyurethane.
  • the hardness of said adhesive in combination with the thickness is of importance.
  • the hardness of at least 45 Shore A is needed.
  • the hardness of more than 95 Shore A could cause early shear failure of adhesive connection between plates (1 1) and (12) in corners when this connection is subject to outside forces (for example wind) in the corner of a building.
  • the optimal is use of adhesive with final hardness between 60 and 85 Shore A, and layer of adhesive between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. More than one layer of adhesive (e.g. two) can be between spacers. Less than 0.2 mm combined thickness of adhesive between the spacers endangers the flexibility of the connection during exposure of the panel to wind, more than 1 mm of thickness does not provide sufficient stiffness.
  • the thickness between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm is optimal.
  • polymer based profile (2) standard steel rectangular profile (3) was inserted, said profile having dimensions 50x30x2.5 mm.
  • the adhesive between polymer based profile (2) and plates was polyurethane, namely 1 part of isocyanate and 4 parts of polyol. Isocyanate was Suprasec 5025 of manufacturer Huntsman, the polyol was Mitopur A 1/5 of local manufacturer Mitol. Adhesive had modulus of elasticity of approximately 2500 MPa and tensile strength much higher than 2 MPa. For insulation core of the panel the styrofoam of 100 mm thickness was used. Before attachment the polymer based profile (2) was prepared for improved grip with adhesive. Prepared panels were built into the experimental building. After approximately 60 days of summer weather at geographical latitude of approximate 45° the external plates (1 1) started to fell off. With this experiment we have proven that the criterion of strength of adhesive above 2 MPa is not decisive for use of appropriate adhesive in system such as presented here.
  • the panel using only the second embodiment according to this invention was used.
  • panel of length 1 m and width 0.5 m we used enameled float glass dark grey color manufactured by local manufacturer Reflex as external plate (1 1), said plate 8 mm thick.
  • the inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips.
  • spacers (7) the modified spacers Chromatech Ultra manufactured by Rolltech of nominal height 20 mm were used.
  • the polymer part of the spacer was manufactured of polystyrene.
  • the stack was comprised of 5 rectangular spacers said spacers continuous around whole perimeter of the panel, said spacers having aluminum foils positioned between themselves as the panel was gas filled.
  • the structural adhesive SikaFast 3131 manufactured by Sika was used having thickness 0.3 mm.
  • the adhesive has hardness 80 Shore A.
  • Such panel has appropriate stiffness for lengths up to 3 m for building up to one story high buildings.
  • both embodiments were used together.
  • external plate 11
  • the inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips.
  • spacers (7) the modified spacers Chromatech Ultra manufactured by Rolltech of nominal height 20 mm were used.
  • the polymer part of the spacer was manufactured of polystyrene.
  • the stack was comprised of 5 rectangular spacers said spacers continuous around whole perimeter of the panel, said spacers having aluminum foils positioned between themselves as the panel was gas filled.
  • the structural adhesive SikaFast 3131 manufactured by Sika was used having thickness 0.3 mm.
  • the panel was equipped with two profiles on base of polymer (2) along longitudinal sides of the panel according to figure 1.
  • the polymer based profile (2) was wide 100 mm and thick 43 mm. It was manufactured of polyamide 6.6 GF40.
  • standard steel rectangular profile (3) was inserted, said profile having dimensions 50x30x2.5 mm.
  • the adhesive between polymer based profile (2) and plates (1 1) and (12) was polysulfide adhesive GDI 16 manufactured by Komerling chemische fabrik, hardness 38 Shore A and 3.5 mm thick. Before attachment the polymer based profile (2) was treated for improved grip using process of plasma treatment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe (11) et une plaque interne (12) ayant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire entre les plaques (11) et (12). Dans cet espace il peut y avoir toutes sortes d'isolation thermique et/ou acoustique ne constituant pas, de préférence, une structure solide en connexion avec les plaques (11) et (12). La connexion (1) forme une connexion entre les plaques (11) et (12). La connexion (1) est mise en œuvre au moins le long de la partie longitudinale de la structure de panneau. Par ailleurs, la connexion (1) comporte le profil à base de polymère attaché (2) ou une pile de pièces d'écartement (7).
PCT/SI2011/000009 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 Panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire WO2012050535A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2813405A CA2813405A1 (fr) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 Panneau de construction servant de structure realisee par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermediaire
US13/877,975 US20130202845A1 (en) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 Building panel as structure of outer and inner plate with intermediate insulation space
AU2011314394A AU2011314394A1 (en) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space
CN2011800608740A CN103348068A (zh) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 作为具有中间隔离空间的外板和内板的结构的建筑嵌板
EA201390518A EA201390518A1 (ru) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 Строительная панель в виде конструкции внешней и внутренней пластин с изоляционным пространством между ними
BR112013009103A BR112013009103A2 (pt) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 painel de construção como estrutura de placa externa e interna com espaço de isolamento intermediário
JP2013533822A JP2013539834A (ja) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 外側プレートと内側プレートとの間に絶縁スペースを有する構造の建材パネル
EP11714135.8A EP2464799B1 (fr) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 Panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201000320A SI23514A (sl) 2010-10-15 2010-10-15 Gradbeni panel kot struktura zunanje in notranje plošče, z vmesnim izolacijskim prostorom
SIP-201000320 2010-10-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012050535A1 true WO2012050535A1 (fr) 2012-04-19

Family

ID=44140751

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SI2011/000009 WO2012050535A1 (fr) 2010-10-15 2011-02-19 Panneau de construction servant de structure réalisée par une plaque externe et une plaque interne comportant un espace d'isolation intermédiaire

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20130202845A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2464799B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013539834A (fr)
CN (1) CN103348068A (fr)
AU (1) AU2011314394A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013009103A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2813405A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA201390518A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL225541A0 (fr)
SI (1) SI23514A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012050535A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN104652700A (zh) * 2014-12-30 2015-05-27 潘茜茜 板材

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CN109715902A (zh) * 2016-09-14 2019-05-03 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 用于隔绝玻璃部的间距保持件、用于制造间距保持件的方法和多层隔绝玻璃部
CN106703284B (zh) * 2016-12-27 2019-02-01 深圳市鹏润达市政工程有限公司 一种多功效的轻钢结构抗震板材及制作方法
WO2019168412A1 (fr) * 2018-02-28 2019-09-06 Golden Homes Holdings Limited Améliorations apportées à un parement et relatives à celui-ci
GB2590505B (en) * 2019-12-20 2022-04-06 Agr Living Ltd Structural insulated panel (SIP) for a modular building

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GB1373969A (en) * 1970-12-17 1974-11-13 Duesseldorfer Messegesellschaf Adjustable detachable wall panel
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US20130202845A1 (en) 2013-08-08
EP2464799A1 (fr) 2012-06-20
BR112013009103A2 (pt) 2017-10-31
CN103348068A (zh) 2013-10-09
SI23514A (sl) 2012-04-30
AU2011314394A1 (en) 2013-05-02
EP2464799B1 (fr) 2020-05-06
EA201390518A1 (ru) 2013-11-29
IL225541A0 (en) 2013-09-30
CA2813405A1 (fr) 2012-04-19

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